FINAL EXAMSpring Semester

TEXAS HISTORY

Important People• Sam Houston:

Commander of the entire regular Texas army

• Santa Anna: Commanding general of Mexican armies at San Jacinto

Important People• Stephen F. Austin:

“Father of Texas”• He left the Battle

of San Antonio to get aid from the U.S.

Important People• William B. Travis:

Commander of Texans for most of the Alamo battle

• James Bowie: Famous for his knife; a co-commander of the Alamo

Important People• David Crockett:

famous hunter and frontiersman from TN.; died at Alamo

• Sam Houston: As governor, he opposed secession and lost the office

Important People• Ulysses S. Grant:

Military leader of the Union during the Civil War

• Robert E. Lee: Military leader of the Confederacy during the Civil War

Important People• Abraham Lincoln:

President of the U.S. during the Civil War

• Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy during the Civil War

Important People• Doris Miller:

Famous WW II hero from Waco

• Chester Nimitz: Commander of the Pacific fleet during WWll from Fredricksburg

Important People

• Comanches: Group of Native Americans that captured Cynthia Ann Parker

• Neal McLennan: Started the town of Waco

Important People• Miriam A.

Ferguson: 1st woman governor of Texas

• James Ferguson: Governor of Texas who was impeached

Important People

• Lyndon B. Johnson: U.S. President from Texas who followed Kennedy in office and pushed for civil rights

Key Dates• Texas

Independence Day: March 2, 1836

• Texas became 28th U.S. state: Dec. 29, 1845

Key Events• Goliad Massacre:

350 prisoners were executed

• Runaway Scrape: retreat of Texas civilians from Mexican army

Key Events• The town of

Waterloo was renamed Austin and became the capitol of Texas

Key Events• Secession: act of

breaking away from the Union

• Civil War: War between two sections of a country

Key Events• Annexation: to

incorporate a country or territory into another country or territory

Key Events• Juneteenth: the

day slaves were freed in Texas

Key Events• Pearl Harbor:

attack caused the U.S. to enter WWll

• New Deal: Franklin Roosevelt’s policies for economic recovery

Key Events• Great

Depression: period of economic downturn characterized by high unemployment

Battle Cry• “Remember the

Alamo, Remember Goliad!”

• San Jacinto battle cry of Texans

Key Terms: Ranching• Longhorns: original cattle in Texas• Spanish explorers brought 1st cattle to

Texas• Brands: used to indicate ownership• XIT: largest cattle ranch in 1880s

Key Terms: Trail Drives• Wrangler: a

ranch hand who takes care of saddle horses

• Drover: a person who moves cattle to market

Trail Drives• The number of

cowhands needed on a trail drive varied greatly, depending on the size of the herd

Trail Drives• Cattle drives were begun to reach

new markets

Key Terms: Oil Boom• Spindletop: 1st

big oil discovery in Texas

• Permian Basin: a large oil-producing area of West Texas

Republic of Texas• Fannin’s

indecision resulted in the defeat at Goliad

• Most of the Texans captured at Goliad were executed

Republic of Texas• Alamo mission was

small• Travis got 32

volunteers from Gonzales

• Bowie and Crockett believed the Alamo was important to the future of Texas

Republic of Texas• Battle of San

Jacinto: Texas won independence from Mexico

• Santa Anna thought Houston’s troops would only fight on defensive

Republic of Texas• Treaty of Velasco: Houston released

Santa Anna and sent him back to Mexico• Texans hoped that releasing Santa Anna

would lead to better relations with Mexico

Texas Frontier• The Colt revolver

was important in winning the frontier wars because six quick shots could be fired before reloading

Borders• Mexico recognized

the Nueces River as the border for Texas and Mexico

• Oklahoma was the state formerly known as “Indian Territory”

Civil War• Sam Houston

opposed secession from the Union

• North’s victory in the Civil War meant that the Union was preserved

Reconstruction• Texas’ state government collapsed as a

result of the South’s surrender.• Southerners thought the Radical

Republicans plan for Reconstruction was too harsh

• Southern voters had to take the Ironclad Oath before they could vote during Reconstruction

Texas Economy• A growing demand

for wool contributed to an increase in sheep ranching after the Civil War

• Cotton was the chief cash crop

Good Luck on Your Final!Have a great summer!