1

SECTION A

BAHAGIAN A

[60 marks]

[60 markah]

Answer all questions in this section.

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Diagram 1.1 shows the structure of a pancreatic cell as seen under the electron

microscope. K and L are the organelles in the pancreatic cell while S structure can be

found in the nucleus of the cell.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur sel pankreas yang dapat diperhatikan di bawah

mikroskop electron. K dan L adalah organel dalam sel pankreas manakala struktur S

boleh didapati dalam nukleus sel.

Diagram 1.1

Rajah 1.1

(a) (i) Name structure K and L.

Namakan struktur K dan L.

K: ………………………………………………………

L : ………………………………………………………

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

2

(ii) Structure S are made up of DNA molecules. Draw and label the basic unit of DNA in

the space provided.

Struktur S dibina daripada molekul DNA. Lukis dan label unit asas DNA dalam

ruangan yang disediakan.

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

(iii) Structure S is an important structure that carries genetic information.

Struktur S merupakan struktur penting yang membawa maklumat genetik.

What is structure S ?

Apakah struktur S ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(b) Explain how organelles K and L are involve in synthesising specific extracellular

enzyme.

Terangkan bagaimana organel K dan L terlibat dalam penghasilan enzim luar sel yang

spesifik.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

3

(c) Exposure to radiation will cause the gene mutation in the pancreatic cell. Explain how

would this affect the digestion of polypeptide in the duodenum.

Pendedahan kepada radiasi menyebabkan mutasi gen berlaku pada sel pankreas.

Terangkan bagaimana ini mempengaruhi proses pencernaan polipeptida di dalam

duodenum.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

2 Diagram 2.1 shows parts of the structure of the plasma membrane of an animal cell.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada struktur membran plasma pada satu sel

haiwan.

Diagram 2.1

Rajah 2.1

4

(a) (i) In 1972, Singer and Nicolson proposed the fluid-mosaic model to explain the structure of

the plasma membrane. Give one reason why it is so called.

Pada tahun 1972, Singer dan Nicolson mencadangkan model mozek bendalir bagi

menerangkan struktur membran plasma. Berikan satu alasan mengapa ia dinamakan

sedemikian.

……………………………………………………………………………………….….....

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

[ 1 mark/ 1 markah ]

(ii) Explain how glucose molecules from a region of higher concentration in the extracellular

fluid are transported across the plasma membrane into an animal cell.

Terangkan bagaimana molekul-molekul glukosa dalam bendalir luar sel diangkut dari

kawasan berkepekatan tinggi merentas membran plasma ke dalam sel haiwan.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

(b) Diagram 2.2 shows the respiratory structure of an organism.

Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan struktur respirasi bagi satu organisma.

Diagram 2.2

Rajah 2.2

(i) Name the respiratory structure in Diagram 2.2.

Namakan struktur respirasi dalam Rajah 2.2.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

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(ii) Where does gaseous exchange occur in the structure named in (a) (i)?

Di manakah pertukaran gas berlaku pada struktur yang di namakan di (a) (i)?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark/ 1 markah ]

(iii) Explain one adaptation of the respiratory structure in diagram 2.2 for efficient gaseous

exchange.

Terangkan satu adaptasi bagi struktur respirasi dalam Rajah 2.2 untuk pertukaran gas

yang cekap.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

(iv) How does gaseous exchange occur in this organism?

Bagaimanakah pertukaran gas berlaku dalam organisma ini?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 2 marks/ 2 markah ]

(c) Diagram 2.3 shows the blood circulatory system in fish.

Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah dalam ikan.

Diagram 2.3

Rajah 2.3

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(i)

Draw arrows in Diagram 2.3 to show the direction of the blood flow.

Lukis anak panah dalam Rajah 2.3 untuk menunjukkan arah pengaliran darah.

[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(ii) Describe the blood circulatory system in fish.

Huraikan sistem peredaran darah dalam ikan.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah]

3 Diagram 3.1 shows processes in the formation of cell R.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan proses pembentukan sel R.

Diagram 3.1

Rajah 3.1

Growth/ Pertumbuhan

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(a) (i) Name structure P and Q as shown in the diagram above.

Namakan peringkat P dan Q seperti dalam rajah di atas.

P : ….………………………………………………

Q : …………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

(ii) At which organ is cell R being produced?

Di organ manakah sel R dihasilkan?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(b) Diagram 3.2 shows the structure of a human sperm.

Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan struktur sperma manusia.

Diagram 3.2

Rajah 3.2

(i) Label the parts (A-C) in Diagram 3.2.

Labelkan bahagian (A-C) pada Rajah 3.2.

A : ….………………………………………………

B : ….………………………………………………

C : …………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

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(ii) The mobility of sperms is aided by part A. However, there are other factors which

contribute to the movement of sperms. State two other factors which help in increasing

the mobility of sperms.

Pergerakan sperma dibantu oleh bahagian A. Namun, terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang

membantu di dalam pergerakan sperma. Nyatakan dua faktor lain yang membantu di

dalam meningkatkan pergerakan sperma.

1. …..……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

2. ………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

(c) Diagram 3.3 shows a foetus developing in a uterus.

Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan perkembangan fetus dalam rahim.

Diagram 3.2

Rajah 3.2

(i) What are the differences between blood of arteries in X compared to the blood of

arteries in Y based on its content?

Apakah perbezaan-perbezaan antara darah dalam arteri pada Y berbanding dengan

darah dalam arteri pada X berdasarkan kandungannya?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

X

Y

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(ii) The placenta is often described as the ‘lung and kidney’ of the foetus. Explain why this

is a good description.

Plasenta sering kali digelar sebagai ‘peparu dan ginjal’ fetus. Terangkan mengapa

gelaran ini adalah bagus.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

4 Diagram 4.1 shows the cross section of the leaf of a plant. Diagram 4.2 shows a cross

section of organelle M that is found in the palisade mesophyll cell. It is involved in the

formation of starch in green plant.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas suatu daun dan Diagram 4.2 menunjukkan

keratan rentas organel M yang terdapat dalam sel mesofil palisad. Ia terlibat dalam

penghasilan kanji oleh tumbuhan hijau.

Organelle M / Organelle M

Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2

Rajah 4.1 Rajah 4.2

(a) State the role of organelle M in photosynthesis.

Nyatakan peranan organel M dalam fotosintesis.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

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(b) (i) Describe the photosynthetic reaction that occurs in P.

Huraikan tindakbalas fotosintesis yang berlaku dalam P.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

(ii) Explain how the reaction in P is related to the reaction that occurs in Q.

Terangkan bagaimana tindak balas dalam P berhubungkait dengan tindakbalas yang

berlaku dalam Q.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

(c) A cement factory is located near the plant and causes air pollution. Explain how the

condition of the environment affects the rate of photosynthesis of the plant.

Kilang simen terdapat di persekitaran pokok tersebut dan menyebabkan pencemaran

udara . Terangkan bagaimana keadaan persekitaran ini dapat mempengaruhi kadar

fotosintesis yang berlaku dalam pokok tersebut.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

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(d)

Based on the statement, explain how this method is carried out during winter to ensure

the production of crops throughout the year.

Berdasarkan pernyataan ini, terangkan bagaimana kaedah ini boleh memastikan

pengeluaran hasil tanaman berlaku sepanjang tahun.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

5 Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two types of joint.

Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua jenis sendi.

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2

Rajah 5.1 Rajah 5.2

In countries with four seasons, plants are grown in greenhouses.

Di negara empat musim, tumbuhan ditanam di dalam rumah kaca.

N

M

12

(a) Name the type of joint shown in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2.

Namakan jenis sendi dalam dalam Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 .

Diagram 5.1/Rajah 5.1 : …………………………………………………………………..

Diagram 5.2/Rajah 5.2 : …………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

(b) Name structure N and explain how the adaptive structure is related to its function.

Namakan struktur N dan terangkan bagaimana penyesuaian struktur ini dikaitkan

dengan fungsinya.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

(c) Diagram 5.3 shows the structure of a human arm.

Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan struktur lengan manusia.

Diagram 5.3 / Rajah 5.3

(i) State one characteristic of a muscle which help in movement of the arm.

Nyatakan satu sifat pada otot yang membolehkan pergerakan lengan.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

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(ii) Based on Diagram 5.3, explain what happens to the muscles P and Q and the bones Y

and Z when the arm is bent.

Berdasarkan Rajah 5.3,terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada otot P dan otot Q serta

tulang Y dan Z apabila tangan dibengkokkan.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

(d) A boy suffers a progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles and unable to move.

Explain why.

Seorang kanak-kanak lelaki mengalami masalah kemerosotan otot rangka dan tidak

boleh menggerakkan anggotanya. Terangkan mengapa.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 3 marks/ 3 markah ]

14

SECTION B

BAHAGIAN B

[40 marks]

[40 markah]

Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6 (a) A pure-breeding pea plant with purple flowers is crossed with a pure-breeding pea plant

with white flowers. All offspring produced have purple flowers.

Using Mendel's First Law, explain this cross-breeding process.

Satu pokok kacang pea baka biak tulen bagi bunga ungu dikacukkan dengan satu pokok

kacang pea baka biak tulen bagi bunga putih. Semua anak yang terhasil berbunga ungu.

Dengan menggunakan Hukum Mendel Pertama, terangkan proses kacukan ini.

[ 4 marks / 4 markah ]

(b) A nurse at a hospital accidentally removed the wrist tags of two babies in the maternity

ward. In order to identify the parents of these babies, the nurse referred to their blood

types. Based on the table shown below, match the babies to their parents.

Use schematic diagrams to support your answer.

Seorang jururawat secara tidak sengaja telah menanggalkan tag tangan pada dua

orang bayi di wad bersalin. Untuk mengenalpasti ibubapa bagi bayi-bayi ini, jururawat

itu telah merujuk kepada jenis-jenis darah mereka. Berdasarkan jadual di bawah,

padankan bayi-bayi tersebut dengan ibubapa mereka.

Guna gambarajah skema untuk menyokong jawapan anda.

(c) How do genetics engineering and tissue culture methods improve the quality and

quantity of food production?

Bagaimanakah kejuruteraan genetik dan kultur tisu dapat meningkatkan kualiti dan

kuantiti pengeluaran makanan?

[ 6 marks / 6 markah ]

Parents Blood group

Mr. Kumar AB

Mrs. Kumar O

Mr. Muthu AB

Mrs. Muthu AB

Baby Blood group

Raju B

Leela AB

[ 10 marks / 10 markah ]

15

7 Diagram 7.1 shows the human endocrine system. The pituitary gland is the main

endocrine gland.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan sistem endokrin manusia. Kelenjar pituitari ialah kelenjar

endokrin yang utama.

Diagram 7.1

Rajah 7.1

(a) Explain the role of the pituitary gland and its secreted hormones to control and regulate

the actions of the other endocrine glands.

Terangkan peranan kelenjar pituitari dan hormon yang dirembes untuk mengawal atur

tindak balas kelenjar endokrin yang lain.

[ 4 marks / 4 markah ]

(b) State the relationship between hormonal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),

luteinising hormone (LH) and oestrogen in the development of follicles.

Nyatakan perhubungan antara aras hormon bagi hormon perangsan folikel (FSH),

hormon peluteinan (LH) dan estrogen di dalam perkembangan folikel.

[ 4 marks / 4 markah ]

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(c) Diagram 7.2 shows a graph on the levels of progesterone during a pregnancy.

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan graf bagi aras progesteron sewaktu kehamilan.

Diagram 7.2

Rajah 7.2

(i) State two functions of progesterone throughout pregnancy.

Nyatakan dua fungsi progesteron sewaktu kehamilan.

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

(ii) Diagram 7.3 shows structure Q in an ovary.

Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan struktur Q di dalam ovari.

Diagram 7.3

Rajah 7.3

Explain the importance of structure Q during foetal development. Relate the importance

of structure Q with level of progesterone in a pregnancy.

Terangkan kepentingan struktur Q semasa perkembangan fetus. Kaitkan kepentingan

struktur Q dengan aras progesterone sewaktu kehamilan.

[ 4 marks / 4 markah ]

Progesterone Levels during Pregnancy/

Aras Progesteron Sewaktu Kehamilan

Week of Pregnancy/Minggu Kehamilan

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(d) Diagram 7.4 shows a developing foetus in the womb.

Rajah 7.4 menunjukkan perkembangan fetus di dalam rahim.

Diagram 7.4

Rajah 7.4

Explain briefly the structure and importance of the placenta with reference to foetal

development.

Terangkan secara ringkas tentang struktur dan kepentingan plasenta dengan merujuk

kepada perkembangan fetus.

[ 6 marks / 6 markah ]

8 (a) Diagram 8.1 shows the direction of the movement of water molecules from the soil to

the plant then to the atmosphere.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan arah pengaliran molekul-molekul air dari tanah ke dalam

tumbuhan sehingga ke atmosfera.

Diagram 8.1

Rajah 8.1

Describe how do water molecules from the soil enter the root of the plant.

Terangkan bagaimana molekul-molekul air dalam tanah memasuki akar suatu

tumbuhan.

[ 3 marks ]

[ 3 markah ]

18

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows the movement of water molecules from the soil into the plant and

out to the atmosphere.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan pergerakan molekul-molekul air dari tanah ke dalam tumbuhan

dan terbebas ke atmosfera

Diagram 8.2

Rajah 8.2

Based on Diagram 8.2, describe the movement of water molecules from the root to the

leaves.

Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, terangkan pergerakan molekul-molekul air dari akar ke daun.

[ 9 marks ]

[ 9 markah ]

(c) Diagram 8.3 shows the cross- section of a dicotyledonous stem.

Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan keratan rentas batang kotiledon.

Diagram 8.3

Rajah 8.3

X

Y

Epidermis

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(i) Explain the adaptive structure of X related to its function.

Terangkan ciri-ciri penyesuaian struktur X berkaitan fungsinya.

[ 2 marks ]

[ 2 markah ]

(ii) Tissue Y is formed from the specialization of a cell. During cell specialization, the

plant is unable to produce lignin. Explain the effect of this on the function of tissue Y.

Tisu Y dibentuk dari pengkhususan suatu sel. Semasa pengkhususan sel, suatu

tumbuhan tidak dapat menghasilkan lignin. Terangkan kesannya ke atas fungsi tisu Y.

[ 6 marks ]

[ 6 markah ]

9 (a) Diagram 9.1 show the processes of colonisation and succession in a disused pond.

Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan proses pengkolonian dan sesaran dalan suatu kolam terbiar.

Diagram 9.1

Rajah 9.1

Based on Diagram 9.1, explain how colonisation and succession bring about the

formation of a primary forest in the habitat.

Berdasarkan kepada Rajah 9.1, terangkan bagaimana pengkolonian dan sesaran

membawa kepada pembentukan hutan primer dalam habitat itu.

[10 marks]

[10 markah]

20

(b) Diagram 9.2 shows several human activities along a river.

Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan beberapa aktiviti manusia di sepanjang sungai.

Diagram 9.2

Rajah 9.2

Explain the effect of the activities shown in Diagram 9.2 to the river ecosystem and

human.

Terangkan kesan aktiviti-aktiviti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.2 terhadap ekosistem

sungai dan manusia.

[10 marks]

[10 markah]

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