Section 3.1• Describe Internet hardware and software• Explain Internet protocols• Compare intranets, extranets, and the Internet

Section 3.2• Identify URL components• Compare Web browsers• Use search engines

Section 3.3• Describe Web development applications and hardware• Describe connectivity components• Insert external hyperlinks

Section 3.4• Explain how to download files responsibly• Summarize copyright and fair use laws• Cite digital sources• Evaluate Web site content

3.1 The InternetGuide to Reading

Main Ideas

Protocols allow computers to communicate. People often use the Internet to communicate with other users. Intranets and extranets are networks that are protected from unauthorized access.

Key Terms

Internet service provider (ISP)protocolTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)File Transfer Protocol (FTP)intranetextranet

pp. 62-66

The U.S. government developed a network of computers called ARPANET, which became the Internet.

The first graphical-user interface (GUI) browser was created in 1990. It allowed users to view graphic, audio, and video files located on the Internet.

Origins of the Internet

3.1 The Internetpp. 62-66

3.1 The InternetHow the Internet Works

Internet hardware and software allow you to access files from other computers and servers

You must be connected to a communication line to access an Internet Internet service providerservice provider.

Internet service provider (ISP) A business that provides a network to customers that they use to access the Internet. (p. 63)

pp. 62-66

3.1 The InternetHow the Internet Works

Internet ProtocolsProtocols:

• Transmission Control Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)(TCP/IP)

• Hypertext Transfer Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)Protocol (HTTP)

• File Transfer Protocol File Transfer Protocol (FTP(FTP)

• Telnet

• Gopher

• WAIS

pp. 62-66

protocol A set of rules and procedures that specify how data are formatted and transmitted between computer systems. (p. 64)

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Basic Internet protocol that contains the specific information that allows computers to identify each other and exchange data. (p. 64)

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Used to transfer files from a Web server to a Web browser. (p. 64)

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) A standardized method of uploading and downloading files on the Internet. (p. 64)

Communication on the Internet• E-mail• Listserv• Newsgroups or Forums• Chat Rooms• Internet Relay Chat• Instant Messaging

Entertainment on the Internet• Multiuser domain games (MUDs)• MUD object–orientated games (MOOs)

Internet Resources

3.1 The Internetpp. 62-66

3.1 The InternetOther Networks

There is basically no technical difference between the Internet, intranetsintranets, and extranetsxtranets.

The differences lie in the ways these networks are used.

intranet A LAN or WAN that is designed to make it easy to share information within an organization, such as a business or a school. (p. 66)

extranet A type of network that can be accessed by outside or remote users who are authorized to use the network. (p. 66)

pp. 62-66

3.2 The WebGuide to Reading

Main Ideas

A URL is an address that identifies a specific Web page. Web browsers have varying capabilities. Search engines help locate sites containing specific information. Users should carefully evaluate all information found online.

Key Terms

uniform resource locator (URL)

domain name

domain name extension

accessibility option

search engine

Web directory

keyword

Boolean search

pp. 68-72

3.2 The WebUniform Resource Locators (URLs)

HTTP requires that Web page URLs URLs be in a standard format. Most addresses consist of four main parts:

• Protocol

• Address

• Directory path

• Retrieved file

uniform resource locator (URL) A unique address that enables a browser to locate specific page files on the Web. (p. 68)

pp. 68-72

http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/about/history.html

3.2 The WebUniform Resource Locators

The address of the Web page includes the domain domain namename. The domain name includes a domain name domain name extensionextension.

pp. 68-72

http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/about/history.html

domain name Part of a URL that identifies the entity (such as a university, individual, or business) that sponsors the Web site. (p. 68)

domain name extension Part of the URL that tells users what type of organization uses the address. (p. 69)

Web browsers are used to request, retrieve, and view Web pages.

There are many different browsers to choose from, including Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. Different browsers may interpret HTML in different ways.

Using a Web Browser

3.2 The Webpp. 68-72

3.2 The WebUsing a Web Browser

Many browsers include accessibility optionsaccessibility options for differently abled individuals.

For example, most browsers let users increase the size of text on the screen. This option helps users with impaired vision read text more easily.

accessibility option A feature that allows differently abled individuals to access and use Web pages. (p. 70)

pp. 68-72

3.2 The WebLocating Information Online

Search tools like search search enginesengines and Web directories can help you locate what you are looking for on the Internet.

search engine An application that locates information about Web pages and then stores this information in searchable databases that you can access from your browser. (p. 72)

Web directory Search tool that catalogs Web sites (not pages) by topic or category. (p. 72)

pp. 68-72

3.2 The WebLocating Information Online

To use a search engine, you make a search query. KeywordKeyword and Boolean Boolean searchessearches are two types of queries.

pp. 68-72

keyword An important word related to the specific topic you are trying to locate. (p. 72)

Boolean search A type of search that combines keywords in specific ways to locate specific pages. (p. 72)

• Activity 3A – Preview a Web Page (p. 70)

• Activity 3B – Performing a Boolean Search (p. 73)

3.2 The Webpp. 68-72

3.3 Web Site Development ToolsGuide to Reading

Main Ideas

The type of hardware and software needed to develop a Web site depends on the size and complexity of the site. You must have access to a Web server to publish a Web site. External links let users move between different Web sites.

Key Terms

text editor

Web site development application

WYSIWYG

Web hosting service

external hyperlink

pp. 74-78

3.3 Web Site Development ToolsSoftware Needs

The software tools used to create Web sites can be divided into two broad categories:

• Text editorsText editors

• Web site development Web site development applicationsapplications

text editor An application used to enter and edit the HTML code in a Web page. (p. 74)

Web site development application Sophisticated application package that some Web developers use to create Web sites. FrontPage is one that uses a WYSIWYGWYSIWYG interface. (p. 74)

WYSIWYG Applications that allow you to create Web pages so that what you see on the screen is very similar to the appearance of the final page; stands for “what you see is what you get.” (p. 74)

pp. 74-78

The Web designer’s toolbox should include applications for creating and modifying graphics, video, and audio components.

Web Page Component Applications

3.3 Web Site Development Toolspp. 74-78

3.3 Web Site Development ToolsHardware and Connectivity Needs

Beyond the basic hardware components, many developers use other input and output devices:

• Scanner• Digital camera• Microphone

Many people also use a Web hosting serviceWeb hosting service to gain access to a Web server.

Web hosting service Service that sells Web server space, usually for a monthly fee. (p. 77)

pp. 74-78

3.3 Web Site Development ToolsLinking to Online Resources

Hyperlinks set Web pages apart from other Internet documents. External External hyperlinkshyperlinks can connect one page to a page on a different Web site.

external hyperlink A hyperlink that takes a user to a page on a different Web site. (p. 77)

pp. 74-78

• Activity 3C – Inserting External Hyperlinks (p. 77)

3.3 Web Site Development Toolspp. 74-78

3.4 Social, Ethical, and Legal IssuesGuide to Reading

Main Ideas

Ethical, social, and legal guidelines govern the use of online resources. Users must respect copyright law and trademark rules when using digital resources and cite their sources whenever possible.

Key Terms

Internet Use Agreement

Netiquette

commercial software

shareware

freeware

copyright

pp. 80-84

Online communications enable you to share all kinds of information instantly with people around the world.

While the Internet helps communications, spending a lot of time at computers can also isolate people. Be sure to balance the time you spend online with other activities.

The Internet and Society

3.4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issuespp. 80-84

3.4 Social, Ethical, and Legal IssuesEthical Internet Use

There are rules that online users must follow. They include:

• Internet Use AgreementsInternet Use Agreements• NetiquetteNetiquette• Protect your privacy

Internet Use Agreement Used by organizations such as schools and businesses to regulate online use; also called Acceptable Use Policies or AUPs. (p. 80)

Netiquette General guidelines that have developed over the years to guide Internet interactions. (p. 81)

pp. 80-84

3.4 Social, Ethical, and Legal IssuesDownloading and Copying from the Internet

Laws govern what you can legally download from Web sites and how you can use the files.

Most software can be categorized as commercial softwarecommercial software, sharewareshareware, or freewarefreeware.

pp. 80-84

commercial software Software that is developed and distributed with the intention of making a profit. (p. 81)

shareware Copyrighted software that an author allows to be freely distributed. (p. 81)

freeware Software that can be freely copied and used for any legal purpose. (p. 81)

3.4 Social, Ethical, and Legal IssuesUsing Information from the Web

It is not always legal to copy information from the Web. A copyrightcopyright may be attached to creative works on the Web.

The fair use doctrine allows for small portions of a work to be used for educational purposes.

copyright Asserts that only the copyright’s owner has the right to sell his or her work or to allow someone else to sell it. (p. 82)

pp. 80-84

To be an effective developer, you will have to learn how to evaluate online resources to determine the quality of the Web site’s information and how to cite digital sources.

Using Information from the Web

3.4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issuespp. 80-84

Wallace, Scott. “Into the Amazon.” nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic Society. 2003 (accessed July 30, 2003). <http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0308/feature1/index.html>.

• Activity 3D – Adding a Copyright Notice (p. 82)

3.4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issuespp. 80-84

For more resources on this chapter, go to the Introduction to Web Design Web site at webdesign.glencoe.com.

Resources

Chapter 3