Information Systems Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

Information Systems

Chapter 7

The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

3Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

Use and Functioning of the Internet

• Internet: ?



• Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information

• ARPANET– Ancestor of the Internet– Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense

(DoD) in 1969


Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)

Table 7.1: A Brief History of the Internet



Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 7

How the Internet Works

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)– Transport-layer protocol that most Internet

applications use with IP

• Backbone– One of the Internet’s high-speed, long-distance

communications links

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)– An assigned address on the Internet for each

computer


How the Internet Works (continued)

• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)– Responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet

domain names– Has authority to resolve domain name disputes

• Cyber-squatters– Register domain names in the hope of selling them

to corporations or people

Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition


• Accessing the Internet

• Connect via LAN Server

• Connect via Dial-up

• Connect via High-Speed Service

• Connect Wirelessly




Internet Service Providers

• Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet

• Most charge a monthly fee


Internet Service Providers (continued)

Table 7.4: Approximate Times to Perform Basic Tasks with Various Internet Connections


The World Wide Web


The World Wide Web

• Collection of tens of millions of server computers that work together as one in an Internet

• Hyperlink– Highlighted text or graphics in a Web document that,

when clicked, opens a new Web page

• Web browser– Web client software such as Internet Explorer,

Firefox, and Safari used to view Web pages


The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, The European Organization for Neuclear Research in Geneva[Center Europeane pour la Recherche Nucleaire]


The World Wide Web (continued)

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)– Standard page description language for Web pages

• HTML tags– Let the browser know how to format text

• Extensible Markup Language (XML)– Markup language for Web documents containing

structured information

• Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)– File or portion of an HTML file that defines the visual

appearance of content in a Web page



The Internet

Client Web Browser

HTTPDWeb Server

Web SiteHTML

Documentindex.html

HTML Documents/Linked Files

REQUEST

Web PageHome Page

http://www.buu.ac.th/index.html

HTTP

HTTP

Web Documentsindex.html



Web 2.0 and the Social Web

• Web 2.0– The Web as a computing platform that supports

software applications and the sharing of information

• Rich Internet application – Software that has the functionality and complexity of

traditional application software, but runs in a Web browser and does not require local installation


Web Programming Languages

• Java– Object-oriented programming language from Sun

Microsystems based on C++– Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded

within an HTML document

• Other languages– Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)– Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)– Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight

Developing Web Content

• Popular tools for creating Web pages and managing Web sites:– Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web,

and Nvu

• Popular publishing options:– ISPs, free sites, and Web hosting

• Mash-up – Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into

one song



Web Services

• Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites

• XML – The key to Web services


Web Services (continued)

• Other components used in Web service applications:– SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)– WSDL (Web Services Description Language)– UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and

Integration)


Internet and Web Applications

• Search engines and Web research– Search engines

• Have become important to businesses as a tool to drive visitors to the business’ Web site

– SEO has become a valuable marketing tool


Search Engines and Web Research


Search Engines and Web Research (continued)

Table 7.6 Popular Search Engines


Business Uses of the Web

• Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association– Established in 1991– Allows businesses to connect to the Internet


E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat

• E-mail– No longer limited to simple text messages– Can embed sound and images– Can attach files

• Instant messaging– Online, real-time communication between two or

more people who are connected to the Internet


E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat (continued)

Career Information and Job Searching

• Search engines – Good starting point for searching for specific

companies or industries

• Job sites– www.directmarketingcareers.com– www.monster.com– www.hotjobs.com– www.careerbuilder.com



Telnet, SSH, and FTP

• Telnet– Network protocol that enables users to log on to

networks remotely over the Internet

• Secure Shell (SSH)– Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure

connection

• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)– Supports file transfers between a host and a remote

computer

SSH Secure Shell File Transfer

Upload

Download


Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting

• Web log (blog)– Web site that people create and use to write about

their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics

• Podcast– Audio broadcast over the Internet– An audio blog


Usenet and Newsgroups

• Usenet– Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news service– Topic are called newsgroups– Protocol that describes how groups of messages can

be stored on and sent between computers


Usenet and Newsgroups (continued)


Chat Rooms

• Enable two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet

• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)– Requires participants to type their conversation

rather than speak


Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services

• Internet phone service– Relatively inexpensive, especially for international

calls

• Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology– Network managers can route phone calls and fax

transmissions over the same network they use for data

• Internet videoconferencing– Supports both voice and visual communications

Social Networks

• Facebook – Provides an application development platform so

that technically proficient members can create applications to run within Facebook

• The U.S. intelligence community– Is adopting social networking to share information

among operatives and analysts

• Twitter– Allows members to report on what they are doing

throughout the day



Media Sharing

• YouTube– Allows members to post homemade video content

• Flickr – Allows members to upload photos to their own

personal online photo album and choose photos to share with the community


Social Bookmarking

• Purpose– To provide a view of the most popular Web sites,

videos, blog articles, or other Web content at any given moment

• Popular social bookmarking sites– del.icio.us– Digg


Content Streaming

• Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet

• Enables users to browse large files in real time


Shopping on the Web

• Amazon Shorts– Has stories that vary in length from 2,000 to 10,000

words

• Bot (intelligent agent) – Software tool that searches the Web for information,

products, or prices


Web Auctions

• Web auction– A way to connect buyers and sellers

• eBay– Popular auction site– Easy to use and includes thousands of products and

services in many categories

• Auction sites – Cannot always determine whether the people and

companies listing products and services are legitimate


Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet

• Radio broadcasts are now available on the Internet

• Video and TV are also becoming available

• Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) protocol– Used to put TV programming on the Internet


E-Books and Audio Books

• Digital books, both in text and audio form– Are growing in popularity thanks to appealing

devices and services

• Audio books – Have become more popular due to the popularity of

the iPod and services like audible.com


Office on the Web

• Internet office– Web site that contains files, phone numbers, e-mail

addresses, an appointment calendar, and more– Allows your desktop computer, phone books,

appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are


Other Internet Services and Applications

• Internet – Can provide critical information during times of

disaster – Can be used to translate words, sentences, or

complete documents from one language into another– Facilitates distance learning, which has dramatically

increased in the last several years


Intranets and Extranets

• Intranet– Internal corporate network built using Internet and

World Wide Web standards and technologies

• Extranet – Network that links selected resources of the intranet

of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners

• Virtual private network (VPN) – Secure connection between two points on the

Internet


Intranets and Extranets (continued)


Net Issues

• Management issues– Preventing attacks

• Service and speed issues– Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on

company intranets

• Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet sites– People and companies are reluctant to embrace the

Internet unless these issues are successfully addressed


Summary

• The Internet started with ARPANET

• Internet Protocol (IP)– The set of conventions used to pass packets from

one host to another

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)– Other protocol used with IP

• The Web – Collection of tens of millions of servers that work

together as one in an Internet service


Summary (continued)

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)– Standard page description language for Web pages

• Internet and Web applications include: – Web browsers, e-mail, Telnet, FTP, Web logs (blogs),

podcasts, Usenet and newsgroups, chat rooms

• Telnet and SSH – Enable you to log on to remote computers

• Online social networks – Provide Web-based tools for users to share

information about themselves with others


Summary (continued)

• Intranet – Internal corporate network built using Internet and

World Wide Web standards and products

• Extranet – Network that links selected resources of the intranet

of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners

• Management issues, service, and speed affect all networks


Principles and Learning Objectives

• The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others that are still evolving, and still others that will fade away from lack of use– Briefly describe how the Internet works, including

alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers


Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

• Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web is a hyperlink-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications– Describe the World Wide Web and how it works– Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines,

and other Web tools– Identify and briefly describe the applications

associated with the Internet and the Web



• Because use of the Internet and World Wide Web is becoming universal in the business environment, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved– Identify who is using the Web to conduct business

and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web commerce

– Outline a process for creating Web content



– Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on the software world

– Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them

– Identify several issues associated with the use of networks

Review question #7

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