Sec 4 Sem 2 Wek 7 National Day, Vocab 08 and Reflective Essay Writing

7/27/2019 Sec 4 Sem 2 Wek 7 National Day, Vocab 08 and Reflective Essay Writing

1/24

Jiang Education Centre Pte Ltd Ace your O LeVeLs Sem 2 week 7

Lesson objectives ~ Answering close passages, National day and ten challenges

facing Singapore (free response).

SM: Guard against religious enclavesRising religiosity may lead people to mix only with others of same faithBy Clarissa Oon, Senior Political Correspondent

Exception Substantial Ample Congestion Unwittingly Spiritual

Fomenting Flagged Cohesion Compartmentalisation potential

Han

SENIOR Minister Goh Chok Tong sees a (1) danger arising from

Singaporeans becoming more religious.

It can lead to people of the same faith mixing only with each other, which over time

could result in '(2) of our society by religion', he said.

Should this happen, there is a great possibility of religious misunderstanding and conflict,

he said at a National Day dinner in Marine Parade yesterday, in a speech on the

challenges facing the Singapore of tomorrow.

Mr Goh's signalling of the need for social (3) and inter-religious harmony isthe second in two days by a top government leader.

Deputy Prime Minister Wong Kan Seng did so on Saturday, citing conflicts outside

Singapore such as last month's violent clashes between Uighur Muslims and (4) Chinese

in China's Xinjiang province.

Their messages reinforce a concern (5) in the past month by a few other

members of the Cabinet.

Yesterday, Mr Goh spelt out the fundamentals that must stay un-changed for Singapore to

guard against (6) tensions.

It has a secular government which represents Singaporeans of 'all beliefs, including those

without a religion'.

'Hence, as a principle, public institutions or private organisations which receive public

funding are not permitted to impose or advocate any religious belief or practice.

Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance. Samuel Johnson: 1

C.R.SNO:1052

149,Rochor Road Fu Lu Shou Complex #04-13, Singapore188425

Tel: 63372048 63375476 Fax:63378232 Website: www.jiang.edu.sgName: _______________________________ Time: __________ Day: _________
http://www.jiang.edu.sg/http://www.jiang.edu.sg/http://www.jiang.edu.sg/http://www.jiang.edu.sg/


2/24


'This must remain the foundation of our inter-religious harmony,' he stressed.

For that reason too, there are policies ensuring public housing estates and schools remain

common secular spaces, 'where nobody is made to feel uncomfortable whatever his

colour or beliefs'.

Mr Goh pointed out that the Government sees religion as a positive force in society,

giving '(7) guidance to help us cope with a fast-changing world'.

However, rising religiosity may lead people, (8) , to form religious

enclaves, unless a conscious effort is made to continue socialising with people of other

faiths, he said.

If such religiosity 'encroaches on our common secular space, or worse, the practice of

other religions, (it) must result in a push-back by others'.

The theme of growing religious fervour made up a (9) part of Mr Goh's

speech, which made the key point that in Singapore's successes 'are embedded the seeds

of new challenges'.

The economy, for one, has grown 125 times from $2 billion half a century ago to $250

billion today.

This dramatic growth has given rise to new socio-economic challenges.

Mr Goh identified 10, to be borne largely by the next generation.

Exception Substantial Ample Congestion Unwittingly SpiritualFomenting Flagged Cohesion Compartmentalisation potential

Han

They range from maintaining high economic growth to social issues such as minimising

urban (10) .

He also cited other problems, such as raising the birth rate and providing affordable care

and jobs for the future elderly in Singapore.

However, Mr Goh is confident that the next generation can tackle the new challenges.

They have four factors in their favour: (11) financial resources, a growing talent

pool, strong political leadership and a cohesive society enjoying racial and religious

harmony for four decades.

But Mr Goh warned against taking it for granted, saying 'ours is a society with inherent

cracks'. Grassroots leaders interviewed shared his concern. However, Residents'



3/24


Committee member Edward Chua, 49, cautioned against overstating it because 'religious

people can be trusted to exercise their faith responsibly and for the good of society'.

On the other hand, Mr R. Kalaichelvan, treasurer of the Marine Parade Community

Complex, felt 'we must send a clear message to everyone that we have a secular society,

and religion can only be practised in the private space'.

The (12) would be if there are opportunities where religious groups can work

together, then they should be brought into the common space, said the 51-year-old.

Exception Substantial Ample Congestion Unwittingly Spiritual

Fomenting Flagged Cohesion Compartmentalisation potential

Han

10 challenges for the next generation: SMSuccess creates its own problems, said Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong yesterday when

he spelt out the 10 challenges facing the next generation. He highlighted them by posing

questions to Cabinet ministers, families and the young.1 High growth: Amid global competition, can you maintain Singapore's high economic

growth and keep on improving our standard of living?

In 1959, thousands of Singaporeans lived in slums and squalor. Today, more than 90 per

cent own their homes.

2 Life will get better: How do you, as leaders, convince Singaporeans of that when they

are already living in good-quality public and private housing?

3 Transport: How does the Transport Minister satisfy the demands for comfort,

convenience, congestion-free travel and punctuality of services and expectation of

affordable fares, ERP and parking charges?

4 Health care: Can the Health Minister stamp out diseases linked to an affluent lifestyle,

such as diabetes and cancer? And keep health-care costs down and affordable?

If we live till 90, we would probably have to work till 75 to have enough savings for a

cosy retirement of 15 years.

5 Worker training: Can the Manpower Minister and the labour chief design a new

training programme, Workfare (a wage supplement for working low-income

Singaporeans) and a Jobs Credit wage subsidy scheme for grandparents and maybe even

great-grandparents?



4/24


6 More babies: What will get our young to marry and have children? Any creative ideas

on procreation, Mr Goh asks parents and the young.

7 Ageing: Today, 9 per cent of our population are over 65 years of age. By 2030, it will

more than double to 20 per cent.

How do we support so many senior citizens, he asks the chairman of the Ministerial

Committee on Ageing.

How will we look after our parents and grandparents? Will you build more community

hospitals, nursing and old folk's homes, and keep them affordable?

8 Scarce land: In the last 50 years, land area has been expanded by more than 20 per cent,

through reclamation.

How much more land can Singapore reclaim over the next 50 years, he asks the Minister

for National Development.

As the population and the economy grow, how will Singapore deal with the potential

over-crowding problem?

9 Education: Bright students will be sought after internationally, chipping away at

Singapore's talent pyramid at the top. Mr Goh considers this one of the most serious

threats to Singapore's long-term survival and says it has to be solved now.

His questions for the Prime Minister, Education Minister, schools and families: How do

we bond students going abroad to Singapore, physically if possible, and if not, at least

emotionally? How do we ensure most will return home and contribute to Singapore?

How do we ensure there will always be a core of honest, able and dedicated Singaporeans

to look after the country and their fellow men?

10 Religious harmony: For four decades, Singapore has enjoyed racial and religious

harmony. How do the people of Singapore ensure that Singaporeans of different faiths

will continue to mix with one another and respect one another's faith?



5/24


Try to ascertain the meaning of the words given below

1997GraveDevisedDominatedConscious ofDepictedSystematicallyDeclineVerge

1998

ExaggeratedCulminatingInterruptedBeltFitfullyMonotonouslyShroudedBear

1999Rich

SpurredPlausibleIn the light ofContemplatedImminentEnticingOminous

2000Home in onConvey

ReadilyRangeMakingFutileCreditArrogant

2001



6/24


DesolateAssailedDictatedStealthilyDetection

Count onEvidenceFade

2002SignificantLikelyAttractedTraceIn abundancePromised

RivalsSecret

2003PrincipallyFashionedFlourishPermanentTurn toLeadReputationLeadReputationCover

2004ImpactPrimitiveBanishedAngleEffectively

2005DebilityVoraciouslyInfernalEmbellishmentRelic

2006



7/24


HarnessingBidIntentlyHarvestingPervasiveness

2007DistinctionCommonplaceBoostedDistinguishEerie

2008ClimaxManipulated

OverwhelmedVibrantGnarled

Did that exercise seem difficult?How about when the Vocabulary words are in context?

1997

Despite this, there was a grave disadvantage in being a totem animal because if an animal

was the totem of some sacred tribe, it could be attacked or destroyed by their enemiesGrave

The most obvious example was n sheer strength. The lion and elephant were clearlymuch stronger than humans so circus acts were devised in which the strength of theanimals was dominated by human intelligence;Devised

The lion and elephant were clearly much stronger than humans so circus acts weredevised in which the strength of the animals was dominated by human intelligence;Dominated

Conscious oftheir limitations, zoos have struggled to develop a style of zoo-keepingwhich gives animals living conditions that are as close as possible to the way they wouldlive is still in the wild.Conscious of

Animals were depicted in early films as savage killers attacking the hero or being gunneddown by brave hunters in the name of sport.



8/24


Depicted

Animals also suffered at the hands of man in that they were gradually but systematicallydestroyed by Europeans to make way for agricultural land to provide food for a fast-growing population.

Systematically

Tourist pollution is considered the main cause in the dramatic decline of the numbers ofcertain predatory animals like the cheetah and leopard.Decline

Many fascinating species of animals are today on the verge of extinction and the list isdepressingly long.Verge

1998

Somehow I convinced him that his fears were exaggerated.Exaggerated

Above me towered a steep slope culminating in a sheer, grey cliff.Culminating

Only to the west was the view interrupted by a bank of cloud.Interrupted

Towards evening I reached a thickbelt of jungle.Belt

I slept only fitfully.Fitfully

In its depths a bell-bird was calling monotonously.Monotonously

Jungle once more shrouded the path I was following.Shrouded

I stood and shouted, as loudly as my lungs would bear it, to the four points of the

compass.Bear

Disasters at sea are rich in examples of superhuman skill and determination and onoccasion, criminal negligence, and sometimes more sinister behaviour.Rich

1999



9/24


Competition for contracts in the prestigious and lucrative business of the transatlantic runhad spurred the major competition to build increasingly larger and faster vessels.Spurred

Their claim that the Titanic was unsinkable was plausible but unfortunate in the light of

subsequent events.Plausible

Their claim that the Titanic was unsinkable was plausible but unfortunate in the light ofsubsequent eventsIn the light of

This was originally contemplated by the builders, but they later rejected the idea.Contemplated

At noon on 10 April 1912 a long blast on Titanics whistle signalled herimminent

departure.Imminent

Although the owner had earlier declared that there was no point in driving the ship toohard, the possibility of an early arrival in New York was too enticing to ignore;Enticing

Meanwhile, as one of the lookouts neared the end of his watch, an ominous smudgeabout the size of his loomed on the horizon dead ahead. Ominous

2000

Bats home in on flying insects that are their food by means of a sophisticated soundsystem.Home in on

Not that we dont have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions conveyout emotions such as anger, or joy or disappointment.Convey

Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our human beings acquire thisamazing skillsReadily

The next phase in the growth of language would have been the way our bodies developedto enable us to utter a growing range of varied sounds.Range

The effortless was a child learns to talk and the automatic understanding that it promptsin its listeners are masking a system of great richness and complexity.Masking



10/24


Certainly they dont attempt to provide basic grammar lessons for their infants; thatwould be futile.Futile

In fact, children themselves deserve most of the credit for the language they acquire.Credit

Yet the possession of the distinctive skill that is language should not make us tooarrogant.Arrogant

2001

The first stage of our march lay through desolate and dangerous country called the DeadLand.Desolate

But it wasnt the tsetse fly that now assailed us.Assailed

Next morning, we set off, following the direction our map and compass dictated.Dictated

We walked stealthily on until we caught sight of a river below and a harbour close by.Stealthily

If we could only avoid detection in the dark woods until nightfall, or until the rain came

in the afternoon, we had a chance of getting away.Detection

I count on you to get back with news of what weve discovered.Count on

Even as I spoke, fresh evidence of the progress of our enemies was coming onto thescene.Evidence

Soon they began to fade into the distance.

Fade

2002

Then came othersignificant discoveries there the fossilised remains of skulls, notaltogether human but with features markedly similar to those of humans.Significant



11/24


Such finds, together with the strangely-shaped stones, were likely evidence of creatureswhich were developing a primitive intelligence, and not replying just on jaws and teeth toget their food.Likely

When a creature died on the open plains of Africa, the scent of its decay sooner or laterattracted other animals of all kinds.Attracted

Hardly any trace of its existence would be left.Trace

Two million years ago, the gorge at Olduvai would have held a great lake, and around itsshores animals would have swarmed in abundance.In abundance

Circling vultures promised the remains of some animal killed not far away, a meal forthe taking of they got there soon enough.Promised

This communication undoubtedly gave them the edge over many of their four-footedrivals in prising out the secret scraps of energy-giving food that dotted the landscape.Rivals

This communication undoubtedly gave them the edge over many of their four-footedrivals in prising out the secret scraps of energy-giving food that dotted the landscape.Secret

2003

A warriors armour could be worth a hundred oxen and even human beings, principallythose were employed as servants could be valued in terms of cattle.Principally

Being fashioned out of metal, they had a special value, since it required a good deal oflabour to extract metal from the earth.Fashioned

The emergence of this new money encouraged an increase in merchants and trades, who

in turn ensured that this use of coins would continue to flourish.Flourish

These pieces of paper first appeared in general use in the 9th century AD and thereafterfound a permanent place in Chinese money.Permanent

Other countries did not turn to this idea for another six hundred years.



12/24


Turn to

Later on, other countries were to follow the lead of China and produce metal coins.Lead

Their value earned them a widespread reputation as money worth acquiring.Reputation

To cover some of the expenses, less of the precious metals would be included in theirproduction.Cover

2004

Our behaviour, also, has felt the impact of modern technology.Impact

Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.Primitive

The motor-car has been blamed for its polluting effects and see its demands for more andmore roads, but it has banished the time-consuming and uncomfortable journeys enduredin horse-drawn vehicles.Banished

Initially they protested but then they saw things from my angle.Angle

A flying elbow from him caught Zang in the stomach and that effectively ended the racefor Zang.Effectively

2005

Next day came a further sign of our growing debility.Debility

Nevertheless we drank it voraciously, sand, mud, and all.Voraciously

At last we were certain that we had escaped from that infernal land.Infernal

The butterflys colouring is not just forembellishment.Embellishment

There is a theory that this is just a relic of the co-operative animal behaviour which welearnt as hunters at an early stage in our evolution.



13/24


Relic

2006

Finally harnessing all its strength into one last bid for freedom, it thrashed again andagain until one o the chains snapped and an anchor broke free.

Harnessing

Finally harnessing all its strength into one last bid for freedom, it thrashed again andagain until one o the chains snapped and an anchor broke free.Bid

The humpback was struggling to obtain enough air but it watched the divers intently, oneblack and white eye the size of a human fist following their every move.Intently

However, these oceans also provide for life on earth in a more direct way, in the

harvesting of fish and other sea creatures for food.Harvesting

The other man-made problem is the pervasiveness of marine litter from pole to pole.Pervasiveness

Well, if that was frustrating, remember the range of words offeredto you during your O levels to prevent further frustration, please

check your dictionaries for other meanings for the followingwords!

2007

In those early days, there was no cleardistinction between astrology a belief in theinfluence of the stars on our everyday lives and astronomy the scientific study ofthem.Distinction

Although there is no scientific evidence for these beliefs, it would once have beencommonplace for a ruler to consult his astrologer before deciding to go into battle, or fora businessman to check whether the planets favoured a particular deal.

Commonplace

The rise of technology has, if anything, boosted our fascination with out neighbouringplanet.Boosted

On their final approach to mars, they could just distinguish the curved outline of theplanet, shrouded in a luminous grey mist against the deep indigo of space beyond.



14/24


Distinguish

In the eerie silence, the muffled shapes they could see sitting around a guttering candlematerialised slowly into recognisable human forms.Eerie

2008

When witch-hunting, as it came to be known reached its climax, cats figured prominentlyin most of the trials of the accused.Climax

Today, the genetic make-up of the domestic cat has been manipulated by selectivebreeding so that some felines seem to bear very little resemblance to the cats of ancientEgypts homes and granaries.Manipulated

The royal party was overwhelmed by the sudden presence of Mau, who, it seemed tothem, was a re-incarnation of the cat depicted on the tomb painting of a former pharaoh.Overwhelmed

Here, giant statues towered over him, and great columns rose to the roof, where their topsmerged into paintings of reeds, papyrus flowers and lotus buds so vibrant that theyseemed to be bathed in sunlight.vibrant

the light from their burning torches reflected off Maus collar and, as the gnarled fingers

of an elderly robber fumbled at the heavy clasp and snapped it open, Mau gathered all hislittle remaining strength and emitted an ear-splitting screech.Gnarled

Answers1997

Grave seriousDevised made for the purposeDominated overriddenConscious aware of

Depicted showedSystematically deliberately done in planned stepsDecline decreaseverge on the brink, almost

1998

Exaggerated blown out of proportionCulminated adding up to



15/24


Interrupted stoppedBelt stripFitfully intermittently, in short spellsMonotonously without changeShrouded concealed, hidden

Bear take

1999

Rich abundantSpurred motivatedPlausible seemingly reasonableIn the light of in view of Contemplated consideredImminent impendingEnticing temptingOminous forbidding

2000

Home in on locateConvey expressReadily straight awayMasking hidingFutile uselessCredit acknowledgementArrogant conceited

2001

Desolate isolatedAssailed attackedDictated showedStealthily cautiouslyDetection discoveryCount on place trust inEvidence proofFade die down

2002

Significant considerableLikely probableAttracted drewTrace evidenceIn abundance in large numbersPromised guaranteedRivals competitorsSecret unknown



16/24


2003

Principally mainlyFashioned madeFlourish thrivePermanent fixed

Turn to take upLead pioneering directionsReputation standingCover pay for

2004

Impact influencePrimitive outdatedBanished discardedAngle point of viewEffectively successfully

2005

Debility state of weaknessVoraciously ravenouslyInfernal hellishEmbellishment decorationRelic remnant

2006

Harnessing musteringBid attemptIntently keenly, closelyHarvesting catchingPervasiveness being widespread

2007Distinction differenceCommonplace normal and usualBoosted increasedDistinguish make out / make clear Eerie strange and unusual / frightening

2008

Climax intense and exciting pointManipulated controlled in a skilful manner Overwhelmed filled with strong emotionVibrant vivid, brightly colouredGnarled rough and twisted



17/24


Famous last words ~This article is about wrong or humorous phrases characterised as "famous lastwords", notactual dying quotes. For actual phrases attributed to persons

near death, see the article Wikiquote:Last words.

The term famous last words has become an expression in the English language fora quote, either fictional or true, that showed a lack of foresight. Often the term isuttered after someone makes a statement that expresses undue optimism,particularly about a task they plan to undertake. The person to whom the quote isattributed to, if a real person, may or may not have been near death when the quotewas supposedly uttered. Often the quote will be based on the history, philosophy orprofession of the atributee. A "famous last words" quote is often expressed in theform of a joke.

Famous "famous last words"

"Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible."Lord Kelvin, president oftheRoyal Society, 1895.

"They couldn't hit an elephant at this dist-"Maj. Gen.John Sedgwick, U.S.Army, just before being fatally shot at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House,May 9,1864.

"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."attributed toThomas J. Watson, chairman ofIBM, 1943.

"Everything that can be invented has been invented."Charles H. Duell,Commissioner of the U.S. Office of Patents, 1899.

"Louis Pasteur's theory ofgerms is ridiculous fiction."Pierre Pachet,Professor ofPhysiology atToulouse, 1872

"No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris."Orville Wright.

"A guitars all right, John, but youll never earn your living by it."JohnLennon's Aunt Mimi.

"Stocks have reached what looks like a permanently high plateau."IrvingFisher, Professor ofEconomics,Yale University, 1929.

"Airplanes are interesting toys but of no military value."MarchalFerdinandFoch, Professor of Strategy, L'cole Suprieure de Guerre.

"We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out."DeccaRecording Co. on rejecting the Beatles, 1962.

Famous last words, i.e.: "Tomorrow, I shall no longer be here." - Nostradamus (Michelde Notre Dame) 1503-1566, or, "Drink to me!" - Picasso, Pablo (1881-1973). Theseindividuals died shortly after their famous words. Making it into; "Famous last words",hence "last words". Cheers!

http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Last_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sedgwickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orville_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Marshalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Fochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Fochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Last_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sedgwickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orville_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Marshalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Fochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Fochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962


18/24


Singapore (pinyin: Xnjip; Malay: Singapura; Tamil:Cingkappr), officially theRepublic of Singapore, is an islandcity-state located at the southern tip of the MalayPeninsula, lying 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator, south of the Malaysian stateofJohorand north ofIndonesia's Riau Islands. At 710.2 km2 (274.2 sq mi), Singapore isa microstate and the smallest nation in Southeast Asia. This is orders of magnitude larger

than Monaco and Vatican City, the only other surviving sovereign city-states.Before European settlement, the island now known as Singapore was the site of a Malayfishing village at the mouth of the Singapore River. Several hundred indigenous OrangLaut people also lived along the nearby coast, rivers and on smaller islands. In 1819, theBritish East India Company, led by Sir Stamford Raffles, established a trading post on theisland, which was used as a port along the spice route. Singapore became one of the mostimportant commercial and military centres of the British Empire, and the hub of Britishpower in Southeast Asia.During the Second World War, the British colony was occupied by the Japanese after theBattle of Singapore, which Winston Churchill called "Britain's greatest defeat".Singapore reverted to British rule in 1945, immediately after the war. Eighteen years

later, in 1963, the city, having achieved independence from Britain, merged with Malaya,Sabah, and Sarawakto form Malaysia. However, the merger proved unsuccessful, and,less than two years later, it seceded from the federation and became an independentrepublic within the Commonwealth of Nations on August 9,1965. Singapore wasadmitted to the United Nations on September 21 of that year.Since independence, Singapore's standard of living has risen dramatically. Foreign directinvestment and a state-led drive to industrialization based on plans drawn up by theDutch economist Albert Winsemius have created a modern economy focused on industry,education and urban planning. Singapore is the 5th wealthiest country in the world interms ofGDP (PPP) per capita. In December 2008, the foreign exchange reserves of thissmall island nation stood at around US$174.2billion. The Singapore government, withapproval from the President, announced in March 2009 that it would tap into her officialreserves for the first time ever, and withdraw some S$4.9 billion. The funds were thenused as part of the S$20.5 billion resilience package unveiled by Finance MinisterTharman Shanmugaratnam on 5 February 2009. As of January 2009, Singapore's officialreserves stands at US$170.3 billion.In 2009, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Singapore the tenth most expensive cityin the world in which to live ~ the third in Asia, afterTokyo and Osaka. The 2009 Costof Living survey, by consultancy firm Mercer, has ranked Singapore similarly as thetenth most expensive city for expatriates to live in.The population of Singapore is approximately 4.86 million. Singapore is highlycosmopolitan and diverse with Chinese people forming an ethnic majority with largepopulations of Malay, Indian and other people. English, Malay, Tamil, and Chinese arethe official languages.Singapore is aparliamentary republic, and the Constitution of Singapore establishesrepresentative democracy as the nation's political system. The People's Action Party(PAP) dominates the political process and has won control ofParliament in everyelection since self-government in 1959.

Majulah Singapura

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microstatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_magnitudehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monacohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-state#Sovereign_city-stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_in_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Lauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Lauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Stamford_Raffleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_routehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_livinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_direct_investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_direct_investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Winsemiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Action_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microstatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_magnitudehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monacohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-state#Sovereign_city-stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_in_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Lauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Lauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Stamford_Raffleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_routehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_livinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_direct_investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_direct_investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Winsemiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Action_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Singapore


19/24


National symbols and emblems ofSingapore

The Singapore National Pledge is an oath of allegiance toSingapore. It is commonly

recited by Singaporeans in unison at public events, especially in schools, in the Singapore

Armed Forcesand during theNational Day Parade.

The National Pledge was written by Sinnathamby Rajaratnam in 1966 shortly after

Singapore's independence. Rajaratnam revealed that the dream was to build "a Singapore

we are proud of". He believed that language,race and religion were divisive factors, but

the Pledge emphasises that these differences can be overcome if Singaporeans cared

enough about their country. The draft text was handed to the then Prime MinisterLee

Kuan Yew, who polished the text before submitting it to the Cabinet.

The Pledge

The words of the National Pledge are:

We, the citizens of Singapore pledge ourselves as one united people, regardless of race,language or religion, to build a democratic society, based on justice and equality, so as to

achieve happiness, prosperity and progress for our nation.

Coat of arms of Singapore

The coat of arms of Singapore was adopted in 1959, along with the other national symbols ofSingapore. Using elements from the national flag, the coat of arms symbolises the current stateand honours its cultural links with Malaysia. While the use of the coat of arms is restricted to thegovernment, the symbol enjoys wide use on the national currency, state decorations and appearson the cover of the national passport.

state crest Singapores present coat of arms wasintroduced on 3 December 1959, together with the

NATIONALFLAG andNATIONALANTHEM, and wasunveiled at the installation of the Yang di-Pertuan

Negara (head of state), YUSOF ISHAK, on the stepsofCITY HALL. This symbolized the attainment ofstatehood for Singapore. Prior to this, the coat ofarms that had been used to represent Singaporewas the British Royal Coat of Arms, featuring thelion and unicorn.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_and_emblems_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_Paradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_Paradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinnathamby_Rajaratnamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(classification_of_human_beings)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(classification_of_human_beings)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passport_of_Singaporehttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/n/national_anthem.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/n/national_anthem.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/n/national_anthem.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/n/national_anthem.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/y/yusof_ishak.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/y/yusof_ishak.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/y/yusof_ishak.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/y/yusof_ishak.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/y/yusof_ishak.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/y/yusof_ishak.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_and_emblems_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_Paradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinnathamby_Rajaratnamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(classification_of_human_beings)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passport_of_Singaporehttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/n/national_anthem.htmlhttp://wwww.singapedia.com.sg/entries/y/yusof_ishak.html


20/24


The state crest was designed by a committee headed by Deputy Prime MinisterTOH CHINCHYE. The crest consists of a shield emblazoned with a white crescent moon and five white starsagainst a red background. The red symbolizes universal brotherhood and equality, while the whitesignifies purity and virtue. The five stars represent five ideals: democracy, peace, progress, justiceand equality. Supporting the shield are a lion on the left and a tiger on the right. Below the shieldis a banner inscribed with the Republics motto: Majulah Singapura (Onward Singapore). Thelion represents Singapore while the tiger represents Singapores historical links with the MalayPeninsula. The state crest cannot be used for any advertisement or other commercial purpose.Only government bodies may display the crest within their premises.

Vanda Miss Joaquim (pinyin: zhujn wndiln), a hybrid orchid cultivar, isSingapore'snational flower. Significance

On April 15,1981, the Minister of Culture, S. Dhanabalan, announced that as part of an overalleffort to foster national pride and identity Vanda Miss Joaquim was chosen from amongst 40other flowers (including some 30 orchids) as Singapore's national flower. The ability ofVandaMiss Joaquim's to bloom throughout the year was considered to reflect Singapore's continuous

quest for progress and excellence in all aspects of life, and its natural resilience which is reflectedthe determination of the Singaporean people to stand fast through difficult times.

The lion head symbol was introduced in 1986 as an alternativenational symbol ofSingapore. The lion head was chosen as a logo, as it

best captures, the characteristics of Singapore's reputation as a Lion City.It is used in less formal occasions mainly to promote Singapore's national

identity. When it was first unveiled, some sections of the public feltthat it should have been facing rightwards to represent a more forwardlooking nature. However, the original left-facing lion was maintained.

According to the Singapore government:

The lion head symbolises courage, strength and excellence, as well as resiliencein the face of challenges. It is in solid red against a white background - the colours

of the national flag. Its mane's five partings represent the same five ideals that areembodied in the five stars of the national flag, namely democracy, peace, progress,

justice and equality. Its tenacious mane symbolises the nation's single-minded resolve to rise toany challenges and overcome any obstacles

The Merlion (pinyin: Ywish; Malay: Harimau-Laut; Tamil: ) is an imaginarycreature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish. Its name combines "mer" meaning the seaand "lion". The fish body comes from Singapore's ancient name back when it was a fishingvillage~ Temasek~ meaning "sea town" in Javanese. The lion head represents Singapore's

original name ~ Singapura~ meaning "lion city" or "kota singa" in Sanskrit and Malay.

The symbol was designed by Mr Fraser Brunner, a member of the Souvenir Committee andcurator of the Van Kleef Aquarium, for the logo of the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) in usefrom 26 March 1964 to 1997. The Merlion continues to be its trademarksymbol since 20 July1966. Although the STB changed their logo in 1997, the STB Act continues to protect theMerlion symbol. Approval must be received from STB before it can be used. The Merlionappears frequently in STB-approved souvenirs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_flowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._Dhanabalanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_emblem#Symbolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temasekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Van_Kleef_Aquarium&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Tourism_Boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souvenirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_flowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._Dhanabalanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_emblem#Symbolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temasekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Van_Kleef_Aquarium&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Tourism_Boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souvenir


21/24


Merlion statues ~ These five Merlions in Singapore are the only ones recognised by theSTB::

The original statue at Merlion Park

The two-metre tall cub statue standing behind the original statue

The 37-metre tall gigantic replica with Mouth Gallery Viewing Deck on the ninth

storey, another viewing gallery on its head and The Merlion Shop at Sentosa Island The three-metre tall glazed polymarble statue at Tourism Court (nearGrange Road)

completed in 1995

The three-metre tall polymarble statue placed onMount Faber's Faber Point

The national flag of Singapore was first adopted in 1959, the yearSingapore became self-governing within the British Empire. It wasreconfirmed as the national flag when the Republic gainedindependence on 9 August 1965. The design is a horizontal bicolourof red above white, charged in the canton by a whitecrescent moonfacing, toward the fly, a pentagon of five small white five-pointed

stars. The elements of the flag denote a young nation on the ascendant, universal brotherhood andequality, and national ideals.

Singapore Flag Meaning:

The red represents universal brotherhood and equality of man and the white stands for purity andvirtue. The crescent moon, symbolizes the young nation of Singapore on the rise and the fivestars represent the country's ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality.

Singapore Flag History:The Singapore flag was adopted on December 3, 1959. Singapore gainedindependence from Malaysia on August 9, 1965. In 1963, Singapore joinedwith Malaya, North Borneo (now Sabah) and Sarawak to form the Federation

of Malaysia but left in 1959.

Interesting Singapore Facts:The Singapore flag was originally designed with three stars, until thecountry's leaders expressed concern that Singapore might be perceived to beassociated with the Malayan Communist Party, as their flag also had threestars. The Singapore flag was also meant to be red, as red is a verytraditional Chinese color and the majority of Singapore's population isChinese, but the idea was scrapped as red was associated with communism.

The British Union Jack flew over Singapore for 140 years, from 1819to 1959.

The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Historically, the flagwas used throughout the British Empire. It retains an official or semi-officialstatus in some Commonwealth Realms, e.g. in Canada, where it is known asthe Royal Union Flag. The current design dates from the Union of GreatBritain and Ireland in 1801.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlion_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlion_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism_Court&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grange_Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Faberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Faberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Faberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faber_Point&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_flaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Realmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Union_1800http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Union_1800http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlion_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism_Court&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grange_Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Faberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faber_Point&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_flaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Realmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Union_1800http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Union_1800


22/24


St Andrews Cross (Scotland) St Georges Cross (England) St Patricks Cross (Ireland)

unofficial union flag 1606 (Scotland) Union Flag 1707 (Great Britain) Union Flag 1801 (UK of GB &I ) (UK of GB & NI)

Rules defined by the Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Actgovern the use and display of the national flag. These rules have beenrelaxed in order to allow citizens to fly the flag from vehicles during nationalholidays and from homes at any time of the year.

The standard used by the President of Singapore is a modificationof the national flag. The crescent and the stars are bigger and

centred on a field of red. According to the Istana, the Office of thePresident of Singapore, the red background and the crescent andstars have the same symbolism as in the national flag. Thestandard is flown at the Istana from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm, or untilthe President has left for his private residence.[55]

Design your own flag

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istana_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Singapore#cite_note-presstd-54%23cite_note-presstd-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Standard_of_the_President_of_Singapore.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c6/Union_Flag_Component_Flags2.PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istana_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Singapore#cite_note-presstd-54%23cite_note-presstd-54


23/24




24/24


Documents

Sec 4 Sem 2 Wek 7 National Day, Vocab 08 and Reflective Essay Writing