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Lesson objectives ~ Answering close passages, National day and ten challenges
facing Singapore (free response).
SM: Guard against religious enclavesRising religiosity may lead people to mix only with others of same faithBy Clarissa Oon, Senior Political Correspondent
Exception Substantial Ample Congestion Unwittingly Spiritual
Fomenting Flagged Cohesion Compartmentalisation potential
Han
SENIOR Minister Goh Chok Tong sees a (1) danger arising from
Singaporeans becoming more religious.
It can lead to people of the same faith mixing only with each other, which over time
could result in '(2) of our society by religion', he said.
Should this happen, there is a great possibility of religious misunderstanding and conflict,
he said at a National Day dinner in Marine Parade yesterday, in a speech on the
challenges facing the Singapore of tomorrow.
Mr Goh's signalling of the need for social (3) and inter-religious harmony isthe second in two days by a top government leader.
Deputy Prime Minister Wong Kan Seng did so on Saturday, citing conflicts outside
Singapore such as last month's violent clashes between Uighur Muslims and (4) Chinese
in China's Xinjiang province.
Their messages reinforce a concern (5) in the past month by a few other
members of the Cabinet.
Yesterday, Mr Goh spelt out the fundamentals that must stay un-changed for Singapore to
guard against (6) tensions.
It has a secular government which represents Singaporeans of 'all beliefs, including those
without a religion'.
'Hence, as a principle, public institutions or private organisations which receive public
funding are not permitted to impose or advocate any religious belief or practice.
Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance. Samuel Johnson: 1
C.R.SNO:1052
149,Rochor Road Fu Lu Shou Complex #04-13, Singapore188425
Tel: 63372048 63375476 Fax:63378232 Website: www.jiang.edu.sgName: _______________________________ Time: __________ Day: _________
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'This must remain the foundation of our inter-religious harmony,' he stressed.
For that reason too, there are policies ensuring public housing estates and schools remain
common secular spaces, 'where nobody is made to feel uncomfortable whatever his
colour or beliefs'.
Mr Goh pointed out that the Government sees religion as a positive force in society,
giving '(7) guidance to help us cope with a fast-changing world'.
However, rising religiosity may lead people, (8) , to form religious
enclaves, unless a conscious effort is made to continue socialising with people of other
faiths, he said.
If such religiosity 'encroaches on our common secular space, or worse, the practice of
other religions, (it) must result in a push-back by others'.
The theme of growing religious fervour made up a (9) part of Mr Goh's
speech, which made the key point that in Singapore's successes 'are embedded the seeds
of new challenges'.
The economy, for one, has grown 125 times from $2 billion half a century ago to $250
billion today.
This dramatic growth has given rise to new socio-economic challenges.
Mr Goh identified 10, to be borne largely by the next generation.
Exception Substantial Ample Congestion Unwittingly SpiritualFomenting Flagged Cohesion Compartmentalisation potential
Han
They range from maintaining high economic growth to social issues such as minimising
urban (10) .
He also cited other problems, such as raising the birth rate and providing affordable care
and jobs for the future elderly in Singapore.
However, Mr Goh is confident that the next generation can tackle the new challenges.
They have four factors in their favour: (11) financial resources, a growing talent
pool, strong political leadership and a cohesive society enjoying racial and religious
harmony for four decades.
But Mr Goh warned against taking it for granted, saying 'ours is a society with inherent
cracks'. Grassroots leaders interviewed shared his concern. However, Residents'
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Committee member Edward Chua, 49, cautioned against overstating it because 'religious
people can be trusted to exercise their faith responsibly and for the good of society'.
On the other hand, Mr R. Kalaichelvan, treasurer of the Marine Parade Community
Complex, felt 'we must send a clear message to everyone that we have a secular society,
and religion can only be practised in the private space'.
The (12) would be if there are opportunities where religious groups can work
together, then they should be brought into the common space, said the 51-year-old.
Exception Substantial Ample Congestion Unwittingly Spiritual
Fomenting Flagged Cohesion Compartmentalisation potential
Han
10 challenges for the next generation: SMSuccess creates its own problems, said Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong yesterday when
he spelt out the 10 challenges facing the next generation. He highlighted them by posing
questions to Cabinet ministers, families and the young.1 High growth: Amid global competition, can you maintain Singapore's high economic
growth and keep on improving our standard of living?
In 1959, thousands of Singaporeans lived in slums and squalor. Today, more than 90 per
cent own their homes.
2 Life will get better: How do you, as leaders, convince Singaporeans of that when they
are already living in good-quality public and private housing?
3 Transport: How does the Transport Minister satisfy the demands for comfort,
convenience, congestion-free travel and punctuality of services and expectation of
affordable fares, ERP and parking charges?
4 Health care: Can the Health Minister stamp out diseases linked to an affluent lifestyle,
such as diabetes and cancer? And keep health-care costs down and affordable?
If we live till 90, we would probably have to work till 75 to have enough savings for a
cosy retirement of 15 years.
5 Worker training: Can the Manpower Minister and the labour chief design a new
training programme, Workfare (a wage supplement for working low-income
Singaporeans) and a Jobs Credit wage subsidy scheme for grandparents and maybe even
great-grandparents?
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6 More babies: What will get our young to marry and have children? Any creative ideas
on procreation, Mr Goh asks parents and the young.
7 Ageing: Today, 9 per cent of our population are over 65 years of age. By 2030, it will
more than double to 20 per cent.
How do we support so many senior citizens, he asks the chairman of the Ministerial
Committee on Ageing.
How will we look after our parents and grandparents? Will you build more community
hospitals, nursing and old folk's homes, and keep them affordable?
8 Scarce land: In the last 50 years, land area has been expanded by more than 20 per cent,
through reclamation.
How much more land can Singapore reclaim over the next 50 years, he asks the Minister
for National Development.
As the population and the economy grow, how will Singapore deal with the potential
over-crowding problem?
9 Education: Bright students will be sought after internationally, chipping away at
Singapore's talent pyramid at the top. Mr Goh considers this one of the most serious
threats to Singapore's long-term survival and says it has to be solved now.
His questions for the Prime Minister, Education Minister, schools and families: How do
we bond students going abroad to Singapore, physically if possible, and if not, at least
emotionally? How do we ensure most will return home and contribute to Singapore?
How do we ensure there will always be a core of honest, able and dedicated Singaporeans
to look after the country and their fellow men?
10 Religious harmony: For four decades, Singapore has enjoyed racial and religious
harmony. How do the people of Singapore ensure that Singaporeans of different faiths
will continue to mix with one another and respect one another's faith?
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Try to ascertain the meaning of the words given below
1997GraveDevisedDominatedConscious ofDepictedSystematicallyDeclineVerge
1998
ExaggeratedCulminatingInterruptedBeltFitfullyMonotonouslyShroudedBear
1999Rich
SpurredPlausibleIn the light ofContemplatedImminentEnticingOminous
2000Home in onConvey
ReadilyRangeMakingFutileCreditArrogant
2001
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DesolateAssailedDictatedStealthilyDetection
Count onEvidenceFade
2002SignificantLikelyAttractedTraceIn abundancePromised
RivalsSecret
2003PrincipallyFashionedFlourishPermanentTurn toLeadReputationLeadReputationCover
2004ImpactPrimitiveBanishedAngleEffectively
2005DebilityVoraciouslyInfernalEmbellishmentRelic
2006
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HarnessingBidIntentlyHarvestingPervasiveness
2007DistinctionCommonplaceBoostedDistinguishEerie
2008ClimaxManipulated
OverwhelmedVibrantGnarled
Did that exercise seem difficult?How about when the Vocabulary words are in context?
1997
Despite this, there was a grave disadvantage in being a totem animal because if an animal
was the totem of some sacred tribe, it could be attacked or destroyed by their enemiesGrave
The most obvious example was n sheer strength. The lion and elephant were clearlymuch stronger than humans so circus acts were devised in which the strength of theanimals was dominated by human intelligence;Devised
The lion and elephant were clearly much stronger than humans so circus acts weredevised in which the strength of the animals was dominated by human intelligence;Dominated
Conscious oftheir limitations, zoos have struggled to develop a style of zoo-keepingwhich gives animals living conditions that are as close as possible to the way they wouldlive is still in the wild.Conscious of
Animals were depicted in early films as savage killers attacking the hero or being gunneddown by brave hunters in the name of sport.
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Depicted
Animals also suffered at the hands of man in that they were gradually but systematicallydestroyed by Europeans to make way for agricultural land to provide food for a fast-growing population.
Systematically
Tourist pollution is considered the main cause in the dramatic decline of the numbers ofcertain predatory animals like the cheetah and leopard.Decline
Many fascinating species of animals are today on the verge of extinction and the list isdepressingly long.Verge
1998
Somehow I convinced him that his fears were exaggerated.Exaggerated
Above me towered a steep slope culminating in a sheer, grey cliff.Culminating
Only to the west was the view interrupted by a bank of cloud.Interrupted
Towards evening I reached a thickbelt of jungle.Belt
I slept only fitfully.Fitfully
In its depths a bell-bird was calling monotonously.Monotonously
Jungle once more shrouded the path I was following.Shrouded
I stood and shouted, as loudly as my lungs would bear it, to the four points of the
compass.Bear
Disasters at sea are rich in examples of superhuman skill and determination and onoccasion, criminal negligence, and sometimes more sinister behaviour.Rich
1999
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Competition for contracts in the prestigious and lucrative business of the transatlantic runhad spurred the major competition to build increasingly larger and faster vessels.Spurred
Their claim that the Titanic was unsinkable was plausible but unfortunate in the light of
subsequent events.Plausible
Their claim that the Titanic was unsinkable was plausible but unfortunate in the light ofsubsequent eventsIn the light of
This was originally contemplated by the builders, but they later rejected the idea.Contemplated
At noon on 10 April 1912 a long blast on Titanics whistle signalled herimminent
departure.Imminent
Although the owner had earlier declared that there was no point in driving the ship toohard, the possibility of an early arrival in New York was too enticing to ignore;Enticing
Meanwhile, as one of the lookouts neared the end of his watch, an ominous smudgeabout the size of his loomed on the horizon dead ahead. Ominous
2000
Bats home in on flying insects that are their food by means of a sophisticated soundsystem.Home in on
Not that we dont have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions conveyout emotions such as anger, or joy or disappointment.Convey
Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our human beings acquire thisamazing skillsReadily
The next phase in the growth of language would have been the way our bodies developedto enable us to utter a growing range of varied sounds.Range
The effortless was a child learns to talk and the automatic understanding that it promptsin its listeners are masking a system of great richness and complexity.Masking
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Certainly they dont attempt to provide basic grammar lessons for their infants; thatwould be futile.Futile
In fact, children themselves deserve most of the credit for the language they acquire.Credit
Yet the possession of the distinctive skill that is language should not make us tooarrogant.Arrogant
2001
The first stage of our march lay through desolate and dangerous country called the DeadLand.Desolate
But it wasnt the tsetse fly that now assailed us.Assailed
Next morning, we set off, following the direction our map and compass dictated.Dictated
We walked stealthily on until we caught sight of a river below and a harbour close by.Stealthily
If we could only avoid detection in the dark woods until nightfall, or until the rain came
in the afternoon, we had a chance of getting away.Detection
I count on you to get back with news of what weve discovered.Count on
Even as I spoke, fresh evidence of the progress of our enemies was coming onto thescene.Evidence
Soon they began to fade into the distance.
Fade
2002
Then came othersignificant discoveries there the fossilised remains of skulls, notaltogether human but with features markedly similar to those of humans.Significant
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Such finds, together with the strangely-shaped stones, were likely evidence of creatureswhich were developing a primitive intelligence, and not replying just on jaws and teeth toget their food.Likely
When a creature died on the open plains of Africa, the scent of its decay sooner or laterattracted other animals of all kinds.Attracted
Hardly any trace of its existence would be left.Trace
Two million years ago, the gorge at Olduvai would have held a great lake, and around itsshores animals would have swarmed in abundance.In abundance
Circling vultures promised the remains of some animal killed not far away, a meal forthe taking of they got there soon enough.Promised
This communication undoubtedly gave them the edge over many of their four-footedrivals in prising out the secret scraps of energy-giving food that dotted the landscape.Rivals
This communication undoubtedly gave them the edge over many of their four-footedrivals in prising out the secret scraps of energy-giving food that dotted the landscape.Secret
2003
A warriors armour could be worth a hundred oxen and even human beings, principallythose were employed as servants could be valued in terms of cattle.Principally
Being fashioned out of metal, they had a special value, since it required a good deal oflabour to extract metal from the earth.Fashioned
The emergence of this new money encouraged an increase in merchants and trades, who
in turn ensured that this use of coins would continue to flourish.Flourish
These pieces of paper first appeared in general use in the 9th century AD and thereafterfound a permanent place in Chinese money.Permanent
Other countries did not turn to this idea for another six hundred years.
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Turn to
Later on, other countries were to follow the lead of China and produce metal coins.Lead
Their value earned them a widespread reputation as money worth acquiring.Reputation
To cover some of the expenses, less of the precious metals would be included in theirproduction.Cover
2004
Our behaviour, also, has felt the impact of modern technology.Impact
Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.Primitive
The motor-car has been blamed for its polluting effects and see its demands for more andmore roads, but it has banished the time-consuming and uncomfortable journeys enduredin horse-drawn vehicles.Banished
Initially they protested but then they saw things from my angle.Angle
A flying elbow from him caught Zang in the stomach and that effectively ended the racefor Zang.Effectively
2005
Next day came a further sign of our growing debility.Debility
Nevertheless we drank it voraciously, sand, mud, and all.Voraciously
At last we were certain that we had escaped from that infernal land.Infernal
The butterflys colouring is not just forembellishment.Embellishment
There is a theory that this is just a relic of the co-operative animal behaviour which welearnt as hunters at an early stage in our evolution.
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Relic
2006
Finally harnessing all its strength into one last bid for freedom, it thrashed again andagain until one o the chains snapped and an anchor broke free.
Harnessing
Finally harnessing all its strength into one last bid for freedom, it thrashed again andagain until one o the chains snapped and an anchor broke free.Bid
The humpback was struggling to obtain enough air but it watched the divers intently, oneblack and white eye the size of a human fist following their every move.Intently
However, these oceans also provide for life on earth in a more direct way, in the
harvesting of fish and other sea creatures for food.Harvesting
The other man-made problem is the pervasiveness of marine litter from pole to pole.Pervasiveness
Well, if that was frustrating, remember the range of words offeredto you during your O levels to prevent further frustration, please
check your dictionaries for other meanings for the followingwords!
2007
In those early days, there was no cleardistinction between astrology a belief in theinfluence of the stars on our everyday lives and astronomy the scientific study ofthem.Distinction
Although there is no scientific evidence for these beliefs, it would once have beencommonplace for a ruler to consult his astrologer before deciding to go into battle, or fora businessman to check whether the planets favoured a particular deal.
Commonplace
The rise of technology has, if anything, boosted our fascination with out neighbouringplanet.Boosted
On their final approach to mars, they could just distinguish the curved outline of theplanet, shrouded in a luminous grey mist against the deep indigo of space beyond.
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Distinguish
In the eerie silence, the muffled shapes they could see sitting around a guttering candlematerialised slowly into recognisable human forms.Eerie
2008
When witch-hunting, as it came to be known reached its climax, cats figured prominentlyin most of the trials of the accused.Climax
Today, the genetic make-up of the domestic cat has been manipulated by selectivebreeding so that some felines seem to bear very little resemblance to the cats of ancientEgypts homes and granaries.Manipulated
The royal party was overwhelmed by the sudden presence of Mau, who, it seemed tothem, was a re-incarnation of the cat depicted on the tomb painting of a former pharaoh.Overwhelmed
Here, giant statues towered over him, and great columns rose to the roof, where their topsmerged into paintings of reeds, papyrus flowers and lotus buds so vibrant that theyseemed to be bathed in sunlight.vibrant
the light from their burning torches reflected off Maus collar and, as the gnarled fingers
of an elderly robber fumbled at the heavy clasp and snapped it open, Mau gathered all hislittle remaining strength and emitted an ear-splitting screech.Gnarled
Answers1997
Grave seriousDevised made for the purposeDominated overriddenConscious aware of
Depicted showedSystematically deliberately done in planned stepsDecline decreaseverge on the brink, almost
1998
Exaggerated blown out of proportionCulminated adding up to
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Interrupted stoppedBelt stripFitfully intermittently, in short spellsMonotonously without changeShrouded concealed, hidden
Bear take
1999
Rich abundantSpurred motivatedPlausible seemingly reasonableIn the light of in view of Contemplated consideredImminent impendingEnticing temptingOminous forbidding
2000
Home in on locateConvey expressReadily straight awayMasking hidingFutile uselessCredit acknowledgementArrogant conceited
2001
Desolate isolatedAssailed attackedDictated showedStealthily cautiouslyDetection discoveryCount on place trust inEvidence proofFade die down
2002
Significant considerableLikely probableAttracted drewTrace evidenceIn abundance in large numbersPromised guaranteedRivals competitorsSecret unknown
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2003
Principally mainlyFashioned madeFlourish thrivePermanent fixed
Turn to take upLead pioneering directionsReputation standingCover pay for
2004
Impact influencePrimitive outdatedBanished discardedAngle point of viewEffectively successfully
2005
Debility state of weaknessVoraciously ravenouslyInfernal hellishEmbellishment decorationRelic remnant
2006
Harnessing musteringBid attemptIntently keenly, closelyHarvesting catchingPervasiveness being widespread
2007Distinction differenceCommonplace normal and usualBoosted increasedDistinguish make out / make clear Eerie strange and unusual / frightening
2008
Climax intense and exciting pointManipulated controlled in a skilful manner Overwhelmed filled with strong emotionVibrant vivid, brightly colouredGnarled rough and twisted
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Famous last words ~This article is about wrong or humorous phrases characterised as "famous lastwords", notactual dying quotes. For actual phrases attributed to persons
near death, see the article Wikiquote:Last words.
The term famous last words has become an expression in the English language fora quote, either fictional or true, that showed a lack of foresight. Often the term isuttered after someone makes a statement that expresses undue optimism,particularly about a task they plan to undertake. The person to whom the quote isattributed to, if a real person, may or may not have been near death when the quotewas supposedly uttered. Often the quote will be based on the history, philosophy orprofession of the atributee. A "famous last words" quote is often expressed in theform of a joke.
Famous "famous last words"
"Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible."Lord Kelvin, president oftheRoyal Society, 1895.
"They couldn't hit an elephant at this dist-"Maj. Gen.John Sedgwick, U.S.Army, just before being fatally shot at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House,May 9,1864.
"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."attributed toThomas J. Watson, chairman ofIBM, 1943.
"Everything that can be invented has been invented."Charles H. Duell,Commissioner of the U.S. Office of Patents, 1899.
"Louis Pasteur's theory ofgerms is ridiculous fiction."Pierre Pachet,Professor ofPhysiology atToulouse, 1872
"No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris."Orville Wright.
"A guitars all right, John, but youll never earn your living by it."JohnLennon's Aunt Mimi.
"Stocks have reached what looks like a permanently high plateau."IrvingFisher, Professor ofEconomics,Yale University, 1929.
"Airplanes are interesting toys but of no military value."MarchalFerdinandFoch, Professor of Strategy, L'cole Suprieure de Guerre.
"We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out."DeccaRecording Co. on rejecting the Beatles, 1962.
Famous last words, i.e.: "Tomorrow, I shall no longer be here." - Nostradamus (Michelde Notre Dame) 1503-1566, or, "Drink to me!" - Picasso, Pablo (1881-1973). Theseindividuals died shortly after their famous words. Making it into; "Famous last words",hence "last words". Cheers!
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http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Last_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sedgwickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orville_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Marshalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Fochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Fochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Last_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sedgwickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orville_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Marshalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Fochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Fochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19627/27/2019 Sec 4 Sem 2 Wek 7 National Day, Vocab 08 and Reflective Essay Writing
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Singapore (pinyin: Xnjip; Malay: Singapura; Tamil:Cingkappr), officially theRepublic of Singapore, is an islandcity-state located at the southern tip of the MalayPeninsula, lying 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator, south of the Malaysian stateofJohorand north ofIndonesia's Riau Islands. At 710.2 km2 (274.2 sq mi), Singapore isa microstate and the smallest nation in Southeast Asia. This is orders of magnitude larger
than Monaco and Vatican City, the only other surviving sovereign city-states.Before European settlement, the island now known as Singapore was the site of a Malayfishing village at the mouth of the Singapore River. Several hundred indigenous OrangLaut people also lived along the nearby coast, rivers and on smaller islands. In 1819, theBritish East India Company, led by Sir Stamford Raffles, established a trading post on theisland, which was used as a port along the spice route. Singapore became one of the mostimportant commercial and military centres of the British Empire, and the hub of Britishpower in Southeast Asia.During the Second World War, the British colony was occupied by the Japanese after theBattle of Singapore, which Winston Churchill called "Britain's greatest defeat".Singapore reverted to British rule in 1945, immediately after the war. Eighteen years
later, in 1963, the city, having achieved independence from Britain, merged with Malaya,Sabah, and Sarawakto form Malaysia. However, the merger proved unsuccessful, and,less than two years later, it seceded from the federation and became an independentrepublic within the Commonwealth of Nations on August 9,1965. Singapore wasadmitted to the United Nations on September 21 of that year.Since independence, Singapore's standard of living has risen dramatically. Foreign directinvestment and a state-led drive to industrialization based on plans drawn up by theDutch economist Albert Winsemius have created a modern economy focused on industry,education and urban planning. Singapore is the 5th wealthiest country in the world interms ofGDP (PPP) per capita. In December 2008, the foreign exchange reserves of thissmall island nation stood at around US$174.2billion. The Singapore government, withapproval from the President, announced in March 2009 that it would tap into her officialreserves for the first time ever, and withdraw some S$4.9 billion. The funds were thenused as part of the S$20.5 billion resilience package unveiled by Finance MinisterTharman Shanmugaratnam on 5 February 2009. As of January 2009, Singapore's officialreserves stands at US$170.3 billion.In 2009, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Singapore the tenth most expensive cityin the world in which to live ~ the third in Asia, afterTokyo and Osaka. The 2009 Costof Living survey, by consultancy firm Mercer, has ranked Singapore similarly as thetenth most expensive city for expatriates to live in.The population of Singapore is approximately 4.86 million. Singapore is highlycosmopolitan and diverse with Chinese people forming an ethnic majority with largepopulations of Malay, Indian and other people. English, Malay, Tamil, and Chinese arethe official languages.Singapore is aparliamentary republic, and the Constitution of Singapore establishesrepresentative democracy as the nation's political system. The People's Action Party(PAP) dominates the political process and has won control ofParliament in everyelection since self-government in 1959.
Majulah Singapura
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore
Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance. Samuel Johnson: 18
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ia.org/wiki/Representative_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Action_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Singapore7/27/2019 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National symbols and emblems ofSingapore
The Singapore National Pledge is an oath of allegiance toSingapore. It is commonly
recited by Singaporeans in unison at public events, especially in schools, in the Singapore
Armed Forcesand during theNational Day Parade.
The National Pledge was written by Sinnathamby Rajaratnam in 1966 shortly after
Singapore's independence. Rajaratnam revealed that the dream was to build "a Singapore
we are proud of". He believed that language,race and religion were divisive factors, but
the Pledge emphasises that these differences can be overcome if Singaporeans cared
enough about their country. The draft text was handed to the then Prime MinisterLee
Kuan Yew, who polished the text before submitting it to the Cabinet.
The Pledge
The words of the National Pledge are:
We, the citizens of Singapore pledge ourselves as one united people, regardless of race,language or religion, to build a democratic society, based on justice and equality, so as to
achieve happiness, prosperity and progress for our nation.
Coat of arms of Singapore
The coat of arms of Singapore was adopted in 1959, along with the other national symbols ofSingapore. Using elements from the national flag, the coat of arms symbolises the current stateand honours its cultural links with Malaysia. While the use of the coat of arms is restricted to thegovernment, the symbol enjoys wide use on the national currency, state decorations and appearson the cover of the national passport.
state crest Singapores present coat of arms wasintroduced on 3 December 1959, together with the
NATIONALFLAG andNATIONALANTHEM, and wasunveiled at the installation of the Yang di-Pertuan
Negara (head of state), YUSOF ISHAK, on the stepsofCITY HALL. This symbolized the attainment ofstatehood for Singapore. Prior to this, the coat ofarms that had been used to represent Singaporewas the British Royal Coat of Arms, featuring thelion and unicorn.
Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance. Samuel Johnson: 19
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The state crest was designed by a committee headed by Deputy Prime MinisterTOH CHINCHYE. The crest consists of a shield emblazoned with a white crescent moon and five white starsagainst a red background. The red symbolizes universal brotherhood and equality, while the whitesignifies purity and virtue. The five stars represent five ideals: democracy, peace, progress, justiceand equality. Supporting the shield are a lion on the left and a tiger on the right. Below the shieldis a banner inscribed with the Republics motto: Majulah Singapura (Onward Singapore). Thelion represents Singapore while the tiger represents Singapores historical links with the MalayPeninsula. The state crest cannot be used for any advertisement or other commercial purpose.Only government bodies may display the crest within their premises.
Vanda Miss Joaquim (pinyin: zhujn wndiln), a hybrid orchid cultivar, isSingapore'snational flower. Significance
On April 15,1981, the Minister of Culture, S. Dhanabalan, announced that as part of an overalleffort to foster national pride and identity Vanda Miss Joaquim was chosen from amongst 40other flowers (including some 30 orchids) as Singapore's national flower. The ability ofVandaMiss Joaquim's to bloom throughout the year was considered to reflect Singapore's continuous
quest for progress and excellence in all aspects of life, and its natural resilience which is reflectedthe determination of the Singaporean people to stand fast through difficult times.
The lion head symbol was introduced in 1986 as an alternativenational symbol ofSingapore. The lion head was chosen as a logo, as it
best captures, the characteristics of Singapore's reputation as a Lion City.It is used in less formal occasions mainly to promote Singapore's national
identity. When it was first unveiled, some sections of the public feltthat it should have been facing rightwards to represent a more forwardlooking nature. However, the original left-facing lion was maintained.
According to the Singapore government:
The lion head symbolises courage, strength and excellence, as well as resiliencein the face of challenges. It is in solid red against a white background - the colours
of the national flag. Its mane's five partings represent the same five ideals that areembodied in the five stars of the national flag, namely democracy, peace, progress,
justice and equality. Its tenacious mane symbolises the nation's single-minded resolve to rise toany challenges and overcome any obstacles
The Merlion (pinyin: Ywish; Malay: Harimau-Laut; Tamil: ) is an imaginarycreature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish. Its name combines "mer" meaning the seaand "lion". The fish body comes from Singapore's ancient name back when it was a fishingvillage~ Temasek~ meaning "sea town" in Javanese. The lion head represents Singapore's
original name ~ Singapura~ meaning "lion city" or "kota singa" in Sanskrit and Malay.
The symbol was designed by Mr Fraser Brunner, a member of the Souvenir Committee andcurator of the Van Kleef Aquarium, for the logo of the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) in usefrom 26 March 1964 to 1997. The Merlion continues to be its trademarksymbol since 20 July1966. Although the STB changed their logo in 1997, the STB Act continues to protect theMerlion symbol. Approval must be received from STB before it can be used. The Merlionappears frequently in STB-approved souvenirs.
Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance. Samuel Johnson: 20
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Merlion statues ~ These five Merlions in Singapore are the only ones recognised by theSTB::
The original statue at Merlion Park
The two-metre tall cub statue standing behind the original statue
The 37-metre tall gigantic replica with Mouth Gallery Viewing Deck on the ninth
storey, another viewing gallery on its head and The Merlion Shop at Sentosa Island The three-metre tall glazed polymarble statue at Tourism Court (nearGrange Road)
completed in 1995
The three-metre tall polymarble statue placed onMount Faber's Faber Point
The national flag of Singapore was first adopted in 1959, the yearSingapore became self-governing within the British Empire. It wasreconfirmed as the national flag when the Republic gainedindependence on 9 August 1965. The design is a horizontal bicolourof red above white, charged in the canton by a whitecrescent moonfacing, toward the fly, a pentagon of five small white five-pointed
stars. The elements of the flag denote a young nation on the ascendant, universal brotherhood andequality, and national ideals.
Singapore Flag Meaning:
The red represents universal brotherhood and equality of man and the white stands for purity andvirtue. The crescent moon, symbolizes the young nation of Singapore on the rise and the fivestars represent the country's ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality.
Singapore Flag History:The Singapore flag was adopted on December 3, 1959. Singapore gainedindependence from Malaysia on August 9, 1965. In 1963, Singapore joinedwith Malaya, North Borneo (now Sabah) and Sarawak to form the Federation
of Malaysia but left in 1959.
Interesting Singapore Facts:The Singapore flag was originally designed with three stars, until thecountry's leaders expressed concern that Singapore might be perceived to beassociated with the Malayan Communist Party, as their flag also had threestars. The Singapore flag was also meant to be red, as red is a verytraditional Chinese color and the majority of Singapore's population isChinese, but the idea was scrapped as red was associated with communism.
The British Union Jack flew over Singapore for 140 years, from 1819to 1959.
The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Historically, the flagwas used throughout the British Empire. It retains an official or semi-officialstatus in some Commonwealth Realms, e.g. in Canada, where it is known asthe Royal Union Flag. The current design dates from the Union of GreatBritain and Ireland in 1801.
Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance. Samuel Johnson: 21
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St Andrews Cross (Scotland) St Georges Cross (England) St Patricks Cross (Ireland)
unofficial union flag 1606 (Scotland) Union Flag 1707 (Great Britain) Union Flag 1801 (UK of GB &I ) (UK of GB & NI)
Rules defined by the Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Actgovern the use and display of the national flag. These rules have beenrelaxed in order to allow citizens to fly the flag from vehicles during nationalholidays and from homes at any time of the year.
The standard used by the President of Singapore is a modificationof the national flag. The crescent and the stars are bigger and
centred on a field of red. According to the Istana, the Office of thePresident of Singapore, the red background and the crescent andstars have the same symbolism as in the national flag. Thestandard is flown at the Istana from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm, or untilthe President has left for his private residence.[55]
Design your own flag
Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance. Samuel Johnson: 22
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Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance. Samuel Johnson: 23
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