SEAL 2012 - Position Papers

8/2/2019 SEAL 2012 - Position Papers

1/24

UIQJ]JIG UOUB[Q @I[ ]LB QIR]LBOQ] OQJO

ODB[JAOGOHRDGJZIR]LAIG@B[BGAB,QBOH;5?;*

]LBDB?3[IHBI@FIPB[GDBG]JGOQBOG

Dohozqjo

?'?K{ojgM{ojg

Dohozqjoloqbq}okhjqlbmogojdi`kbaidjgfoljfljgaidbogmu{if{bqqjpbairg}{zkz}lbzbo{

;5;5']ioaaiduhjql}ljq}o{fb}(gbvuihjazu{iuiqohq(q}{o}bfjbqogmu{if{odqlopbkbbgqnb}albm

jg}lbGbvBaigidjaDimbhogm}lb]bg}lDohozqjoUhogvljaljqu{bqbg}hzkbjgfjduhbdbg}bm'

Jggipo}jpbogma{bo}jpbvi{nì{abqo{bigbi`}lbnbzòa}i{q}i{bohjsb}ljqoquj{o}jig']ljqjqvlb{b

}lbk{ojgm{ojgjqqrbi{}lbdjf{o}jigi`}ohbg}oa{iqqgo}jigki{mb{qbdb{fbq'K{ojgm{ojgloqgi}

{bohhz kbbg og jqqrb ì{ Dohozqjo( gi} rg}jh }lb hoq} mbaomb'Vb }bgm }i hiqbdi{b i` ir{ fiim

midbq}ja }ohbg}q oq }lb zbo{q uoqq kz ogm }ljq vjhh ab{}ojghz o``ba} }lb f{iv}l i` }ljq airg}{z'

Oaai{mjgf}i}lbVi{hmKogn(}lbgrdkb{i`Dohozqjogdjf{og}q{iqbkzdi{b}log?55$ìhmjgo=2$

zbo{ub{jim( `{id :(260Dohozqjogq jg ?:05 }i?(=


2/24

Dohozqjogqqlirhmkbu{irmi`}lbj{airg}{zogmvi{nlogmjglogm}iaig}{jkr}bogmkbuo{}i`

Dohozqjoqbaigidja{bpihr}jig'_ri}bmkzCilg@'Nbggbmz>oqngi}vlo}zir{airg}{zaogmi`i{zir(oqnvlo}ziraogmi`i{zir{airg}{z'

[bqbo{alhjgnq3

l}}u3))vvv'}ohbg}ai{u'aid'dz)

l}}u3))qj}b{bqir{abq'vi{hmkogn'i{f)JG]U[IQUBA]Q)[bqir{abq)11=:1=$

??::


3/24

?';[bpodujgfBmrao}jig

]lojhogm

]lbu{ikhbdj`brj}zjgbmrao}jig{bdojgqoqqb{jirqu{ikhbdjg]lojhogm'Jgbrohj}ziòaabqqjkjhj}z(

rohj}zogmhbogjgfdo}b{johogmbgpj{igdbg}b|j}qodigf{r{ohogm{bdi}bo{bo(ogm}ljqu{ikhbd

mibqgi}ighzb|j}jgo{bokr}}lbfoukb}vbbg}lb{jalòdjhzogm}lbuii{ohqiaorqb}lbu{ikhbd'

Ogi}lb{jdui{}og}u{ikhbdjqqli{}ofbi`}boalb{bqubajohhzjg{bdi}bo{bomrb}igig$jgabg}jpbì{

fiimrohj}z}boalb{}i}boaljg{r{ohuhoabjg]lojhogmjg}b{dqi`qoho{z(òajhj}jbqogmbmrao}jig

brjudbg}'Oaai{mjgf}iq}o}jq}ja]lojI{mjgo{zGo}jigohBmrao}jig,I$Gb}*qai{b(}lbmjq}{jkr}jigi`

}lbqai{big:5$?55jq}iiqdohhub{abg}ofbogmipb{ohhqai{bigopb{ofb]lojq}rmbg}qòjhbmdogz

qrkcba}q qral oqDo}l( Bgfhjql ogm Qajbgab' ]lb qraabqqi` bmrao}jig jq oaai{mjgf }i }lb òdjhz

baigidjaogmhbo{gjgfbgpj{igdbg}(}lb{bo{bighzqdohhub{abg}ofbqi`]lojq}rmbg}}lo}fb}oljfl

qai{b jg go}jigoh }bq} aiduo{b }i q}rmbg} vli hjpb jg {bdi}b o{bo vljal midjgo}b ipb{ohh

ub{abg}ofb'

Ogi}lb{u{ikhbdi`]lojBmrao}jigjqhivBgfhjqlU{i`jajbgaz(jgaiddrgjao}jigogmoaombdjahbpbh'

]lojq{o{bhzrqbBgfhjqloqoaiddrgjao}jigaiduo{b}iqidbOQBOGairg}{jbq']ljqhoani`Bgfhjql

jg`hrbgabaorqbqou{ikhbd}i]lojq}rmbg}}ihbo{gBgfhjqlbqubajohhzqubonjgfqnjhh']lbqbu{ikhbdq

o{bgbbmbm}ikbqihpbmoq}lbOBAaiiub{o}jigjg}lbaidjgfzbo{'Ogm}lbbrj}zi`bmrao}jigjq

}lb`j{q}q}bu}ivo{mqiajoh(baigidjambpbhiudbg}ogmjg}b{go}jigohaiiub{o}jig'

]lbqihr}jig}i}lb`j{q}u{ikhbdjq}ijga{boqb}lbaouoaj}zi`}lb}boalb{q(Qaliho{qljui``b{jgfjg

{bdi}bqaliihogmkrjhmruokb}}b{bgpj{igdbg}i`hbo{gjgf'Igbi`}lbfipb{gdbg}jduhbdbg}bm

uihjazjqbgqr{b`{bbqaliihdo}b{johogmohhaiq}ì{dogmo}i{zbmrao}jig(ogmJkbhjbpb}lo}rog}j}z

jqgi}bgirfl(}lbrohj}zi`}lbbmrao}jigjqohqijdui{}og}']i}{ojg}boalb{ogmi``b{qaliho{qlju

}iq}rmbg}q}iq}rmzok{iombqubajohhzjgBoq}Oqjoairg}{jbqairhmlbhu}idi}jpo}bq}rmbg}qogm

jga{boqb}lbbmrao}jigrohj}zi`qaliih'

Ogm }lb qihr}jig }i bglogab }lb Bgfhjql qnjhh }i ohh q}rmbg}q jq }i u{idi}b }lb jdui{}og} i`

jg}b{go}jigoh aiiub{o}jig ogm iuui{}rgj}z }l{irfl b|alogfb u{if{od i` q}rmbg}q ogm qaliih

òarh}jbq']lb{bqlirhmkbdi{bb|alogfbu{if{odì{}boalb{qogmhba}r{b{qodigfOQBOGgo}jigq'

]lb a{bo}jig i Bgfhjql hbo{gjgf o}diqulb{b }l{irfl cijg} qaliih oa}jpj}jbq qral oq oa}jpj}jbq

aidub}j}jig(qui{}fodbqogmhbo{gjgfu{icba}(vjhhkbgbabqqo{z}ijdu{ipbBgfhjqlqnjhhoqvbhhoq

arh}r{ohb|alogfb'

Hoq}hz(ki}l qihr}jigq ì{boalu{ikhbd{brj{bm }lbaiiub{o}jigkb}vbbgairg}{jbqfipb{gdbg}(

qaliih ogm aiddrgj}z' ]lb ikq}oahbjq }lb `jgogajohhz aouokjhj}zi` }lb òdjhz vljal jduoa} }lb

bmrao}jig rohj}z i` aljhm{bg' Ogm brohhz jdui{}og} }i qihpbi}lb{ jqqrb qral oqm{rf(uipb{}z(

jgqr{fbgazoa}qogmi}lb{qiajohjqqrbq}lo}gbbm}iqihpbohigfvj}lbmrao}jigmbpbhiudbg}'


4/24

[b`b{bgabq3

l}}u3))vvv'gjb}q'i{'}l

l}}u3))vvv'qbodbi'i{f)ph)hjk{o{z)mhvbhaidb)urkhjao}jigq)uoub{)jgmjo5='l}d

l}}u3))vvv'dib'fi'}l)Bgfhjql)

U{buo{bmkz3Mbhbfo}bq`{id]lojhogm

@iarqUijg}q._rbq}jigq

]lbhoani`Bgfhjqlrqofbjg]lojhogm(vlzogmlivaog}lo}kbjdu{ipbm' ]lbikq}oahbjga{bo}jgfogBgfhjqlqubonjgfo}diqulb{b Vlo} njgm i` aiiub{o}jig kb}vbbg airg}{jbq fipb{gdbg}( qaliih ogm aiddrgj}z mibq

]lojhogmlopbgivogmvlo}jqb|uba}bm`{id}lbd'

Vlo}i}lb{qiajohjqqrbq}lo}gbbmq}ikbqihpbmohigfvj}lbmrao}jig9 Uhogq}ijduhbdbg}qihr}jigq'Vlijqjgpihpbmogmvlo}jq}lb{b}imi9


5/24

?'1Bgpj{igdbg}

Jgmigbqjo

JGMIGBQJOGPJBVQIGAHJDO]BALOGFBOGMJ]Q[BFJIGOH@[ODBVI[N

Oq}lbvi{hmqho{fbq}o{aljubhofii`?6(555jqhogmq( Jgmigbqjoquogq}vikji$fbif{oulja{bfjigq$

}lbJgmidohozogogmOrq}{ohoqjog$ogmqruui{}q}{bdbgmirqkjimjpb{qj}ziògjdohogmuhog}hj`bjg

j}q u{jq}jgb {ojg ì{bq}q ogm j}q {jal aioq}oh ogm do{jgb o{boq' Ru }i 1(152 ngivg qubajbq i`

oduljkjogq(kj{mq(doddohq(ogm{bu}jhbqogmo}hboq};:(162qubajbqi`poqarho{uhog}qo{bbgmbdja

}i }lb jqhogmq( bq}jdo}bm o} =5 ub{ abg} i` OUBAq kjimjpb{qj}z' Jgmigbqjoq q}rggjgf go}r{oh

bgpj{igdbg} ogm {jal {bqir{abq livbpb{( o{b òajgf qrq}ojgbm alohhbgfbq ki}l `{id go}r{oh

ulbgidbgovljalo{bpb{zu{igb}iahjdo}balogfb}l{bo}q'

Jqqrbuo{odb}b{3

]lbjqqrbq}lo}diq}qb{jirqhz}l{bo}bgu{if{bqq }ivo{mqqrq}ojgokhbmbpbhiudbg}jg Jgmigbqjo jq

ahjdo}balogfbjqqrb' Qubaj`ja o{boqi` Jgmigbqjoo{bljflhzprhgb{okhb }idrh}juhb ahjdo}b alogfb

loso{mq'VljhbJgmigbqjojqhjnbhz}ib|ub{jbgabdimbq}}bdub{o}r{bjga{boqbq(ahjdo}balogfbvjhh

{bqrh}jgdi{bjg}bgqb{ojgòhhogmqbo$hbpbh{jqb'Ubiuhbogmbaiqzq}bdqo{bbqubajohhzprhgb{okhb}i

ahjdo}b{jqnqigCopo(Kohj(uo{}qi`Qrdo}{oogmoho{fbo{boiÙouro']lbvo{djgfiabogvjhhohqi

o``ba} do{jgb kjimjpb{qj}z ogm kb bqubajohhz lo{d`rh }i ai{oh {bb`q( vljal oh{bomz qr``b{ `{id

khboaljgf'

[ii}aorqbq3

Jgmigbqjoqljflhbpbhi`f{bbglirqbfoqbdjqqjigqjqkbjgfm{jpbgkzmbì{bq}o}jig(ì{bq}`j{bqogm

mbf{omo}jigi`hogm(bqubajohhzubo}qvoduq']lbljflfhikohmbdogmì{viimurhuogmuohdijh

{bqrh}qjgahbo{ogabi`ì{bq}qì{uhog}o}jigq'Rgmb{hzjgf}lbqbbdjqqjigqo{bfiimì{bq}{zuihjajbq

ogmhbfjqho}jig(kr}vbon jduhbdbg}o}jigogmbgì{abdbg}'Bdjqqjigq `{id }lbbgb{fzqba}i{o{b

{bho}jpbhz qdohh kr}{oujmhzf{ivjgf jg òa} f{ivjgfòq}b{}log }lbbaigidz' @jgohhz( }lb{bloq

kbbg{bho}jpbhzhj}}hbuhoggjgfi{jgpbq}dbg}jgdj}jfo}jig(ogmomou}o}jig}iahjdo}balogfb'

[bfjigohAigqbrbgabq

Ahjdo}b alogfb jq o }{ogqgo}jigoh jqqrb kr} omou}o}jig dboqr{bq o{b rqrohhz mbpbhiubm o} }lb

{bfjigoh( go}jigoh ogm hiaoh hbpbhq' ]ljq }{bgm jq kbjgfdi{b `{brbg}hz vj}gbqqbm jg mbpbhiujgf

airg}{jbq(jgahrmjgfdbdkb{qi`}lbOQBOG(vljalo{bdiq}prhgb{okhb}i}lbjduoa}qiàhjdo}b

alogfboq}lb{bjqoljflaigabg}{o}jigi`baigidjaoa}jpj}zohigf}lbaioq}hjgbqvljalb|uiqbm}i

qbo hbpbh {jqb' Qbaigm i` ohh( }lb uiurho}jig jg }lb {bfjig jq lbopjhz {bhjog} ig ahjdo}b$qbgqj}jpb

qba}i{q hjnb of{jarh}r{b( `jqlb{jbq( ì{bq}{z ogmgo}r{oh {bqir{abq jg }b{dq i` go}jigoh jgaidbogm

bduhizdbg}']lj{m(ahjdo}balogfbohqio``ba}}lb{bfjigohqbar{j}ziÒQBOGvljaldjfl}bdb{fb

}{ogqkirgmo{z jqqrbq qral losb }{ogqkirgmo{zuihhr}jig ogm {bfjigoh jg}b{iub{okjhj}z mr{jgf }lb

{bquigqbuloqbiòmjqoq}b{'


6/24

[iidì{jdu{ipbdbg}

Jgdiq}Qir}lboq}Oqjogairg}{jbq(oqjgi}lb{uo{}qi`}lbvi{hm(omou}jpbaouoaj}z,}lo}jq(vlo}

ogmliv}iomou}*jqaigq}{ojgbmkz}lbhjdj}bmopojhokjhj}zi`b|ub{}q(oaar{o}bjgì{do}jigig}lb

ahjdo}b alogfb qj}ro}jig o} }lb go}jigoh hbpbh ogm omou}o}jig iu}jigq' ]lb Nzi}i U{i}iaih ?::rh}jdo}bhz(}lbgo}jigoh({bfjigohogmhiaohfipb{gdbg}qjgj}jo}b

ouu{iu{jo}bdboqr{bqogmu{ipjmb}lbgbabqqo{z qruui{}qzq}bdì{kb}}b{omou}o}jig'[babg}hz(

Jgmigbqjo loqdombjgj}jo}jpb }ikrjhm {bfjigohovo{bgbqqigbgpj{igdbg}oh qbar{j}z ogmmjqoq}b{

dogofbdbg}ig;$2Ou{jhjgCono{}ojgaiiub{o}bvj}lRgj}bmQ}o}bqUoaj`jaAiddogm,RQUOAID*'

J}q aohhbm Qir}lboq} Oqjo [bfjigoh Bgpj{igdbg}oh Qbar{j}z Aig`b{bgab ogm vjhh bg{jal f{bo}

jg}bf{o}jig kb}vbbg OQBOG Qbar{j}z ogm OQBOG Qiaji$Arh}r{oh Aiddrgj}z ;5?2 jg}i igb

aiddj}dbg}'Qbaigm(q}{igfjg}b{$fipb{gdbg}ohuihjazogmuhoggjgfaii{mjgo}jigodigfpo{jirq

djgjq}{jbq ogm mj` b{bg} hbpbhq i` fipb{gdbg} jq a{rajoh' ]lb Fipb{gdbg} i` Jgmigbqjo loq krjh}

Doq}b{ Uhog i` Oaabhb{o}jgf Baigidja$Uipb{}z Mbpbhiudbg} jg Jgmigbqjo ,DU1BJ$DU1NJ* vljal

q}{bgf}lbgqrq}ojgokhbmbpbhiudbg}aigabu}'Jgqjmb}lo}uihjaz(Jgmigbqjoloqoh{bomzbg}b{bmjg}i

ì{abGo}jigohOa}jigUhogi`F{bbgLirqbFoqqbq ,[OG$F[N*}iaidko}}lbahjdo}balogfbjqqrbq'

]liqbfiimjgj}jo}jpbogmoa}jigqqlirhmkbmbpbhiubmogmiu}jdjsbm}li{irflhz']lj{m(}lbokqbgab

i` }lbqb `bo}r{bq loq ompb{qbhz o``ba}bm }lb mbpbhiudbg} ogm jduhbdbg}o}jig i` ouu{iu{jo}b

omou}o}jigq}{o}bfjbqjgdogzQir}lboq}Oqjogairg}{jbqmbquj}b}lba{bo}jigi`}lbjgq}j}r}jigohogmuihjaz`{odbvi{n'


7/24

[b`b{bgabq3

L' Kilhb( ]' Mivgjgf ogm D' Vo}}q( Ahjdo}b alogfb ogm qiajoh prhgb{okjhj}z( =,?* Fhikoh

Bgpj{igdbg}ohAlogfb,?::=*(16'QbbohqiOMK(Baigidjai`Ahjdo}bAlogfb(qru{o(gi}b1(o}


8/24

]LBDB;3]LBGBVQIR]LBOQ]OQJOGBAIGIDZ

;'?JgaidbMjquo{j}z

Jgmigbqjo

JGAIDBMJQUO[J]ZJGJGMIGBQJO3]LB[JALFB][JALB[OGM]LBUII[FB]

UII[B[

Jgaidbmjquo{j}z jqigbi` }lbdoci{baigidja u{ikhbdq jgdogzmbpbhiujgfairg}{jbq(jgahrmjgf

Jgmigbqjo' Jgaidbmjquo{j}z jq o pb{z jdui{}og} jqqrb }i omm{bqqbqubajohhz jg mbpbhiujgf airg}{z

kbaorqb}lbvjmb{i`jgaidbmjquo{j}zjgigbairg}{z(}lbqhivb{baigidjaf{iv}ljg}lo}airg}{z

,@{ogn(;5??*(vljalvjhhbpbg}rohhz hbom }ijga{boqjgf hbpbhi` uipb{}z' Jgaidbmjquo{j}zjqigbi`

}iihq}idboqr{b}lbbaigidjavbh`o{bi`}lbairg}{z(bj}lb{j}aogf{ivvbhhi{gi}'

JG][IMRA]JIG

Oqombpbhiujgfairg}{z(Jgmigbqjoq}jhh`oabq}lbjqqrbi`jgaidbmjquo{j}z'Livbpb{(}lbjgaidb

mjquo{j}z jg Jgmigbqjo }bgm }i kb jga{boqjgfhz vjmb{( oq j} jq {b`hba}bm `{id }lb jga{boqjgf i

Jgmigbqjog Fjgj Jgmb| kz 5(12$5(1


9/24

iÒqbogBaigidjaAiddrgj}z,OBA*;5?2}lo}airhmkbofiimvoz}iq}jdrho}baidub}j}jigogm

f{iv}li`b|ui{}i{jbg}bmhoki{$jg}bgqjpbjgmrq}{jbqjg}lbhigf}b{d'Qbaigm

(}lbfipb{gdbg}gbbmq}i{bohjsb}lbqrq}ojgokhbmbpbhiudbg}kzaigmra}jgfu{icba}qjgpo{jirqo{boq'JgJgmigbqjo(j}loq

kbbg jduhbdbg}bm }l{irfl }lb bq}okhjqldbg} i DU1BJ vljal jq }lb doq}b{ uhog i` go}jigoh

mbpbhiudbg} oaabhb{o}jig vj}lir} ogz mjqa{jdjgo}jig ì{ bpb{z o{bo jg Jgmigbqjo' Kr} }ljq

mbpbhiudbg}aigabu}voq}l{bo}bgbmkz }lbuihj}jaoh jqqrbvljal jq}lbalogfbi` fipb{gdbg}jg

;5?=}lo}rqrohhz{buhoabq}lbaigabu}vj}l}lbgbvigb']ljqdonbq}lbgo}jigohmbpbhiudbg}hiq}

i`ìarq']lj{m(qjgab}lo}jgaidbmjquo{j}zjqohqio``ba}bmkzjg`ho}jigogm}o|(}lbaiiub{o}jigi`

djgjq}{jbqogmabg}{ohkognq jgQir}lboq}Oqjogairg}{jbq}idojg}ojg j}qdoa{ibaigidjauihjaz}i

hjpbjglo{digjirqhzjqb|}{bdbhz{brj{bm'J}voqjduhbdbg}bmjg;5??oqJgmigbqjokbaodb}lb

liq}i`=1{mOqbogBaigidjaDjgjq}b{,OBD*dbb}jgfjgDogomi'

GBBM

Jgaidbmjquo{j}zjqodoci{u{ikhbdjgdogzqir}lboq}oqjogairg}{jbq(}lbgqihpjgf}ljqu{ikhbdjqo

{bquigqjkjhj}ziòhhuo{}jbq(gi}ighzfipb{gdbg}kr}ohqirq']lb{bo{bdogzqjduhb}ljgfq}lo}vb

gbbm}i{bohjsb}lbqihr}jigq'@j{q}(iubgzir{bzbq/vbgbbmbpb{zub{qig}ikbovo{bogm}iohvozq

digj}i{ }lb ub{ i{dogab i` fipb{gdbg} jg bgì{ajgf baigidja mbpbhiudbg} jg bpb{z airg}{z'

Livbpb{( baigidja mbpbhiudbg} vjhh kb okhb }i u{ipjmb cik iuui{}rgj}z ogm djgjdjsb jgaidb

mjquo{j}z']ljqaogkbmigbkzqlo{jgfogmurkhjqljgf{bho}bmjgì{do}jig({bqbo{al(o{}jahbq(cir{goh

kb}vbbgqir}lboq}oqjogairg}{z'Qbaigm(lbhui}lb{}l{irflalo{j}zjg}lb{jfl}voz'Alo{j}zjq}lb

b``ba}jpbvoz}ifbgb{o}b{bohmbdogm'Kzmijgf}ljq(vbaig}{jkr}bjgdjgjdsjgf}lbfoui`jgaidb

mjquo{j}zoqvbhhoqjga{boqbbaigidjaf{iv}l' ]lj{m(qruui{}jgfqdohh(dja{iogmdbmjrdbg}b{u{jqb

,QDB*jqpb{zjdui{}og}}idjgjdjsbjgaidbmjquo{j}z'Vlo}bpb{zairg}{zgbbmqjqbg}{bubgbr{qlju

}{ojgjgf jgQDB qba}i{' ]ljq }{ojgjgf airhmlbhu ubiuhb }i jga{boqb }lbj{ qnjhh }idonb }lbj{ ivg

krqjgbqq(zjbhm}lbj{jgaidbogm`jgohhzairhmdjgjdjsbjgaidbmjquo{j}z'

[b`b{bgabq3

@{ogn( [ikb{} L';5??']lb Mo{vjg Baigidz3 Hjkb{}z( Aidub}j}jig ogm Aiddig Fiim'U{jgab}ig

Rgjpb{qj}zU{bqq'

Qb}jomj(NrqgbgmjogmOgjUjgozogj';55:']lbjg`hrbgabiÀouj}oh$Jg}bgqjpbJgpbqdbg}(Jg`ho}jigogm

Vofb[o}b ofojgq} Jgaidb Mjquo{j}z' Cir{goh i` Baigidja Bmrao}jig ogm Aiiub{o}jig Pih'=

Gi'?(Crhz;55:'

]{bgmqi`}lbQbhba}bmQiaji$BaigidjaJgmjao}i{qi`Jgmigbqjo'Gipbdkb{;5??'JgmigbqjogAbg}{oh

Q}o}jq}jaohOfbgaz'


10/24

U{buo{bmkz3Mbhbfo}bq`{idJgmigbqjo

@iarqUijg}q._rbq}jigq3

Liv aog mba{boqjgf }lb jgaidb fou {bmrab }lb pjihbg} oa}q }lo} Jgmigbqjo jq òajgf9 Jqjgaidbmjquo{j}z}lbdojgaorqbi`}lbpjihbgab9

Jghjgbvj}lOBAikcba}jpbq(jgvlo}vozqaogvbdonbrqbi` }lbbq}okhjqldbg}iÒBA}i{bmrab}lbjgaidbfougi}ighzjgJgmigbqjokr}jgbpb{zOQBOGairg}{z9

Oh}lirfl}lb{bjqoalogfbjgfipb{gdbg}(}lb{bjqq}jhhvozqi`donjgfqr{b}lo}}lbgbvfipb{gdbg}q}jhh{bdojgqj}qìarqigjdui{}og}jqqrbqqraloqlboh}lao{b'Vlo}airhmkb

migb}ibgqr{b}lo}iaar{q9

Vlo} qi{} i` aiiub{o}jig jq b|uba}bm `{id i}lb{ QBO airg}{jbq }lo}vb{b jduhbdbg}bmmr{jgf}lb=1

{mOBD;5??9

Mb`jgbalo{j}z Livaogqralbg}{bu{bgbr{qlju}{ojgjgfkbjduhbdbg}bm}l{irflir}}lb{bfjig9


11/24

;';RgbpbgMbpbhiudbg}[r{ohpq'R{kog

Pjb}god

Pjb}god(ohigf vj}l i}lb{ Qir}lboq} Oqjog airg}{jbq( jq òajgf o gi}jabokhb `bo}r{bi` baigidja

u{if{bqq(vljaljqrgbpbgmbpbhiudbg}']lb{bo{bdogzmb`jgj}jigqig}ljq}b{d'Oqmb`jgbmjgo

{bqbo{alaigmra}bmkzU{i`bqqi{MigohmC'Lo{{jq(Q}ogì{mRgjpb{qj}zjg;550(rgbpbgmbpbhiudbg}

{b`b{q}iub{qjq}bg}mj``b{bgabqjghbpbhqogm{o}bqi`baigidjaqba}i{qi`}lbbaigidz'Dbogvljhb(

Og}ligz Kbkkjgf}ig( Rgjpb{qj}z i Dogalbq}b{ ogohzsbm }lb fbif{ouljbq i mbpbhiudbg}

jg}b{pbg}jigogmj}q{bho}jig}iuipb{}z{bmra}jigjg;55=']ljquoub{ìarqbqig}lbho}}b{']ljqjq

rgbpbgmbpbhiudbg}jg}b{dqi`fbif{oulz(vljaldbogq}lbf{iv}lmjquo{j}jbqkb}vbbg{r{ohogm

r{kog o{boq' Qubaj`jaohhz( oaai{mjgf }i }lbPjb}godbqbQ}o}jq}jaqI``jab( }lbFMU ub{aouj}o jg }lb

r{kogo{boqmirkhbm}lbigbjg}lbairg}{zqjmbjgCrgb(;5??'J}voqohqijg;5??}lo}uipb{}z{o}bjg

{r{oh {bfjigq `jpb ìhmbm }ljq `jfr{b jg aj}jbq( ?


12/24

]lb{bì{b(vljhbuhoggjgfjgpbq}dbg}u{icba}q(fipb{gdbg}qogmjgpbq}i{qdrq}uozdi{bo}}bg}jig

}i }lb hjpbhjliim ogm higf$}b{d jduoa} }i hiaoh ubiuhb ogm aiddrgj}z }idonb qr{b }lo} }lbz

{babjpbaiduo{okhbkbgb`j}}ii}lb{q}onblihmb{q'

Qbaigmhz(bmrao}jigrohj}zjg{r{oho{boqdrq}kbjdu{ipbmqi}lo}hiaohubiuhbairhmkbkb}}b{

u{buo{bm}icijg}lbvi{nì{abqogmjgqidbaoqb}onb}lbhbomjgmbpbhiujgf}lbhiaohbaigidjbq

ogm qiajb}jbq }l{irfl }lbj{ ngivhbmfb ogm qnjhhq' J} jq vjmbhz gi}bm }lo} }lb ar{{bg} bmrao}jig

aigmj}jigqi`qidbo{boqo{b}iiuii{vlbgaiduo{bm}i}liqbi`r{kogairg}b{uo{}q']boalb{qo{b

uii{hzuojm'Hbo{gjgfòajhj}jbqo{bdjqb{okhb'Jgqli{}(fipb{gdbg}q(i{fogjso}jigqogmu{iqub{irq

jgmjpjmrohqdrq}qlo{b{bquigqjkjhj}zjg jdu{ipjgf q}bu$kz$q}bu}lbrohj}zi` bmrao}jig(bqubajohhz

}lb}boalb{qhjpjgfq}ogmo{mogmhbo{gjgfòajhj}jbqiùrujhqogmq}rmbg}qjg{r{ohogmdirg}ojgirq

o{boq'

]lj{mhz(}iòajhj}o}buiqj}jpbjduoa}qjg}lbgbo{`r}r{b(mj``b{bg}vozq}iqruui{}hiaohubiuhbogm

i{fogjso}jigqlirhmkbbgair{ofbm'Qli{}}{ojgjgfu{if{odq}iu{buo{bzirgfubiuhbì{oab{}ojg

u{i`bqqjigqraloq}ir{jq}frjmbi{vi{nb{jgoìimu{iabqqjgfaiduogzjqogiu}jig}iqruui{}hiaoh

ubiuhb' Jg }ljq {bfo{m( qidb GFIq i{ jg}b{go}jigoh mbpbhiudbg} i{fogjso}jigq aog lbhu qdohh

bg}b{u{jqbqi{òdjhjbq}imbpbhiu}lbj{krqjgbqqiub{o}jig}idonb `rhhrqbi`hiaohompog}ofbq}i

a{bo}bdi{bu{imra}qogmpohrbq}i}lbbaigidz'

]i fro{og}bb }lb b``ba}jpbgbqq i }liqb qihr}jigq dbg}jigbm bo{hjb{( fipb{gdbg} qruui{}q(

bgfofbdbg}i`drh}juhb q}onblihmb{qogm `jgogajoh qruui{}q iò mjpb{qj}z iì{fogjso}jigq o{bjg

gbbm' Fipb{gdbg} gbbm }i jg}{imrab ogm jduhbdbg} uihjajbq }lo} a{bo}b kohogabm baigidja

mbpbhiudbg} oa{iqq }lbairg}{zkz ogm jdu{ipjgf lrdog {bqir{abq( jg`{oq}{ra}r{bogm òajhj}jbq(dogofbdbg}(ogmbq}okhjqlu{if{odq}iq}jdrho}bjgpbq}dbg}`hivogmqdohh$qaohbjgmrq}{zf{iv}l

jg hbqq mbpbhiubm {bfjigq' ]i kb qraabqq`rh( qral u{if{odq gbbm }i bgfofb jg }lb b`ì{} i` ohh

q}onblihmb{q(jgahrmjgf}lbhiaohfipb{gdbg}(ubiuhbogmbg}b{u{jqbq'Hiaohfipb{gdbg}ogmubiuhb

drq} kb aiddj}}bm }i ogm aigqjq}bg} jg dogofjgf ogm jduhbdbg}jgf }lbqb u{if{odq( ogm

bg}b{u{jqbqohqigbbm}iao{bokir}}lbj{ai{ui{o}bqiajoh{bquigqjkjhj}jbq'Hoq}kr}gi}hboq}(`jgogajoh

qruui{}q`{idomjpb{qj}ziì{fogjso}jigqo{ba{rajohì{{r{oho{boq}iahiqb}lbmbpbhiudbg}fou

vj}l di{b r{kog abg}b{q' ]lb{bì{b( vbhh$`rgmbm GFIq o{b jgmjqubgqokhb }i a{bo}b bpbg ogm

qrq}ojgokhbmbpbhiudbg}odigf{bfjigq'


13/24

[b`b{bgabq3

l}}u3))vvv'bai'ra1d'bq)wmbqdb})uoub{q)bc'um`

l}}u3))vvv'rgmu'i{f'pg)mjfj}ohOqqb}q);6);65::Y:5;YRGMUY@jgohYHivY{bqY?:5??;'um`

l}}u3))vvv'ahdbaigidjo'caad'bq)um`ahd)ilo{o'um`

l}}u3))vvv1'fjs'mb)jdub{jo)dm)aig}bg})o$jg}b{gb};55


14/24

;'1BaigidjaJgmbubgmbgabi`}lbQir}lboq}OqjogGo}jigq

K{rgbj

Jg}{imra}jig

Baigidjajgmbubgmbgabjq}lbokqbgabi`baigidja{bhjogabkb}vbbgairg}{jbq'K{rgbjMo{rqqohod

loqu{oa}jabm jg}bf{o}bm ogm qzq}bdo}ja qiaji$baigidja uhoggjgf qjgab }lbbo{hz ?:25q( {bohjsbm

}l{irflbjfl}qb{jbqi``jpb$zbo{Go}jigohMbpbhiudbg}Uhogi{[ogaogfogNbdocrogGbfo{o,[NG*

}lbmbpbhiudbg}q}{o}bfjbqur{qrbmipb{}lbqb[NGlomkbbg}lbnbzq}i}lbqraabqq`rha{bo}jigi`

vboh}l jg }lb baigidz( jdu{ipbdbg} jg }lb rohj}z i` hj`b i` }lb ubiuhb( uihj}jaoh q}okjhj}z ogm

dojg}ojgjgf o ahbog ogm lboh}lz bgpj{igdbg}' Livbpb{( i}lb{ brohhz jdui{}og} mbpbhiudbg}

ikcba}jpbq qral oqdojg}ojgjgf `rhh bduhizdbg}( vjmbgjgf }lb gig$ijh ogm foq jgmrq}{z ogm }lb

ompogabdbg}i`}lb[onzo}Dbhozroqhbomb{qi`jgmrq}{zogmaiddb{ablopbgi}`rhhzoaaiduhjql

aigmj}jigo{bkzgidbogqombro}bogmqrq}ojgokhbì{`r}r{bfbgb{o}jigq'B|oduhbqi`gig$ijhogm

foq jgmrq}{zK{rgbj qlirhm jdu{ipb jq }lb `jqljgf jgmrq}{z( of{jarh}r{b( Db}logih Uhog}( }lb ìim

jgmrq}{z,LohohK{ogm*ogmOrjarh}r{b,Bai$Oroarh}r{bUo{nogmQl{jdu$[ojqjgfUo{n*

Qihr}jig

]lboggrohao}aljgK{rgbj`jqlb{jbq`hra}ro}bq']ljqloqaorqbmK{rgbj}ijdui{}`jql`{idi}lb{Qir}lAljgo Qbo `jqlb{jbq qraloqgbjflki{jgfDohozqjo(Qokol ogmQo{ovon']ljq jq

kbaorqbqidbi`}lb`jqljgfdb}limrqbm,b'f]{ovhjgf*aogoa}rohhzmbq}{izi{aorqblo{d

}i }lb lokj}o} i }lb oro}ja h j b( vljal jq }lbj{ dojg k{bbmjgf f{irgmq' Jg ommj}jig

ipb{`jqljgfjqohqiigbi`}lb{boqigq']i}oanhb}ljqK{rgbjgbbmq}irqb}lbho}bq}`jqljgf

}balgihifz }ibgqr{b}lo}djgjdrdmodofbjq migb}i }lbrgmb{vo}b{bgpj{igdbg}'Gi}

ighz }lo}( igb i` }lb }oqn ao{{jbm ir} rgmb{ }lb Oqqiajo}jig i` Qir}lboq} Oqjog

Go}jigq)Rgj}bm Q}o}bq Aioq}oh jg K{rgbj Mo{rqqohod jgpihpbq }lb oqqbqqdbg} i` o{}j jajoh

{bb`q `jqlb{jbq {bqir{abq' ]lb oa}jpj}z( vljal jgahrmbq mbpbhiudbg} ogm digj}i{jgf i`

o{}j`jajoh{bb`q(jqjg}bgmbmoqogjgur}}i}lbu{iuiqbmaioq}oho{bodogofbdbg}uhogi`}lb

airg}{z']lb`rga}jigi`}ljqo{}j`jajohq}{ra}r{bjqrqbmoq`jqllokj}o}'Ki}li`}ljqqihr}jig

airhm bgqr{bog jga{boqb jg `jql uiurho}jig( lbhu {bmrab }lbgbbm }ib|ui{} `jql jg}i }lb

airg}{zogm`jhhjg}lbljflmbdogmi``jqljg}lbairg}{z'

JgOu{jh;55:(K{rgbjogm}lbUljhjuujgbqqjfgbmoDbdi{ogmrdi`Rgmb{q}ogmjgf,DIR*}lo} qbbnq }i q}{bgf}lbg }lb kjho}b{oh aiiub{o}jig i` }lb }vi airg}{jbq jg }lb `jbhmq i`

of{jarh}r{b ogm ò{d${bho}bm }{omb ogm jgpbq}dbg}' ]lb }vi airg}{jbq lopb of{bbm }i

aiiub{o}b jg uhog} qajbgab( a{iuq }balgihifz( pbfb}okhb ogm `{rj} u{bqb{po}jig(

kji}balgihifz(uiq}$lo{pbq}}balgihifz(hjpbq}ian(i{fogjaof{jarh}r{b(j{{jfo}jigogmvo}b{

{bqir{abqogmLohohjgmrq}{z']ljqhbom}i}lbu{imra}jigi`K{rgbjqivgHojho[jabi{Kb{oq

Hojho']lbK{rgbjMo{rqqohod&q{jabu{imra}jigu{if{oddbvoqmbpjqbm}ioaljbpbmidbq}ja

mbdogm }o{fb}q ogm dipb }ivo{mq f{bo}b{ {jab qbh $qr` jajbgaz' Jg ;55


15/24

OqoDohozJqhodjaDigo{alz,DJK*(K{rgbjMo{rqqohodloqdombo q}{igfaiddj}dbg}}i}lbmbpbhiudbg}i`}lbLohohqba}i{ki}lomogJqhodja{bquigqjkjhj}zoqvbhhoqodbogqi`

baigidjaq}{bgf}logmmjpb{qj`jao}jig']lboggrohJg}b{go}jigohLoholB|ui,JLBU*jquo{}i`

K{rgbjMo{rqqohodqb`ì{}}i mjpb{qj`z j}qbaigidz' ]lbJLBU jqo uho}ì{d ì{jg}b{bq}bm

uhozb{q jg }lbLohoh jgmrq}{z}i aidb}ifb}lb{(dbb} boali}lb{ogmaigahrmb mbohq }lo}

virhm kb kbgb jajoh ì{ ohh' J} ohqi ojdq }i òajhj}o}b ki}l hiaoh ogm jg}b{go}jigoh

bg}{bu{bgbr{qjgb|uogmjgf}lbj{krqjgbqqgb}vi{nqbqubajohhzjg}lbu{imra}jigogm}{omjgf

i`Lohoh$ab{}j`jbmìimu{imra}q'

]iqubbmru}lboroarh}r{bmbpbhiudbg}uhog(}lbFipb{gdbg}uhoggbmqbpb{ohhiao}jigqohigf }lbaioq} jg}i oroarh}r{bo{boq( }iu{ipjmb jg`{oq}{ra}r{bqraloq {iomq( jgmrq}{joh

ar{{bg}(bhba}{jaoh(vo}b{qruuhzogmhogmouuhjao}jig'K{rgbj&qql{jduk{bbmjgfò{dqjqighz

igb(hjdj}bmu{imra}jig>ql{jduò{db{qi`}bgòabqruuhzqli{}ofb'Ar{{bg}hz}lbKr{bori`

@jqlb{jbqohqiiubgql{jdujdui{}q(diq}i`}lbql{jdu`{id}lbDohozqjogq}o}bi`Nbmol

ogm Cili{ }i u{ipjmb ql{jdu k{bbmjgf f{irgmq' K{rgbj {jal jg `{bqlvo}b{ {bqir{abq( }lb

Fipb{gdbg} ohqibgair{ofbm }lboroarh}r{b u{imra}jig i` i{godbg}oh `jql qraloq Nij

ao{u( fihm`jql ogm i}lb{ pjpjuo{irq qubajbq' Orjarh}r{b jq o jdui{}og} `jbhm ì{ K{rgbj

baigidjamjpb{qj}z'Jg{babg}zbo{q(qidb{bho}bmmbuo{}dbg}qu{idi}borjarh}r{boa}jpbhz(

oaabhb{o}jgf}lbu{iabqqi`}lbaigq}{ra}jigiàrh}jpo}bkoqb(o}}{oa}jgfì{bjfgjgpbq}dbg}

ogm ompogabm }balgihifz( ojdjgf o} qr{{irgmjgf oro}ja do{nb} ogm jg}b{go}jigoh ljfl

ommj}jigoh pohrb oro}jado{nb}']lb{bq}lb Bai$Oroarh}r{bUo{n' ]ljq uo{ni``b{q ho}bq}

}balgihifjbqiòrjarh}r{b}i hiaohogmì{bjfg jgpbq}i{q( qraloq Baihifjaoh[baj{arho}jig

Oroarh}r{bQzq}bd({ojqjgf`jqlbq(qruuhzjgfjg}b{go}jigohdo{nb}qqraloqAljgodojghogm(

]ojvog[bfjigogmLigfNigfkz}lbvozi`hjpjgf$`jqlb|ui{}q'Qbaigmhz(}lb{b}lbQl{jdu$

[ojqjgf' Jgpbq}bm kz K{rgbj Jgmrq}{z ogm [ov [bqir{ab Mbuo{}dbg}( rqbm }i {ojqb Ho{fb

F{oqqQl{jdukz}lb}balgihifziàhiqbm{baj{arho}jigqbovo}b{'J}jqbq}jdo}bm}lo}zbo{hz

ir}ur}aog {boal?'=2}lirqogm}igbq( qruuhzjgf qidbdo{nb}q(qraloqOdb{jao(Br{iub(

ogmCouog'JgCogro{z(o{babg}qraabqqjgu{imrajgfmjqboqb$`{bbUbgobrqdigimig,Khoan

]jfb{u{ovgq* jqoh{bomzm{ovjgfjg}b{bq} `{id fhikohuhozb{q jg }lboroarh}r{bjgmrq}{z(

qojmogb|ub{}`{idoRQ$koqbmaiduogz'

Gbbm

Vj}l }ljq mbpbhiudbg} }lb `j{q} }ljgfvbgbbm jq ì{bjfg qubajohjq} jg fb}}jgf jgì i{ }balgjrbq

{brj{bm oqqjq} }lb jgmrq}{jbq'Qbaigmhz( }lb `jqljgf jgmrq}{jbq gbbm}lb lbhu`{idDohozqjo qjgab

diq}i`}lbb|ui{}qi``jqlaidb`{idDohozqjovlzvbmig}crq}qbbnfrjmogab`{id}lbairg}{z'

Uhrq(}lb{bq]lb]{ojgjgfMbuo{}dbg}(jgaihhoki{o}jigvj}lDohozqjoqGo}jigohOf{jarh}r{b]{ojgjgf

Airgajh,GO]A*(,i{fogjsbm}l{bb}ojhi{$domb}{ojgjgfair{qbqì{`jqlb{jbqi``jab{qjg3?*hjgb`jqljgf>

;*ur{qbqbjgb`jqljgf>ogm1*}{ovh`jqljgf*dozkbqidbhiaohK{rgbjogqairhmcijgjg'Gi}ighz}lo}(

}lb`jqljgf}balgihifzqdojg`rga}jigdrq}kb}iao}al`jqlì{b|ui{}ogmjdui{}ogm}idjgjdjsb

oro}jambq}{ra}jig'Vbgbbm}lblbhui`]lojhogmigliv}lbzqraabbmjgb|ui{}jgf}lbj{{jabqi

}lo}vbaogmi}lbqodbvj}l Kb{oqHojho


16/24

[bqbo{al{b`b{bgabq3

l}}u3))vvv'mbum'fip'kg)DMF)Mivghiomq)K{rgbj";5@jgoh";5DMF";5;gm";5[bui{}'um`

l}}u3))gbvq'k{rgbj'`d);55:)?;)15)baigidja$mjpb{qj`jao}jig$qlirhm$kb$}iu$u{ji{j}z)

l}}u3))vvv'fiifhb'aid'kg)r{h9qo4}{a}4c4K{rgbj.Mo{rqqohod.Alohhbgfbq.`i{.Baigidja.Mjpb{q

j`jao}jigqir{ab4vbkam4?pbm45AAB_@cOOr{h4l}}u"1O";@";@vvv'k{rgbj{bqir{abq'aid";@

uivb{uijg}";@rkmYf{iruaYmjpb{qj`z'uu}bj4vlAM]66{Frd?j_bid2LvAvrqf4O@_cAGFFQd2sJ$

|Af:JHIjSZQUdk$@NhYf

l}}u3))vvv'udi'fip'kg)udi?)jgmb|'ulu9iu}jig4aidYaig}bg}pjbv4o{}jahbjm4?2;63gbv$urql$

`i{$baigidja$mjpb{qj`jao}jig$jg$;5?;$ao}jm4:=3gbvqJ}bdjm462

l}}u3))vvv'k}'aid'kg)krqjgbqq$kbqjmbq$ijh);5??)5;)?;)vb$gbbm$fb}$di{b$ir}$ijh$foq

l}}u3))vvv'k{rgbj$lohoh'aid)

l}}u3))vvv'albdjaohq$}balgihifz'aid)u{icba}q)k{rgbjdb}logih)

l}}u3))kiinq'fiifhb'aid'kg)kiinq9jm4RqVzOUadgGqAuf4UO=:huf4UO=:m4K{rgbj.Orjarh}r

{b$Mbpbhiudbg}qir{ab4khi}q4


17/24

]LBDB13F[IVJGF]LBQIR]LBOQ]OQJOGQIAJB]Z

1'?Hoki{

Aodkimjo

R{kogogmIr}kirgmDjf{o}jig3Jg}ljqfhikohjsbmvi{hm(hoki{jqdikjhjsbm`{iduhoab}iogi}lb{ì{okb}}b{baigidjaf{iv}logm

rohj}zi`hj`b'Oaai{mjgf}iRG(djf{o}jigloqkbaidb}lbaig}bdui{o{zjqqrbodigfOqjoogm}lb

Uoaj ja ogm }lb mbq}jgo}jig ì{ }liqb djf{og}q o{b vboh}ljb{ airg}{jbq baigidz i` Boq} Oqjo(

jgahrmjgf Couog( LigfNigf( Aljgo( [burkhja i` Ni{bo ogm ]ojvog( bqubajohhz K{rgbjMo{rqqohod(

DohozqjoogmQjgfoui{b'[babg}zbo{q(o{irgm02}i65ub{abg}iÒqjoqhoki{djf{og}qdjf{o}bm}i

vi{njgVbq}Oqjo(vljhbo{irgm?5$?2ub{abg}djf{o}bm}iQir}l$Boq}Oqjoogmogi}lb{?5$?2ub{

abg}}iGi{}l$Boq}Oqjo'

Aodkimjo jq igb i }lb mbpbhiujgf airg}{jbq jg }lb {bfjig ogm djf{o}jig jqqrb jg gi} o gbv

ulbgidbgiggiv'Livbpb{(hoki{djf{o}jigjqq}jhholi}ogmaigab{gjgfjqqrbjg}lbAodkimjog

qiajb}z' J} loq kbaidb }lb qbgqj}jpb ogm bgmbdja u{ikhbd jg }lb qiajb}zoq j} }r{gq jg}i lrdog

}{o``janjgf'Oqodo}}b{i`òa}(dogzAodkimjoglopbkbbgpjiho}bm({oubm(ogmqihmoqqhopbmo`}b{

jddjf{o}jgf}ivi{nok{iom'Oaai{mjgf}i[izohFipb{gdbg}iÀodkimjo(}lbdjf{og}uiurho}jig

jgAodkimjojq ljfl o}1?'2 ub{abg}'Vljhb }lb{b jqf{ivjgfdjf{o}jig `{id {r{oh }ir{kogo{boq({r{oh}i{r{ohdjf{o}jig{bdojgq}lbdiq}aiddigo}o{irgm65ub{abg}i`}lb}i}ohuiurho}jig'

Bpbg }lirfl( }lb{b jq gi} og oa}roh i{ og i` jajoh {bui{} okir}liv djf{o}jig loq kbbg lrdog

}{o` janjgf( }lb{b o{b hi}q i` {bui{}q i` lrdog }{o` janjgf `{id {r{oh }i r{kog ogm jg}b{go}jigoh

djf{o}jigki}l hbfohogm jhhbfoh'JIDAodkimjo{bui{}bm}lo}}lbdiq}mbq}jgo}jigqì{Aodkimjo

djf{og} vi{nb{q o{b ]lojhogm( Dohozqjo( Ni{bo( Ligf Nigf ogm Qjgfoui{b( [b`b{{jgf }i Lrdog

]{o``janjgf I{fogjso}jig( Aodkimjo loq kbaidb }lb qir{ab( }{ogqj} ogm mbq}jgo}jig i lrdog

}{o``janjgfvljaljquo{}hz}lb{bqrh}i`djf{o}jigì{bduhizdbg}'

Gbpb{}lbhbqq(}lbfipb{gdbg}qbbdq}iuozhbqqo}}bg}jigogmjg}b{pbg}jig}i}lbaigab{gbmjqqrb

bqubajohhzig}liqbdjf{o}jigofbgajbqbpbg}lirfl}lb{bo{bqidb hovqlopbkbbgbgì{abmogmjduhbdbg}bm( ogm urkhja oggirgabdbg} loq kbbgdomb kz }lb fipb{gdbg} loq kbbgdomb( j}

qbbdqhjnb}ljqjqqrbjqgi}vbhhjgì{dbmkz}liqbjddjf{og}q'Hoki{djf{o}jigrqrohhzlouubgq}i

ubiuhbjg}lbairg}{zqjmbvli`jgmj}lo{m}i`jgmcikqjg}lbaj}z'Vi{qb}log}lo}(gi}dogz}ljgfq

lopbkbbg migbkz fipb{gdbg}vlbgqral u{ikhbdqiaar{' [babg}hz( }lb jqqrb {bfo{mjgf }i }lb

mbo}liòAodkimjogvi{njgfjgDohozqjoloqkbbgoli}ogmmjqarqqjgfjqqrbvlb}lb{Aodkimjo

qlirhmaig}jgrb}iqbgmlb{ubiuhb}ivi{nok{iomogzdi{b'

]lb fipb{gdbg} oa}rohhz qlirhm bgì{ab q}{ja} hovq {bfo{mjgf }i }lb okipb jqqrb' Urkhja

oggirgabdbg} ogm fb}bpb{zigbvbhh jgì{dbm okir} hoki{djf{o}jigvljal aog hbom }ilrdog

}{o` janjgf'Di{b }log }lo}( fipb{gdbg} jq ohqi uhoggjgf }i o}}{oa} ì{bjfg jgpbq}i{q }i jgpbq} jgAodkimjovljaljqofiimvoz}ia{bo}bcikiuui{}rgj}jbq}ihiaohubiuhb{o}lb{}log}ifiir}qjmb


18/24

}lbairg}{zì{ao{bb{hj`b'Bmrao}jigvj}ljg}lbairg}{zj}qbh`loqkbbgq}{bgf}lbgbm`{id}jdb}i

}jdb( qi }lo} ubiuhb aog fb} ljflb{ bmrao}jig ogm gi} }i kb albo}bm boqjhz'Diq} i` }lb aoqbqlouubg}liqbdjf{og}qvb{b}onbgovozvj}l}lbj{uoqqui{}ogmJMvljaljqmj `jarh}ì{}lbdfioqn

ì{lbhu`{idi}lb{ofbgaz']lb{bì{b(}lbAodkimjogBdkoqqzqlirhmohvozqnbbu}{oanvj}l}lb

mo}oi`vi{nb{fijgfok{iomogmkbjg}iralvj}l}lbofbgazogm}liqbvi{nb{q}idonbqr{bj`}lbz

o{bvbhh}{bo}bm'Vlo}jqdi{b(}lbfipb{gdbg}qlirhma{bo}bli}hjgb}lo}ubiuhbaog{bui{}}lb

aoqbi{qrquba}i`lrdog}{o``janjgf'

]lb{b o{b dogz qihr}jigq }i aigqjmb{ {bfo{mjgf }ljq jqqrb' @j{q} i` ohh( ubiuhb qlirhm kbvbhh

jgì{dbmokir}}lbvi{njgfbgpj{igdbg}ogmaigmj}jig}lbzdozòabmr{jgfvi{njgfok{iom'Igb

iòfiimb|oduhbq}lo}D]PloqkbbgmijgfjgAodkimjovljalvoqqruui{}bmkzRQOJM(ORQOJM

voq}lo}}lbzdombokjfaigab{}}i}lburkhjaogmqlivbmaoqbq}i}lbubiuhbliv}lbzaogoqnì{lbhuvlbg }lbz o{b albo}bm ok{iom( ogm o}}lb qodb }jdb( }lb aigab{}voq ojdbm}i qlo{b }lb

vi{njgfb|ub{jbgabq}i}liqbvlivog}}ivi{nok{iom'Oqogjgmjpjmrohogmodbdkb{iòq}rmbg}

oqqiajo}jig(vlo}vbaogmijq}imiqdohhu{icba}kzfijgf}ii}lb{u{ipjgabqo{irgm}lbairg}z}i

bmrao}b}liqbvlio{bvjhhjgf}ivi{nok{iomjg}lbvoz}lo}}lbzqlirhmoqnì{mb}ojhiòfbgaz

}lo}djf{og}ubiuhb}ivi{nok{iomvlb}lb{}lbzo{bhbfohi{gi}'Ohqi(vbaogvi{nvj}li}lb{

GFIq}ia{bo}burkhjabpbg}iglivubiuhbqlirhmkbovo{mbmi`kbjgfalbo}bmkzogzofbgazi{

`{jbgmqvliaig}oa}}lbd}ivi{nok{iomoqj}dozhbom}ilrdog}{o``janjgf'O}}lbqodb}jdb(vb

uhog}i}boalubiuhbliv}ifb}piao}jigohqnjhhqi }lo}}lbzaogvi{njg}lbairg}zj}qbh vljaljq

qo`b{ ì{ hivb{bmrao}bmubiuhb{o}lb{ }log }ivi{n ò{ovoz `{id lidb'Di{bipb{(vbqlirhm

vi{nvj}ldbmjojgi{mb{}ijgì{d}lburkhjaokir}}lbaoqbogmliv}iouu{ioalvlbglrdogpjiho}jiglouubgq'Vbohvozqkbhjbpb}lo}vbaoggi}ohvozqmbubgmigfipb{gdbg}}iaiub}lb

u{ikhbd(kr}jgmjpjmrohaogq}o{}}idonbalogfb'

U{buo{bmkz3Mbhbfo}bq`{idAodkimjo

@iarqUijg}._rbq}jigq

Vlo}ohhivqhoki{djf{o}jigq}i}r{gjg}ilrdog}{o``janjgf9Vlo}o{b}lbòa}i{qjgpihpbm9 Livaogvbfb}}lbo}}bg}jigi`}lbfipb{gdbg}}ilopbdi{bìarqig}ljqjqqrb9 Vlo}i}lb{jgmrq}{jbqjq}lbfipb{gdbg}ìarqjgfig}io}}{oa}ì{bjfgjgpbq}i{q}lo}aogkb

qrkq}og}johbgirfl}ijga{boqbcikiuui{}rgj}jbq9 Livaoghigf}b{dbmrao}jigkbfjpbg9 Uhogq}ijduhbdbg}3}{opbhhjgf}iu{ipjgabq.piao}jigohqnjhhq' Livaogdbmjokbiì}lb{rqb}iqihpb}lbu{ikhbd9 Vlo} o{b }lb {ihbq i i}lb{ OQBOG airg}{jbq jg {bfo{mq }i {bfrho}jgf djf{og}q `{id

Aodkimjo9


19/24

1';QiajohVbhò{bUljhjuujgbq

ULJHJUUJGBQAIGMJ]JIGOHAOQL][OGQ@B[U[IF[OD

Koanf{irgm

]lbUljhjuujgbfipb{gdbg}loqjga{boqbm}lbkrmfb}ohhiao}jigì{j}q Uog}ovjmUodjhzogfUjhjujgi

U{if{od,=Uq*'I{fogjsbmkz }lbMbuo{}dbg}i`QiajohVbhò{bogmMbpbhiudbg},MQVM*(}lb=Uq

jqoqiajohmbpbhiudbg}q}{o}bfzi`}lbgo}jigohfipb{gdbg}}lo}u{ipjmbqaigmj}jigohaoqlf{og}q

}ib|}{bdbhzuii{lirqblihmq}ijdu{ipb}lbj{lboh}l(gr}{j}jigogmbmrao}jig'

U{ikhbd

Mbquj}b j}q gikhb ikcba}jpbq( }lb =Uq loq kbbg do{{bm vj}l a{j}jajqdq dojghz kbaorqb i }lb

hiiulihbqjgj}qjduhbdbg}o}jig'Dogzlopb}offbm}lbu{if{odoqokogm$ojmqihr}jig}iohhbpjo}b

uipb{}zjg}lbairg}{z'Qidbkbhjbpb}lo}jgq}bomi`qubgmjgfokjhhjigmihho{qozbo{ì{dig}lhz

mihbir}q}iuii{òdjhjbq(}lbfipb{gdbg}qlirhmrqb}lbdigbzì{i}lb{u{icba}qqraloqlboh}l

ao{bmbpbhiudbg}ogmcika{bo}jig'

Qihr}jig

Ir{ uiqj}jig jq }lo} }lb aigmj}jigoh aoql }{ogq`b{ u{if{od i` }lb Uljhjuujgb fipb{gdbg} qlirhmrgmb{fi og jddbmjo}b {boqqbqqdbg} }i bgqr{b }lo} }lbu{icba} oaljbpbq j}qikcba}jpbq' Qjgab j}q

jduhbdbg}o}jig(mj``b{bg}i{fogjso}jigqlopboh{bomz{ojqbm}lbj{ aigab{gqi{fopbqrffbq}jigq}i

jdu{ipb}lbu{if{od']lbu{ikhbd(livbpb{(jq}lo}}lbqbqrffbq}jigqvb{bgbpb{domb}l{irflo

urkhja mjohifrb }lo} jq o}}bgmbm kz ohh aigab{gbm uo{}jbq' Ogm vljhb }lb fipb{gdbg} jq piaoh jg

qozjgf}lo}}lbzhjq}bg}i}lbqbqrffbq}jigq(vblopbzb}}iqbbvlb}lb{}lbzoa}rohhzjduhbdbg}bm

}lbqojmalogfbqjg}lbu{if{od'

Vbkbhjbpb}lo}ourkhjaì{rdo}}bgmbmkzfipb{gdbg}i``jajohq(a{j}jaq(b|ub{}qogmkbgb`jajo{jbq(

odigf i}lb{q djfl} lbhu jg jdu{ipjgf }lb ar{{bg} u{if{od' Vj}l }ljq ì{rd( }lb aigab{gq i`

mj `b{bg} qba}i{q doz kb {ojqbm ogm omm{bqqbm u{iub{hz oq vbhh oq aidb ru vj}l o uiqqjkhb

aidu{idjqb{bfo{mjgf}lbu{icba}'


20/24

[b`b{bgabq3

MQVM=Uqu{jdb{3l}}u3))uog}ovjm'mqvm'fip'ul)jgmb|'ulu)okir}$rq

Ommj}jigohjg`iig=Uq3l}}u3))vvv'fdogb}vi{n'aid)gbvq)q}i{z);2;:66)gbvq)go}jig)aigmj}jigoh$

aoql$}{ogq`b{$u{if{od$}i$b|uogm$rg}jh$uii{bq}$;5$ub{abg}$o{b$aipb{bm$dmoql$ jgogab$aljb`

=Uqkrmfb}ohhiao}jig3l}}u3))vvv'jg}b{onqzig'aid)o{}jahb);52=6)aa}$o}b$ru$diq}$i`$mqvm$krmfb}$

jgahrmjgf$mjqoq}b{$ojm$$$$qiajoh$vo}al

[bqbo{aligb``ba}jpbgbqqi`=Uq3 l}}u3))vvv'omk'i{f)urkhjao}jigq)aigmj}jigoh$aoql$}{ogq`b{$

u{if{odq$b``ba}jpb$}iih$uipb{}z$ohhbpjo}jig

U{b`b{bgabi`=Uqkbgb`jajo{jbq3 U{b`b{bgabi`l}}u3))vvv'qrgq}o{'aid'ul)dogjho)hiaoh$

gbvq);5??)56);6)aoql$}{ogq`b{$kbgb`jajo{jbq$u{b`b{$cikq$digbz$q}rmz$qozq$?0:1:? Jduoa}bpohro}jigi`=Uq3l}}u3))vvv'omk'i{f)qj}bq)mb`orh})`jhbq)urk);55


21/24

1'1,j*Lboh}lao{bDzogdo{

Bq}okhjqljgfogmBduivb{jgfHiaohjsbmAiddrgj}zLboh}lAo{b

JgKr{do,Dzogdo{*(doci{j}zi`}lbuiurho}jigjqhjpjgfvj}logjgaidboqhivoq16:'0ub{ub{qig

,RGmo}o(;55:*vljhb}lbfipb{gdbg}b|ubgmj}r{biglboh}ljqhbqq}log1ub{abg}i`FMU,AJO*'

]lb airg}{z lboh}l ao{b qzq}bd jq abg}{ohjsbm ogm jq u{jpo}jsbm vj}l b|abu}jig ì{ aiddb{ajoh

ur{uiqb']lbfipb{gdbg}q abg}{ohjsbmlboh}l ao{b qzq}bdfro{og}bb }lb `{bb lboh}l ao{b ì{ohh

aj}jsbgqo}q}o}b$iub{o}bmliquj}ohqvljhb}lbliquj}ohhoanqb``jajbg}lboh}lao{bòarh}jbq(òajhj}jbq

ogm dbmjajgbq ,Qbb Djgjq}{z i` Lboh}l( Dzogdo{*' Dzogdo{ Ulo{doabr}jaoh @oa}i{z ,DU@* jqqruuiqbm}ikbdogròa}r{jgfdbmjajgbqgbabqqo{zì{doci{uiurho}jig'DU@jqgi}okhb}iqruuhz

}lbdbmjajgohgbbmqi`}lbliquj}ohqgo}jigvjmb'Djgjq}{zi`Lboh}l,Dzogdo{*loquo{}gb{bmvj}l

@i{bjfgOjmq(Migi{qogm JGFIqjg `jfl}jgfofojgq}}l{bo}bgjgfmjqboqbqqraloq]Kq(Doho{joqogm

LJP)OJMQ'Rgjig i`Dzogdo{Baigidjaq LihmjgfqHjdj}bm( ho{fbq}ai{ui{o}jig {rgkz {b}j{bm }iu

fipb{gdbg}i``jajohqloqjgpihpbmogmiub{o}bmu{jpo}baiddb{ajohlboh}lao{bqb{pjabqoa{iqq}lb

go}jigbj}lb{jgqihbivgb{qljui{jguo{}gb{qlju']lb{bo{bhbqq}log;55u{jpo}baiddb{ajohlboh}l

ao{bqb{pjabqogm}lirqogmqi`FUahjgjaqgo}jigvjmb,Zogfig)DogmohozMj{ba}i{z;5?;*'Doci{j}z

iù{jpo}blboh}lqb{pjabqo{bbq}okhjqlbmjgr{kogo{bomrb}iui}bg}johu{i`j}okjhj}z'Uiurho}jigjg

{r{oho{boqogmqrkr{kogo{boqo{b{bhzjgfigaiddrgj}zkoqbmgig$u{i`j}lboh}lao{bogmuo{}$}jdb

lboh}lpihrg}bb{f{iruq,QbbDzogdo{GFI)JGFIqMj{ba}i{z(;55:*']lbqbgig$u{i`j}f{iruqlopb

hjdj}bmlboh}lao{bogm`jgogajoh{bqir{abqqjgabdogzi`}lbdo{b{bhzjgfighiaohu{jpo}bmigi{q'

U{ipjmjgfohhaj}jsbgqi`Qir}lboq}Oqjovj}lkoqjalboh}lao{b(poaajgo}jigqogmqogj}o}jigvjhhk{jgfo

f{bo}dogzompog}ofbq }i }lb{bfjig( j}qqiajb}z ogmai{{bho}bm qba}i{mbpbhiudbg}'Kbjgfo nbz

aig}{jkr}jgf òa}i{}ii}lb{qba}i{q qraloqbaigidjaq(bmrao}jigogmuihj}jaq(}lbjqqrbi` lboh}l

u{idi}jig jg }lb QBO {bfjig vjhh lopb mj{ba} jduoa} ig oaljbpjgf }l{bb DMFq ,Djhhbggjrd

Mbpbhiudbg} Fiohq*> {bmrajgf aljhm di{}ohj}z {o}bq( jdu{ipjgf do}b{goh lboh}l( aidko}jgf

LJP)OJMQ(doho{jo(ogmi}lb{ mjqboqbq' Igbi` }lbmbpbhiujgf airg}{jbq jg }lb{bfjig hjnb Kr{do

,Dzogdo{*ogmj}qaj}jsbgqa{rajohhzogmr{fbg}hzgbbmqralof{bo}kbgb`j}q']ijduhbdbg}}lbjmbo(

Dzogdo{gbbmq}ivi{nigof{bo}dogzjdui{}og}}ljgfqbj}lb{igfipb{gdbg}ohalogfbqqraloq

{bq}{ra}r{jgflboh}lao{bqzq}bd({baigq}j}r}jgflboh}l ao{bkjhhqogmmbpbhiujgfdi{blboh}lao{b

u{i`bqqjigohqi{ ig aiddrgj}z qba}i{ bduivb{dbg} qral oq qruui{}jgf aiddrgj}z lboh}l ao{b

f{iruqogmuo{}$}jdbpihrg}bb{qvj}llboh}lao{bòajhj}jbq(dogofbdbg}ogmbmrao}jig(òajhj}o}jgf

jgìrgmjgfaiddrgj}zlboh}l{bqbo{al hokq ogmbgair{ofjgfgig$u{i`j}lboh}l ao{b f{iru{rgkz

hiaohaiddrgj}jbq'Odigf}lb}viiu}jigq(}lbho}}b{virhmkbdi{bouu{iu{jo}bogm{bohjq}jaqjgab

ogz fipb{gdbg}oh alogfbq virhm }onb ru }i di{b }log }vi mbaombq' ]lb jmbo vjhh mb`jgj}bhz

jga{boqb}lbgrdkb{i`{babju}uiurho}jigì{o`ì{mokhblboh}lao{bogmjqhjnbhz}ilopbjduoa}ig

}lb jgaidb i` u{jpo}b aiddb{ajoh lboh}l ao{b' Ogm( }lb mjqompog}ofbq ì{ aiddb{ajoh qba}i{ jq

gbfhjfjkhbqjgabuiurho}jigvljalgbbmqqubajohao{bvjhhfiì{u{jpo}blboh}lao{b' ]ijduhbdbg}

}lb jmbo i` bduivb{jgf aiddrgj}z lboh}l ao{b f{iruq( Kr{do ,Dzogdo{* gbbmq b|ub{jbgabm}{ojgb{q ogmb|ub{}q jg }lb `jbhm i` gig$u{i`j} lboh}l ao{bdogofbdbg}( urkhja lboh}l bmrao}jig(


22/24

urkhja lboh}l {bqbo{al ogmdbmjaoh òarh}zbmrao}jig' Ohqi( lboh}l ao{b òajhj}jbq( dbmjajgbq ogm

dikjhb ahjgjaoh òajhj}jbq o{b gbbmbm }i kb bduhizbm ì{ ir}{boaljgf }lb {r{oh aiddrgj}z vj}lhjdj}bmdbmjaohòarh}jbqdikjhj}z']lbvbhh$brjuubmlboh}lao{bjgq}j}r}jigqo{b}ikbbq}okhjqlbm

go}jigvjmbogm}ikbgb}vi{nbmvj}li}lb{lboh}lao{bf{iruqjg}lbQBO{bfjig']l{irfl}liqb

bduivb{bm aiddrgj}z lboh}l ao{b jgq}j}r}jigq( aj}jsbgqvjhh {babjpbo`ì{mokhb }{bo}dbg}(lboh}l

bmrao}jigogmbgpj{igdbg}ohlboh}lompjabq']liqbjgq}j}r}jigqvjhhohqikbq}{igfompiao}jgfì{abq

ì{urkhjalboh}ljg}lb{bfjig']lbigb}lbighzalohhbgfjgfrbq}jigjqVirhmKr{do,Dzogdo{*

fipb{gdbg}ohhivqralof{bo}mbabg}{ohjso}jigigurkhjalboh}lao{b9

[b`b{bgabq3

l}}u3))mo}o'rg'i{f)Airg}{zU{i`jhb'oqu|9a{Godb4DZOGDO[!Baigidja

l}}uq3))vvv'ajo'fip)hjk{o{z)urkhjao}jigq)}lb$vi{hm$òa}kiin)fbiq)kd'l}dh

l}}u3))vvv'oggohq'i{f)aig}bg})?=


23/24

1'1,jj*Lboh}lao{b

Hoiq

Lboh}l{bho}bm}iLJP)OJMQ

Jg}{imra}jig3

LJPkbaidbq}lbfhikohaigab{goqvbhhoq}l{bo}}iohhi`lrdog{bfo{mhbqqgo}jigohj}z(airg}{z(qb|(

qb|roh i{jbg}o}jig( ofb( {bhjfjig ogm {oab' LJPloq }lb }{bdbgmirq gbfo}jpb jduoa} }lbgo}jigoh

lrdog {bqir{ab ogm qbpb{oh aiduhjao}bm ikq}oahbq' J} loq kbbg {bui{}bm kz }lb Vi{hm Lboh}l

I{fogjso}jig,VLI*}lo}Zirgfubiuhbofb?=$;2zbo{qihmo{baig}{oa}jgfLJP)OJMQbpb{zmozogm

bgmru}lbj{hj`bjgqralmbpoq}o}jgfvoz'Livbpb{(zirgfubiuhbjgfbgb{ohogmzirgfnbzo``ba}bm

uiurho}jigmig}fb}bgirfloaabqq}iqb|rohlboh}lbmrao}jig({jfl}q}ilboh}l}{bo}dbg}ogmdogz

a{rajohqruui{}q(mrb}i}lbhoani` fipb{gdbg}qruui{})uihjaz'Dogzi{fogjso}jigqohho{irgm}lb

vi{hmo{bvi{njgfigzir}l{bho}bm}iLJP)OJMQogmzir}lmbpbhiudbg}jqqrbkr}zirgfubiuhbo{b

gi}aigqjmb{bm}ikbouo{}i`mbajqjigdonjgfu{iabqqogmi}lb{mbpbhiudbg}}oqni`}lbgo}jig(

vljalloqogbfo}jpbb``ba}}i}lbj{aouoaj}z(hbomb{qljuogm{bquigqjkjhj}z}i}lbqiajohmbpbhiudbg}

i`}lbairg}{z(bpbg}lbj{ivglboh}li{hj`b'

Qihr}jig3

Bduivb{zirgfubiuhbo}}lbairg}{zhbpbh}i}onbivgb{qljui`}lbLJP{bquigqb

Zirgfubiuhblopba{j}jaohogmu{idjgbg}{ihbq}iuhozjgk{iomb{LJPmjohifrbqogmmbajqjig$donjgf

kbzigm jqqrbq {bho}jgf qubaj`jaohhz }izirgf ubiuhb'Vljhb zir}l bduivb{dbg}ogmuo{}jajuo}jig

loq jdu{ipbm ipb{ }lb hoq} `bv zbo{q o} }lb {bfjigoh hbpbh( iuui{}rgj}jbq `i{ dbogjgf`rh zir}l

uo{}jajuo}jigo{bq}jhhhoanjgfo}}lbairg}{zhbpbh' J`}lbLJP{bquigqbjq}ikbjglb{j}bmkz }imozq

fbgb{o}jigi`zir}l(}lbg}lb}{ogq`b{bgabi`gbabqqo{zqnjhhq(b|ub{jbgab(ogmaouoaj}z`{idomrh}q

}izirgfubiuhbo}}lbairg}{zhbpbhdrq}kbfjg}imoz'

Qruui{}q}{igfb{uo{}gb{qljuqkb}vbbgzirgfnbzo``ba}bmuiurho}jigqogm}lbLJP{bquigqb

Aiddrgj}jbqi`zirgfnbz$o``ba}bmuiurho}jigq(uo{}jarho{hzzirgfubiuhbhjpjgfvj}lLJP(lopbo

a{rajoh{ihb}iuhozjg}lbOJMQ{bquigqb'Fipb{gdbg}qdrq}qruui{}bdb{fjgfhbomb{qljui`zirgf

Nbz$o``ba}bmuiurho}jigq(}lbjg}bf{o}jigi`ZUHLJPvj}ljg}lbuiqj}jpbogmzir}laiddrgj}jbq(ogm

}lbj{dbogjgf`rhbgfofbdbg}jguihjazogmu{if{odmbpbhiudbg}(jduhbdbg}o}jig(ogmbpohro}jig

jgi{mb{}im{jpb}lbgb|}q}ofbi`}lb{bquigqb'

Oangivhbmfbogm{bquigm}i}lbmjpb{qj}zi`zirgfubiuhb

Zirgfubiuhbo{baiduiqbmi`omjpb{qj}zi`qrk$uiurho}jigq}lo}lopbrgjrbogmalogfjgfgbbmq

vj}l {bquba} }i {jfl}q }i u{bpbg}jig( }{bo}dbg}( ao{b ogm qruui{}' Fjpbg }lbj{ mjpb{qj}z( zirgf

ubiuhb{brj{buo{}jarho{jg}b{pbg}jigq(vljaldozmj``b{`{id}lbj{ihmb{airg}b{uo{}qogmubb{q'

Uihjazdonb{qogmu{if{odmbpbhiub{qdrq}oangivhbmfbliva{j}jaohj}jq}i`rhhzrgmb{q}ogm}lbqb


24/24

alogfjgfgbbmqogm}i{bquigmouu{iu{jo}bhz(qruui{}jgf}lblboh}l({jfl}qogmmjfgj}ziòhhzirgf

ubiuhb'

Omm{bqq}lbhbfoh(uihjazogmqiajohko{{jb{q}lo}zirgfnbzo``ba}bmuiurho}jigqòabkbzigm

u{bpbg}jig(}{bo}dbg}(ao{bogmqruui{}gbbmq

Zirgfqb|vi{nb{q(zirgfubiuhbvlirqbm{rfq(zirgfdbgvlilopbqb|vj}ldbg(zirgfvidbg(

do{{jbm omihbqabg}q( zirgf ubiuhb hjpjgf vj}l LJP( ogm zirgf djf{og}q ogm {b`rfbbq kbo{ o

qjfgj`jaog}kr{mbgi`}lbLJPbujmbdjaqoa{iqq}lbvi{hm'Jgi{mb{}idonbjgmbubgmbg}(jgì{dbm

mbajqjigqogm}i oaabqq}lb `rhhbq}{ogfbi`LJPqb{pjabq(}lbzdrq}hjpb jgqruui{}jpblirqblihmq(

aiddrgj}jbqogmairg}{jbq(vlb{bqiajohgi{dq(uihjajbq(ogmhovqu{i}ba}}lbj{{jfl}q'

Bgqr{b}lo}}lbqiajibaigidjagbbmqi`zirgfubiuhbhjpjgfvj}lLJPo{bomm{bqqbm(jgahrmjgf}lb

opojhokjhj}zogmqrq}ojgokjhj}ziÒ[Pqogm}{bo}dbg}iu}jigq

Fipb{gdbg}qqlirhmjmbg}j`zogmqruui{}dbalogjqdq}ijga{boqboaabqq}i}{bo}dbg}ì{ZUHLJP(

mrb}iZirgfubiuhbhjpjgfvj}lLJPi`}bgao{{zolbopjb{kr{mbgi`hiinjgfì{`jgogabq}iaipb{

aiq}qì{}{bo}dbg}i`LJP'@r{}lb{(ZUHLJPi`}bg hoanoaabqq}ijgqr{ogabuhogqogmo{brgokhb}i

qbbnqruui{}`{id}lbj{òdjhjbqmrb}i`bo{i`jqiho}jigogm{bcba}jig'

Qruui{}jg}bf{o}bm`rgmjgfi`qb|rohogm{bu{imra}jpblboh}logmLJPjg}b{pbg}jigqì{zir}l

Fipb{gdbg}qqlirhmu{ipjmb `rgmjgf}lo}qruui{}q jg}bf{o}bmu{if{oddjgf ì{zir}l}i hbpb{ofb

b`ì{}q}iu{bpbg}LJPogmu{idi}bqb|rohogm{bu{imra}jpblboh}logm{jfl}qì{zirgfubiuhb'

[bqbo{al3

NbzOmpiaoazDbqqofbqì{ZirgfUbiuhbì{}lb;5??Rgj}bmGo}jigqFbgb{ohOqqbdkhzLjflHbpbh

Dbb}jgfigOJMQ(GbvZi{nAj}z(RQO'

l}}uq3))miaq'fiifhb'aid)pjbvb{9o4p4aoalb3G{Q?1HAI=A=C3vvv'zir}laiohj}jig'i{f)o}}oalq)Nbz

";2;5Ompiaoaz";2;5Dbqqofbq";2;5ì{";2;5Zir}l$

";2;5RGFOQQ";2;5;5??'um`.lh4bgfh4houjm4khq{ajm4OMFBBQcb=|Bl1Q`|]koAqs:gdI\FK6l

nDRpUn@$

mrBCKhv=s`@GZaSm}AOzZz?FPGf{gK?;qc2{[QF;SLksJ\A[|q{[V:AArJ``sU:PN[qzvV6jRlIhsg;c]su

gMY@Fq=@g\{FF`Pqjf4OLJB}kQ6OY65cS?P|bKYIc[

Documents

SEAL 2012 - Position Papers