Volume l •. Number 1 Summer ·1994

Editorial and Publications Committee

Chair E. L. Ve.nr\c~

Members G. E. Backus B. L. Deck N . .E. Graham 0. P. Rogers R. E. Shadwick J. A. Smith M. Wahlen

Student Member E. Winter

Ex Officio Members W. j, Goff K. K. Kuhns R. H. Rosenblatt

Consultants T. Collins R .. G. Shelly

Scripps .Institution of Oceanosrophy Exploratloos repklces two Scripps publicalioM, the newsfeller and the annual report, This new pub!icolion

inform~ and educates the ,ptlbhc, our alumni, the scientific community,

and Scripps's friends oboul ongoing research and events. Explorailont is published four times a year ine!uding one expanded annual report edmon.

Copyright 1994, !SSN 1075·2560,

Explorations Staff

Managing Editor Kittie Kerr Kuhns

Art Director Steven D. Cook

Associate Editor Nan P. Criqui

Graphic Designer leah Hewitt

Writers Cindy l. Clark Chuck Colgan joe Hlebica janet Howard Paige A. jennings

Photo Unit Susan R. Green jennie Hinkle Mary Wickline

Please address all inquiries to: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Explorations University of California, San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Publications Office 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept 0233B La Jolla, CA 92093-0233

University of California, San Diego

SCR I PPS I NSTITUT I ON OF OCEANOGRAPHY

EXPL RATIONS G I o b a I Discoveries f o r Tomorrow ' s W o r I d

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 2

FEATURES

Beneath the Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Diving the Final Frontier

Waves through the Earth ............................................................ 1 0

Earthquakes and the Role of Project IDA

Pieces of the Puzzle .. .................................................................. 18

Project WOCE and Understanding Ocean Circulation

COLUMNS

Around the Pier ....................................................................... 25

Scripps PartnerShips ................................................................. 26

Standing Watch ....................................................................... 26

The Water Column ................................................................... 27

Dedication : Joseph L. Reid ....................................................... 28

1993 ANNUAL REPORT

Research Activities .................................................................. 30

Graduate Programs .................................................................. 36

Seagoing Operations .............................................................. 39

Current Funds .......................................................................... 42

Financial Support ......................................................... ........... 43

Organization ....... .' ................................................................. 50

Awards & Honors ......................................................... ........... 52

Academic Staff .............................. , ......................................... 53

Publications ............................................................................. 56

Regents & Officers ................................................................... 63

In Memoriam ........................................................................... 64

Diredor's Council•

Edward A. Frieman Director, Scripps Institution

of Oceanogra phy

Linden Blue Vice Chairman, General Atomics

Walter Cronkite Senior Correspondent, CBS, Inc.

Ted Danson Actor; Founder, American Oceans Campaign

Robert Frosch Vice President, General Motors Research Laboratory

Eugene Fubini Consultant

Cecil Green Founder, Texas Instruments

Gordon Moore Chairman of the Board, Intel Corporation

David Packard

Chairmon, Hewlett·Packord ComPQny

Fronk Pre55

President, National Academy of Sciences

Burton Richter Nobel Laureote; Director, Stanford University linear Aecelerotar Center

William Ruckelshaus Chairmcm of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, Browning-Ferris Industries

Jonas Salk founding Director, Solk Institute

Jomes Wotkins Former Secretory of Energy; Admiral, USN, Retired

• Current June 30, 1993

I n t r 0 d

• .. • • • :·•· • • .• • 1i • • • • • • • • •· • • • • • • • .• • ... :'' • • • • • • • • • • • .. . . .... .. ... . . ·;.. • .. •.. • • _:_.... ... • • • • • • • • ···:·._ • • • •. \· • ···: • . • • • • • • ..••• -:... • • • • • • • •

SUMMER 1994

2

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A recurrent theme at Scripps this year

is "change." Changes are apparent at

a number of levels, and affect nearly

all aspects of our institutional life.

This message is appearing in a new

format, the first edition of the

quarterly, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Explorations. This new

publication has a freshlookand will

allow additional opportunities to

present the Scripps message in

innovative ways.

Environmental concerns

increase in priority with each passing

year. The Clinton Administration

has, as a matter of policy, embraced

the conclusions of the 1992 Rio

Environmental Summit. Interna­

tional treaties have been signed

concerning ozone, biodiversity, and

climate. There is a clear recognition

that these environmental issues will

play critically important roles in the

nation's geopolitical, economic, and

social agenda. These actions deter­

mine the stance of our nation, and of

the world community into the next

century and are being orchestrated

now with emphasis on seeking rapid

solutions.

In response to these challenges,

changes in research directions have been and are being made. "vVe are

attempting to integrate governmen­

tal goals and objectives, societal

needs and strategic research to make

Scripps an international center of

excellence and a resource for the

c t t 0 n

converging needs of science and

society. The historical mission of

basic ocean science has served the

institution well, but we are now

being faced with demands to

enlarge that mission because of

society's needs. It is fortunate that

in many cases the science is moving

us in those directions as welL

One of our major problems,

then, is to preserve our commitment

to the fundamental concept of

pushing the frontiers of knowledge

forward while this new agenda is

being forged. To cope successfully

with this change will require a new

sense of caring within the institution.

The more established figu(es.will,

of necessity, have to assume more

protective roles vis-a-vis those who

are at earlier stages of their careers.

I am most pleased to say that among

the changes I see are a heightened

recognition of this role and an

increase in action.

Another aspect of these changes

is our expanding participation in

both national and international

partnerships with other agencies and

institutions. This endeavor includes

coordinated research activities within

the oceanographic community, joint

programs with federal agencies,

consortia with other academic

institutions, and other innovative

collaborations. Examples include the

NOAA/SIO Joint Institute for

Marine Observations and the NOAA/

University Consortium on the Ocean's Role in Climate. In addition,

a Memorandum of Understanding

was signed with the U.S. Navy

Research and Development Divi­

sion, UC Santa Barbara, and Stanford

University's Hopkins Marine Station,

Dr. Edward A. Frieman

for cooperative efforts in selected

research and monitoring activities

related to marine biotechnology and

assessment.

Fundirig sources have also been

in an increased state of flux. As

revenues from the State of California

continue to decline, the number of

large federally sponsored research

programs at Scripps has increased,

the list of federal agencies from

which we draw funds has grown, and

Scripps scientists continue to

improve their ability to compete

successfully for contracts and grants.

To aid in this effort Scripps has

sharply expanded its participation in

legislative and agency activity in

Washington, D.C.

The personal involvemeiu and

vital contributions from individuals,

philanthropic organizations, and

corporations have played a major role

in maintaining the strength of

Scripps's programs and in allowing

researchers the flexibility to pursue

innovative research. With the

creation of the Centennial Endow-

ment Fund this year, we are expand­

ing outreach efforts to individuals in

our community as well as across the

United States. The growth of our

endowment fund is a high priority

for it will ensure the financial

security of the institution into the

next century. You may ask whether or

not these changes will make Scripps

a different place. The answer is that

it already ~as in terms of its research

agenda. The institution is character­

ized by a demonstrated quality of

scientific achievement and by its

people. The evolution as described

above is a tribute to the quality of

science performed and to the

affection and dedication shown by

the Scripps "family" as change

co~~:uE ~(< I"

Edward A. Frieman, l~i~ec~9i March 1994

3

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SCRIPPS INSTITUTION 0 F OCEANOGRAPHY

III!HII'IIIIIm••••

SUMMER 1994

28

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DEDICATION

joseph L. Reid With an unassuming demeanor belying his preeminence, Professor Joe Reid shies away from taking credit for pio­

neering some of the most productive strategies and proce­dures used in understanding ocean circulation . In fact, many studies of the oceans' characteristics conducted today can be traced back to Reid's early research .

Joseph l. Reid graduated from the University of Texas with a B.A. in mathematics in 1942. During World War II,

he served as an officer aboard a U.S. Navy destroyer es­cort in the North Atlantic convoys and later in the South Pacific. Among his last duties at the end of the war was to search for survivors among the atolls and islands north of New Guinea : what he found was a lifelong fascination with the ocean .

After the war, Reid worked for the U.S. Army as a civilian in Italy, but the sea beckoned. In 1948, he enrolled at Scripps where he earned his master's degree in 1950.

He has been here ever since, engaged in studies of large­scale circulation , first at the surface, then in all the oceans, top to bottom.

Prof. Joseph L. Reid

Reid has accompl ished so much it is hard to single out

just a few examples. In 1949, he was on the very first CaiCOFI cruise, a program that continues today as the most compre­hensive investigation of a marine environment. He led NORPAC Expedition in 1955, the most ambitious oceanographic sur­vey to that time, involving 19 research vessels and 14 institu­tions from Japan, the U.S., and Canada .

He made the first direct calculations of the abyssal flow from the South Pacific into the North Pacific, and then of the

deep currents from the Pacific to the Atlantic through the Drake Passage. He collected the deepest recorded water samples from nearly seven miles down in the Mariana Trench .

Among the tales Reid tells of his adventures on the high seas, perhaps none surpass a night on Scripps 's R/V Argo in the Bering Sea during the winter of 1966. On a night with 40-knot winds, 25-foot waves, and decks covered with ice, he stood on a hatch cover with fellow researchers holding him

steady while he used a blow torch, fastened to a boat hook, to melt the ice off a sheave fifteen feet above the deck. As he recalls, "I thought it was fun at the time! "

Reid directed the Marine life Research Group from 197 4

to 1987, leading its expanding research in the biology and physical characteristics of the North Pacific . Currently he is

among the Scripps scientists conducting hydrographic studies for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. (See page 18.)

Among Reid's many honors is the Alexander Agassiz Gold

Medal from the National Academy of Sciences. An award that gives him great satisfaction is the stuffed Albatross Award from the whimsically named scientific organization, the Ameri­can Miscellaneous Society. Given for "his outrageous insis­tence that ocean circulation models should bear some resem­blance to reality, " it reflects his belief that only by measuring can you determine the truth . Much of what he has learned can be found in his more than 160 scientific publications.

Reid and his wife Freda, a phytoplankton biologist, are active members of the Scripps community. Freda came to the U.S. as a Fulbright Scholar from England . They were married in 1952 and have two sons. Joe finds time for his avocations of reading history and cabinetmaking .

Often gesturing with and puffing on his pipe, Joe Reid, now professor emeritus, maintains his pursuit of elucidating ocean circulation . He is always ready to go to sea, and eager to extend his warm, friendly manner to those who seek out his

advice and wisdom. @I

30

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READERS WILL FIND A MORE

IN-DEPTH COVERAGE OF THE

TOPICS DISCUSSED HERE

BY CONSULTING THE

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS USTED IN

THE PUBUCATIONS SECTION.

CENTER FOR COASTAL STUDIES

The Center for Coastal Studies ICCS)

is an interdisciplinary research center

that focuses on the physical and

sedimentary processes along the coastlines of the world. CCS also

manages the Hydraulics Laboratory.

Research at CCS includes fluid­

sediment interactions responsible for_

sand transport along beaches and

over the continental shelf, processes

responsible for circulation of COaStal

waters, circulation in semi-enclosed

seas and in the straits that connect

those seas to larger ocean basins,

surface gravity waves and wave­

induced currents in shallow water,

and sediment management in harbors

and estuaries. Currently there are six

groups in CCS.

The shelf dynamics group, headed

by Drs. Clinton D. Winant, Myrl C.

Hendershott, and Nancy A Bray, is

conducting a multi-year investigation

of the circulation in the Santa Barbara

Channel-Santa Maria Basin areas.

This observational program should

provide a synoptic description of the

circulation in the area, with applica­tion to oil spill .risk assessment.

· The semi-enclosed seas and straits

group, headed by Bray, is monitoring

the exchange of waters between the

Indian and Pacific oceans by

maintaining an array of pressure sensors between Indonesia and

Australia.

The nearshore dynamics group, directed by Drs. Robert T. Guza and

Richard J. Seymour, is studying wave and beach processes to understand

the dynamics of ocean surface gravity

waves on the continental shelf, and

surface-wave driven currents and

morphologic changes in the surf zone.

Field experiments are a central element of this ongoing program. .

The coastal meteorology group, headed

by Drs. Clive E. Dorman, David P.

Rogers, and Winant, is addressing the

physics that govern the atmospheric

boundary layer over the coastal ocean.

The sediment transport group, led by

Drs. Thomas G. Drake, Douglas L. Inman, and Bradley l . Werner, uses field observations, laboratory experi-

. ments, and computer simulations for

understanding the coupled nonlinear

fluid-sediment system in nearshore

processes and coastal and arid

geomorphology. Included in the group's

focus are beach morphology, coastal

sediment transport mechanics, and

dynamical models for stratigraphy

and land form patterns.

The estuarine hydrodynamics and

ecology group, headed by Dr. john

L. Largier, studies the processes, rates,

and consequences of the limited

hydrodynamic exchange that estuaries

have with the ocean. The emphasis is

on systems characteristic of Mediterra­

nean regions, with seasonal freshwater

inflow and coastal upwelling. Projects

include the role of surface fluxes in

density structures, tidal dispersion mechanisms, the return of tidal outflow

during flood tides, episodic freshwater

inflow events, and the effect of these on

larval dispersal and water quality.

CENTER FOR MARINE

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND

BIOMEDICINE

The past year saw a significant transition

in the focus of marine physiological and

biomedical research at Scripps Institution

of Oceanography with the reorganization

of the Physiological Research Laboratory

into the Center for Marine Biotechnology

and Biomedicine (CMBB). The new

center formalizes an already existing

brQad linkage between biomedical and

biotechnical research by Scripps

scientists and their colleagues in the

departments of biology and chemistry at

UC San Diego, and the departments of

medicine, neuroscience, and pharmacol­

ogy in the UC San Diego School of

Medicine.

CMBB brings a multidisciplinary focus to

issues relevant to future exploration,

utilization, and management of the

untapped biological resources of the

world's oceans. The CMBB program in

marine biotechnology focuses on

increasing knowledge and application of

chemical and molecular techniques in the

study of marine biota . Researchers hope

this will set the stage for expanded

commercial use of these organisms. The

scientists' research will range from the

study of the· special properties of marine

microbes-including those adapted to the

deepsea-to the genetic engineering of

commercially important species. Discov­

ery and utilization of natural marine

products with importance to medicine and industry will also be pursued.

Scripps's unique resources in marine

molecular biology, natural products

chemistry, marine physiology, neurobiol­

ogy, ecology, and biological oceanogra­phy will enabie exploration in the pelagic

and deep sea as well as in polar environments.

Scientists in CMBB will emphasize basic

research and training, and major cooperation with the biotechnology

industry, particularly those companies in

San Diego. CMBB researchers are

committed to monitoring and managing

the marine environment in order to

expand the potential both for basic

research and development of new

technologies.

CLIMATE RESEARCH DIVISION

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

plays a leading role in pioneering the

interdisciplinary study of the earth as a

unified system. In the Climate Research

Division (CRD), scientists study phenom­

ena that span time scales from a few

weeks to several decades. Their

research themes include predicting the

natural variability of climate and

understanding the consequences of man-made increases in the greenhouse

effect. Climate change caused by

humans is the paradigm that illustrates

why traditional disciplinary barriers in

the earth sciences are rapidly weaken­

ing. The atmosphere, the seas, the land

surface, and the world of living things

are tightly coupled in the climate

system. To understand these interac­

tions, a variety of expertise must be

brought to bear through a team

approach to research.

Current CRD research projects include the development of coupled global

ocean and atmosphere models,

assessing the role of cloud-radiation

feedbacks in climate change, and

modeling and predicting seasonal climate variability. CRD scientists

combine the analysis of large observa­

tional data sets, the development of

comprehensive numerical models of the

climate system, and the exploitation of

satellite remote sensing capabilities for

monitoring the entire planet. CRD

researchers collaborate with scientists at

Scripps and elsewhere. Their studies

focus on a wide range of regional and

global climate phenomena, including El Nino and the Southern Oscillation

(ENSO), the Indian monsoon, the

Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone,

the California Current System, and

precipitation and water supply in the

United States.

CRD scientists stress research on the

regional and transient implications of

global change for climate, · emphasizing

those aspects of climate that are

potentially predictable. Advanced

coupled ocean-atmosphere models for

ENSO prediction were recently

developed by CRD scientists and their

collaborators. This research is critical to

global change objectives, because

there are strong indications that climate

changes such as greenhouse warming

may have profound affects on ENSO

phenomena .

GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH DIVISION

Research in the Geological Research

Division (GRD) covers many subjects.

Physical and chemical processes in the

earth!s mantle and crust, including

studies of mantle and crustal evolution,

marine geology, tectonics and geophys­

ics, remote sensing, and isotope

geology and geochemistry are major areas of interest. A few investigations in

each subject area are highlighted here.

Dr. john G .. Sclater is leading the

U.S. effort of a U.S.-French project

with Drs. Robert L. Fisher, Steve C.

Conde, and David T. Sandwell as

co-investigators, to compile a compre-. hensive digital database of bathymetric

and magnetic data, and produce a

bathymetric map that will be the most

accurate portrayal ever made of the

Indian Ocean. In another study

Sandwell and Dr. Edward L. Winterer

are leading a major underway geophysical survey that uses the new

Sea Beam 2000 swath mapping

system to study the nearly continuous

volcanic ridges and seamounts that extend from near the East Pacific Rise

to about 2,600 km WNW.

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY

31

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32 •

A second GRD interest area is fluid

processes, principally on oceanic

ridge crests and at subduction zones.

Dr. Kevin M. Brown is studying the

interaction of fluids and deformation in

convergent margins, including experi­

mental and observational components.

He is observing the permeability and

heat fl.ow in accretionary wedges to

constrain hydrogeologic models.

His experimental projects emphasize

permeability changes in day-rich

sediments caused by shear and

interaction with exotic fluids

transported in fault zones.

The environmental aspect of geology,

with emphasis on ocean and climate

history, global biogeochemical cycles,

and global change, is another area of concentration by GRD scientists.

Dr. Wolfgang H . Berger's group

focuses on paleoproductivity and

carbonate preservation cycles in the

Pacific Ocean. Together with Drs.

Carina B. Lange and Arndt

Schimmelmann they developed climate

proxies for the reconstruction of the

varved sediment record of the Santa

Barbara Basin. Measuring and

understanding how the external

perturbations caused by periodic

changes of the earth's orbit rearrange

the atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere

is the focus of Dr. Timothy D. Herbert's

group. Dr. Annika B. Sanfilippo's

collaboration with a scientist from

France centers on early Cenozoic

paleoenvironmental conditions in

the Antarctic region .

Marine, atmospheric, and solar system

chemistry is being studied by Dr. Martin

Wahlen . His group focuses on con­

structing the atmospheric C02 mixing ratios from air samples occluded in the

GISP2 ice core from central Greenland,

which provides a high resolution record

over the last 250,000 years. They also

investigate the present global budget of atmospheric methane. Dr. Gunter G .

Lugmair's group studies the existence

and abundance of short lived radioac­

tive isotopes in the early solar system.

MARINE BIOLOGY

RESEARCH DIVISION

Scientists in the Marine Biology Re­

search Division IMBRD) investigate the

ecological, physiological, cellular, and

biochemical characteristics of marine

bacteria, plants, and animals. Several

studies are ongoing, including the examination of the mechanisms of

invertebrate egg and sperm interaction

!including conspecific identification in

the open ocean) and elucidation of the

symbiotic relationships between diverse

bacteria species and their invertebrate

and fish hosts. MBRD scientists are

investigating the large-scale and long­

term potential effects of global change

on the productivity and diversity of

marine ecosystems and on the distribu­

tion and abundance of marine organ­

isms in the sea. They study the funda­

mental processes affecting life and

energy flow in marine ecosystems and

study organisms in habitats ranging from

the deep sea to coastal ecosystems and

Antarctica .

Several MBRD scientists are also closely

aligned with Scripps's new Center for

Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine.

Their work focuses on the development

of natural methods for environmental

mitigation . Presently they investigate the

potential for genetically engineering

novel catabolic properties into marine

bacteria. These investigations may

enable the cloning of bacteria that

remove lead or tributyl tin deposits from

bay sediments. These same methods may also aid in the 'mining' of useful,

but rare, elements in seawater such as

cobalt. Other biotechnology research

focuses on the basic properti,es of deep­sea bacteria. Because these forms live in

cold water and under extremely high

pressures, they are likely to possess enzymes and other chemicals that are

highly stable and thus have potential

industrial applications.

MARINE LIFE RESEARCH GROUP

The Marine Life Research Group

cooperates with two other agencies in

the California Cooperative Oceanic

Fisheries Investigations ICaiCOFI) of the

California Current System. This study

has provided one of the world 's most

complete time series of data from an

important oceanic ecosystem. The

ongoing challenge to the collaborators­

the California Department of Fish and

Game and the Southwest Fisheries

Science Center of the National Marine

Fisheries Service-is to incorporate new

techniques, new concepts, and new

societal concerns. These data provide

scientists an opportunity to examine

interannual to decadal change in the

physics, chemistry, and ecology of ~n eastern boundary current system . The

recent decline in state funding for

research in the University of California

has added urgency to this evolution ,

and increased orientation toward

federal support.

Scientists recognize both the role of the

ocean's carbon in affecting atmospheric

carbon dioxide and potential global

warming, and the imminence of the

next generati.on of satellite sensors to

study the distribution of phytoplankton in

the ocean . This is leading to increased

emphasis on determining the distribu­

tions of forms of inorganic and organic

carbon land carbon's complement,

oxygen) and photosynthetic pigments.

Renewed realization that past natural

variation in populations is preserved with high resolution in varved anoxic

sediments has led to a resurgence of

'fisheries paleoceanography.' An

ecosystem, rather than single-species,

view of environmental quality has

brought about a resurgence in determin­

ing biological diversity. This implies a

rejuvenation of traditional taxonomy as

well as incorporation of the techniques

of modern population genetics.

This evolution has also stimulated an

encouraging trend-increased use of

data and cruises by Scripps researchers

and collaboration among them in

planning the new measurements.

MARINE PHYSICAL LABORATORY

Scientists in the Marine Physical

Laboratory IMPL) conduct research

programs that apply knowledge of the

ocean, its boundaries, and the sur­

rounding media to the solution of

problems in five major areas: ocean

acoustics, marine physics, marine

geophysics, signal processing, and

ocean technology.

Ocean environmental acoustics lEVA)

quantifies limitations the environment

places on acoustic systems. Scientists

study how design, performance

prediction, and operation of oceano­

graphic systems developed for undersea

use are affected by EVA A few of the

elemeAts of investigation have been

propagation effects, reflection and

scattering, ambient noise, and bottom interaction.

The study of marine physics focuses on

the affects of the oceanic physical

environment on undersea systems. The scientists' investigations vary from the

observation of large-scale eddy structures, which affect long-range

sound propagation, to the investigation

of small-scale internal waves and

turbulence, which relate to wake

detection . They also investigate cloud

cover and the detectability of surface

and air targets through the marine

atmosphere using passive optical

imaging systerns.

MPL scientists concentrate on marine

geophysics. They study basic physical

processes operating in the oceans and

in the substrate and the general

physical properties of the ocean basins

to understand the environmental

parameters affecting acoustic,

magnetic, and other types of search,

detection, and navigation systems.

This work includes studies of the broad

and fine scale topography of the ocean

floor, gravity and thermal fields, seismic

and acoustic propagation in the

seafloor, and development of technol­

ogy necessary for seafloor search,

exploration, and navigation in the

deep sea.

Research in signal processing encom­

passes all aspects of the collection,

manipulation, and output of both

analog and digital data. MPL scientists

are involved in the theoretical design,

hardware fabrication, software

development, and performance

evaluation of signal processing

systems. Projects range from the

statistical analysis of ambient ocean

noise data through the design and

fabrication of a Doppler sonar system

for the ecoustic remote sensing of

ocean current velocity.

Ocean technology is an ongoing MPL

focus. Present and future ocean systems

depend upon development of ad­

vanced ocean technology both for

environmental measurement programs

and for testing of new engineering

concepts. Work has included develop­

ment of research platforms such as FLIP;

vehicles such as Deep Tow and RUM;

sonars such as ADA, the FLIP Doppler

sonars, and the MPL modular vertical

and horizontal arrays; DIMUS signal

processing; and seafloor navigation .

Continuing programs include creating

deep-sea work vehicles, multibeam

shipboard sonars, deep-sea thrusters,

TV/ sonar imaging, advanced sonar.

array developments, and optical

imaging systems.

MARINE RESEARCH DIVISION

The studies in the Marine Research

Division span the disciplines of biological

oceanography, marine chemistry,

physical oceanography, and marine

engineering. Some of the ongoing

research is summarized below.

Drs. Mizuki Tsuchiya, Lynne D. Talley,

and others are studying the large-scale

circulation of the South Atlantic Ocean

using hydrographic data they collected

along a long meridional section extend­

ing from South Georgia Island 154°S) northward to 0°40'N. .

Dr. Gustaf Arrhenius's group studies the

characteristics of the earth's earliest

ocean and atmosphere. Dr. Peter M.

Williams and colleagues are investigat­

ing the organic carbon cycling in the

oligotrophic gyres of the North Atlantic

and Pacific oceans including the waters

off Pt. Conception, California.

The intercampus University of California

Marine Bio-Optics Group IUCMBO)

studies theoretical and applied problems

in marine optics by using both experi­

mental work at sea and modeling.

Research in the laboratories of

Dr. D. john Faulkner is directed

toward the isolation and identification

of new pharmaceuticals from marine invertebrates and the role of bioactive

chemicals in the marine environment.

In Dr. Joris Gieskes's laboratory, research­

ers study the geochemistry of borehole

fluids obtained from re-entry of aban­

doned oceanic boreholes drilled during

the Deep Sea Drilling Project and the

Ocean Drilling Program.

Drs. William H. Thomas, Carl H.

Gibson, and Maria Vernet continue their

work on the inhibition of red-tide

dinoflagellate growth by laboratory­

induced, quantified turbulent mixing.

The activities of the Ocean Engineering

Research Group include study of

sediment transport at Santa Cruz Harbor

and the performance of a new break­

water at Fisherman's Wharf in San

Francisco Bay.

S C R I P P S I N S. T I T U T I 0 N 0 F 0 C E A N 0 G R A P H Y

33 •

34

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The Polar Research Program, headed

by Dr. Osmond Holm-Hansen, is part of the multidisciplinary RACER (Research

on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates)

program.

The Sea Grant trainees in Dr. Fenical's

group continued a study of natural

products chemistry of marine ascidians

and marine bacteria as part of a

program to discover new anti-inflamma­

tory agents from marine sources. In a

National Institutes of Health-supported

study Dr. Fenical's group is focused on

developing marine compounds for the

treatment of cancer. In collaboration

with Bristol-Myers Squibb, over 600

marine organisms have been evaluated

over the past year.

NEUROBIOLOGY UNIT

The Neurobiology Unit (NUl, a

collaboration between Scripps and the

UC San Diego School of Medicine, is

part of the Marine Biomedical Program.

NU scientists note that evolution has

adapted animals to their niches so that

animal brains are built to expect and to

recognize both normal and unexpected

stimuli and react appropriately. Have

expectation, oddball recognition, and

focused attention improved in evolution?

Dr. Theodore H. Bullock's group studies

these issues by comparing brain wave

responses to controlled stimuli in taxa.

Even in the primitive brain of thornback ·

rays and in the more advanced brains

of stingrays and reptiles, a short train of

regu lar light or dark flashes sets up a kind of temporal expectation. Thus an

omitted flash or one delayed as little as

five milliseconds from its scheduled due­

time triggers a clear 'Omitted Stimulus Potential' response on a schedule

already in the forebrain, the midbrain,

and the retina of the organism. Without

directed attention this phenomenon

extends only down to about two flashes

per second. Humans who are told to

pay attention show a response at longer

intervals, but such 'cognitive waves'

have different dynamics and loci in the

brain. Experiments on animals trained to

pay attention have not yet been done.

Scientists in Dr. R. Glenn Northcutt's

laboratory revealed new features of

forebrain organization and evolution in

hagfishes and lampreys and lateral line

development in amphibians and fishes.

The largest collection of nerve cells in

the hagfish forebrain is now known to

be the posterior portion of the forebrain,

rather than a major motor division of the

anterior subdivision of the forebrain

(telencephalon).

Dr. Northcutt's group has also found that

the main afferent Onward conducting)

and efferent (outward conducting)

connections of the telencephalon in

lampreys are remarkably similar to those

in amphibians. The researchers' studies

of the lateral line system in hagfishes

reveal that embryos possess rudiments

for neuromast receptors, which are lost

during development of the adults,

although the lateral line ner:ves are,

remarkably, retained.

PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

RESEARCH DIVISION

Scientists in the Physical Oceanography

Research Division IPORD) study a range

of topics both observational and

theoretical related to the physics of the

ocean. More than half of the forty

PORD investigators hold joint appoint­

ments in another division, center, or institute at Scripps, which provides for

a wide diversity of research and

opportunities for cross-disciplinary communication.

Some PORD researchers study the large­

scale circulation of the world's oceans, circulation over the continental shelf, in

the marginal seas and through straits, in

estuaries, and in the surf zone of open shorelines. Others examine the interac-

tion between the ocean and the

atmosphere, including large-scale

forcing by wind and heat transfer; the

absorption of gases into the very near­

surface layer; the creation and mainte­

nance of the surface mixed layer; and

feedback mechanisms between the

atmosphere, the ocean, and cloud

formation.

Theoretical studies range from classical

fluid dynamics problems, such as

irwestigations into the basic nature of

diffusion and idealized vortex interac­

tions, to models of the large-scale

ocean circulation and of the atmo­

spheric marine boundary layer. Many

PORD scientists work simultaneously in

several areas, for example mixing

modeling and theory with observations

to check hypotheses and stimulate new

approaches.

Many of the PORD researchers work

on the development of new sensors

or measurement technology to aid in

ocean studies. Recent developments

include a family of very long-term, deep

autonomous drifters (some with sophisti­

cated profiling abilities), surface drifters

with meteorological capabilities, high­

resolution bottom pressure and electro­

magnetic sensors for deep-ocean

applications, and high-resolution,

sector-scanned versions of Acoustic

Doppler Current Profilers.

CALIFORNIA SPACE INSTITUTE

The California Space Institute

(~aiSpace) is a multi-campus unit of the

University of California, which conducts

and supports space and earth related sciences, education, and research.

Through collaboration, research, and

joint faculty appointments, CaiSpace has developed dose ties with many departments at UC San Diego and

other UC campuses. The CaiSpace

research staff, headed by Dr. Sally K. Ride and Associate Director Dr. David P. Rogers, numbers approximately two dozen scientists, and conducts pure and

applied research in interdisciplinary

fields.

CaiSpace researchers investigate

fundamental aspects of climate

dynamics and global change caused

by both natural and human forces,

using large observational data sets,

comprehensive numerical climate system

models and data from satellite remote

sensing. Some current studies are

discussed below.

Ongoing studies of the California

Current System involve construction of a

high-resolution primitive-equation model

of this system. Research in trace gases

and atmospheric transport involves

adoption of an atmospheric transport

model to validate satellite measurements

of carbon released as a result of

biomass burning.

West African rainfall variability is being

monitored in a six-year project to

estimate interannual rainfall variability

over the Sudano-Sahelian region and to

establish a relationship to convective

. events associated with the Intertropical

Convergence Zone and. its monthly

mean position. Hydrological cycle modeling at CaiSpace includes

developing regional model simulations

of monthly averaged surface precipita­

tion and temperature and comparing

these simulations with observed

conditions.

Three-dimensional cloud imaging and

model simulations are being done at

CaiSpace and Scripps. Scientists are

building a cloud imager that recon­structs 3-D cloud structures to assist in

analyzing and classifying satellite

observations. Ship sounding data and

satellite observations from the Earth

Radiation Budget Experiment are being

used to study the physics of convection

and the super greenhouse effect.

Scientists are focusing on the physics of the greenhouse effect and its interrela­tionship with convection and sea

surface temperature.

A statistical treatment of infrared

radiative transfer (transfer of heat by

electromagnetic reaction) through

random fractal cloud fields is being

investigated to find the affects of

inhomogeneous cloud structure on

possible increase in infrared radiation.

A study is being done of primary

productivity using space and airborne

instrumentation sensitive to ocean color

variations, which result from changes in

phytoplankton pigment concentration.

. Also, collection of in situ atmospheric

emission measurements is being made

for ~adiative budget studies.

INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS

AND PLANETARY PHYSICS

The San Diego branch of the University

of California systemwide )nstitute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics

(IGPP) is located at Scripps and is

strongly linked to Scripps through joint

faculty appointments, research interests,

and shared facilities. Other IGPP

branches are located at the los Angeles

and Riverside campuses and at the los

Alamos and lawrence livermore

national laboratories.

IGPP research at .Scripps spans many

disciplines, including seismology and

geodesy. Globa I seismology-the study

of earthquakes or other vibrations in the

earth produced both naturally and

artificially-is studied by Drs. j. Freeman

Gilbert, T. Guy Masters, and Peter M.

Shearer. Drs. jonathan Berger, jean­

Francois Fels, Holly K. Given, and Frank l. Vernon focus their research on

the development and operation of global seismic networks.

Investigations of the size and shape of

the earth, location of fixed points using earth-based coordinate systems, and

study of the earth's gravitational field

form the basis of research in geodesy.

Drs. Duncan C. Agnew, Yehuda Bock,

Peng Fang, Jean-Bernard Minster, Frank

K. Wyatt, and Mark A Zumberge

concentrate their efforts in geodesy.

Study of the pressure, velocity, and

acceleration of fluids, either at rest or in

motion, defines the field of fluid ·

mechanics. IGPP investigations in this

area are carried out by Drs. Glenn R.

lerely, Myrl C. Hendershott, John W.

Miles, and Rick l. Salmon. Drs. Peter

F. Worcester and Walter H. Munk

continue their studies of marine

acoustics.

Work in marine geophysics is carried

out by Drs. Steve C. Constable, Alistair

j. Harding, and John A Orcutt. The

forces and pr0cesses of the earth's

interior define geodynamics studied at

IGPP by Dr. W. Jason Phipps-Morgan.

Drs. George E. Backus, Cathy G.

Constable, and Robert l. Parker

concentrate on theoretical geophysics.

The rapid growth of IGPP research

programs necessitated an expansion in

laboratory and office space. The

expansion was made possible by

contributions to the Cecil and Ida

Green Foundation for the Earth

Sciences by Cecil Green, Walter and

judith Munk, and Ellen and the late

Roger Revelle. A pedestrian crossing,

one of the few cable-stayed bridges in

the United States, will connect the new

building to one across the road.

Many of the scientific projects being conducted at Scripps are presented briefly in the Research Activities section . Each division provided their description. The majority of these studies are funded by the National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Department of Commerce, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. Army, and other governmental agencies.

FOR READERS INTERESTED

IN A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION

OF EACH SCIENTIST'S WORK,

PLEASE REQUEST A RESEARCH

ACTIVITIES BOOKLET FROM:

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OFFICE

9500 GILMAN DRIVE DEPT 02338

LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 92093-0233.

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY

35

•

36

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THE GRADUATE DEPARTMENT

OF THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF

OCEANOGRAPHY OFFERS INSTRUGION

LEADING TO PH.D. DEGREES IN

OCEANOGRAPHY, MARINE BIOLOGY,

AND EARTH SCIENCES.

Because of the interdisciplinary nature

of the ocean sciences, the department

provides a choice of seven curricular

prog rams through which the student

may pursue a five-year Ph.D. degree.

Ea·ch of these curricular groups has

prerequisites for admission in addition

to the departmental requirements:

The curricular programs are described

below. For application procedures and

more informa tion, please write to:

University of California, San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Graduate Department 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0208 La Jolla, California 92093-0208.

DRS. RICHARD ROSENBLATT AND CHIN LAI EXAMINE A LUMINESCENT FISH DURING A TEACHING CRUISE

ABOARD R/V ROBERT GORDON SPROUL

APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCES

This interdepartmental curriculum

combines the resources of the Scripps

Graduate Department with those of the

Department of Applied Mechanics and

Engineering Sciences and the Depart­

ment of Electrical and Computer

Engineering, on the UC San Diego

campus.

Engineers gain a substantial education

in oceanography, and oceanographers

receive training in modern engineering.

Instruction and basic research include

the applied science of the sea, and

structural, mechanical, material,

electrical, and physiological problems

within the ocean.

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

In the biological oceanography

curriculum, the interactions of marine

organisms with the physical-chemical

environment and with each other are

studied. Research and instruction in this

curriculum range from food-chain

dynamics and community structure to

taxonomy, behavior, physiology, and

z'?ogeography.

GEOCHEMISTRY AND

MARINE CHEMISTRY

The geochemistry and marine chemistry

curriculum emphasizes the chemical and

geochemical processes operating in the

oceans, the solid earth, the atmosphere,

marine organisms, polar ice sheets,

lakes, meteorites, and the solar system.

This program, designed for students

with undergraduate majors in either

chemistry or geology, features areas

of advanced study and research that

include the physical and inorganic

chemistry of seawater; ocean circula­

tion and mixing based on chemical and

isotopic tracers; marine organic and

natural products chemistry; geochemical

interactions of sediments with seawater

and interstitial waters; geochemistries of volcanic and geothermal phenom- ·

ena; chemical exchanges between the

ocean and the atmosphere; geochemi­

cal cycles of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen,

and other elements; isotope geochemis­

try of the solid earth and meteorites;

atmospheric trace gas chemistry;

paleoatmospheric composition recorded in polar ice cores and in sediments;

and chemistry of lakes and other freshwater systems. .

GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES

This curriculum applies observational,

experimental, and theoretical methods

to the understanding of the solid earth

and solar system and how they relate to

the ocean and atmosphere. Principal

subprograms are marine geology and

geophysics, tectonics, sedimentology,

micropaleontology and paleoc~n­ography, petrology and geochemistry,

and isotope geology. Expedition work

at sea, and field work on land are

emphasized as essential complements

to laboratory and theoretical studies.

GEOPHYSICS

This curriculum educates the student

about the physics of the solid earth,

including the earth's magnetic field,

the mechanics of tectonic processes,

earthquakes and the waves they

produce, the physics of the earth's

interior, and mathematical methods

for analyzing data and interpreting

them in terms of models of the earth.

The program emphasizes physical

and mathematical approaches to

geophysical research.

MARINE BIOLOGY

The marine biology curriculum

emphasizes the biology of marine

organisms-animals, plants, and

prokaryotes. The research and teaching

' encompass a range of biological

disciplines, including biomechanics,

evolution,· behavior, neurobiology,

developmental biology, and compara­

tive physiology /biochemistry.

PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

Studies in physical oceanography

include observation , analysis, and

theoretical interpretation of the general circulation of ocean currents and the

transport of dissolved and suspended

substances and heat; the distribution

and variation of oceanic properties;

the propagation of sound and electro­

magnetic energy in the ocean; and

the properties and propagation of ocean waves.

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY

37

•

38 •

STUDENT ENROLLMENT

In the fall of 1992, 34 new students

were admitted to graduate study. Of

these, 1 0 were in marine biology, 4 in

geological sciences, 6 in geochemistry

and marine chemistry, 4 in geophysics,

3 in physical oceanography, 2 in

applied ocean sciences, and 5 in

biological oceanography. Enrollment

at the beginning of the academic year

was 1 8 3. UC San Diego awarded

26 Doctor of Philosophy degrees

and 3 Master of Science degrees

to the students listed in this section.

GRADUATE STUDENTS

AND DEGREE RECIPIENTS

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREES

AWARDED, WITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS

EARTH SCIENCES

Eun joo Borg, "Studies of Beryllium

Geochemistry in Soils: Feasibility

of Using Ratios 10Be/9Be for Age

Determination."

Hadley 0. Johnson, "Techniques and

Studies in Crustal Deformation ."

Graham M. Kent, "A Multichannel

Seismic Investigation of Magma

Chamber Structure Along the East

Pacific Rise: Implications for Models

of Ridge Segmentation."

Kristen Nilsson, "Oxidation State, Sulfur

Speciation, and Sulfur Concentration in

Basaltic Magmas: Examples from Hess

D~p and the La~ Basin ."

Jeffrey D. Schuffert, "Formation of

Modern Phosphorite off Southern Baja California, Mexico: Mechanism, Rates,

and Controls."

MARINE BIOLOGY

Elizabeth P. Dahlhoff, "Physiological

Adaptations to Temperature in Hydro­

thermal Vent Invertebrates and Abalo-nes."

Heidi Dewar, "Studies of Tropical Tuna

Swimming Performance: Thermoregula­

tion, Energetics and Swimming

Mechanics."

Ronald S. Kaufmann, "The Behavior,

Physiology and Ecology of Scavenging

Lysianassoid Amphipods, with Compari­

sons between Shallow- and Deep­

Water Species."

Jen-jen Lin, "Thermal Adaptation of

Cytoplasmic Malate Dehydrogenases

of Teleost Fishes."

Kevin W. Mandernack, "Oxygen

Isotopic, Mineralogical and Field

Studies of Microbial Manganese Oxidation."

Patricia E. Rosel, "Genetic Population

Structure and Systematic Relationships

of Some Small Cetaceans Inferred from

Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Varia­tion."

T zung-Horng Yang, "The Physiological

and Biochemical Responses of Fishes to

Different Oxygen Concentrations and . Feeding Conditions."

OCEANOGRAPHY

Saima Aijaz, "Dynamic Shear Stress in

Fluid-Mud Suspensions."

Steven P. A nderson, "Shear, Strain and

Thermohaline Vertical Fine Structure in

the Upper Ocean."

Tracy W. Baynes, "Effects of Sedimenta­

tion, Light and Grazing on the Encrust­ing Community of a Tropical Rock Reef in the Southern Gulf of California."

Michel A. Boudrias, "The Biomechan­

ics, the Kinematics, and the Fluid

Dynamics of Swimming in the Deep-Sea

Lysianassid Amphipod Eurythenes gryllus (Lichstenstein) ."

Wei-Jun Cai, uln Situ Microelectrode

Studies of the Early Diagenesis of

Organic Carbon and CaC03 in

Hemipelagic Sediments of the North­

east Pacific Ocean."

Robert F. Chen, "The Fluorescence of

Dissolved Organic Matter in the Marine

Environment."

Daniel C. Conley, "Ventilated Oscilla­

tory Boundary Layers."

Alessandro Conversi , "Variability of

Water Quality Data Collected Near

Three Major Southern California

Sewage Outfalls."

Brian D. Dushaw, "The 1987 Gyre

Scale Reciprocal Acoustic Tomography Experiment."

Scott C. France, "Geographic Variation

Among Deep-Sea Populations of

Scavenging Lysianassoid Amphipods."

Ronald A. George, "Observations of Turbulence in the Natural Surf Zone."

Michele S. Okihiro, "Seiche in a Small

Harbor."

Debra L. Palka, "Estimating Density of

Animals When Assumptions of Line­

Transect Surveys Are Violated."

Xin Zhang, "A Study of Capil lary and

Capillary-Gravity Wind Waves: Their

Structures, Distributions, and Energy

Balances."

MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREES

Earth Sciences

Kari M. Marchant

Oceanography

Helmut Mayer

Sarah E. Richards-Gross

R/V MELVILLE (LEFT, FROM TOP), R/V ROBERT GORDON SPROUL, R/V NEW HORIZON, R/P FLIP, AND R/P ORB.

THE MELVILLE IN PORT IN THE TAHITIAN ISLANDS (RIGHT).

ONE OF THE MAIN TOOLS IN

THE STUDY OF THE OCEAN IS OUR

OCEANOGRAPHIC FLEET, WHICH

IS MADE UP OF THREE RESEARCH

VESSELS AND TWO PLATFORMS.

OUR FLEET TRAVELED MORE THAN

90,000 NAUTICAL MILES IN

FISCAL YEAR 1992-1993

AND OPERATED A

TOTAL OF 719 DAYS.

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY

39

•

TYPE

YR. BUILT

YR. ACQUIRED BY SCRIPPS

OWNER

lENGTH

BEAM

DRAFT, FULL

DISPLACEMENT, FULL (TONS)

CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS)

RANGE (NAUTICAL MILES)

40 CREW

• SCIENTIFIC PARTY

TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED

OPERATING DAYS

R/V MELVILLE

R/V Melville with

Thomas Desjardins

as captain and Eric

Buck as relief captain

supported Phoenix

Expedition, legs I

through IV, and

Gloria Expedition,

legs I through VIII.

Nine chief scientists

led 16 cruises that took

the ship from the seas

off San Diego to

Acapulco, Guadalupe

Island, the Hess Deep, the Easter Seamount

Chain, and the East

Pacific Rise.

OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

1981

1984

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

125'

32'

9'6"

696

9

3,250

5

12

12,632.6 NAUTICAL MILES

146

During these cruises the

scientific groups were

involved in testing and

calibration of SEA BEAM;

in using SEA BEAM for

geophysical surveys; in

GLORI-B surveys; in studies

of seafloor spreading;

and in seafloor sampling

with rock drills and dredges.

TYPE

YR. BUILT

YR. ACQUIRED BY SCRIPPS

OWNER

LENGTH

BEAM

DRAFT, FULL

DISPLACEMENT, FULL (TONS)

CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS)

RANGE (NAUTICAL MILES)

CREW

SCIENTIFIC PARTY

TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED

OPERATING DAYS

OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

1969 (REFinED, 1992)

1969

U.S. NAVY

278'10 ..

46'

16'6"

2,958

12

12,000

23

38

59,487.7 NAUTICAL MILES

330

R/V ROBERT GORDON SPROUL

During the 1992-1993

fiscal year, 25 chief

scientists led over 40 scientific explorations

aboard R/V Robert Gordon Sproul. On

these trips the groups

performed a marine

mammal survey; col lected

clams and fish; tested

a wide variety of equipment including

seafloor tiltmeters, fluorometers, drifters,

and an optical particle

counter; studied nitrogen,

marine snow, the food

chain, fluorescence,

benthic biology, UV

effects on larvae,

ocean disposal,

the coastal environment,

and sediment transport;

and performed mooring

deployment and recov­

ery. A class field trip

was also completed.

Louis Zimm was the

regular captain of R/V

Robert Gordon Sproul relieved by Roger Price,

Thomas Althouse, and Linette Sutton. The ship

plied the waters off the

southern California coast

between Santa Barbara

and San Diego on most

outings. One three-and­

one-half week marine

mammal survey took

R/V Robert Gordon Sproul to the Gulf of Alaska.

midwater animals and

biological samples;

studied benthic biology,

R/V NEW HORIZON m icrozooplankton,

sediments, seawater, and Nineteen trips took R/V food chain biology; New Horizon from the seas worked with programs such off Baja California north to as CaiCOFI, HOTS and the Oregon coast and west WOCE drifter deploy-to the islands of Hawaii. ments; tested equipment Christopher Curl was the including the MOCNESS, captain relieved by John moorings, and GARRP Manion and Albert recovery; provided a Arsenault. Eighteen chief student cruise; and scientists directed over 30 performed airgun work scientific explorations. On with joides Resolution. these trips they collected

R/P FLIP R/P FLIP, captained by Dewitt Efird, was used this year for thruster testing and BAND. With Terry Hoopes as captain, the research platform was used for crew training.

TYPE

YR. BUILT

FLOATING INSTRUMENT PLATFORM

1962

YR. ACQUIRED BY SCRIPPS 1962

OWNER

LENGTH

BEAM

DRAFT, FUll

DISPLACEMENT, FUll (TONS)

CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS)

RANGE {NAUTICAL MILES)

CREW

SCIENTIFIC PARTY

TOTAL DISTANCE TOWED

OPERATING DAYS

U.S. NAVY

355'

20'

11'/300'

1,500

VARIEs•

VARIEs•

6

10

160 NAUTICAL MILES

23

•oEPENDS ON TOWING VESSEL

TYPE OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

YR. BUILT 1978

YR. ACQUIRED IY SCRIPPS 1978

OWNER UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA

LENGTH 170'

BEAM 36'

DRAFT, FUll 12'8"

DISPLACEMENT, FUll (TONS) 1,080

CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS) 10

RANGE (NAUTICAL MILES) 4, 100

CREW 12

SCIENTIFIC PARTY 17

TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED 18,810.22 NAUTICAL MILES

OPERATING DAYS 220

R/P ORB

R/P ORB was not in operation during the 1992-1993 fiscal year.

TYPE OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH BUOY

YR. BUILT 1967

YR. ACQUIRED BY SCRIPPS 1968

OWNER U.S. NAVY

lENGTH 69'

BEAM 45'

DRAFT, FUll FWD.4'10.5"/ AFT 5 ' 4.5"

DISPLACEMENT, FULL (TONS) 325

CRUISING SPEED (KNOTS) VARIES•

RANGE {NAUTICAL MILES) VARIEs•

CREW 5

SCIENTIFIC PARTY 10

TOTAL DISTANCE TOWED 0

OPERATING DAYS 0

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION 0 OCEANOGRAPHY

41

•

42 •

FEDERAL GoVERNMENT FUNDS

National Scien<» f dation

Navy, Department of the

Commerce, Department of

National Aeronautics and Space Ad

Air Force, Department of the

Health and Human Services, Department cJ Interior, Department of

Energy, Department of

Defense, Department of

Other

TOTAL FEDERAL

OTHER FUNDS

State General Funds

Private Gifts and Grants

Overhead Funds

State of California

Endowment Funds

Local Government

Sales and Services

Reserves

TOTAL OTHER FUNDS

TOTAL CURRENT FUNDS

*Includes Overhead

I I I

I I I

PERCENTAGE OF EXPENDITURES* TOTAL

27.63 % $ 22,667, 18 1

14.30% $ 11,7 40,582

6.70 % $ 5,499,208

5.05 % $ 4,147,012

0.37 % $ 305,281

1.72 % $ 1,414,449

2.24 % $ 1,838,386

2. 11 % $ 1,730,508

2.00% $ 1,641,130

0.40 % $ 327,988

62.52 % $51,311,725

·19.03 % $ 15,619,235

11.94 % $ 9,798,016

1.62 % $ 1,327,454

2.14% $ 1,758,745

2.22 % $ 1,826,016

0.15 % $ 122,271

0.60% $ 494,478

-0.22 % $ (183,068}

37.48 % $ 30,763,147

100 % $ 82,07 4,872

IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN

MAKING A DONATION TO

THE INSTITUTION, PLEASE CONTACT:

UNIVERSITY O F CAUFORNIA, SAN DIEGO

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY

DIRECTOR'S OFFICE

9500 GILMAN DRIVE DEPT 0210

LA JOLlA, CALIFORNIA 92093-0210

619/ 534-6945

STATE, CITY, AND FEDERAL AGENCIES

California, State of

The Resources Agency of California

Deportment of Boating and Waterways

Deportment of Fish and Game

Deportment of Transportation

Deportment of Water Resources

San Diego, City of

San Francisco, City of

United States

Agriculture, Department of

Forestry Service

Commerce, Deportment of

National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration

Defense, Department of

Advanced Research Projects Agency

Air Force, Deportment of

Air Force Office of Scientific Research

Army, Deportment of the

Army Corps of Engineers

Navy, Deportment of the

Institute of Naval Oceanography

Naval Oceanographic and

Atmospheric Research Laboratory

Naval Ocean Systems Center

Naval Research Laboratory

Office of Naval Research

Energy, Deportment of

Health and Human Service, Deportment of

National Institutes of Health

Interior, Deportment of the

U.S. Geological Survey

Minerals Management Services

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Science Foundation

CORPORATIONS/FOUNDATIONS/

ORGANIZATIONS

American Chemical Society

Antarctic Support Associates

ARCO Foundation, Incorporated

ARCS Foundation, Los Angeles Chapter

ARCS Foundation, San Diego Chapter

Argonne National Laboratory

Batelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory

Bristol-Myers Squibb

Cable, Pipe & Leak Detection

California Coastal Commission

California Space Institute

Certified Folder Display Service, Inc.

Cheese Shop

Chesapeake Fish Company

Columbia University

Continental Shelf Associates, Inc.

Cornell University

Cubic

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION

Cushman Family Foundation

Dr. Suess Foundation

E G & G Washington Analytical Services Center, Inc.

Electric Power Research Institute

Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.

Embassy La Jolla Partners

Entotech, Inc.

Epozote Restaurant

Federal Express Corporation

First Interstate Bank of California

Foxley Cattle Company

Samuel H. French and Katherine Weaver French Fund

General Atomics

General Dynamics

Cecil H . & Ida M. Green Foundation·

for Earth Sciences

Government of Canada

Hall Family Foundation

The William H. and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation

Hyatt Corporation

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology

Jefferies & Co., Inc.

Jet Propulsion Laboratories

Johns Landing Auto Body, Inc.

Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.

Knight Aid Fund

Krant Family Trust

Kvaas Construction

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories

Ligand Pharmaceuticals

Los Alamos National Laboratories

Marine Experimental Service

Maurice Masserini Charitable Trust

MBC Applied Environmental Sciences

McDonnell Douglas

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

National Geographic Society

Nav-Sim Associates

New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium

Oak Ridge Associated Universities

Oregon State University

Osteoarthritis Sciences, Inc.

Pacific Gas and Electric

PC Aquatics, Incorporated

Preuss Family Foundation

Quantum Financial & Insurance Services

Quest for Truth Foundation

Ralph's Grocery Company

Rancho Los Coches

Robert F. Driver Co., Inc.

R. P. Foundation

Sandia National Laboratories

San Diego Community Foundation

San Diego Gas & Electric Company

Science Applications International Corporation

Teledyne Geotech

Texaco, Inc.

Texas A&M Univer~ity

0 F OCEANOGRAPHY

43

•

Arthur M. and Olga T. Eisig - Peter and Lianne Clark lester 0. and lynne Gardner Scott lawson

Arthur M. and Kate Eisig Tode Stephen l. Coale David and Dorothea Garfield Sandra Ledgerwood

Foundation Daniel j. Coden Emil Ghio Terry and Sally leeds

Tuna Industry Invitational Robert l. and Bettie Cody Joris and Barbara Gieskes Elaine leon

Golf Tournament Teddy Cole Sally and Freeman Gilbert Ralph and Lanna Lewin

University of Alaska lawrence and Margaret Coleman leo B. Glaser Linda C. Lippincott

University of California, Davis Brian Collins William and Sue Gordon Chi-li Liu

University of California, Tom and Karen Collins Edwin E. Grain IV ·William K. La and Patricia Konopka

Santa Barbara Glenn and Cher Conner Andrew A. and Sue Grant Carl and Claudia Lowenstein

University of Chicago Helen K. Copley Cecil Green John lyddon

University of Hawaii Paul Cooley Florence Green Sheila and John Douglas

University of New Mexico Harry G. Cooper Diana E. Greenberg Macdougall

University of Southern California Janet B. Cooper Bob Griffin Carol Ann Madsen

University of Tennessee George and Mary Cory Donald and Joan Grine Margaret Marentette

University of Texas C. S. Coughran Joan Grobstein Karol Markley

University of Washington B. King Couper Carol Grosz Christy Marten

UNOCAL/Union Oil Edward W. Cox Whitney and Melinda Hall Jeffrey l. Marxen

The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation Valerie K. and Harmon Craig Melanie and Oleh Haluszka Robert and Phoebe McAnlis

Washington State University Richard A. and Alice Cramer William T. Hammond R. l. and Anna McArthy

Woods Hole Oceanographic Nona B. and Perry j. S. Crampton Vicki S. Hartwell Elizabeth 0. McCarthy

Institution Esther D. Cresci William S. Harvie Ronald E. McCray

Tom lewis Cresci Donna and James Hawkins Constance K. Mcintire

INDIVIDUALS V. E. and Pam Cronkhite Jerry and Pat Haxall Jay Meadows

Frances and Margery Abinanti Diane M. Curran Harry W. Heid Marcia and Steven Medof

Joseph Ross Curray Robert R. Hessler Cindy Melter Antes Agnew

Darby Davis Joseph W. Hibben Gifford M. Menard Gretchen Allen

Elizabeth W. Dawson Nicholas and Linda M. Holland Robert and Christy Mendes loretta M. Alvarado and Glenn Dimit

Alex and Betty De Bakcsy John K. and Connie Hucko Geraldine D. Meusburger Faiza NYamani

Danna l. Denning James W. Hughes P.j. Miali Amyelin Anderson

William Disher louise P. Huston Joseph and Muriel Miller David and Sandra Arkin

Gail Dodd· Kathleen Ide j. B. and C. J. Minster Gustaf and Jenny Arrhenius

Robert and Karen Donnick Malkom G. Jackoway Gordon and Betty Moore Catherine Ashley

Frank D. Downey Jack Jaeger Jim and Susan Morris Richard and Rita Atkinson

William Drell lynne J. and Thomas Jantz Kenneth M. Moser lzcidore and Fulvia Barrett

Elizabeth and Marie Dyer Scott Johnson Michael and Constance Mullin James H. Barrett

William James Durant Easton Mr. and Mrs. Charles N. Jones louis A. and Maurine Munoz June Barrymore

Ruth Ebey Allan H. Juliussen Josephine Johnson Munzinger Rudy Bauer

Robert Addison Ely Patricia A. Kampmann Edward and Helen Muzzy lrmy Baxter

Victor S. and louise Engleman louis Kaplan C. Arthur and Stephanie Myers Dorothy and Andrew Bens~m

Alvis 0. Eoff Ira and Joan Katz Terry A and Doreen Myers Wolfgang and Karen Berger

lynn Epsten Tom Keck Mohandas Narla Mary and James Berglund

Mary Hope Estill Norman and Marla Keith Josiah and Rita Neeper Frank and Marjorie Biggam

Harry E. Ettinger Tim and Marie Kelley lois J. Nelson Ralph M. Bishop

Brad and Wendy Evarts Durrant and Gini Kellogg Viola Nelson James R. and Jane (DiTullio)

Grant Fairbanks William and Edythe Kenton William and lynn Newman Blattenberger

Carolyn Farris Kern and Julie Kenyon leland C. and Virginia Nielsen Donald G. Bliss

Philip and Heidrun F?ulconer J. W. Kieckhefer Edith Nierenberg Bruce D. Bock

Roger and Marilyn Baesky Ralph G. Ferguson Kyung-Ryul and Eunyoung K. Kim Toyoaki and Kyoko Nogami

Carlos Fernandez John King Cheryl Nancarrow Fredricka Borland

Donald D. Ferren Wayne and Mary Kirchmann Novo Nordisk Marjorie H. and Hugh Bradner

Arnold E. Feuerstein Barbara and Neil A. Kjos, Jr. Jay and Nancy Northcutt Daniel J. and Althea Brimm

Elliot Feuerstein Suzant:~e and John Booth Koch Erma O'Brien l. and D.P. Brower

James M. Feuerstein Thomas F. Koch Dorothy Olson Charles E. Bubert lewis Feuerstein Kathleen Konek William and Anne Otterson Fredericka Buckly

Fred Fisher G. l. and Melba Kooyman Charles H. Owlsley Jean Burrington-EIIis

Walter Fitch Ill Stanley and Janet Kowalsky Charles and Ina Page John E. Butcher

Joan Flanagan James Kramer Constantine and Hope Pappas Thomas Casey

Diane W. Fondriest Stephen and lyn Krant Jacqueline leah Parker • 44 Francis Cassou

Theodore D. Foster Norman and Sally Kroll Patrick J. and Rose Patek

• John C. and Lisa Champeny Jeffrey and Trina Frankel Kittie K. and James Kuhns Douglas and Sandra Pay

Gordon Chang leonard Friedman Peter and Edith La Dow Elizabeth F. Perry

Roger A. Chastain Edward Frieman Devendra Lal H. E. Peterson

George W. Checketts Charles W. Frith Michael E. lane Raymond M. and Marcia Peterson

Tsaihwa J. Chow Sandra and George A. Fraley Ill Walter and Karen laughlin Susan l. Phelps

Mrs. Jack A. Cipra lawrence G. Fromwiller Jeffrey D. and Sharon lawrence Joi D. Prater

j. Dallaj and Mary Clark Alfred W. and Sandra Gardner M. larry and Shelia lawrence Peter and Peggy Preuss

G. L. Price Evelyn M. Truitt Ellen Warner Scott EXPEDITION SOCIETY A. W. Prichard Robert D. Tschirgi Donald and Darlene Shiley

Helga and Jaime Burreii-Sahl* Blaine Quick Kazuko and Mizuki Tsuchiya Kenneth and Edith Smargon *

Jane McNeel Keller* Douglas B. Quine Eleanor L. tum Suden John and Solly Thornton

Stephen and Marilyn Miles* Susan and Roelif Randerson Mihoko and Victor Vacquier Hal and Betty Jo Willia~s*

Ruth Schulman Dawn S. and John Rawls Edward L. Van Buskirk Carolyn Yorston

Cynthia Wilford and John Borja James P. and Grace Raymond Ina and Frank Van Der Loan K. R. Rearwin William D. Varon E. W. SCRIPPS ASSOCIATES

DISCOVERY TEAM Joseph and Freda Reid Ted Velasquez

Frank and Linnea Arrington Glenn and Elleda Reiter Elizabeth L. Venrick

Michael and Janice .Batter Glenn and Joy Arai*

Jack Ressler and Family Heinrich A. Vischer Fred and Nancy Borrelli

Ina Bartell* Ellen Revelle Toni and B. E. Volcani Guillermo and Cecelia Calderon* Robert and Barbara Riddle Barbara Walbridge

Helen K. Copley* John and Marilyn Cameron*

Florence Riford Peter Walther Stephen and Marjorie Cushman

David L. Chapman* Tom Dixson

Donald and Kristin Riles Gerald and Viviane Warren John and Jan Driscoll

Paul D. Clark* Jean A. and Thomas Riley David Wedeking

Roy and Laura Everingham Joe Currie* David Riseman James R. and Jennye Wedeking

Stuart and Allison Lasley Goode* Donald Daley, Sr.

Howard Robbins Steven Weisbrod Mark Grosvenor

Jerrold L. Danzer* The Charles Robins Family Ellen M. Wells

Rick and Tory Gulley* Rollin and Ellen Revelle Eckis *

Lawrence B. Robinson Frederick Wells Russ and Elaine Harris

Charles and Mary Fedak Jerome B. Rockwood Richard and Lydia Wheeler

Alan and Nora Jaffe* Leon C. Felton*

Janice Roehr James and Juanita Whisenand Maurice and Charmaine Kaplan

Frederick Fisher* Cecelia Ross Lawrence R. Whiting and

Stephen and Lyn Krant J. Stephen Fossett* Rosemary Rutherford Valerie Hongo-Whiting

Dan and Cynthia Kronemeyer Joan N ightingale Fox*

Karen Sandau-Macklin Shara H. Wiley. Michael and Judith Frieman* Norm and Karleen Sattler Edmund F. Wilford

Werner and Myra Ki.irn John and Anne Gilchrist*

Noel Meadows Allan Souter Lawrence S. Wilkinson

Dorothy Deyo Munro Jeffrey and Rosemarie Graham*

Edward L. Schechter Gordon and Marilyn Williams Jeremiah Robins

Dorothy and Roscoe E. Hazard, Jr.* Steven Schmid Harold and Betty Jo Williams

Gary and. Laura Saterbak Kenneth E. and Dorothy Hill*

Charles Scripps Randolph L. Williams Ed and Christy Scripps

Dorothy and R. W. Horstman* Edward W. Scripps, Jr. CarrieR. and Wayne Wilson

William and Kathy Scripps Sandra Hulbert*

Robert P. Scripps Dexter S. and Susan Wilson Patricia and William G. Hulburd Samuel H. Scripps Michael Dan Windgren Alex Szekely*

E. W. and Coley Hunt* David L. Wolf

William and Kathy Scripps David Wolf Richard and Ruth Yasuda*

Janet and Richard E. Hunter Greg and Anthony Seashore Jack K. and Toby Wolf Hart and Patricia Isaacs* Victor and Margaret Sell Doris Woods

CORPORATE AFFILIATES Mary Carol Isaacs* Gregg and Karrell Lynn Sentenn Do!1ald and Kay Wren Buck Kamphausen * M. H. Sessions Joseph Wright Allar·Tic financial Services, Vincent F. Kelley* Betty N . and George G. Shor, Jr. A. Aristides and Sandra M. Yayanos Christopher Davis James and Penelope Kelly Janet Siegel Charles S. and Clarice M. Yentsch Bannister Steel, Inc., Ralph Bannister Olive Kemp* Renee and Stanley Siegel HowardS. and Christy Zatkin Doubletree Club Hotel, Anne and Charles J. Kennedy* Ivan and Maria Simpson Gordie Zimm Mary Kay Bauer Donald and Alison Kerr* Ken and Edith Smargon Edward M. Zollo Ill Earl Walls Associates, James Walls Neil and Barbara Kjos * Charles and Christine Smith Eternal Hills Memorial Park, Hannalore and Stephen I. Klein Kenneth Smith POSEIDON PATRONS W . George Hubbard Timothy Knight* W . A. and Irene Snyder James and Mary Berglund General Atomics, J. Neal Blue Minerva and Herbert Kunze!* George N . Somera and Barbara Bloom General Dynamics, James F. Watson Peter and Edith LaDow

Amy Anderson William and Jeanette Burnett Mutual of Omaha's Wildlife Kendall and Lynn Langley* Mary Somera Robert and Heritage Trust, Kathy Olson Robert and Joan Lervaag* Barbara Spaulding Margaret Scripps Buzzelli Ocean Blue Products, Donald and lngeborg Lynn* Fred N . and Solly Spiess , Robert and Bettie Cody Spencer Young Fred and Gloria Mattson* Robert L. and Marlene Stapleford Don and Karen Cohn Ocean Garden Products, Inc., Jean and Janet Mclaughlin* John L. and Joan Stark Robert and Nina Doede Carlos Vidali Pat and Thomas L. McMillan* T. J. Stathas Robert and Beatrice Epsten * Ruch Weather Services, Inc., Robert E. Moss* Jim Stewart Walter Fitch Ill Paul E. Ruch II Dale and Orie Myers* Mrs. Stanley Stone Leonard and Sandra Friedman Sondicast, Inc., Sandra Brue William and Lallie Nelson* Ruth Stroud Audrey Geisel* Specialty Manufacturing Inc., Nancy Olmsted* Michael and Patricia Stucky Maurice and Charmaine Kaplan Dennis Williams James A. Pearson*

45 Harry and Susan Summers Linda Kapstein Taiwan Seafood and Fish Terri Ranay and Chris Brookhart • Mark Sven Swenson Ben and Sheri Kelts Corporation, Joseph Chen Steven and Janice Schmid Theodore T. and Joseph and Geri Warnke Kennedy Tauber Electronics, Inc., Marianne Scholer*

Therese Ann Tanalski Larry and Shelia Davis Lawrence Robert W. Tauber Ellen Warner Scott* Claire Taravos John Lyddon T. M. Tobin Company, Inc. Pippa Scott* Leon J. and Donna J. Thai Peter and Peggy Preuss* Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Charles E. Scripps* Harold V. and Ann Thurman Charles and Mary Louise Robins* Company, David Goss Fred and Sally Spiess* Louise D. Tillotson

s c R I p p s I NSTITUTION 0 OCEANOGRAPHY

Gordon and Jean Sproul* John E. and Eleanor Barbey Harry Gray Browne* Cora Cordova*

Steve and lauren Tabor* Kathleen Barger* Eunice Brownstein* Charles E. Cornelius*

William and Elizabeth Thurston* Harry M. Barnes Mrs. Earle T. Brucker Paul Cornish*

Jeff and Annette Usa II* Michael and Bonnie Barnes* Buck and Jo Buchanan* Julius Coronado*

Victor M. Vidal* Charlene S. Baron Mrs. Vincent Buckley Jim and Sunny Costello*

A. D. and Gloria Warren* Mrs. j. S. Barry* Paul A. Buote, Jr. Emma and Raymond Cote, Jr.

Gerald and Viviane Warren* j . Gordon and Olive Bateman* Beatrice D. Burch* Kathleen and Merle D. Countryman

Mike and Gayle Yeakle* Rodey and Jill Batiza * Bruce Burgener Christina Cournoyer

Jean S: ZoBel I* Frederick and Ruth Baynes* Jane C . Burns Susan B. Cowell

John and Elly Beard* Sondra Buschmann* Jenny and Sid Craig*

PIER GROUP John R. Beers* Nancy R. Bushnell Richard and Alice Cramer*

Maxwell M. Belding* Bruce and Sondra Butler Perry j. S. and Nona B. Crampton* Ruth Aasen

Barbara Belkin* John D. and V. Kirk Butler* Beatrice and Allan Crane Melvin Abrams

Anne and John Belus John lawton Butler* Gordon Crawford Charles and Marianne Adams

Tom and lin Benedek* Carlos Cabrera Craig R. Crawley Maida Adams

Josephine Be~nel leona Call Donna and John Crean Mark Adamson and

Marcia M. Bennett* Mrs. Markley Cameron Mary and Eaton Cromwell* Nancy Tschiderer

john and Jane Benson* Karin Camp louise and George P. Cronk Gary and Carol Aden*

Brian Bentler* . Terry Camp Alice Crosser louis and Sharon Hulse Adler

Rodney Berens* Allan C. Campbell Jo Crown* ·Mark and Jeanne Akins*

Peter Berger* Dorothy A. Campbell Gayle and Craig Cummings Charles Allen, Jr, and

Wolfgang and Karen Berger Arnold j. Cardoza Diana and Greg Cunningham Margaret lenson-AIIen

John A. Bergfeld* Arthur and Inez Carey* Claire Curtis Sheila Allen

Barbara Bernacchi Deane R. Carlson D'Agnessa Insurance Agency* Willis M. Allen

John and Suzanne Berol * Patricia and James H. Carmel Karl Danielson* George and Sari lee Anderson*

Kim and les Betz Diane W. Carnes Lori Danryd William R. Anderson*

Daniel and Susan Bialek Max H. Carpenter Russ Davis Craig and jean Andreiko*

Jonathan W. Biddle Robert A. Carroll Tom and Gale Davis* Margaret D. Andrews

Jody Upham Billings Hugh and Patricia Carter Charles K. Dayton* Mary l. and Dan E. Andrews, Jr.

John and Elva Bishop* lisa and David Casey Charles Deacon, Jr.* Rashed and Pamela Ansari

Florence Black Marie M. Cote* Ruth and C. William Dealy, Jr. Jim Antrim

Carolyn A. Blakeley George and Audre Cavanagh* Nancy Bartling Dean* J. Samuel and Anne Armstrong

Jock Boatman, Jr. Flavia Cevallos* Annemorie and Robert F. DeCor! Stan and Kelly Asato*

Joseph Bobee * I. M. and Mary Ann Chait* Ted and linda DeFeo* Ann Griffith Ash

Marna V. Boch J. jud Chalmers* Paul D'Heilly* Peggy and Gary Ashcraft

S. locke Bogart* Ruth H. Chambers* MelodieS. Dejong Jill Askey

Kenneth and Pamela Bondy* Jerilyn S. Champagne* Marge De La Rossa Norma Assam

Dorothy S. Bonsall Jeanne Chancer Mary Delbruck * C. Hayden Atchison*

Alice R. Boorse Katherine M. Chandler* Lilia E. Delgado Eulie Gary Atkins*

Earl and Jean Booth* Robert Chopin* John DellaSonta Rita and Richard Atkinson

Suzanne and Morvin Borden Craig l. Chose* Augustine De Malamud Bruno Augenstein

Peter A. Bordes* Ruth Cheney Paul Deniger* Paul and Susan Augereau*

Myrtl and Bruce Boswell D. Winston Cheshire* Margot DeRamirez Charles Austin Ill*

Allen C. Boucher Marion S. Chesler Joonne B. Derr Dorothy Austin*

Tami Bourassa* Joshua Chin Marne and James F. DeSilva Jock and Melinda Avakian*

Barbaro and Paul X. Bouzan Stanley and Peggy Chodorow* Kathleen and Anthony DeVico Philip Avalos

James lewis Bowers Steven l. Christie* Meredyth and Joseph B. Devin Hans Avemoria

Sonya I. Bowker* Stillman and Nancy Chubbuck Irving and Niki Devine Donald and Sherry Aviono*

Alice and Robert M. Boynton Donald R. Clark, Jr.* Richard and Barbaro DeWitt Robert and linda Axel

Christopher Bracher j. Dallas and Mary Hollis Clark Chris P. Dialynos Bradley T. Bogan

Gary and Hi Idee Brahm* James, Terri, and Shannon Clark* Melody Dios Judy R. Bailey janice Braly Jan and William Clayton C. M. Dibble William C. Bailey Beverly Breese* Joseph P. Cleary* Germano A. DiCarlo D. James Baker* Carol and Anthony Brood Shirley and James Clow Carol Bale Dick Jock Baker* Helen and Sheldon Brockett Florence Cohen Artelle E. Dilday jesse and Diane Baker

Arthur and Sophie Brody* Jennifer Cole Matthew Dillon lois and Daniel Baker

Sandra Brokaw Anne and George N . Coleman, Sr. William H. Disher* Robert K. Baker

David and Vivione Brooks George l. Collier* Betty R. Dobler 46 Christine and D. A. Baldwin

Irma j . Brooks Heather Kamps Collins Brion Wade Dodson

• Chorrie and Charles A. Baley Paul and Joyce Brooks Tom and Karen Collins* Virginia Doerr

j. B. Bolislrieri . Delores Brower* Gary A. Comerford* Joyce A. Dorland

Peter and J. Bolsells John Walter Brown John and Cindy Conner Robert and Marylou Downen Charles R. Bamford*

leland C. Brown* Alan j. Conrad Marilyn Dudley* Maury M . Bondurrogo*

Mike and Judy Brown Donald and lynette Cooper* Betty and Brock W . Duker Rochele l. Bondy Norton and llano Brown MichaelS. Cooper* Betty jo Dunlop Todd Barber*

Pamela and Joe Brown, Jr. Elizabeth and Michael C. Copley joseph C. Dunn

Carol Durst Janet Bell Garber john Harrison Wyndham and Tom jackson

Robert H. Dye Alfred Gardner John F. Harrold Joan and Irwin jacobs

Bill and Bonnie Eagleton* Anne C. Gardner Margaret Hawley julie Jacques

Jeff Eby Rose Gardner David Hays Jennifer Jaunsen

Ecosphere Associates Christen Garrett Frederick and Fredericka Hazard* Melissa Jenkins

Charles C. Edwards Chris and Siv Garrod* Mary Ann and Bruce R. Hazard Marjorie Jensen*

Carole Eichen Interiors* W. l. Garth, Jr.* Dylan Healy George and lucille jewett*

Joan and Myron S. Eichen Virginia R. Gascon Laurin H. Healy james Joecken

Jean and Carl Eichenlaub Olga H. Giannini Stephen and Sharlene Heard Craig A Johnson*

james H. Eisenberg Robin and Jane· B. Gibson* Henry M. Hearne* Duane Johnson Real Estate*

Donn and Mary Ellerbrock John T. Gill Gerald l. Hedlund j. Seward Johnson, Jr.*

Beverly and Richard C. Elliott julianne Kemper Gilliam Terry j . Hellenkamp John l. Johnson

Mary and Sayed A El Wardani Marilyn and Dennis Gilson Don Henderson Kathryn and Wallen Johnson

Helen and Richard Emmerson Tom Girvin Dave Henke Karin and Derek johnston

Energy and Vicki E. Glass* Florence and leaR. B. Henrikson Jerry F. Jones

Environmental Management Jeffrey Glazer and Thomas A and Sara R . .Henry* Scott jones

Elmer Engman lisa Braun Glazer* Charles E. Herdendorf* William W . Jones

Susan Eres Gerri Glotzbach* Wilhelmina and Clarke Herring Richard, Janice, and

janet Erickson jack Gluth Angela and Perry S. Herst, Jr. Christian Julian*

Sandra and Dave Erickson Mary F. Goen* Eleanor and Arthur Herzman Pamelajung

Mary E. Eriksson Howard and Helen Goldfeder* Rosalyn Ann Hewertson Stephen and lvey Kohl*

Christelle Estrada lean Goldman Jean C. Hewitt James A Kammer

Mrs. Cecil M. Evans Thomas and Don ria Galich * Edward Hickman and Claire latch Norval and Dorothy Kane*

Brad and Wendy Evarts* David Gong and Erika Delacorte* Peggy and Denny Hill Joel Katz

Ben A Faber Carl and Pamela Good james D. Hillhouse IV Edward H. Kauffman

Victoria Fagan* Nviry Forte Goodman Whitney and louise Hindes* Katherine Kaufman

Charlotte and William C. Fairbairn Gregory P. Goonan Enid F. Hinds Patricia and Edward Keating

Linda and H. Kent Folk Bill Gordon Brian Hinkley Gary Keehner

Carolyn Farris Velma Gott* Carol F. Hinrichs Beth Keeth

Anne M. Fearn Elinora Goudris Linda Hinz Anita H. Keith*

Ronald E. Feldman* George M. Gould Ed and Mildred Hobert Kay A Kendall

james P. Felt Pierre l. and Caroline Gaupillaud* Michael and Chris Hodge Barbara Kennedy

Dorothy Fen more* Glen A. Grady* David Hodgens and Linda Olson Kern and julie Kenyon

Mathilda M. Fenner Virginia l. Grady Steven Hoenig Dianne and john Kernan

Darice and Mike Fenton Edwin E. ·Grain IV Constance R. Hoepner Colleen and james R. Kerr

( l. Fernandez* Nora and Norin Grancell Alan Hofmann Peggy Kerr*

jane and Thompson Fetter Timothy and Ellen Gravitt* john l. Holderman, Sr. E. Gillet Ketchum

james M . Feuerstein Cory l. and Anne Gray* R. B.andj . E. Ho~man Kae and Brian Keves

D. W . Fields Renita and Herbert Greenberg* Jay and Cheryl Honig* Enid and Kent T. Keyser

Donna M . Fields Jimmie l. Greenslate * Donald Hood Dierdre Kieckhefer

Jeremy Fields Ruth and Russell Greer Deborah Hook Renee Kincaid

Mercedes Fitzgerald Cathy D. Griffin* Kenton and Margarita Horner* Dave King

George E. Flanigan Karen Mackay Griffiths R. W. and Dorothy Horstman* Susan Kingery

Joy Fleminger* Sarah and David Grimes Karen Whitney Hosang josephine l. Kirn

louise S. Flentye* Kathryn Guymon Dottie Howe P. S. Kistler

jane and Willis Fletcher Rae and Gail Guzzardo Steven J. Huarte Denison and Naomi Kitchel*

Diana Fligge * Mark Haas Clark and Cathy Hubbs Joanne C. Kitching

Jack and lynda Ford Mary Hadachek* Peggy and Douglas Hudson James S. Kittredge

Stephen Fordyce Michael Hakon B. Wayne Hughes, Jr. Steve Klein

Blanche Fronasero Bonnie and Hugh A Hall Sheila and Craig Hughes Mary K. Klepacki *

Killy Fornelli lucia and Norman F. Hall j. Dale and Kimberly R. Hull* David C. Klinger

Robert H. Forward Niko Hall Richard and Sheryl Hummel* john A Knauss

joan D. Francis TracyM. Hall Thomas Hunt Mary and Robert Knight

jack and Carol Frank Whitney and Melinda Hall Carrie Jane Hunter* Robert and Muffie Knox

lawrence R. Frank* Winn and Nancy Halverhout* Robert and Wilma Hunter Sheri A Knox*

Douglass H. Frapwelllll Shelley S. Hanan Ann Hurley* Ann l. Koby

Mrs. Jeff Frautschy Michael Haney Sterling Hutcheson Tom Koch

Faiya and Milton Fredman Kay Hanvey Robert and lois Huxtable Fred and Elizabeth Koehrn *

Donald A Fredricks* Dottie Harako Edward and Angela lgrisan * Shirley and Frank W . Koenen 47

Meredith and Roark French lsther S. Harang* june E. Ingalls* Unoyo Kojima* • leonard Friedman Christopher j. Harano Mrs. T. Bruce lredale Joe and Hilary Kooyers

Ed and Joy Frieman Betty and George Harbaugh Kenneth H. Z. Isaacs · Phyllis R. Kraus

George Froley Ill Richard and Patricia Harden* Masashi and Teruko llano* Alvin W. Krech

Mrs. John Fusco Margaret and A j. Hardy Anthony jackson Eric Kredel

Murray and Elaine Galinson Glenn Hare* Bill Jackson Nancy Krehbiel

Rita and Harry Go pies* Mercedes Haroldson james G. and Virginia Jackson* Benjamin A Kriegler*

S C R I p p s INSTITUTION 0 F OCEANOGRAP H y

Joan and John Kroener Joanne and Martin Marugg Lucio Nicolodi Allen E. Puckett

Norman and Sally Kroll* Edwin j. Marvin William and Irene Nies Mark Pulliam

Mary Ellen and Anthony Krut Marjorie and Philip Mathewson* Doris K. Niles* John F. H. Purcell*

Caroline Krutzsch • Aimee May Mrs. Maynard M. Nohrden Mary and Kedar Pyatt

lynda and lorenz Kull JoBette McCann* Harriet andJ. Philip Nordeck, Jr. Charlene and Paris Qualles

Edward Kurdziel* Betty McClellan* Barbara R. Norman* Margaret and Joseph Guellman

F. j. Kurilich Marsha and Robert R. McClendon R. Glenn and Mary Sue Northcutt* Debra Guick~ones

Harold and Rose lee Kvaas M. Z. Snihurowycz McCutchan Diane Nugent R. P. Foundation Inc.

Jack and Frances Kyte Ginger and Jeffrey McDonald* Georgia E. Nusbickel* Kathryn and Syd Radinovsky

Devendra lal* Marianne McDonald Mrs. Jack l. Oatman* George and Sheila Rathbone*

Tricia lamb* Pamela McDonald Ernest and Nancy Obregon Jeanne P. Rawlings*

Janet lamborghini * Sharon McGeeney Baron O'Brien Kenneth R. Rearwin *

Bui Thi lang* Stephanie A. McGraw Erma O'Brien* B. l. Recht

Ron and Rhonda langley* Susan McGreevy* Sheila and Frank O'Brien William D. Redfield

Teresa Lanier* Eleanor M. Mcguire Valerie and Jefferson Officer Marianne Reichert

Clifford lara* Elizabeth and Edward Mcintyre Ruth Dale Ogilby* Art and Sandi Reinke*

Karen and Walter P. laughlin Marilyn and William McKenzie Arlene and Charles Oliphant* Sylvia Reinsch

Michael C. Lauver Christine and John D. Mclean Marian Olson lee Reiter

Sharon and Jeffrey D. lawrence Andrew j. McNeil Carl Oppenheimer Ed and Cheri Rettberg*

John T. lee Marcia K. McNutt* Frank Orlando, Jr.* Mary B. Rheuben*

Ken and Dorothy lee Malcolm M. McQueen* JoAnne Overleese Edward Richard

Howard M. leff Gabrielle McVeigh* Georgina B. Paden Bonnie Sue Richardson

Dale F. leipper* Spencer Medof Jonathan and Nancy Padover Drew Richardson

Cynthia and Nathan Leising Scott and Janice Meeks* Ina and Charles G. Page, Jr. Matt and Tracy Richardson

Pearl and Robert leland Carol Meier Paulj. Paha Susan and John Richardson*

Bernadette lester Charles j. and Mary Merdinger* Peggy A. Paige Michele Richman

Bernard and Ann Poovey lewis* Ruth P. Merrill Terry Paik Terry Riggs

John E. lewis, Sr.* Mary E. Meyers* Nicholas E. Palmer Donald and Kristin Riles*

Raymond and Frances lewis Ted Meyers Tom Paluch Auparo and lewis Riley

Rosalie lewis Margery A. Mico Hope Pappas Vivian and Mayford l. Roark*

George and Celeste Liddle Marion and Bruce G. Miller Frances l. Parker* Norman C. and Angelina Roberts*

Marco and Claire liMandri Tyler Miller Marshall Parker Ralph and Juanita Robertson*

William and Patricia Lineberry Anya Milstein Susan E. Parker* James W. Robeson

Nancy B. Linsley* Mrs. Herbert Minshall Mark and Marilyn Parli Linda Robinson

Georgia and William lippincott Jean-Bernard and C. J. Minster* Darryl Parmenter* Nikki Robinson

Andrea K. Little Betsy and Greg Mitchell Dick Parrent Paul R. and Carrie Robinson

Alex and Evelyne Llorente* Merrill and Elizabeth Miller Dorothy l. Parsons* Ruth W. Robinson

Judy Lodgson * Henry and Jeanette Mok * Alan j. Partch Sandra j. Robinson

Jeffrey lohr leeS. Monroe F. Vince Pavlicek Robert and Lila Rockstein

Gary louis Maryann Moon Amy Katherine Pederson* Fernando j. Rodriguez, Jr.*

John R. lucas Mel Moon* Dianne Pehrsson Jeanine and Troy Roe

Edgar A. and Barbara luce* Barbara Coffin Moore John and Marcellite Penhune Milton and Dorothy Roll*

Michael S. lutkiewicz* Harry A. Moore Elizabeth Perna Paul Rosenzweig

Jeanie MacDonald John C. and Marcia Moore* Orinna Perrier Diane and David Rothi

Anne MacKenzie* Charles l. Morefield* H. N. and Cadette Sawyer Peterson Arthur and Sandra Rowsell

Norman l. Macleod, Jr. Ccindyce K. Moring* John Thorvald Peterson* Mark D. Rozeus

logan T. MacMillan Coleman Morton Sara Ann Peterson* Dorothy S. and Will Rudd

Judith and j. F. Mahoney Ill* Margot Wain Moss John and Suzanne Pew* Isadore Rudnick

Eugene I. Majerowicz* Robert E. Moss* Russell and Susan Pfaff* Beverly and Bill Rulon

lisa Malachowsky · lynn and Jonathan Molt Dianne Phersson John Rush

Kevin Mallen Michael Moye * William I. Phillips* Neil and Sanda Russell

Helen Mallet* Martha M. Mullin lawrence Pickard, Sr.* John A. and Rosemary Rutherford

Joseph J. Manno Nancy and Gerald Mulrooney Anne and I. Irving Pinkel Donald and Sonia Ryan

Danielle Manto* Walter and Judith Munk * John G. Pitcairn Pat Ryan*

Janice and Steve Manz Gerald W. Murrie and Marnie and Michael Piuze Corinne Sabatka*

luke Mardesich D' erdra A. Smothers Bonnie and Scotty Plumb, Jr. Paul and Barbara Sollman

Margaret and lloyd Marentette Joyce C. Mutz Barbara B. Porter* Philip and Julie Sanderson

Edward F. Marin lucille Myers Kathleen Porter Martin G. Sattler 48 Margot Marsh James T. Nakaoka Mary Porter Norman and Karleen Sattler*

• Frederick T. Marston Noriyuki Nasu Stephen C. Pottorff* John F. Savage*

Jane Bradford Marth Irvin S. Naylor Ellen Powell* Kathleen Arnold Scales*

Claudene and Harry R. Martin j. C. Nees Clementine A. Powers* lee Schamus

Joe and Linda Martin Robert lyn and Uilani Nelson* Nick and Carol Pratt larry Schantz

Michael T. and Jeon Martin* Vivian Nelson Angela and Russell Preisendorfer Bob Scharaga*

Rebecca Martin Craig Nepp Georgi Price* Carol and Edward l. Schechter

R. j. Martinez Michael and Marianne Newman Richard and Carolyn Prokop* Melvin Schiffman

William James Nicol Richard j. Prutow

Stephanie A. Schild* Charles Stewart

Wayne F. Schildhauer* Louise and Harris B. Stewart, Jr.*

Walter and Josephine Schirra Kathy and John N . Stinnett

Don T. Schloat Mrs. Richard J. Stoddard

Arlyn Schmad Ronald E. Stoner

Christine Schmid Amanda Stork

Vesta J. Schmidt Charles Stradella *

Kurt F. Schmitt Dale M. and Sara J. Strand*

Roger Schock* Susan Strig liabotti

Marilyn B. Shreiber Joe and Jan Strucki*

Raymond and Bonnie Schwartz Berry M. Stuart

William and Sue Scott Peicha Stubbs*

David L. Scripps Sandra and Stephen Stull

Edythe Henderson Scripps* Marvin B. Sullivan*

Robert and Carina Scripps Susan Summers

Samuel and Luise Scripps Betty J. and Frank S. Sunofsky

Connie and Robert Scudder Maurice Sutalo *

Sea World of San Diego* Cheryl and James Sutton

Paige Serden C. and Lucy Svimonoff

Richard and Barbara Seymour* Tanya Swade

William Shannahan* David and Angela Swafford*

Mattiegrace Sharpe Bruce Swedien *

Evangeline L. Shears Cheryl Sweig *

Mary Ann and John S. Shelton Cheri Tabb

Denise F. Shields Marjorie Clair Tavares

Wilbur and Janice Shigehara* Leighton R. Taylor

Jean Shimp Mitsue Taylor

Donald R. Short* Mia Tegner*

Philip and Gen.Chu Shou* Terramagr~ Family*

Eric Shulenberger* Betty and James Thayer*

Janet Siegel Therese and Jerry Thomas

Manuel A. Silva William R. and Jane L. Thomas

Abby and Daniel Silverman Kathleen and Jeffrey Thuner*

Cynthia and W . M. Simmons Eugene and Gwen T~ghe

C. W . and J. A. Simmons Karen and William M . lineup

Mary P. Simmons* T. Toennies

Barbara A. Simon Geoffry and Carolyn Toll in*

Patricia Sims Dorothy and Robert R. Tolstad

Donald M. Sinclair* Margie Torres

June A. Skalecky Peter Townend

Don J. and Ann Slavik Dennis T. Toyomura

Michael L. Slaysman Mildred Lyman Tracy

Shelly A. Slingsby Marilyn Treanor

Deborah and Michael Sloan* Ray and Shirley Tritten

Norma and Frank Slovak Doris B. and H. Leland Troutman

Eleanor and Milton Small Tristan and Diane Tucker

Robert Small* Rich~rd and Marie Tuthill

Ballard and Charlie Smith Robert and Phyllis Tyson*

Christina Smith Susan E. Uhrich

Leonard C. Smith* Jan and Jacob Umlauf

Rosemarie Smith Elizabeth Van Den burgh*

Susan and Alfred Toulon Smith Patricia Van der Veen *

Conway Snyder Patricia Van Note

Deborah Snyder Eileen Vanderlaan

Robert M. Snyder Betty Vaughn

Damien Sonnier* Cecelia and Jake Venable*

Steve Sosnowski and Carol Suleski* Joseph and Kim Veneziano

Richard S. Spence Louise M. Venrick *

Mary Spiegel Beth Vermont*

Terry Stafford Maxine H. Verne*

Trudy Stambook Jeffrey S. Verryp and Elissa Merk *

Dorothy Steele Gustavo A. Vildosola

Patricia Steele Regitze Void

John and Carol Steinitz* Aimee Von Watts

Scott Steptoe* Victor and Norma Waithman *

John A. Stevens and Family Barbara Walbridge*

Edith S. Stevens-Bradley

SCRIPPS

Laird Walker*

Michael Walker

Robert L. and Jane S. Walker*

Mary L. Walshok

Stephanie K. Walters

Christy R. Walton*

Helga M . and John H. Warner, Jr.

lise Warschawski

Kenneth and Elaine Watson*

Steven Watt

Lorie 0 . Watts

Mrs. Del Webb*

Allen and Pat Weckerly

H. W . and K. K. Wehe*

Josh Weinstein

Beverly J. Weiss

Ellen and Frederick Wells

James Wertheimer

Madelin Martin Wexler*

Ona and Philip M. Wexler

William K. Whaling*

Jan H. Wheeler

Fred N. White*

Harry E. White*

Jack L. White

Reggie White*

Mrs. Trilby Whitmore

W. C. Wiederholt

Betty Jean Wightman

Victor and Andrea Wild

Lawrence S. Wilkinson

Robert Wilkinson*

Daphne Williams

Gregory and Bonnie Williams

James Ronnie Williams

M . Woodbridge Williams

Robert L. and Lorraine Williams*

Tracy T. Williams

LeRoy C. Willoughby*

John and Diane Wilson*

William and Anne Wilson

Mark and Reiko Wimbush*

Robert A. Winchell

Mrs. J. Price Winn

William Winn

Joy L. Wolf*

Priscilla and Duane Wolfe ·

Nathan and Ralyn Wolfstein *

Lawrence E. Wolinshky

Don andJodine Wood*

Bennett W . Wright

Leilani Wright*

Doc Wussler

Brian Yablon

Charles Yanke*

Sonia and Mark Yanta

Kelvin Yasuda

Mike and Gayle Yeakle*

Sandra Ann York*

Robert S. Young

Cassie and Paul A Youngberg

James Zaharako *

Carole L. Ziegler

Gordie and Louis Zimm *

Joseph Zimmer

Sheila M . Zitco

INSTITUTION 0

STEPHEN BIRCH AQUARIUM-MUSEUM CORPORATE SPONSORS

Andataco

Bumble Bee Seafoods Inc.

Cafe Design Center

Chapman Warwick, Inc.

Crown Point Catering, Inc.

Culinary Concepts

The Daily Californian

Festivities Catering and

Special Events

The French Gourmet

Gillette Marketing

Hyatt Regency La Jolla

Inn Room Magazine

Jack in the Box Restaurants

KNSD TV

Music As You Like It Productions

Peartrees Catering & Event Planning

Powerhouse Exhibits & Technical Models

Premier Food Services

(UCSD Faculty Club)

Ralphs Grocery

Rancho Santa Fe Pharmacy

& Spirit Shop

San Diegan

San Diego Community

Newspaper Group

San Diego Family Press

San Diego Marriott - La Jolla

San Diego This Week, Inc.

Sea Space

Sheraton Grande Torrey Pines

Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Televideo

Tony Kopas & Associates

UCSD Catering

Video Passport

Welcome Wagon International, Inc.

Wells Fargo Bonk

* members for more than one year

EVERY EFFORT HAS

BEEN MADE TO LIST ALL

DONORS WHO SUPPORTED

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF

OCEANOGRAPHY DURING

THE 1992-1993 FISCAL

YEAR. IF YOUR NAME IS

LISTED INCORRECTLY OR

OMITTED, PLEASE CONTACT

THE DEVELOPMENT OFFICE

AT 619/ 53.4-69.45 .

OCEANOGRAPHY

49

•

50

•

Chancellor Richard C. Atkinson

Director, Va Chancellor Marine Sciences & Dean of Morine Sciences

Edward A. Frieman

Deputy Director, Administrative Affairs & Associate Vice Chancellor Marine Sciences

Tom Collins

Deputy Director, Academic Affairs & Associate Dean Michael M. Mullin

Deputy Director, Scientific Affairs & Associate Vice Chancellor Marine Sciences

Mary G. Altalo

Associate Director, Ship Operations & Morine Technical Support

Robert A. Knox

DIRECTORATE

POLICY COUNCIL

13 MEMBERS

AT·LARGE MEMBERS

(Faculty and Principal Investigators)

CHAIR OF THE FACULTY

Lynne D. 'folley

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

UNIT HEADS

UNIT HEADS REPRESENTATIVE

John A. Orcutt

~-------------------r--------------------~----------~ ···········: . INSTRUCTION

510 Graduate Dept. R. H. Rosenblatt

RESEARCH UNITS

Center for Coastal Studies C. D. Winont

Center for Marine Biotechnology

and Biomedicine J. B. Graham (Acting}

Morine Life Research Group M.M.Mullin

Marine Physical Laboratory W. A. Kuperman

RESEARCH DIVISIONS

Climate Research Division R. C. J Somerville

Geological Research Division M. Kastner

Marine Biology Research Division

j. B. Graham

Marine Research Division W . H. Fenical

Physical Oceanography Research Division

N. A. Bray

UC INSTITUTES

California Space Institute §

S. K. Ride

Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics §

j. A. Orcutt

§ Reports to Vice Choncellor M:Jrine Sciences

GRADUATE DEPARTMENT

Chairman Rlchard H. Rosenblatt

CURRICULAR GROUP COORDINATORS

Applied Ocean Sciences W illiam S. Hodgkiss

Biologicol Oceanography Robert R. Hessler

Geochemistry and Marine Chemistry

Roy f. Weiss

Geological Sciences james W . Hawkins

Geophysia Duncan C. Agnew

Marine Biology Nicholas D. HoUond

Phy$icol Oceanography Myrl C. Hendershott

UNDERGRADUATE COORDINATOR

Ear1h Sciences jeon-Bemord H. Minster

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Ship Operationa and Marine Technical Support

Robert A. Knox

Nimitz: Marine Facility Thomas S. Althouse

Shipboard Technicol Support Services

David Wirth

Resident Technicians Rqbett C. Wtbon

Shipboard Computer Group Ronald L /11\oe

Geophysical Technicians Perry j. S. Cromplon

Oceanographic Data Facility james H. Swift

Geological Data Center Stuart M. Smith

SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIONS

Benthic Invertebrates William A. Newman

Geological William R. Riedel

Marine Vertebrates Richard H. Rosenblatt

Planktonic Invertebrates M.ork D. Ohman

Director 1

Edward A. Frieman

Deputy Director, ScientiAc Affairs Mary G. Altolo

Deputy Director, Academic Affairs Associate Dean

Michael M. Mullin

Associate Dintelor SOMTS Robert A. Knox

ADMINISTRATION

Academic Personnel Gail C. Andres

Contracts/Grants Norman J Sattler

Financial Administration and Staff

Nona B. Crompton

Technical Publications Kiitie K. Kuhns

PUBLIC SERVICE UNIT

Aquarium-Museum Donald W. Wilkie

SUPPORT UNITS

Diving Officer Wayne D, P.awelek

Marine Science Development and Outfitting Shop Matthew C. Unwin

Photography Unit Susan R. Green

Scripps Satellite Oceanography Center

james J Simpson

Video Unit Chuck Colgan

UC SAN DIEGO BRANCH UNITS AT SCRIPPS

Archives Deborah C. Doy

Communications Cindy l Clark

Development john W Steinilz

Ubrary William}. Goff

Purchasing Robert M. lum

UC INSTITUTES

CoiSpoce Institute Solly K. Ride

Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics

John A OrcuH, Assoc. Oir.

Cecil and Ida Green Pinon Flat Observatory

frank K. Wyatt

SC R I PPS IN STIT U TIO N

RESEARCH DIVISIONS

Climole Research Division Richard C. j. Some/Ville

Geological Research Division Miriam Kastner

Marine Biology Research Divi1ion Jeffrey B. Graham

Morine Research Division William H. Fenicol

Physical Oceanography Research Division

Non A. Bray

RESEARCH UNITS

Center for Coastal Studies Clinton D. Winant

Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine

Jeffrey B. Gfohom (Acting)

Marine life Research Group Michael M. Mullin

Marine Physicall.aborotory William A. Kupem10n

SPECIAL PROGRAMS

Center for Oouds, Chemistry ond Oimate

Veerabhodran Ramanathan

Joint Institute for Morine Observations

Warren White

Sea Grant College Program james j. Sullivan

AFFINITY GROUP

Neurobiology Unit Theodore H. Bullock

*Current june 30, 1993

tAiso Vice Chancellor of Morine Sciences and Dean of Morine Science

0 F O C EANOGRAPH Y

51

•

52 •

TIM BARNETT

Received the Sverdrup Gold Medal

from the American Meteorological

Society.

WillARD N. BASCOM

Received an honorary doctoral degree

in natural sciences from the University

of Genoa, Italy.

WALTER F. HEIUGENBERG

Elected to the American Academy

of Arts and Sciences.

UTE c. HERZFELD

Awarded President's Prize for 1992

by the International Association for

Mathematical Geology.

MIRIAM KASTNER

Elected to the American Association

for the Advancement of Science.

DR. WALTER MUNK

GERALD KooYMAN

Received the Special Creativity Award

from the National Science Foundation .

lucv-ANN McFADDEN

Selected for the National Science

Foundation 's program-Visiting

Professorships for Women .

WALTER MuNK

Received the Vetlesen Prize from

Columbia University.

Awarded the 1993 ARCS

(Achievement Rewards for College

Scientists) Scientist of the Year Award .

JIM STEWART

Received the Pioneer Award of the

American Academy of Underwater

Sciences.

JULY 1, 1992-JUNE 30, 1993

ALL SYMBOLS AND

ABBREVIATIONS ARE LISTED

AT THE END OF THE SECTION.

Henry D. I. Abarbanel, Physics/MPL, Physics

* Duncan C. Agnew, IGPP, Geophysics

t Mark E. Ander, IGPP, Geophysics

+ Victor C. Anderson, ECE/MPL, Marine Physics

Daniel E. Andrews, Jr., MPL, Acoustical Engineering

* Laurence Armi, PORD, Physical Oceanography

~ James R. Arnold, Chemistry/CSI, Space Research

* Gustaf 0. S. Arrhenius, MRD, Oceanography

+ RobertS. Arthur, D-SIO, Physical Oceanography

Roswell W. Austin, MRD, Optical Physics

* Forooq Azam, MBRD, Microbiology

• Momoudou B. Ba, CSI, Remote Sensing

* George E. Backus, IGPP, Geophysics

* Jeffrey L. Bodo, MRD, Morine Chemistry

• Valerie Ballu, MPL, Marine Geophysics

Tim P. Barnett, CRD, Physical Oceanography

lzadore Barrett, MLRG, Fisheries

* Douglas H. Bartlett, MBRD,

Morine Bacterial Molecular Genetics

Willard N. Bascom, MRD, Applied Ocean Sciences

• Timothy R. Baumgartner, MLRG, Geological Oceanography and Paleoceanography

+ Andrew A Benson, MBRD, Marine Biology

Yaacov K. Bentor, GRD, Petrology

Jonathan Berger, IGPP, Geophysics

* Wolfgang H. Berger, GRD, Oceanography

• Donna K. Blackman, IGPP, Marine Geophysics

• Erwin Blezer, PORD, Oceanography

e Yehuda Bock, IGPP, Geodesy

• Kenneth Boyd, MRD, Organic Chemistry

+ Hugh Bradner, AMES/IGPP, Physics

• Bianca M. Brahamsha, MBRD, Microbiology

Nancy A Bray, PORD/CCS, Physical Oceanography

Edward Brinton, MLRG, Marine Biology

* Kevin M. Brown, GRD, Geological Sciences

+ James N . Brune, GRD/IGPP, Geophysics

t Richard C. Brusca, MBRD, Marine Biology and Systematics

* Michael J. Buckingham, MPL, Ocean Acoustics ·

John D. Bukry, GRD, Micropaleontology

+ Theodore H. Bllllock, Neuroscience/NU, Neurobiology

• Lawrence J. Burdick, IGPP, Geophysics

* Ronald S. Burton, MBRD, Biological Sciences

John L. Butler, MBRD, Morine Biology

Eric Calais, IGPP, Marine Tectonics

* Steven C. Conde, GRD, Morine Geophysics

Angelo F. Carlucci, MLRG, Microbiology

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION

George F. Carnevale, PORD, Oceanography

* Paterno R. Castillo, GRD, Petrology

Daniel R. Cayan, CRD, Meteorology

* Paola Cessi, PORD, Physical Oceanography

* Christopher D. Charles, GRD, Paleoclimatology

* David M. Checkley, MLRG, Morine Ecology

• Jen-Ping Chen, CSI, Meteorology

Shyh<:hin Chen, CRD, Meteorology

Lanna Cheng, MBRD, Morine Entomology

Teresa Chereskin, PORD/MLRG, Physical Oceanography

+ Tsaihwaj. Chow, PORD, Chemistry

William D. Collins, CSI, Atmospherics

* Catherine G. Constable, IGPP, Geophysics

Steven C. Constable, IGPP, Oceanography

Bruce D. Cornuelle, PORD, Oceanography

+ Charles S. Cox, PORD, Physical Oceanography

* Harmon Craig, GRD, Geochemistry/ Oceanography

e Paul Crutzen, D-SIO, Stratospheric Chemistry

+ Joseph R. Curray, GRD, Marine Geology

David L. Cutchin, PORD, Physical Oceanography and Climatology

• Frankj. Cynar, Jr., CMBB, Marine Biology

* Russ E. Davis, PORD, Physical Oceanography

* Paul K. Dayton, MLRG, Biological Oceanography

Grant B. Deane, MPL, Mathematics

Bruce L. Deck, GRD, Geochemistry

e Douglas P. DeMoster, D-SIO, Population Dynamics

Christian P. de Moustier, MPL/SOMTS, Oceanography

e Richard B. Deriso, D-SIO, Fisheries Population Dynamics

Andrew G. Dickson, MPL, Chemistry

Clive E. Dorman, CCS, Physical Oceanography

* LeRoy M. Dorman, GRD/MPL, Geophysics

• Thomas G. Droke, CCS, Geology

Gerald D'Spain, MPL, Oceanography

+ Seibert Q. Duntley, D-SIO, Physics

• Stephen Elgar, CCS, Nearshore Processes

• Donald E. Eliason, CRD, Ocean Circulation Modeling

+ Albert E. J. Engel, D-SIO, Geology

* James T. Enright, MRD/NU, Biological Oceanography

• Mark Everett, IGPP, Geomagnetism

• Roy Fall, MBRD, Biochemistry

Peng Fang, IGPP, Geodesy

* D. John Faulkner, MRD, Morine Natural Products Chemistry

* Horst Felbeck, MBRD, Morine Biochemistry

Jean-Francais Fels, IGPP, Seismology

* William H. Fenical, MRD, Chemistry

Jean H. Filloux, PORD, Physical Oceanography

Frederick H. Fisher, MPL, Morine Physics

• Harvey Fishman, PORD, Oceanography

• Maria Flatau, CSI, Atmospheric Science

Piotr Flatau, CSI, Atmospheric Science

0 F OCEANOGRAPHY

53 •

Reinhard E. Flick, CCS, Coastal Processes • Marcus Horning, CMBB, Biology Michael C. Malin, IGPP, Planetary Physics

• Agusta H. Flosad6ttir, PORD, RobertS. Howard, CMBB, Jacqueline Mammerickx, GRD, Geology Ocean Circulation Blood Oxygen Studies

Arnold W. Mantyla, MLRG, Oceanography • Marina N. Fomenkova, CSI, • John R. Hunter, D-SIO, Ichthyology • Josefina Martinez, MBRD, Microbial Ecology Space Physics and Chemistry Mark E. Huntley, MBRD, Marine Biology

• Walter P. Frankmoelle, MRD, • Akihiko Maruyama, MBRD, Microbiology Marine Natural Products • David W. Hyde, IGPP, Electrical Engineering

* T. Guy Masters, IGPP, Geophysics

* Peter J. Franks, MLRG, Sam F. lacobellis, CRD/CSI, Lucy-Ann McFadden, CSI, Space Physics Biological Oceanography Physical Oceanography

Glenn R. lerley, IGPP, Physical Oceanography * John A. McGowan, MLRG,

* Edward A. Frieman, Director, Oceanography * Biological Oceanography Robert J. Frouin, CSI, Meteorology

.. Anand K. lnamdar, CSI,

* W. Kendall Melville, MPL, Fluid Mechanics Radiative Traosfer/Numerical Computation Gerald L. Geernaert, CCS/PORD/CSI, Shane F. lngate, IGPP, Seismology Mark A. Merrifield, MPL, Atmospheric Sciences Physical Oceanography

• Joachim F. Genrich, IGPP, Geophysics * Douglas L. Inman, CCS, • Audrey W. Meyer, GRD, Geology Physical Oceanography

• Ronald A. George, CCS, • Satoshi Inouye, MBRD, Molecular Biology John W. Miles, AMES/IGPP, Physical Oceanography Geophysics/Fluid Dynamics

• Konstantine Geargakakos, CRD, JamesJ. Irwin, GRD, Geochemistry Arthur J. Miller, CRD/CSI, Hydrology and Water Resources David Jacobs, PORD, Physical Oceanography Physical Oceanography

* Carl H. Gibson, AMES/D-SIO, Fluid Dynamics Jules S. Jaffe, MPL, Biophysics * Jean-Bernard H. Minster, IGPP, Geophysics

* Joris M. T. M. Gieskes, MRD, Bernd Johne, PORD, Atmospheric Chemistry B. Grefcory Mitchell, MRD, Marine Chemistry • Paul Jastien, MPL, Chemistry Phytop ank:ton Biology

* J. Freeman Gilbert, IGPP, Geophysics Scott A Jenkins, CCS, Physical Oceanography • Ralph Mitchell, MBRD,

Holly K. Given, IGPP, Seismology Environmental Microbiology

• Zhi Jiang, MRD, Pharmacology H. Geoffrey Moser, MBRD, Fisheries Biology

* Edward D. Goldberg, MRD, Chemistry JamesJoseph, MRD, Marine Biology Edward M. Goolish, CMBB/MBRD, Fisheries * Michael M. Mullin, MLRG,

Adrianusj. Kalmijn, PORD, Biology/Physics Biological Oceanography Jeffrey B. Graham, CMBB/MBRD,

* Miriam Kastner, GRD, Geology • Tissa Munashinghe, GRD, Marine Geology Marine Biology/Physiology

Nicholas E. Graham, CRD, Meteorology • Stephen L. Katz, MBRD, Biomechanics • Andreas Munchow, CCS,

Peter R. Guenther, GRD, Marine Chemistry • Ronald S. Kaufmann, MBRD, Marine Biology Physical Oceanography

Isabelle S. Kay, D-SIO, Ecology * Walter H. Munk, IGPP, Geophysics

* Robert T. Guza, PORD/CCS, • Seiichi Nagihara, GRD/MPL, Geophysics Physical Oceanography * Charles D. Keeling, GRD, Marine Chemistry

• John Hakansen, MBRD, Zoology * Ralph F. Keeling, MRD, Atmospheric Chemistry James H. Natland, GRD, Geology

• Harold T. Hammel, CMBB, Physiology • J. Michael Kendall, IGPP, Tectonics • Thomas Neumann, GRD; Geology

Alistair J. Harding, IGPP, Seismology • Michael P. Kennedy, GRD, Geology * William A. Newman, STS, Biological Oceanography

• James L. Harris, Sr., DO, Optical Physics • Young-Kyoon Kim, MRD, Natural Products • William A. Nierenberg,

• Richard A. Haubrich, IGPP, Geophysics Ro~rt A. Knox, PORD/SOMTS, Director Emeritus/CSI, Oceanography

Loren R. Haury, MLRG, . Oceanography • Catherine Nigrini, GRD, Paleontology Biological Oceanography * Gerald L. Kooyman, CMBB, Physiology

* P. Peter Niiler, MLRG/PORD,

• Susan L. Hautala, PORD, Jeffrey L. Kralik, MPL, Electrical Engineering Applied Mechanics Physical Oceanography

* William A. Kuperman, MPL, Marine Acoustics Toyoaki Nogami, MRD,

* James W. Hawkins, GRD, Geology • Stephana C. La Barre, MRD, Geotechnical Engineering

• Francis T. Haxo, MBRD, Marine Botany Chemical Ecology • Charles L. Norris, CRD, Remote Sensing

* Margo G. Haygood, MBRD, Marine Biology Ngai C. Lai, CMBB, -Co R. Glenn Northcutt, Neurosciences, Zoology

Thomas L. Hayward, MLRG, Elasmobranch Cardiology • William O'Reilly, CCS, Numerical Modeling Biological Oceanography * Devendra Lal, GRD, Nuclear Geophysics of Nearshore Waves

* Walter F. Heiligenberg, MBRD/NU, Carina B. Lange, GRD, Marine Diatoms Jose L. Ochoa de Ia Torre, CCS, Behavioral Physiology John L. Largier, CCS, Physical Oceanography

Edvard A. Hemmingsen, CMBB, Physiology Coastal and Estuarine Hydrodynamics * Mark D. Ohman, MLRG/STS,

* Myrl C. Hendershott, CCS/PORD, Michael I. Latz, MBRD, Bioluminescence Biological Oceanography

Physical Oceanography of Marine Organisms Nojan Omidi, CSI, Space Plasma Physics

Tareah J. Hendricks, MRD, • Nom K. Lee, MRD, Marine Natural Products * John A. Orcutt, IGPP, Geophysics Physical Oceanography

* Lisa A. Levin, MLRG, Marine Population and • Mirko Orlic, CCS, Physical Oceanography

• Thomas H. Herbers, CCS/GRD, Community Ecology * Brian Palenik, MBRD, Oceanography Radiation Stress • Ralph A. Lewin, MBRD, Marine Biology

Timothy D. Herbert, GRD, Paleoceanography • Dmitris Pantzartis, MPL, Electrical Engineering

* • Leonard N. Liebermann, Physics/MPL, Physics and Paleoclimatology Alejandro Pares-Sierra, CRD,

• Juan Carlos Her~uera, GRD, • MichaelS. Longuet-Higgins, D-SIO, Ocean Modeling and Remote Sensing

Paleoceanograp y Applied Mathematics Edward T. Park, MLRG,

Ute C. Herzfeld, MPL, Mathematical Geology * Peter F. Lonsdale, MPL/GRD, Geology Systematics and Biogeography 54 • Ralph Lovberg, IGPP, Physics * Robert L. Parker, IGPP /PORD, Geophysics • * Robert R. Hessler, MBRD,

Biological Oceanography Carl D. Lowenstein, MPL, Marine Physics • William F. Perrin, D-SIO, Zoology

* John A. Hildebrand, MPL/GRD, Dan Lubin, CSI, Atmospheric Physics • Melvin N. A. Peterson, GRD, Marine Geology Applied Physics Gunter W. Lugmair, GRD, Geochemistry Ray G. Peterson, PORD, Oceanography

* WilliamS. Hodgkiss, Jr., MPL, Douglas· S. Luther, PORD, Oceanography •* W. Jason Phipps-M~an, IGPP, Signal Processing

* J. Douglas Macdougall, GRD, Marine Geology Marine Geophysics ectonophysics

* Nicholas D. Holland, MBRD, Marine Biology • Fred B Phleger, GRD, Oceanography • Sophie-Adelaide Magnier, IGPP, Geophysics Osmund Holm-Hansen, MRD, Marine Biology

* Robert Pinkel, PORD/MPL, Internal Waves

Paul J. Ponganis, PRL, Anesthesiology/Biology • Paul E. Smith, [}SIO, Pelagic Ecology • Arthur Weber, MRD, Chemistry

John R. Potter, MPL, Acoustical Oceanography Raym.ond C. Smith, MRD, Physics * Ray F. Weiss, GRD, Geochemistry

• Eric Pouliquen, CSI, Remote Sensing Stuart M. Smith, SOMTS, Submarine Geology * Bradley T. Werner, CCS, Geomorphology

• Russell W. Raitt, MPL, Marine Geophysics Walter H. F. Smith, IGPP, Marine Geophysics • Fred N. White, Medicine/CMBB,

A* Veerabhadran Ramanathan, CSI/CRD, • George N. Somera, [}SIO, Marine Biology Comparative Physiology

Planetary Atmospheres

* Richard C. j. Somerville, CRD, Meteorology Warren B. White, PORD/CRD,

• Barbara l. Ransom, GRD, Geology Andrew Soutar, MLRG, Paleontology Oceanography

• Herisoa Razafimpanilo, CSI, Fred N . Spiess, MPL, Marine Physics Robert H. Whritner, PORD, Meteorology

Physical Chemistry of Atmosphere • • William S. Wilcock, IGPP, Oceanography

Philip F. Rehbock, MBRD, History of Science * Arthur J. Spivack, GRD, GeOchemistry • David Williams, MRD, BiCX>rganic Chemistry

Freda M. Reid, MLRG, Taxonomy Hubert H. Staudigel, IGPP, Geology Peter M . Williams, MRD,

• Joseph l. Reid, MLRG, Physical Oceanography Robert E. Stevenson, PORD, Chemical Oceanography

Genelle W. Renz, GRD, Paleontology Geological Oceanography

* Clinton D. Winant, CCS/PORD, • • Bedrettin Subasilar, CSI, Atmospheric Oceanography

• Anthony M. Richardson, MPL, Science/Mechanical Engineering * Edward l. Winterer, GRD, Geology Electrical Engineering

~ Hans E. Suess, Chemistry/PORD, Chemistry Michael j. Wiskerchen, CSI, Physics ~ Sally K. Ride, Physics/CSI, • Toshio Suga, PORD, Physical Oceanography Space Physics and Free-Electron Lasers Peter F. Worcester, IGPP/MPL/PORD,

William R. Riedel, STS, Marine Geology •* George Sugihara, PORD, Oceanography

John 0. Roads, CRD/CSI, Meteorology Mathematical Biology • Xiaohua Yang, PORD, Meteorology James j. Sullivan, SGP, Economics A. Aristides Yayanos, CMBB, Physiology • Odele Rocha, MLRG, Zoology James H. Swift, PORD/MLRG,

* Dean H. Roemmich, PORD/MLRG, Physical Oceanography • Stephan Yhann, MlRG, Electrical Engineering

Oceanography * lynne D. Talley, PORD, Oceanography * William R. Young, PORD/IGPP,

David P. Rogers, CSI/PORD/CCS/MPL, John A. Tarduno, GRD, Geophysics Physical Oceanography

Meteorology Guang j. Zhang, CSI, Atmospheric Physics

* Richard H. Rosenblatt, STS, Marine Zoology t Mahmoud Tarokh, CSI, • Meixun Zhao, MRD, Geochemistry Robotics and Space Engineering

• Anatol Rozenberg, MPL, Oceanology

* Lisa Tauxe, GRD, Geophysics • Meng Zhou, MBRD, Coastal Oceanography

* Richard l. Salmon, PORD, Oceanography Bradley M. Tebo, MBRD, Marine Biology • Jian·Xiong Zhu, MRD, Seafloor Mechanics

* David.T. Sandwell, GRD, Marine Geophysics Mia J. Tegner, MLRG, Marine Biology Mark A. Zumberge, IGPP, Physics

Annika B. Sanfilippo, GRD/STS, Paleontology . Alakh N . Thakur, CSI, Cosmochemistry Allan W. Sauter, MPL/GRD, William H. Thomas, MRD, Microbiology • Adjunct Professor Series Ocean Bottom Seismology

Arndt Schimmelmann, GRD, Geochemistry • David j. Thomson, [}SIO, Spectral Analysis • Cecil H. & Ida Green Scholar

• Niklas Schneider, CRD, Oceanography Robert D. Tschirgi, CSI, Physiology/Medicine A Alderson Chair

t Frederick R. Schram, MBRD, Mizuki Tsuchiya, MRD, + .Emeritus

Invertebrate Paleontology Physical Oceanography * Faculty, Department of SIO

• Jeffrey D. Schuffert, GRD, Geology Frederick I. Tsuji , MBRD, Biochemistry • john D. Isaacs Chair t Richard A. Schwartzlose, MLRG, • Linda E. Tway, GRD, Geology

Physical Oceanography Kyozo Ueyoshi, CRD, Meteorology • Visiting/Postdoctoral Scholar

* John G. Sclater, GRD, Geophysics • Victor Vacquier, MPL, Geophysics Non-Salaried, Affiliated Elsewhere

t Paul D. Scuii~Power, PORD, *' Victor D. Vacquier, MBRD, oOo Member of SIO Faculty"

Applied Mat emetics Developmental Biology

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* Robert E. Shadwick, MBRD, * Charles W . Van Aita, AMES/D-SIO, Sciences Department Connective Tissue Biophysics Geophysical Fluid Dynamics CMBB Center for Marine

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* Peter M. Shearer, IGPP, Seismology CSI California Space Institute

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Jeffrey T. Sherman, PORD, Maria Verne!, MRD, Oceanography DO Director's Office

Applied Ocean Sciences Frank l. Vernon, IGPP, Seismology ECE Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Valentin Shevchenko, CSI, • Russell Vernonclark, MRD, Organic Chemistry GRD Geological Research Division Space Plasma Physics • Helene Vervoort, MRD, Natural Products IGPP Institute of Geophysics

• lei Shi, CSI, Physical Meteorology • Benjamin E. Volcani , MBRD, and Planetary Physics

MBRD Marine Biology Research Division • George G. Shor, Jr. , SOMTS/MPL, Marine M icrobiology MLRG Marine life Research Group Marine Geophysics • Stefan Wacs, PORD, Physics MPL Marine Physical Laboratory

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t Michael R. Silverman, MBRD, Chien Wang, CSI, Atmospheric Science NU Neurobiology Unit

Microbial/Molecular Genetics • PORD Physical Oceanography

James j. Simpson, MLRG, * Kenneth M. Watson, MPL, Research Division Physical Oceanography SGP Sea Grant. Program 55

Physical Oceanography Shimon Wdowinski, IGPP, Geophysics SOMTS Ship Operations and •

Jerome A. Smith, PORD/MPL, • Marine Technical Support Physical Oceanography Spahr C. Webb, MPL/PORD, Oceanography STS Shipboard Technical Support Kenneth l. Smith, Jr. , MBRD, * Wuchang Wei, GRD, Micropaleontology/ Ecological Energetics Paleoceanography

• Kevin B. Smith, MPL, Applied Marine Physics

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THE RESULTS OF SCRIPPS RESEARCH ARE PUBLISHED IN MANY

DIFFERENT FORMS. THESE PUBLICATIONS RANGE FROM SHORT CONTRACTUAL

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A LISTING OF RECENT SCRIPPS PUBLICATIONS FOLLOWS. DETAILED

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BULLETIN

The Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography is an irregularly

published series for lengthy, in-depth

scientific papers written by Scripps scientists. For information about

subscriptions and a list of volumes available please write to: ·

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The most recent volumes are listed

below.

v.28 Castellini, Michael A., Randall W. Davis and Gerold l. Kooyman. Annual Cycles of Diving Behavior and Ecology of the Weddell Seal. 1992. 54p.

v.29 Park, Toisoo. Taxonomy and Distribution of the Mo· rine Colonoid Copepod Family Euchoetidoe. In Press.

CALCOFI PUBLICATIONS

The work of the California Coopera­tive Oceanic Fisheries Investigations

(CaiCOFI), in which th~ Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the

California Department of Fish and

Game, and the National Marine

Fisheries Service cooperate, is published in a variety of formats. Peer­

reviewed scientific articles are published annually in the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports. Maps of

physical, chemical, climatological, and biological factors measured by

CaiCOFI researchers during the

program's 44-year history are published irregularly in the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Atlas series. Data

reports, containing the processed data from specific cruises carried out under CaiCOFI sponsorship, are published irregularly in the SIO reference series

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The Scripps Institution of Oceanography Contributions is a compilation of selected reprints authored by the

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publication is available only on an exchange basis to other scientific, research, and advanced educational

institutions. For exchange information

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Amon, Angora, Heremino P. Randriamonontena, Aloin Podaire and Robert Frouin. Upscale integration of norma~ ized difference vegetation index: the problem of spatial het­erogeneity. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v.30, no.2, 1992. pp.32&338.

Ammerman, james W. and Forooq Azam. Bocteriol5'-nucle­otidose activity in estuarine and coastal marine waters: char­acterization of enzyme activity. Limnology ond Oceanogra­phy, v.36, no.7, 1991. pp.1427-1436.

Ammerman, james W. and Forooq Azam. Bacteriol5'-nucle­otidose activity in estuarine and coastal marine waters: role in phosphorous regeneration. Limnology and Oceanography, v.36, no.7, 1991. pp.1437·1447.

Aster, Richard C. and P. M. Shearer. Initial shear wove par­ticle motions and stress constraints at the Anzo Seismic Net­work. Geophysical journal International, v.1 08 , 1992. pp.7 4(}7 48 .

Azam, Forooq and David C. Smith. Bacterial influence on the variability in the ocean's biogeochemical stat~: a mecha­nistic view. In Particle Analysis in Oceanography NATO AS/ Series. Series G: Ecological Sciences, v.27, edited by Serge Demers. Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 1991 . pp. 213-236.

Azam, Forooq, David C. Smith and A. F. Carlucci. Bacterial transformation and transport of organic matter in the South­ern California Bight. Progress in Oceanography, v.30, 1992. pp.151-166.

Azam, Farooq, David C. Smith and James T. Hollibaugh. The role of the microbial loop in Antarctic pelagic ecosys­tems. Polar Research, v.10 •. no.1 , 1991 . pp.239-243 .

Bacastow, Robert and E. Maier-Reimer. Dissolved organic carbon in modeling oceanic new production. Global Bio­geochemical Cycles, v.5, no.1 , 1991 . pp.71-85.

Barnett, Tim P. An attempt to deled the greenhouse-gas sig­nal in a transient GCM simulation . In Greenhouse<7as-lnduced Climatic Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations. Developments in Atmospheric Science, 19, edited by M. E. Schlesinger. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 1991. pp.559-568 .

Ba$0r, Erol and Theodore Holmes Bullock. Induced Rhythms in the Brain. Brain Dynamics Series, edited by E. Ba~r and T. H. Bullock. Baston, Birkhouer, 1992. 483p.

Bauer, Aaron M ., Anthony P. Russell and R. E. Shadwick. Skin mechanics and morphology in Sphaerodaclyius roosevelt; (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Herpetologico, v.48, no. 1, 1992. pp.124-133.

Bauer, James E., P.M. W illiams and E. R. M. Druffel . 1"<: activity of dissolved organic carbon fractions in the north-central Pacific and Sargasso Sea. Nature, v. 357, 1992. pp.667-670.

Bauer, James E. , P. M . Williams and E. R. M. Druffel. Recov­ery of submilligram quantities of carbon dioxide from gas streams by molecular sieve for subsequent determination of isotopic (1 3C and 1"<:) natural abundances. Analytical Chem­istry, v.64, na.7, 1992. pp.824-827.

Baumgartner , Tim R., Andrew Soutar and Vicente Ferreira-Bartrina. Reconstruction of the history af Pacific sar­dine and northern anchovy populations over the past two millennia from sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin, Cali­fornia. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investiga­tions Reports, v.33, 1992. pp.24-40.

Becker, Janet and john W . Miles. Progressive radial cross-waves. journal of Fluid Mechanics, v.245, 1992. pp.29-46.

Bemis, W. E. and R. Glenn Northcutt. Skin and blood ves­sels of the snout of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, and their significance for interpreting the cosmine of Devonian lungfishes. Acta Zoologico, v.73 , no.2, ·1 992. pp.11.S-139.

Benedix, G. K., lucy-Ann A. McFadden, E. M . Morrow and M . N. Fomenkova. Bias corredion factors for near-Earth ()S·

teroids. In Asteroids, Comets, Ntetears 1991. Proceedings of the International Conference held ot Northern Arizona University, FlogstoH, june 24-28, 1991, edited by Alan W. Harris and Edward Bowell. Houston, lunar and Planetary Institute, 1992. pp.65-68.

Berger, Wolfgang H. The CO/CH~ climate connection. In Trace Gases and the Biosphere, edited by Berrien. Moore Ill and David Schimel. Boulder, Coloroda, UCAR/Office for Interdisciplinary Earth Studies, 1992. pp.l3-40. ·

Berger, Wolfgang and G. Wefer. Flux of biogenous materi­als to the seafloor: open questions. In Use and Misuse of the Seafloor. Report of the Dahlem Workshop on Use and Mis­use of Seafloor, Berlin 1991, March 17-22. Environmental Sciences Research Report, ES 11 , edited by K. j. Hsu and j. Thiede. Chichester, England, John Wiley & Sans, 1992. pp.285-304.

Berger, Wolfgang. No change down under. Nature, v.351 , 1991. p.187.

Berger, Wolfgang. Pacific carbonate cycles revisited: argu­ments for and against produdivity control. In Centenary of japanese MicropoleantOiogy, edited by K. lshizaki and T. Saito. Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, 1992. pp.15-25.

Berger, Wolfgang and G . Wefer. Productivity of the glacial ocean: discussion of the iron hypothesis. Limnology and Oceanography, v.36, no.8, 1991. pp.1899-1918.

Berger, Wolfgang. Produktivitot des ozeans a us geologischer sicht: denkmodelle und beispiele. leitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, v. 142, 1991 . pp.149-178.

Berger, Wolfgang and j. C. Herguera. Reading the sedi­mentary record of the ocean's productivity. In Primary Pro­ductivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, edited by Paul G. Falkowski and Avril D. Woodhead. New York, Ple­num Press, 1992. pp.455-486.

Berger, Wolfgang, l. W . Kroenke, l. A. Mayer,j. Backman, T. R. Janecek, l. Krissek, M. Leckie and M. Lyle. The record of Ontong java Plateau: main results of ODP teg 130. Geo­logico/ Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, 1992. pp.954-972.

Babzin, Steven C. and D. John Faulkner. Chemistry and chemical ecology of the Bahamian sponge Aplysillo glacio/is. Journal of Chemical Ecology, v.18, no. 3 , 1992 . pp.309-332 .

Brienzo, R. K. Velocity and attenuation profiles in the Monterey beep-Sea Fan. journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v.92, no.4, pt.1, 1992. pp.2109-2125.

Brownell, Robert l., Jr. and William F. Perrin. World review of incidental mortality in cetaceans. fBI Reports, no.3, 1992. pp.1-8.

Brune, James, joseph R. Curray, leRoy Dorman and Russell Raitt. A proposed super-fhick sedimentary basin, Bay of .Ben­gal. GeOphysical Research Letters, v. 19, no.6, 1992. pp.565-568.

Buckeridge, John S. and William A. Newman. A reexamina­tion of Woikalasma (Cirripedia: Thoracica) and its signifi­cance in bolanomorph phylogeny. Journal of Paleontology, v.66, no.2, 1992. pp.341-345.

Buckingham, Michael j., Broderick V. Berkhout and Stewart A. l. Glegg. Imaging the ocean with ambient noise. Nature, v.356, 1992. pp.327-329.

Buckingham, Michael j. Ocea~coustic propagation mod­els. journal d'Acoustique, 1992. pp.223-287.

Bullock, Theodore Holmes. Comparisons of major and mi­nor taxa reveal two kinds of differences: 'lateral' adapta­tions and 'vertical" changes in grade. In The Evoluhbnory Biology of Hearing, edited by Douglas B. Webster, Richard R. Fay, and Arthur N. Popper. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1992. pp.15-19.

Bullock, Theodore Holmes. lntrodudion to induced rhythms: a widespread; heterogeneous class of oscillations. In Induced Rhythms in the Brain. Brain C>ynomics Series, edited by E. Ba~ar and T. H. Bullock. Baston, Birkhouser, 1992. pp.1-26.

Caress, D. W ., M. S. Burnett and John A. Orcutt. Tomographic image of the axiallowwlocity zone at 12°50'N on the East Pacific Rise. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.B6, 1992. pp.9243-9263.

Carlucci , A. F. , D. M. Wolgast and D. B. Craven. Microbial populations in surface films: amino acid dynamics in nearshore and offshore waters off southern California. journal of Geo­physical Research, v.97, no.C4, 1992. pp.5271-5280.

Carnevale, G . F. , R. C. Kloosterziel and G .j. F. van Heijst. Propagation of barotropic vortices over topography in a ro­tating tank. journal of Fluid Mechanics, v.233 , 1991. pp.119-139.

Castellini, M. A., Gerald l. Kooyman and Paul j. Ponganis. Metabolic rates of freely diving Weddell seals: correlations with oxygen stores, swim velocity and diving duration. jour­nal of Experimental Biology, v.165, 1992. pp. 181-194.

Castillo, Paterno R., Peter A. Floyd and Christian France-Lanord. Isotope geochemistry of leg 129 basalts: implications for the origin of the widespread Cretaceous v~ conic event in the Pacific. In Proceedings of the Ocean Drill­ing Program, Scientific Results, Old Pacific Crust, v. 129, edited by Roger l. larson, Yves lancelot, et al. College Sta­tion, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, 1 992. pp.405-4 1 3 .

Chave, Alan D., DouglasS. Luther andjeon H. Filloux. The barotropic electromagnetic and pressure experiment. 1 . Barotropic current response to atmospheric forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no .C6, 1992 . pp.9565-9593 .

SCRIPPS I -NSTITUT I ON

Chave, Alan D., DouglasS. Luther, l. j. Lanzerotti and l. V. Medford. Geoelectric field measurements on a planetary scale: oceanographic and geophysical applications. Geo­physical Research Letters, v. 19, no . 13 , 1992. pp. 1411 -1414.

Cheng, Lanna and John H. Wormuth. Are there separate populations of Halobates in the Gulf of Mexico? Bulletin of Morine Science, v.50, no.2, 1992. pp.307-319.

Chertock, Beth, Robert Frouin and Catherine Goutier. A tech­nique for global monitoring of net solar irradiance at the ocean surface. Port II: validation. journal of Applied Nteteo­rology, v.31, no.9, 1992. pp.1 067-1083 .

Cobra, Daniel T. , Alan V. Oppenheim and jules S. Jaffe. Geometric distortions in side-scan sonar images: a proce­dure for their estimation and correction. IEEE journal of Oce­anic Engineering, v.17, na.3, 1992. pp.252-268.

Collins, William. Mechanics of apparent horizons. Physico/ Review D, v.45, na.2, 1992. pp.495-498.

Collins, William. The theory of magnetohydrodynamic wave generation by localized sources. Ill. Efficiency of plasma heating by dissipation of far-field waves. Astrophysico/Joor­nal, v.384, 1992. pp.319-332.

Conley, Daniele. and Douglas l. lnman . Field observations of the fluid-granular boundary Ioyer under near-breaking waves. journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, na. C6, 1992. pp.9631-9643 .

Constoble, Catherine G. Link between geomagnetic rever­sal paths and secular variation of the field over the past 5 Myr. Nature, v.358, 1992. pp.230.232.

Constoble, Catherine G . Reply. journal of Geophysical Re­search, v.97, no.B10, 1992. pp.13,997-13,998.

Cynar, Frankj. and A. A. Yayanos. The distribution of meth­ane in the upper waters of the Southern California Bight. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.C7, 1992. pp.11 ,269-11,285.

Davis, C. S., S. M . Gallager, M. S. Berman, l. R. Haury and j. R. Strickler. The Video Plankton Recorder (VPR): de­sign and initial results . Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. Ergebnisse der limnologie. Advances in Limnology, v.36, 1992. pp.67-81 .

Davis, Russ E., D. Webb, lloyd A. Regier ondj . Dufour. The autonomous lagrangian circulation explorer (ALACE). jour­no/ of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v.9, no.3, 1992. pp.264-285.

Dayton, Paul K., Mia j. Tegner, P. E. Parnell and Peter B. Edwards. Temporal and spatial patterns of disturbance and recovery in a kelp forest community. Ecological Monographs, v.62, na.3, 1992. pp.421-445.

Deane, Grant B. and Chris T. Tindle. A three-dimensional analysis of acoustic propagation in a penetrable wedge slice. journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v.92, no.3, 1992. pp.1583-1592.

Dickson, Andrew G. The Determination of Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Seawater Using Extroction/Coulometry: The First Stage of a Collobarotive Study. Carbon Dioxide Research Program. Technical Report no. TR053. Washington, D.C., Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Envi· ronmental Research, and Carbon Dioxide Research Program, 1992. pp.1-43 .

Dickson, Andrew G . The development of the alkalinity con­cept in marine chemistry. Morine Chemistry, v.40, 1992. pp.49-63 .

Dizon, Andrew E., Christina Lockyer, William F. Perrin, Dou­glas P. DeMoster and joyce Sisson. Rethinking the stock con­cept: a phylogeographic approoch. Conservation Biology, v.6, no.1, 1992. pp.24-36.

Douglas, Michael E., Gory D. Schnell, Danielj. Hough and William F. Perrin . Geographic variation in cranial morpho~ ogy of spinner dolphins Stene/la longirostris in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean . Fishery Bulletin, v.90, 1992. pp.54-76.

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Druffel, E. R. M., P. M. Williams, James E. Bauer and John R. Ertel . Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.ClO, 1992. pp.15,639-15,659.

Druffel, E. R. M. and P. M. Williams. Imparlance of isotope measurements in marine organic geochemistry. Ntarine Chem­istry, v.39, 1992. pp.209-215.

D'Spain, Gerald l., W. S. Hodgkiss, G. L. Edmonds, John C. Nickles, Frederick H . Fisher and R. A. Harriss. Initial analysis of the data from the vertical DIFAR array. In Oceans '92, Proceedings, Volume 1; October 26-29, 1992, New­port, Rhode Island, Ntastering the Oceans Through Technol­ogy. Piscataway, NJ., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992. pp.346-35l.

Duda, T. F., S. M. Flatte, J. A. Colosi, B. Cornuelle, John A. Hildebrand, W. S. Hodgkiss, Peter F. Worcester, Bruce M. Howe, J. A. Mercer and Robert C. Spindel. Measured wove-front fluctuations in 1 ()()(}km pulse propagation in the Pacific Ocean. journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v.92, no.2, pl. 1, 1992. pp.939-955.

Elgar, Steve, Robert T. Guza, M. H. Freilich and M. J Briggs. laboratory simulations of directionally spread shoaling waves. journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineer­ing, v. 118, no.1 , 1992. pp.87-103 .

Elgar, Steve, T. H. C . Herbers, Michele Okihiro, Joan Oltman-Shay and Robert T. Guza. Observations of infragravity waves. journal o(Geophysical Research, v.97, no.ClO, 1992. pp.15, 573-15, 577.

Enright, James T. Unexpected role of the oblique muscles in the human vertical fusional reflex. Journal of Physiology, v.45 I , 1992. pp.279-293 .

Faulkner, D. John. Biomedical uses for natural marine chemi­cals. Oceanus, v.35, no.1, 1992. pp.29-35 .

Fomenkova, M. N. , J. F. Kerridge, K. Marti and lucy-Ann A. McFadden. Compositional trends in rock-forming elements ofcometHalleydusl. Science, v.258, 1992. pp.266-269.

Fritzsch, B. and R. Glenn Northcutt. A plastic embedding technique for analyzing fluorescent dextran-amine labelled neuronal profiles. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, v.67, no.3, 1992. pp. I 53- I 57.

Frouin, Robert and Beth Chertock. A technique for global monitoring of net solar irradiance at the ocean surface. Part 1: model. journal of Applied Nlefeoro/ogy, v.31, no.9, 1992. pp.1056-l066.

Geffen, Dian j. and Tim P. Barnett. A comparison of obser­vations and model simulations of tropospheric water vapor. journal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.D3 , 1992. pp.2775-2780.

Gautier, Catherine and Robert Frouin. Net surface solar irro­dionce variability in the central equatorial Pacific during 1982-1985.)ournalofCiimate, v.5, no.1 , 1992. pp.3Q-55.

Genrich, Joachim F. and Yehuda Bock. Rapid resolution of crustal motion at short ranges with the Global Positioning System.)ournal of Geophysical Research, v.97, no.B3, I 992. pp.326 I -3269.

Goldberg, Edward D. Morine metal pollutants, a small set. Ntarine Pollution Bulletin, v.25 , nos.1-4, 1992. pp.45-47.

Gordon, Arnold l., Roy F. Weiss, William M. Smethie, Jr. and M . j. Worner. Thermocline and intermediate water com­munication between the South Atlantic and Indian oceans. journal of Geophxsical Research, v.97, no.C5, 1992 •. pp.7223-7240 .

Griffiths, R. 1., R. E. Shadwick on9 P. j. Berger. Functional importance of a highly elastic ligament on the mammalian diaphragm . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, v.249, 1992. pp.199-204.

Gunowordana, Geewonondo P., Fronk E. Koehn, Angelo Y. Lee , Jon Clardy , Hoi-Yin He and D. John Faulkner . Pyridaacridine alkaloids from deep-water marine sponges of the family Pachastrellidoe: structure revision of dercilin and related compounds and correlation with the kuononiomines. Journal of Organic Chemistry, v.57, 1992. pp. I 523-1526.

Homann, lise M . and James H. Swift. A consistent inventory of water mass factors in the intermediate and deep Pacific Ocean derived from conservative tracers. Deep-Sea Research, v.38, Supplement I , 1991. pp.SI29-S169.

Hansen,j. A., D. W. Klumpp, D. M. Alongi, PaulK. Dayton and M. J Riddle. Detrftal pathways in a coral reef lagoon. II. Detritus deposition, benthic microbial biomass and produc­tion . Ntarine Biology, v.1 I 3, 1992. pp.363-372.

Haury, L. R., Hidekatsu Yamazaki and Connie L. Fey. Simul­taneous measurements of small-scale physical dynamics and zooplankton distributions. journal of Plankton Research, v. I 4, no.4, 1992. pp.5 I 3-530.

Hciygood, Margo G ., DanielL. Distel and Peter j. Herring. Polymerase chain reaction and I 6S rRNA gene sequences from the luminous bacterial symbionts of two deep-sea anglerfishes. journal of the Ntarine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, v.72, 1992. pp.149-159.

He, Hoi-Yin, Yenamandra Venkateswarlu, Mary Kay Harper, D. John Foulkner,J L. R. Steiner, E. Corcoran and jon Clardy. Morine natural products from the Seychelles. In Troisieme Symposium sur les Substances Naturelles D'interet Biologique de Ia Region Pacifique-Asie, Noumea, Nouvelle-Caledonie, 26-30 Aout 1991, Actes, edited by Cecile Debitus, Philippe Amade, Dominique laurent, and Jean-Pierre Cosson . Noumea, New Caledonia, Centre ORSTOM de Noumea. pp.257-264.

He, Hoi-Yin, D. John Faulkner, Angela Y. lee and jon Clardy. A new imidazole alkaloid from the marine sponge Leuceffa micrarhaphis. Journal of Organic Chemistry, v.57, . 1992. pp.2176-2178.

He, Hoi-Yin, Javier Solv6, Robert F. Catolos and D. John Faulkner. Sesquiterpene thiocyanates and isothiocyanates from Axinyssa ap/ysinoides. journal of Organic Chemistry, v.57, 1992. pp.3191-3194.

Herbers, T. H. C., R. L. lowe and Robert T. Guza. Field observations of orbital velocities and pressure in weakly non­linear surface gravity waves. journal of Fluid Nlechanics, v.245, I 992. pp:413-435.

Herbers, T. H. C. and Robert T. Guza. Wind-wove nonlin­earity observed at the seafloor. Part II: wovenumbers and third-order statistics. journal of Physical Oceanography, v.22, no.5 , 1992. pp.489-504.

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W illiams, P. M. Measurement of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in natural waters. Oceanography, v.5, no.2, 1992. pp.107-116.

Woodward, Robert l. and T. G . Masters. Upper manrle struc­ture from long-period differential traveltimes and free oscilla­tion data. Geophysical journal International, v. 1 09, 1 992. pp.275-293.

Yang, T.-H., N . Chin Lai ,Jeffrey B. Graham and George N . Somera. Respiratory, blood, and heart enzymatic adapta­tions of Sebastolobus alascanus (Scorpaenidae; Teleosteil to the oxygen minimum zone: a comparative study. Biological Bulletin, v.183, 1992. pp.49(}499.

Yuan , Xiaojun and lynne D. Talley. Shallow salinity minima . in the North Pocific .)ournalofPhysica/Oceanography, v.22, no. l 1 , 1992. pp. 1 302-1 316.

OTHER WORKS

Cheng, Lanna. Aquatic Insect Ecology, v.1 . (Book Review.) journal of Experimental t.Aarine Biology and Ecology, v. 1 tiJ / 1, 1992. pp.141-142.

Lewin, Ralph A. Algae in red . Review of "Dunaliella: Physic~ ogy, Biochemistry and Biotechnology.• (Book Review.) Na­ture, v.360, 1992. pp.119-120.

Potter, John R. Acoustic daylight: theory and numerical siml.l" lations for an imaging system using ambient noise in the ocean. journal of the Acoustical Sociely of America, 1992.

Rajkkonon, R. R. A multifunctional vessel: the polymaran SPRUT-M. Translated by Ralph A. Lewin . t.Aorine Technology Sociely)ournal, v.26, no.3, 1992. pp.58-59.

Guzman del Pr6o, S. A. , Mia J. Tegner, and S. A. Shep­herd, eds. Abalone of the world : biology, fisheries and cu~ lure (supplementary papers) . In Proceedings of the First Inter­national Symposium on Abalone in La Paz, lv1exico, 21-25 November 1989, Adelaide, South Australia, Department of Fisheries, 1992. 68p.

Whalen, Martin. The global methane cycle. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, 1993. pp.407-426.

NAGA REPORT SERIES

The Naga Report series covers the

scientific results of marine investigations

in the South China Sea ·and the Gulf of

Thailand from 1959 through 1961.

For a list of available reports and costs,

please send inquiries to:

University of California, San Diego

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Naga Reports

9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0201 La Jolla, California 92093-0201 .

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF

OCEANOGRAPHY ASSOCIATES

The Scripps Institution of Oceanography Associates members receive a quarterly

publication as a member benefit of the

SIO Associates program. Articles and

photographs feature Scripps scientists

and their research; columns cover

events at Scripps and profiles of

Scripps supporters. For membership information write to:

University of California, San Diego

Scripps Institution of Oceanography Associates

9 500 Gilman Drive Dept 0207 La Jolla, CA 92093-0207.

SCRIPPS INSTITUTION

OF OCEANOGRAPHY

REFERENCE SERIES

The reference series includes data

reports, preliminary research reports,

historical reports, and contractual

reports distributed mainly under

government contracts. There is no

mailing list for this series, though many

numbers are available from the

National Technical Information Service,

Operations Division, Springfield,

Virginia 22151 , by the AD number

listed. Other inquiries about the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Reference Series should be sent to:

University of California, San Diego

Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Publications

9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0233B La Jolla, California 92093-0233.

Reference numbers listed were issued

in 1992.

92-1 Buck, Eric. Research vessel handbook 1992 edi­tion. February 1992. 42p.

92-2 Werner, B. T. and E. Merino. A model for concavity formation in eolian sand grains. February 1992. 6p.

92-3 Coastal data information program - monthly report, january 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Deport­ment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 191 . February 1992. 170p.

92-4 Hammer, Philip Theodore Clemens. Seamount struc­ture from seismic tomography and gravity inversion. Marine Physical Laboratory. 1991 . 150p.

92-5 lmawaki, Shire;~, Peorn P. Niiler, judy D. llleman, · William G. Large and Teresa K. Chereskin. Trajec­tories of longline drifters in the eastern tropical Pa­cific in 1983-1986. February 1989. 27p.

92-6 Coastal data information program - monthly report, February 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Deport­ment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 192. March 1992. 176p.

92-7 Seymour, R. J. D. Castel andj. 0 . Thomas. Coastal data information program. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Cali­fornia Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Six­teenth Annual Report. january 1991 Through 0&­cember 1991 . Ocean Engineering Research Group. May 1992. 166p.

92-8 Walker, P. W., D. M. Newton and A. W. Mantyla. Surface water temperatures, salinities and densities at shore stations, United States West Coast, 1991 . Including fiVfffneter temperatures, salinities, and den­sities at Scripps Pier. Marine life Research Group. April 1992. 46p.

92-9 South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE). Chemi­cal, physical and CTD data report. Leg 1, 23 No­vember 1987 - 1 3 December 1 987; leg 2, 18 December 1987- 23 January 1988; Leg 3, 29 January 1988 -7 March 1988. R/V Knorr. Oceana­graphic Data Facility. (Also issued as ODF publica­lion no. 231.) April 1992. 729p.

s c I P P S INSTITUTION

92-10 South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE). Chemi­cal, physical and CTD data report. Leg 4, 7 Decem­ber 1988 - 15 January 1989; Leg 5, 23 January 1989 - 8 March 1 989. R/V Melville. Oceana­graphic Data Facility. (Also issued as ODF publica­lion no. 232 .) April1992. 625p.

92-11 Weiss, R. F., F. A. Van Woy and P. K. Salameh. Surface water and atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide observations by shipboard automated gos chromatography: results from expeditions be­tween 1977 and 1990. (Also issued as Office of Health and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division publication no. 3987; Oak Ridge Notional Laboratory Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division publication no. ORNL/CDIAC-59; and numeric data package no. NDP-044.) December 1992. 144p.

92-12 McCartney, MichaelS., lynne D. Talley and Mizuki Tsuchiya. Hydras, Leg 4. Physical, chemical and CTD data, 13 March - 19 April 1989. R/V Melville. Oceanographic Data Facility. (Also issued as ODF publication no. 233.) April 1992. 190p.

92-13 Coastal data information program - monthly report, March 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Deport­ment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary reportno. 193. April1992.183p.

92-14 O'Reilly, W. C., R. T. Guza, B. W. Waldorf, M . R. Kirk, W. A. Boyd and M. C. Clifton. Data report: Southern California wove experiment. Center for Coastal Studies. April 1992. 91 p.

92-15 Coastal data information program - monthly report, April 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Arrrry Corps of Engineers and the California Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary re­port no. 194. May 1992. 175p.

92·16 Physical, chemical and biological doto: CaiCOFI Cruise 9108, 24July- 9 August 1991; CoiCOFI Cruise9110, 28 September-140ctober 1991. June 1992. 97p.

92-17 Comuelle, Bruce D., Peter F. Worcester, john A. · Hildebrand, William S. Hodgkiss, Jr., Tim F. Dudo,

Bruce M. Howe, James A. Mercer and Robert C. Spindel. Vertical slice ocean acoustic tomography at 1QOO-km range in the North PaCific Ocean. June 1992. 4~p .

92-18 Chen, GeargeChio-Jen. VLF source localization with a freely drifting acoustic sensor array. Marine Physi­cal Laboratory. September 1992. 155p.

92-19 Coastal data information program - monthly report, May 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Arrrry Corps of Engineers and the California Deportment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary re­port no. 195.june 1992. 174p.

92-20 Physical, chemical and biological data: CoiCOFI Cruise 9202, 28 January - 13 February 1992; CalC OFI Cruise 9204, 13 - 30 April 1992. july 1992. 96p.

92-21 Coastal data information program - monthly report, June 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Arrrry Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary re­port no. 196. July 1 992. 17 4p.

92-22 Shields, J E., R. W. Johnson and M. E. Karr. An automated observing system for passive evaluation of cloud cover and visibility. Final report, September 1988-january 1992. Marine Physical Laboratory.) Also issued as Phillips Laboratory no. Pl-TR-92-2202.) july 1992. 38p.

92-23 Coastal data information program- monthly report, July 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary re­port no. 197. August 1992. 177p.

0 F OCEANOGRAPHY

61

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92-24 Coastal dolo information program -monthly report, August 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Deport­ment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 198. September 1992. 176p.

92-25 Canceled

92-26 Gutierrez de Velasco, Guillermo, Suzanne Shull Maddox, Paul j . Harvey and Nancy A. Bray. Gulf of /IAexico experiment, data report no. 1: August 1990 to July 1991 . fv\etearological, moored instnr ment, and sea level observations. Center for Coastal Studies. August 1992. 44p.

. 92-27 Flanigan, C~rollynn . A guide to the Henry William fv\enard papers ( 1938-1986). Manuscript Collec­tion 18. Archives of the Scripps Institution of Ocean­ography. October 1992. 69p.

92-28 Coastal data information program- monthly report, September 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 199. October 1992. 178p.

92-29 Osborne, John, Ja~s Swift and Edward P. Flinchem. OceanAtlas for Mocintosh0 . A microcomputer ap­plication for examining oceanographic data. Ver­sion 2.0. December 1992. 116p.

92-30 Sdater, john G . The development of plate tecton­ics: a personal perspective·. A reply to a series of questions from Professor H. Frankel. October 1992.

65p.

92-31 Coastal data information program - monthly report, October 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the California Depart­ment of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 200. November 1992. 171p.

92-32 Given, Holly K., jonathan Berger, jean-Francois Fels, David Horwitt and Christian Winther. The IRIS..3 high resolution data acquisition system. Institute of Geo­physics and Planetary Physics. December 1992. 63p.

92-33 Seymour, Richard J. and Samuel A. Massey. Im­proved fatigue life for moorings. Marine Research Division. December 1992. 22p.

92-34 Coastal data information program- monthly report, November 1992. A cooperative program by the U.S. Aimy Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. Monthly summary report no. 201 . December 1992. 179p.

92-35 Criqui, Nan P. Bibliography of the Scripps Institu­tion of Oceanography Reference Series . June 1993. 7p.

SEA GRANT PUBLICATIONS

The publ ications listed below unless

otherwise stated can be obtained

by writing to:

University of California, San Diego California Sea Grant College 9500 Gilman Drive Dept 0232 La Jolla, California 92093-0232.

Marine Extension .

Copies of Marine Extension publ ica­

tions can be obtained by writi ng to:

University of California, Davis Sea Grant Extension Davis, California 95616.

Leet, William, Christopher Dewees and Charles Haugen, Edi­tors. California living Marine Resources and Their Utiliza­tion . UCSGEP 92-12 . 1992. 257p.

Price , Robert, Pamela Tom and Gerald Pollock. Contaminantes de los Peces. (Contaminants in Fish.) Span­ish translation by Irene Tenney. UCSGEP 92-7. 1992. 2p. Revised .

Price, Robert and Pamela Tom. Environmental Conditions for Pathogenic Bacterial Growth. UCSGEP 92-1 0. 1992. 4p.

Price, Robert. Sanitizers for Food Plants. UCSGEP 92-9. 1992. 4p.

Price, Robert, Kenneth Hansgen and Gregg Langlois. Natu­ral Marine Toxins. UCSGEP 93-2 . 1993. 2p. Revised.

Price, Robert. Spiced and Pickled Seafood. UCSGEP 93-3 . 1993. 2p. Revised .

Price, Robert. Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manu­facturing, Pocking or Holding Human Food. UCSGEP 93-4A. 1993. 8p.

Price, Robert. FDA Fish list: Market Names of Fish. (First

edition titled, 'Menu and Advertising Guidelines.') UCSGEP 93-4B. 1993. 49p. Revised .

Sea Grant Extension Program. Seafood Training Videos. UCSGEP 93-1 1993. 2p. Third Revision .

Tom, Pamela and Robert Price. Vacuum Packages and Retort Pouches for Smoked Seafood . UCSGEP 92-5. 1992. 2p.

Tom, Pamela and Robert Price. Training and fv\erchandising ResourcesforSeofoodRetoilers. UCSGEP93-5. 1993. 14p.

Reference Series

California Seo Grant College. California Seo Grant Bien­nial Report of Completed Projects, 1988-1990. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP.033. 1992. 252p.

California Seo Grant College. Seo Grant in California: Pro­moting Coastal Ocean Science and Education. A Report to the Resources Agency Seo Grant Adxisory Panel. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP.034. 1993. 75p.

California Seo Grant College. California Seo Grant Program Directory. 1993-94. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP-035. 1993. 24p., 9 photographs.

California Seo Grant College. Seo Grant in California : Pro­moting Coastal Ocean Science and Education. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP.036. 1993. 48p., 7 photographs.

California Seo Grant College. Directory of Academic Ma­rine Programs in California . Third Edition. Seo Grant Report Number R.CSGCP.037. 1993. 81 p., 7 photographs.

Technical Series

Simpson , Jamesj. Remote Sensing and Geographic Informa­tion Systems: Implications for Global Morine Fisheries. Sea Grant Report Number: T.CSGCP.025 . 1992. 28p.

Williams, S. l. andj. B. Zedler. Restoring Sustainable Coastal Ecosystems on the Pacific Coast: Establishing a Research Agenda. Summary of a Workshop Sponsored by the Califor­nia Seo Grant College at the Meeting of the Estuarine Re­search Federation, San Francisco, November 1991 . Seo Grant Report Number T.CSGCP.026. 1992. 19p.

Williams, S. l. , Editor. Kelp Bed Resources of the California Coast: Establishing a Research Agenda. Summary of a Workshop Sponsored by the California Seo Grant College, Moy 27, 1992, La Jolla, California. Seo Grant Report Num­ber KSGCP.027. 1992. 15p.

Dewees, Christopher, Coordinator. The Management and En­hancement of Seo Urchins and Other Kelp Bed Resources: A Pacific Rim Perspective. A Collection of Unedited Papers from a Conference Sponsored by the California Seo Grant College, March 19-21, 1992, Bodega Boy, California. Seo Grant Report Number T.CSGCP.028. 1992. 120p.

Dewees, C. and l. T. Davies, Editors. Seo Urchins, Abalone, and Kelp: Their Biology Enhancement, and Management. Summary of an International Conference Sponsored by the California Seo Grant College and the California Seo Urchin Industry Advisory CommiHee, Held March 19-21, 1992, Bodega Boy, California. Seo Grant Report Number T.CSGCP-029. 1992. 54p.

Price, Robert j ., Pamela D. Tom and Kenneth E. Stevenson. Ensuring Food Safety-The HACCP Way. An Introduction to HACCP and a Resource Guide for Retail Deli Managers. Seo Grant Report Number T.CSGCP.030. 1993. 40p.

REGENTS Ex OFFICIO

Governor of California Pete Wilson

lieutenant Governor of California leo T. McCarthy

Speaker of the Assembly Willie l. Brown, Jr.

State Superintendent of Public Instruction Vacant

President of the Alumni Association of the University of California Robert E. Murphy

Vice President of the Alumni Association of the University of California Roy Shults

President of the University J. W. Peltason

APPOINTED REGENTS

William T. Bagley Roy T. Brophy Clair W. Burgener Glenn Campbell Frank W. Clark, Jr. Ward Connerly john Davies Tirso del Junco Alice Gonzales S. Sue johnson Meredith Khachigian leo S. Kolligian Howard leach lester H. lee S. Stephen Nakashima Dean A. Watkins Harold M. Williams jacques S. Yeager

STUDENT REGENT

Darby Morrisroe

REGENTS· DESIGNATE

David Flinn Peter Preuss

fACULTY REPRESENTATIVES

Arnold Binder Daniel Simmons

OFFICERS OF THE REGENTS

President, Pete Wilson Chairman of the Boord, Howard leach Vice Chairman of the Boord, Harold Williams General Counsel, James E. Holst Secretory, Bonnie M. Smotony Treasurer, Herbert M. Gordon

CHANCELLORS

Berkeley, Chang-lin Tien Davis, Theodore l. Hullar Irvine, laurel Wilkening los Angeles, Charles E. Young Riverside, Raymond Orbach San Diego, Richard C. Atkinson San Francisco, joseph Martin Santa Barbara, Barbara S. Uehling Santa Cruz, Karl Pister

OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

President, j. W. Peltason Provost and Senior Vice President­

Academic Affairs, Walter E. Mossey Senior Vice President-Business and Finance,

V. Wayne Kennedy Vice President-Agriculture and

Natural Resources, Kenneth R. Farrell Vice President-University and External Relations,

William B. Baker Vice President-Health Affairs,

Cornelius l. Hopper

OFFICERS EMERITI

President of the University, Emeritus; and Professor of Business Administration, Emeritus

Clark Kerr President of the University, Emeritus; and Professor of Economics, Emeritus

Charles J. Hitch President of the University, Emeritus; and Professor of Physics, Emeritus

Cklvid S. Saxon Vice President of the University, Emeritus; Professor of Agricultural Economics, Emeritus; and Agricultural Economist, Emeritus ·

Harry R. Wellman

SCRIPPS I NSTITUTION

University Provost, Emeritus; Chancellor at Santo Cruz, Emeritus; an·d Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus

Angus E. Taylor Vice President-Financial and Business Management, Emeritus; and Professor of Pathology, Emeritus

Baldwin G. Lamson Vice President-Budget Plans and Relations, Emeritus

Thomas E. jenkins Vice President-Physical Planning and Construction, Emeritus

Elmo R. Morgan Assistant President, Emeritus

Dorothy E. Everett University Auditor, Emeritus

Norman H. Gross Secretory of the Regents, Emeritus

Marjorie J. Woolman Associate Secretory of the Regents, Emeritus

Elizabeth 0 . Hansen Treasurer of the Regents, Emeritus

Owsley B. Hammond General Counsel of the Regents, Emeritus

Thomosj . Cunn ingham Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Animal Science, Emeritus

James H. Meyer Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Biology

Robert L. Sinsheimer Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Statistics, Emeritus

Albert H. Bowker Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Political Science, Emeritus

Ivan H. Hinderoker Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Comparative Government, Emeritus

Dean E. McHenry Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of law, Emeritus

Ira Michael Heyman Chancellor Emeritus; and Professor of Anatomy, Emeritus

Franklin Murphy

0 F OCEA~OG R APHY

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BUTLER KING COUPER, JR.

June 1993 Butler K. Couper, Jr. received an M .S. degree at Scripps in 1948 and worked for the U.S. Navy, Bureau of Ships.

FRANK G. 'Bos' FISH

April 1993 Bob Fish was a senior chief engineer at Scripps. He joined Scripps as an oiler in 1961 and rose rapidly to his position as senior chief engineer. Fish was instrumental in planning the 1989-92 refit of R/V Melville . .

FRANK HUBENKA

April1993 Fronk Hubenka started work as a shipboard electronics technician at Scripps in 1965. He joined the Shipboard Geophysical Group in 1969 and remained there until his retirement in 1986.

FINN WAU<ER OUTLER

October 1992 In 1943, Finn W. Outler joined the support staH of UC Division of War Research. Carl Eckart brought him to Scripps in 1946 to work as Technical Superintendent for the Morine Physical laboratory IMPLI. Outler worked at MPL and Marine Facilities until his retirement

in 1968.