Scientific Management (2)

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SCIENTIFIC

MANAGEMENT

MADE BY:Bhavya Gupta, Parul

Sharma,

Nitin Arya, Chirag Makker

MBA 1st sem11

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F.W.TAYLOR

Frederick Winslow Taylor devised asystem he called scientificmanagement, a form of industrialengineering that established theorganization of work as in Ford'sassembly line. This discipline, along

with the industrial psychologyestablished by others at the HawthorneWorks of Western Electric in the 1920s,moved management theory from earlytime-and-motion studies to the latesttotal quality control ideas.

Taylor, born in Philadelphia, preparedfor college at Philips Academy inExeter, N.H., and was accepted atHarvard. His eyesight failed and hebecame an industrial apprentice in the

depression of 1873. 224/25/12


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Click to edit Master subtitle style

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Scientific ManagementScientific Management also called

TAYLORISM ,was a theory of management that

analyzed and synthesized workflow. Its mainobjective was improving economic efficiency,especially Labour productivity.It was one of the earliest attempts to apply

science to the engineering of processes tomanagement. Its development began withFREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR in the 1880sand 1990s within the manufacturingindustries.

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Principles of Scientific

ManagementReplace rule-of-thumb work methods withmethods based on a scientific study of thetasks.

Scientifically select, train, and develop eachworker rather than passively leaving them totrain themselves.

Cooperate with the workers to ensure that thescientifically developed methods are beingfollowed.

Divide work nearly equally between managersand workers, so that the managers apply444/25/12


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FUNCTIONAL

FOREMANSHIP

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Taylor advocated functional foremanship

for achieving ultimate specification.This technique was developed to improvethe quality of work as single supervisormay not be an expert in all the aspects of

the work.Therefore workers are to be supervisedby specialist foreman.The scheme of functional foremanship is

an extension of principle of specializationat the supervisory level.Taylor advocated appointment of 8foramen,4 at the planning level & other 4

at implementation level . 664/25/12


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STANDARDISATION OF

WORK

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It implies the physical attitude of products shouldbe such that it meets the requirements & needs of

customers.

Taylor advocated that tools & equipments as wellas working conditions should be standardized toachieve standard output from workers.

Standardization is a means of achieving economicsof production.

It seems to ensure

v The line of product is restricted to predeterminedtype, form, design, size, weight, quality. Etc

vThere is manufacture of identical parts andcomponents.

v Quality & standards have been maintained.884/25/12


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TIME STUDY

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It is a technique which enables the manager

to ascertain standard time taken forperforming a specified job.

Every job or every part of it is studied indetail.

This technique is based on the study of anaverage worker having reasonable skill andability.

Average worker is selected and assigned thejob and then with the help of a stop watch,time is ascertained for performing thatparticular job.

Taylor maintained that Fair days work should10104/25/12


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MOTION STUDY

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In this study, movement of body andlimbs required to perform a job are

closely observed.

In other words, it refers to the studyof movement of an operator on

machine involved in a particular task.

The purpose of motion study is toeliminate useless motions anddetermine the bet way of doing the

job.

By undertaking motion study anattem t is made to know whether12124/25/12


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DIFFRENTIAL PIECE

WAGE SYSTEM

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This tech of wage payment is based on efficiency

of worker.The efficient workers are paid more wages than

inefficient one.

On the other hand, those workers who produce lessthan standard no. of pieces are paid wages atlower rate than prevailing rate i.e. worker ispenalized for his inefficiency.

This system is a source of incentive to workers who

improving their efficiency in order to get morewages.

It also encourages inefficient workers to improvetheir performance and achieve their standards.

It leads to mass roduction which minimizes cost14144/25/12


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FATIGUE STUDY

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The fatigue study determines the amount

and frequency of rest required for theemployees in their working environment

A person is bound to fell tired physically as well asmentally if he does not rest while working .

The rest interval will help one to regain stamina so thatthey can work again with the same capacity .

If the worker will be allowed to rest than he will work

more efficiently and thus result in increase productivity.

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OTHER TECHNIQUESVarious other techniques have beendeveloped to create ordeal relationshipbetween management and workers and also

to create better understanding on part ofworks.

Those includes use of instruction cards, strictrules & regulations, graphs, slides, charts etc,so as to increase efficiency of workers.

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Scientific Management (2)