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Scientific Investigation
Give 2 example where we would use scientific
investigation in the real world?
A test of your observation skills…
Observations & Inferences
ObservationsObservationsWrite 2 examples from this classroom: 1.2. Use one or more of the 5 senses to gather
information
FACTS!!!...note and record
In science, observations should never be emotional.
InferencesInferencesList 2 inferences in the classroom1.2.
Logical interpretation based upon prior knowledge and experience
Based upon observations
Note the Differences
• In laboratory exercises, record observations NOT inferences
• Inferences may be used when writing the conclusion in your lab report
Let’s test your observation skills…
Take a good look at this picture
Question 1
What's the speed limit?
Question 2
Are there any pedestrians on the road?
Question 3
What color is the pickup truck driving in the road?
Answers
1. Speed Limit 35
2. No Pedestrians
3. Truck is blue
1. There is a representation of a face on one side of the coin.
2. The Latin word "Dei" means "God."
3. The coin was made by deeply religious people.
4. The date 1722 is printed on one side of the coin.
5. The coin was made in 1722.
Do Now
What is an observation you can’t “see” (check your notes on observations)
Find 3 Differences..
Find 3 Differences..
Does the square have curved sides?
Where are those dots coming from?!
Your Your brainbrain!!
These circles are not moving, your brain is making them appear to move. Try focusing
on one circle. It will stop moving.
Are these dots moving?
What is a Hypothesis?
Possible explanation for an observation or scientific problem that can be tested
Can you test those?
Think of some examples…
How to write a Hypothesis How does this sound?
Bacterial growth may be affected by temperature.
How can you test that?
If temperature is increased then bacterial growth will increase
If….then Write this question so that it is testable:
Does spending more time on Homework increase your chances of getting an ‘A’ in Biology?
If I spend 1 hour each night doing homework then I will get an “A” in biology.
If…then
If winds reach over 74 MPH then a storm is considered a hurricane.
Pompton Lakes, NJ Hurricane Irene? Tropical Storm Irene?
Data Arnoldii Rafflesia- Largest flower in the world
Qualitative •Red •Spots •Smells like rotting meat •Fleshy texture
Quantitative •1 meter or about 3 feet •9 kg or 20 lbs •Flowering lasts for 5-7 days
Qualitative Quantitative Data
Qualitative → Quality
•Deals with descriptions.•Data can be observed but not measured.•Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc.
Quantitative → Quantity
•Deals with numbers.•Data which can be measured.•Length, height, area, weight, speed, time, temperature, cost, members, ages, etc.
Presenting Data Table vs. Graph
Why do you think information is often presented in graphs instead of just in a list or table?
What are some kinds of graphs?
• Bar graph • Line graph • Pie chart
Visual representations to display a relationship not apparent in data tables
Bar Graph
What’s your favorite TV show?
When would you use a bar graph?
- Categories - Changes over time
What is the best way to present this data?
’04 1
’05 5.5
’06 12
’07 50
’08 100
’09 300
‘10 550
‘11 700
Number of Facebook users in Millions
Line Graph
Line Graphs
Which should you use more in science?
Where do we see line graphs?
Data
Energy in New Jersey 51% Nuclear
33% Natural Gas
14% Coal
2% Renewable ( Solar/Wind/ Hydroelectric)
1% Oil
Pie Chart
How to represent this data?