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SOL Review: Scientific
Investigation
The Science 8 SOL Test
5 Categories Scientific Investigation Earth & Space Systems Life Systems Ecosystems Force, Motion, Energy, &
Matter
The Breakdown
50 Total Questions11 Scientific Investigations Questions6 Earth & Space Systems Questions7 Life Systems Questions8 Ecosystems Questions18 Force, Motion, Energy, & Matter Questions
Graphically Speaking…
The Plan
Monday TuesdayWednesd
ayThursday Friday
Scientific Investigation
Earth & Space Systems
Life Systems Ecosystems
Force, Motion, Energy, & Matter
THE Book
Compilation of all released SOL questions based on topics
What that means for you…Everything that we will be reviewing is relevant and VERY likely going to be on this SOL test
What I need from YOU!
Attendance
Attention
Effort
Cooperation
Strong Positive Attitude
…with this, you’ll have SUCCESS!
SI Metric UnitsWhat are the metric units for the following (may be more than 1):
Volume
Density
Mass
Temperature
milliliter, liter grams/milliliterkilograms/cubic metergrams/cubic centimeter
milligrams, grams, kilogramsDegree Celsius
Metric Instruments
What instrument do we use to measure…
Mass
Volume
Length
Time
Temperature
Triple-beam balance Graduated Cylinder
Ruler
Stopwatch
Thermometer
What is the length of the line?
1.4 cm
What is the volume?
52.8 mL
What is the mass?
100
300
0.5
130.52 grams
What is the mass?
545.2 grams
Scale Models1 cm = 50 meters
According to the scale shown above, what is the length of the orange box?
1 cm = 50 meters4.5 cm = 225 meters
Scientific Notation
Write each number in Scientific Notation:
0.07882
0.00000272338
118000
87200
7.882 x 10-2
2.72338 x 10-6
1.18 x 105
8.72 x 104
Scientific Notation
Move the decimal to a place where the number is between 1 and 10.
The exponent is the number of places that you move the decimal.
If the exponent is negative, it’s a little tiny number.
If the exponent is positive, it’s a very large number.
Standard Format
Write each number in Standard Format:
3.443 x 10-7
1.525 x 106
0.0000003443
1,525,000
Range
3.7 4.6 7.3 0.2 4.6What is the range for the data above?Range = largest number – smallest numberRange = 7.3 – 0.2
Range = 7.1
Reading a Bar Graph
According to this graph, what month was the deadliest?
July
Interpreting a Graph
Which graph below shows the most probable effect of environmental pollution on the chances of human survival?
A) In 1939 a greater percentage of energy was obtained from hydroelectric dams than in 1989.
B) Fossil fuels made up a greater percentage of total energy use in 1939 than in 1989.
C) Coal represented a larger percentage of the total energy use in 1989 than in 1939.
D) The percentage of natural gas used has decreased over time.
Which is
true?
Which battery lasted the longest? The shortest?
The Longest = Energizer
The Shortest = Panasonic
Based on the graph below, on day 11, how many pages do you think Sue will have read in her book?
Number of Days
Num
ber
of
Pag
es
Read
55 Pages
Given this incomplete data table, describe the procedure you would carry out for this experiment.
The chart shows results of a plant fertilizer experiment. Which group of plants showed the greatest gain in height?
Group Group Size
Brand of Fertilizer
Average Height Before Using
Fertilizer (cm)
Average Height 2
Weeks After Using Plant Light (cm)
1 25 A 5.4 29.02 25 B 5.3 27.03 25 C 5.2 28.04 25 D 5.5 25.5
Classifying Organisms
1. Wings covered by an exoskeleton …………..…go to step 2 Wings not covered by an exoskeleton ……..….go to step 3
2. Body has a round shape ……………………....…….ladybug Body has an elongated shape ……………..….grasshopper
3. Wings point out from the side of the body ……….dragonfly Wings point to the posterior of the body ………….housefly
Ladybug Grasshopper DragonflyHousefly
Experimental Design
Two companies make baseballs, and each claims its ball goes farther. Which would be the best scientific evidence to decide which ball goes farther?A) A base ball player hits each ball, and one measures how far each goes.B) A machine hits each ball with exactly the same force, and one measures how far each goes.C) One reads results of tests conducted on the two balls by each company.D) One sets up a survey and asks 500 baseball players which ball goes farther.
Experimental Design
A gardener did an experiment to determine which of the three brands of fertilizer would produce the most growth in his plants. For three different plants of the same species, he used each of the three brands of fertilizer. Once a week, he made observations for each plant. Which would have improved the experiment?A. Using a different species of plant for each brand of fertilizer.B. Mixing the fertilizers.C. Making observations every two weeks.D. Testing each fertilizer with more than one plant.
Experimental Design
Robyn wants to find out if the rainfall in her town contains pollutants. The best way for Robyn to gather this information would be to collect ___.A. one sample on one rainy dayB. one sample a day on several rainy daysC. several separate samples on one rainy dayD. several separate samples on several rainy days
Experimental DesignHigh quality valid scientific experiments, should:
Have a high “n” value…which means you test a lot of subjects
Be repeatable and repeated…with the same conclusions
Have a control…although not every experiment lends itself to one
Have only one independent variable…keep everything else constant
For plant experiments, make sure you give all plants equal sunlight exposure and water…unless of course, your independent variable is to vary the amount of sunlight or water
Watch out for sketchy experiments…
Not enough subjects
Subjects were not similar
Conditions of experiment were not kept the same OR more than one independent variable.
The experiment was not reproducible.
No control group, when there should have been one!
Variables
o Independent Variable - something that is changed by the scientisto What is testedo What is manipulated
o Dependent Variable - something that might be affected by the change in the independent variableo What is observedo What is measuredo The data collected during the investigation
Constants vs. Control Constants = all the factors that are kept the same
throughout the whole experiment…this is everything except the independent variable Example: In a plant experiment to test 3
different fertilizer brands, the constants include: type of plant, amount of sunlight, amount of water, etc.
Control = the basis for comparison…not all experiments lend themselves to a control Example: In a plant experiment to test 3
different fertilizer brands, the control group would have no fertilizer applied at all
Identify Independent & Dependent Variables
Students of different ages were given the same jigsaw puzzle to put together. They were timed to see how long it took to finish the puzzle.Independent = Different Ages of ChildrenDependent = Time it takes to FinishWhat’s held constant in this experiment?the puzzle, the stopwatch, environment, etc.
Identify Independent & Dependent Variables
An investigation was done with an electromagnet made from a battery and wire wrapped around a nail. Different sizes of nails were used. The number of paper clips the electromagnet could pick up was measured.Independent = Size of the Nail
Dependent = Number of Paper Clips Picked UpWhat’s held constant in this experiment?Battery, Wire, Type of Nail, etc…
Independent & Dependent Variable
The temperature of water was measured at different depths of a pond.
Independent = Depth of Water
Dependent = Temperature of Water
What’s held constant in this experiment?Thermometer, Time of Day, etc.
Scientific Resources
If the question asks about “which resource is best for…” Look for key words like “current”
think Internet Most “accurate” or “effective”
think government report/website or scientific journal
Use common sense & just make sure it sounds legitimate