PMR SCIENCE PMR SCIENCE Form 2Form 2

REFERENCE REVIEW

QUESTION

SIGN OUT

Variety of Living Variety of Living ThingThing

After learn this topic, the student should be able to:

Explain the variety of living things

Classification the variety of living things

1. A habitat is the natural place where a living thing lives1. A habitat is the natural place where a living thing lives2. Different animals and plants live in different habitat2. Different animals and plants live in different habitat

Animal Habitat

snake bushes

bird tree

amoeba pond

termite wood

whale sea

camel desert

Habitat of living things

Plant Habitat

cactus desert

mushroom wood

durian tree orchard

coconut tree seashore

duckweed pond

lotus lake

Animals Plants

Habitat of living thing

Classification of animals Classification of animals based on common based on common

characteristicscharacteristics

•Eagle•Chicken•Sparrow•Rabbit•Cow•Tiger•Lizard•Snake

•Jellyfish•Prawn•Crab•Squid•Whale•Dolphin•Eel•Pomfret

•Crocodile•Frog•Turtle•Tortoise

Classification of animals

Habitat Breathing organs

Land Water Water and land Gills Lungs Moist skin

•Crab•Tadpole•Eel•Prawn•Pomfret•Seahorse

•Elephant•Horse•Cow•Penguin•Chicken•Snake•Frog•Human

•Frog•Toad

Classification of plants based on Classification of plants based on common characteristicscommon characteristics

•Jackfruit tree•Balsam plant•Grass•Lallang

•Lotus plant•Duckweed•Water hyacinth•Spirogyra

•Mango tree•Durian tree•Rambutan tree

•Yam plant•Balsam plant•Lallang•Maize plant

Classification of plants

Habitat Type of stem Method of reproduction

Land Water Hard Soft Seed Spores

•Guava tree•Rambutan tree•Durian tree•Coconut tree

•Fern•Moss•Fungus•Bread mould•mushroom

Plants

Flowering plants

Plants that produce flowers for reprodution.

Non-flowering plants

Plants that do not produce flowers. Instead reproduce by forming spores or cones

• Monocotyledon

• e.g: Lallang plant

Constructing a system of classificationConstructing a system of classification

1. A dichotomous key of identification is used to classify organism.

2. Pairs of opposite characteristics are used in the identification key.

3. At each instance, a pair of opposite characteristics are used.

4. The identification key is constructed following two ways to identify the following animals.

garden snail snake eagle

bee bat cat

FlowFlow chartchartGroup of animals

With wings Without wings

Segmentedbody(Bee)

Unsegmentedbody

With legs(Cat)

No legs

Feathers(Eagle)

No feathers(Bat)

Hard shell(Garden snail)

No shell(Snake)

Using statementUsing statement

1. With wings………………………………………………………………… see (2)Without wings…………………………………………………………… see (3)

2. Segmented body……………………………………………………… Bee Unsegmented body…………………………………………………… see (4)

3. With legs…………………………………………………………………… CatNo legs………………………………………………………………………… see (5)

4. With feathers…………………………………………………………… EagleNo feathers……………………………………………………………… Bat

5. Has hard shell………………………………………………………… SnailNo shell……………………………………………………………………… Snake

System of classification of System of classification of animalsanimals

Animal can be classified into two group

Invertebrates Vertebrates

VertebratesVertebrates

1. Vertebrates are animals with backbones.2. Warm blooded vertebrates

(homoiothermic) have fixed body temperatures. Cold blooded vertebrates (poikilothermic) have body temperatures, that change according to the temperature of their surroundings.

3. Vertebrates can be divided into five main groups, which are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

VertebratesVertebrates

Vertebrates

Fish

Amphibians ReptilesMammals

Birds

Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of mammalsexamples of mammals

Class of vertebrate

Characteristics Examples of animals

Habitat Type of blood

Body Breathing organ

Reproduction

Type of reproduction

Mammals Land Warm blooded

•Covered with fur or hair•Have external ears•Have mammary (milk) glands (produce milk for the young)

Lungs Give birth to young

Internal fertilisation

•Rabbit•Cat•Goat

Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of amphibiansexamples of amphibians

Class of vertebrate

Characteristics Examples of animalsHabitat Type

of blood

Body Breathing organ

Reproduction

Type of reproduction

Amphibians

Water and land

Cold blooded

Covered by moist skin

•Gills (tadpole stage)•Lungs (adult stage)•Skin (adult stage)

•Lay eggs•Eggs have no shell

External fertilisation

•Toad •Frog

Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of reptilesexamples of reptiles

Class of vertebrate

Characteristics Examples of animals

Habitat

Type of blood

Body Breathing organ

Reproduction

Type of reproduction

Reptiles Water and land

Cold blooded

Covered with dry scales

Lungs •Lay eggs•Eggs have shells (rattle snakes gives birth to young)

Internal fertilisation

•Snakes•crocodile

Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of birdsexamples of birds

Class of vertebrate

Characteristics Examples of animals

Habitat

Type of blood

Body Breathing organ

Reproduction

Type of reproduction

Birds Land Warm blooded

•Covered with feathers•Have beaks•Legs covered with dry scales

Lungs •Lay eggs•Egg have shell

Internalfertilisation

•Bird•Chicken

Characteristics and Characteristics and examples of fishexamples of fish

Class of vertebrate

Characteristics Examples of animalsHabita

tType of blood

Body Breathing organ

Reproduction

Type of reproduction

Fish Water Cold blooded

Covered with slimy scales

Gills Lay eggs (sharks give birth to young)

External fertilisation

•Fish

Unusual characteristics of Unusual characteristics of some mammalssome mammals

1. Bats – have wings and fly like birds.2. Whales and dolphins – live in water

like fish.3. Anteaters – lay eggs, have dry scales

on their bodies like reptiles. 4. Platypus – lay eggs and have beaks

like ducks.

InvertebratesInvertebrates

1. Invertebrates are animals which do not have backbones.

2. Invertebrates make up the most number of animals in the world.

3. Most invertebrates live in water.

4. Some invertebrates have a hard external skeleton for protection like the crab and the beetle.

5. Some invertebrates have soft bodies using their body fluids for support like in earthworms and leaches.

ReviewReview

1. Habitat is a place where an organism lives.

2. Living things are classified as animals and plant and then into classes based on their common characteristics.

3. Animal are classified as invertebrates and vertebrates.

4. Invertebrates are animals without backbones and make up a large number of the living things found on Earth.

5. Vertebrates are animals with backbones and are divided into five classes, i.e. fish, mammals, reptiles, birds and amphibians.

Pmr focus practicePmr focus practiceEach question is followed by four options. Choose the best answer for each question

1. The table below shows organisms and their habitats. Which of the following is true ?

Organism Habitat Snake Lake Cactus plant Desert Shark Pond Lotus Garden

2.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the list of animals shown above ?

Breathes through gills Support by body fluids Does not have a

backbone Lives in water

• centipede• prawn• moth

B.

A.

C.

D.

C.

D.

B.

A.

3. Dolphins caught in the nets of fishermen will die because dolphins………

Breathe through their

lungs Have moist skin Are big in size Will die of starvation

Which of the following is a common characteristic among all the vertebrates listed above?

Cold blooded Lay eggs Internal fertilisation Body covered by slimy scales

A.

B.C.D.

Frog Shark Crocodile

A.

B.C.D.

4

5. Table shows the habitats of various organisms. Which of the following habitats do X, Y and Z represent ?

X Y Z

Pond Sea Tree

Tree Pond Sea Swamp Sea

Pond Tree Bushes Soil

6. Figure shows the classification of vertebrates. Which of the following characteristics differentiates the animal in class X and Y ?

Method of fertilisation

Type of breathing organ Control of body temperature The way of giving birth

Habitat

Organism

X Bracket fungus

Y Duckweed

Z Starfish

B.

C.D.

A.

Vertebrates

Amphibians Mammals Fish

X Y

C.

A.B.

D.

7. Which of the following groups of animal are made up of vertebrates only ?

Chicken, penguin, fish

Scorpion, housefly, tortoise Lizard, housefly, mosquito Spider, centipede, crab

8. Figure shows a graph of the body temperature of an animal set against the temperature of its surroundings. Which of the following is the

animal ? Bat Toad Monitor lizard Eel

Body temperature

Temperature of surroundings

B.

C.

D.

A.

A.

B.C.D.

Summary of InstructionsA

I,II,IIIB

I,II onlyC

II,III onlyD

I only

9. Which of the following are the common characteristics of an eel and a toad ?

I Breathes through their gills II Cold blooded III Carries out external fertilisation

10. Which of the following are the characteristics of the list of animals shown above ?

I Do not have backbones II Have an external hard shell III Carries out external fertilisation

• Millepede • Scorpion• Cockroach

A. B. D.

A. B. C. D.

C.