Science, Alchemy, Astronomy, and the Ancients

8/14/2019 Science, Alchemy, Astronomy, and the Ancients

1/25


2/25


3/25

Y~adokaWea{a o~a dl~ {el~w {wl~ba{ B s~lwa web{ rao~& >995& no{ag ylm `r

{kbamwbdbk gb{klta~ba{ weow eota naam gataflyag {bmka >994 Wear

o~a gboflca{ nawsaam wea {kbamka{ omg `l~a `r{wbkof n~omkea{ ld

bmta{wbcowblm& ofkea`r& omg o{w~lflcr Bm wea `bggfa c~lmg

nawsaam `r{wbkb{` omg ~ao{lm& {ak~aw{ onlw mow~a o~a ~ataofag


4/25

Wea _a{wblm


5/25

O [kbamwb{w eog nbfw o ~lnlw bm wea bòca ld eòm{ omg

glsmflogag wl bw off ld eòm jmlsfagca& weam yw dl~so~g wea

qa{wblm wl l~ ~lnlw& seow b{ wea na{w sa& eòmbwr& kom gl wl

{~tbta sbwe om ao~we ld fb`bwag ~a{l~ka{ omg o {bwowblm sea~a

lwea~ sl~fg{ fbja ao~we& bd wear aub{w& slfg woja cama~owblm{ wl~aoke

Wea ~lnlw nacom eb{ om{sa~& B klmwamg weow wea {a~ba{ ld atamw{

weow mdlfgag lm ao~we lta~ wea rao~{ {bmka wea eafbokof ~b{bmc ld

[b~b{ dl~ [lwebk krkfa{ ocl bm Acryw ld 7>7> NK& wea y~a{àg

nacbmmbmc ld wea Acrywbom kofamgo~& sa~a off àomw wl na& o{ wea

klmkaywblm ld wea yl{{bnbfbwr ld `r aub{wamka b{ bm yeo{a sbwe wel{a

krkfa{ omg b{ klmmakwag wl {ke klm{womw{ ld mow~a o{ wea {yaag ldfbcew omg grmo`bk ~owbl{ fbja wea clfgam ~owbl klmhcowa

Wea {kbamwb{w o{jag& O~a rl {orbmc eòm{& off eòm{ {bmka

{là {bu wel{omg rao~{ ocl eota naam o wllf ld {là ebcea~ dl~ka

wl n~bmc rl onlw& l~ okwblm{ nlmg wl wea w~mbmc ld yfomaw{

ylm weab~ oub{& omg wea {w~kw~a ld mow~a7> NK seam wea eafbokof ~b{bmc ld [b~b{& wea

n~bcewa{w {wo~ bm wea {jr& klbmkbgag sbwe wea oc~bkfw~offr

namadbkbof bmmgowblm ld wea Mbfa ~bta~ sebke eoyyam{ ata~r ?&749

Hfbom rao~{& bm wea [lwebk Krkfa

@r l~bcbm{ cl nokj wl wea dl~òwblm ld {wo~{ omg wea fos{ weow

clta~m wea`

O{ rl jmls& wea afaàmw{ sa~a òga nr {wo~{& eaotba~ afaàmw{

dl~cag bm weab~ bmwa~bl~ d~l` fbcewa~ afaàmw{ Eafb` cota ~b{a wl

lurcam omg mbw~lcam& omg {l dl~we Atamwoffr wea {wo~{ òga

{bfbklm& yel{yel~{& omg nl~lm& sebke offls dl~ bmwac~owag

kb~kbw~r& wea no{b{ ld sebke òja{ à dmkwblm


6/25

Yl{bwbta wrya {bfbklm b{ òga nr glybmc {bfbklm& wea òbm afaàmw

ld {omg& sbwe wea afaàmw nl~lm Macowbta wrya {bfbklm b{ òga nr

glybmc {bfbklm sbwe yel{yel~{ Sa hlbm wea wsl wrya{ bm gbdda~amw

sor{ wl òja gblga{ omg w~om{b{wl~{ weow sa dl~` lm {bfbklm keby{

wl òja wea {òff kb~kbw~r weow òja{ à dmkwblm

H{w o{ wea clfgam ~owbl b{ bm wea ~lwowblm ld faota{ onlw wea {wa`

ld o yfomw& l~ bm wea eabcew ld o eòm kl`yo~ag wl wea gb{womka

d~l` wea {lfa{ ld weab~ daaw wl weab~ motaf& om auy~a{{blm ld bw b{ bm

`r kb~kbw~r

Sa woja wea calàw~bk àom ld wea `lfo~ ò{{ ld nl~lm omg

yel{yel~{& omg sa gbtbga weow ~a{fw nr wea `lfo~ ò{{ ld{bfbklm

Ea nacom s~bwbmc lm yoya~8

%",[b 0 %;923?95?",>592 0 941

Sa woja wea eo~`lmbk àom nawsaam wea `lfo~ ò{{a{ ld nl~lm

omg yel{yel~{ omg gbtbga weow nr wea `lfo~ ò{{ ld {bfbklm

>%;923"%?95?",%;923*?95?" 0 ?49>4

?49>4,[b 0 ?49>4,>592 0 913

Omg sa woja wea o~bweàwbk àom nawsaam wea{a wsl ~a{fw{

%941 * 913",> 094?

94? o~a wea db~{w wsl gbcbw{ bm wea clfgam ~owbl klmhcowa

Wea {kbamwb{w {obg& B mga~{womg rl~ ylbmw& nw rl ~ada~~ag wl wea

eafbokof ~b{bmc ld [b~b{


7/25

Wea ~lnlw om{sa~ag8 Ra{& nokj wl weow Wea ao~we l~nbw b{ mao~fr o

ya~dakw kb~kfa& {l sa kom {a k0>~ wl kofkfowa wea gb{womka wea

ao~we cla{ o~lmg wea {m bm o rao~ Wea ao~we l~nbwof ~ogb{ b{ lm

wea ota~oca ?721232A5 jbflàwa~{& {l

%>"%;?7"%?721232A5" 0 2;2A5 j`

Wea gb{womka fbcew w~otaf{ bm o rao~& lma ~atlfwblm ld wea ao~we

o~lmg wea {m b{ 274A?> jbflàwa~{

Wea clfgam ~owbl klmhcowa ld weow b{

omg ea s~lwa8

%94?5"%274A?> j`" 0 15A?> j`

Sa s~bwa wea aqowblm8

%2;2A5 j`,r~"%u" 0 15A?> j`

Web{ cbta{ wea u b{ 4&?33 rao~{

O{ B {obg& wea dl~we eafbokof ~b{bmc ld [b~b{& ocl bm wea [lwebk

Krkfa& seam wea Mbfa dfllgag& so{ 7>7> NK Ea s~lwa8

4&?33 rao~{ 7&>7> rao~{ 0 ?2;1 OG

Bm ?2;3 Ofom W~bmc ynfb{eag eb{ yoya~ dlmgbmc wea dbafg ld

o~wbdbkbof bmwaffbcamka& omg Wealgl{b{ Glnxeom{jr auyfobmag els

atlfwblm sl~j{ Wea{a wsl yoya~{ sa~a ynfb{eag o fbwwfa odwa~ wea

wbà wea ao~we eog w~otafag wea clfgam ~owbl klmhcowa ld o fbcew

rao~ {bmka l~ 7&>7> NK& bm bw{ hl~mar o~lmg wea {m Wea{a

yoya~{ o~a ow wea eao~w ld seow rl omg B o~a


8/25

Bd rl~ qa{wblm b{ {elfg ~lnlw{ ~ayfoka eòm{& webmj ld bw `l~a

o{ sa o~a wea mauw {way bm eòm atlfwblm& mlw o ~ayfokaàmw& sa

sa~a òga bm rl~ bòca& nw mlw wl ~aqb~a dllg l~ ob~& omg sa

kom sbwe{womg wa`ya~ow~a auw~aà{ Sa webmj omg eota oso~ama{{

ld l~ nabmc& omg sa kom òja wea flmc tlroca wl wea {wo~{ Bwslfg {aa` bw b{ y wl { wl dbc~a lw ser rl sa~a wea wllf{ wl

n~bmc { onlw& omg ser sa o~a om mdlfgbmc ld wea mbta~{a bm

sebke rl sa~a o {way bm eo~`lmr sbwe bw{ bmma~ sl~jbmc{ d~l` wea

dl~òwblm ld wea {wo~{& weab~ yl{bwblm{ omg oyyo~amw n~bcewma{{ omg

wea {ybmmbmc ld wea ao~we omg bw{ `lwblm o~lmg wea {m


9/25

Wea @aawbmc


10/25

^bkj Yowwa~{lm& c~aawag Hlem @l~~b{lm& Klà bm Hlem& {bw glsm

Ea klmwbmag& Nadl~a rl waff à seow rl eota clw& B slfg h{w

fbja wl ~a`bmg rl& web{ b{ o kfo{{bdbag y~lhakw Bd sl~g clw lw wea

clta~màmw so{ ~a{ao~kebmc mas oca omg >9?> sa slfg fl{a offk~agbnbfbwr& o{ `ke o{ sa& lm wea lwea~ eomg& eota wl woja

ata~rwebmc {a~bl{fr

Hlem om{sa~ag& B mga~{womg& bd web{ amgbmc ld o Mowbta Oà~bkom

kofamgo~ krkfa n~lcew onlw wea mas sl~fg wear kfob` wl na

kl`bmc& wea lma wea Mas Oca {yaoj{ ld o{ om afatowag klffakwbta

klm{kbl{ma{{& omg sa w~mag lw wl na bm wea go~j& bw klfg na

a`no~~o{{bmc

Hlem klmwbmag& Faw à caw lm sbwe bw B nacom sbwe Acryw Wea

Mas Oca `ltaàmw b{ wbag y bm web{ fomg& sebke eo{ ofsor{ eog o

c~aow `r{wbqa o{{lkbowag sbwe bw Sa woja wea {b`yfa{w

dmgoàmwof mbw& wea aqbfowa~of w~bomcfa Bw b{ lma ld wea we~aa

~acfo~ {eoya{ weow wa{{affowa Weow b{& aqof omcfag& aqof {bgag

{eoya{ weow kom wbfa o {~doka sbwelw faotbmc coy{ Wea lwea~ wsl

o~a wea {qo~a omg ~acfo~ eauoclm Bd sa g~os bm wea ofwbwga ld{ke o w~bomcfa& sa k~aowa omcfa{ lm abwea~ {bga ld bw ow wea oyau&

sebke o~a ld ào{~a ;9 gac~aa{ aoke Kob~l& Acryw omg wea C~aow

Yr~o`bg& dl~ off y~okwbkof y~yl{a{ o~a ow o fowbwga ld yf{ ;9

gac~aa{

^bkj flljag ow eb`& omg {obg& Cllg yfoka wl {wo~w Hlem Gbg bw cl

omrsea~a


11/25

^bkj om{sa~ag& C~aow& sa o~a mls {làsea~a bm wea Ml~wesa{w

Omrwebmc yakfbo~ wl weow ~acblm gac~aa{ D"& {l B n~lcew bm omlwea~

dokwl~& ow`l{yea~bk y~a{{~a [ao fataf eo{ wea ebcea{w ow`l{yea~bk

y~a{{~a& nako{a nabmc ow wea flsa{w ylbmw& wea~a b{ `l~a ob~ ybfag

y lm rl

Ea klmwbmag8 Bm kea`b{w~r òmr ~a{fw{ o~a cbtam dl~ ~aokwblm{

weow lkk~ ow {womgo~g wa`ya~ow~a omg y~a{{~a [womgo~g

wa`ya~ow~a b{ wea wa`ya~ow~a ow sebke sowa~ d~aaxa{& l~ naklà{

bka bm lwea~ sl~g{& omg& {womgo~g y~a{{~a b{ lma ow`l{yea~a& l~ wea

y~a{{~a weow lkk~{ ow {ao fataf

B mga~{womg Hlem& {l rl `ltag y wea L~aclm klo{w fbma mwbf

rl dlmg wea wlsm sea~a ;> gac~aa{ D lkk~~ag `l{w d~aqamwfr

Ra{ ^bkj& omg `r db~{w ca{{ so{ Wbffo`llj& L~aclm Dbmoffr B

samw o fbwwfa ml~we ld wea~a wl wea {òff db{ebmc wlsm ld Maeofa`&

omg nbmcl& o~lmg wea~a Bm weow o~ao wea ota~oca sbmwa~ fls b{ wea

d~aaxbmc wa`ya~ow~a ld sowa~


12/25

Hlem klmwbmag& Web{ jbmg ld webmjbmc clw à webmjbmc onlw lwea~

b`yl~womw wa`ya~ow~a{ B ota~ocag wea ml~òf eòm nlgr

wa`ya~ow~a ;3 gac~aa{ Kaf{b{& sbwe wea d~aaxbmc wa`ya~ow~a ld

sowa~& sebke o~a xa~l gac~aa{ Kaf{b{ Weow b{& dlmg wea yfoka

nawsaam wea wsl& sebke b{ {b`yfr ;3 gbtbgag nr >& sebke aqof{?51 gac~aa{ Kaf{b{ B nacom webmjbmc web{ o namadbkbof ota~oca

lta~ o rao~ dl~ c~lsbmc webmc{ Oc~bkfw~offr& lma ld wea c~aowa{w

y~lgka~{ ld& saff& y~lgka& b{ Ml~wea~m Kamw~of Kofbdl~mbo B

dbmoffr dlmg web{ ommof ota~oca wa`ya~ow~a wl aub{w bm âg Nfdd&

Kofbdl~mbo o~ao dl~ om ota~oca lta~ wea yo{w {atamwr rao~{& sebke b{

bm Ml~wea~m Kamw~of Kofbdl~mbo

^bkj h`yag bm& Cllg sl~j Hlem& off sa maag b{ o web~g ylbmw omgsa kom amkfl{a om o~ao sbwe o w~bomcfa

Hlem bmwa~~ywag& Weow b{ auokwfr seow B gbg Jmlsbmc wea {wowa

ln{a~towl~r& Ybma @lmwobm Ln{a~towl~r& b{ kfl{a{w wl wea kbwr

Namg& L~aclm& omg mlw do~ d~l` bw& B kel{a Namg Namg b{ mao~fr wea

fo{w kbwr bm L~aclm bd rl w~otaf ao{w d~l` wea toffar omg lta~ wea

Ko{koga `lmwobm ~omca omg eaog ao{w we~lce wea ebce ga{a~w

^bkj {obg& Bmwa~a{wbmc& seow gbg rl dbmg9?>


13/25

Hlem oggag& Omg wea~a o~a atam flgca{ wea~a& o~lmg wea foja


14/25

Wea

Klmta~{owblm


15/25

Wsl n~lwea~{& lma om ofkea`b{w wea lwea~ om o{w~lmlà~& àw dl~

fmke Wea sobwa~ {obg wl wea`& ^bcew web{ sor& o wonfa dl~ wsl

[rgmar& wea o{w~lmlà~& {obg Weomj rl& ôfye& wea ofkea`b{w

{obg wl [rgmar& Rl glmw `bmg bd B {bw nr wea sbmgls

[rgmar {obg& Mlw ow off& odwa~ off rl eota ofsor{ {obg B o` bm wea

go~j

ôfye om{sa~ag& Ra{& off ld weow ~ao{lm& omg {jaywbkb{`& faota{ ml

~ll` dl~ bmwbwblm

Wear nlwe {ow glsm

ôfye {obg& [rgmar& B eota naam sl~jbmc lm o mas y~lhakw omg

eota eog wl gl o fbwwfa o{w~lml`bkof ~a{ao~ke wl gatafly bw O{ rl

jmls& B mga~{womg wea y~bmkbyfa{ ld kea`b{w~r& o{ om ofkea`b{w&

nw wea gbdda~amka b{ B o` mlw glbmc {kbamka sbwe bw& nw o` clbmc

we~lce o y~lka{{ ld {yb~bwof gataflyàmw seam B `bu kea`bkof{&

rl lm wea lwea~ eomg gl auya~bàmw{ wl nbfg o nlgr ld

jmlsfagca weow `bcew na {ag wl {yyl~w o erylwea{b{ onlwmow~a

[rgmar om{sa~ag Ra{& omg o{ om o{w~lmlà~ B mga~{womg

kea`b{w~r& ser glmw rl o{ om ofkea`b{w& {wgr o{w~lflcr


16/25

ôfye yw wea qa{wblm wl eb`& Cofouba{ o~a klffakwblm{ ld {wo~{

weow dl~àg lw ld cbomw co{ kflg{& omg yfomaw{ o~a {yea~bkof

ò{{a{ weow dl~` o~lmg {wo~{ Wea {wo~{ o~a ta~r do~ oyo~w& omg weayfomaw{ l~nbw kfl{a bmwl wea {wo~{& wea {wo~{ o~a auw~aàfr do~ oyo~w&

nw wea {wo~{ omg weab~ yfomaw{ o~a mlw& b{ weow ~bcew?! lurcam Sa kom w~aow nlwe o{ gbowl`bk

`lfakfa{ Wea `lfo~ ò{{ ld mbw~lcam co{ %M>" b{ >%?79?" omgwea `lfo~ ò{{ ld lurcam co{ %L>" b{ >%?499" [l& %omg ea s~lwa

lm o moyjbm"8

Ao~we Ob~ 0 >Z%?499"%9>?" * %?79?"%935"P 0 >51314

Wea ò~wbom ow`l{yea~a b{ `l{wfr ko~nlm gblubga %KL>" Web{

cbta{8

KL> 0 %?>9?" * >%?499" 0 779?

Wea ota~oca l~nbwof gb{womka ld ò~{ d~l` wea {m kl`yo~ag wl

wea ota~oca l~nbwof gb{womka ld wea ao~we d~l` wea {m b{ ?1 omg

779? gbtbgag nr >51314 b{ ?1& l~ ;,> bm lwea~ sl~g{ B{ seow web{

{or{ b{ weow& wea ò~{-{m gb{womka b{ wl wea ao~we-{m gb{womka o{

ò~wbom ob~ b{ wl ao~we ob~

[rgmar {obg& Bmwa~a{wbmc& nw o fbwwfa `r{wbkof dl~ à

ôfye {obg& @orna bw sbff {lmg o fbwwfa fa{{ `r{wbkof bd B {els rl

`l~a

[rgmar {obg& Cl lm& B slfg fbja wl {aa bw

ôfye {obg& LJ& ea~a b{ seow B eota clw Wea ao~we ow`l{yea~a

so{ lmka `l{wfr ko~nlm gblubga %KL>" fbja wea ò~{ ow`l{yea~a b{

wlgor& mwbf yfomw fbda koà oflmc omg {wo~wag klmta~wbmc wea ko~nlm

gblubga bmwl lurcam& {bmc fbcew d~l` wea {m omg bm wea y~lka{{

òjbmc wea `l{w dmgoàmwof {co~& cfkl{a %sebke b{ ow wea

nlwwl` ld wea dllg keobm" O y~lka{{ koffag yelwl{rmwea{b{


19/25

[rgmar om{sa~ag& LJ& B o` ml nblflcb{w& nw bw {lmg{ cllg wl

à

ôfye klmwbmag& Saff cfkl{a b{ K4E?>L4& sebke cbta{ o `lfo~

ò{{ ld& %omg ea s~lwa lm wea moyjbm"8

K4E?>L4 0 4%?>9?" * ?>%?995" * 4%?499" 0 ?59?4

Omg sowa~ %E>L" klta~{ `l{w ld ao~we omg b{ a{{amwbof wl fbda& bw{

`lfo~ ò{{ b{8

E>L 0 >%?995" * %?499" 0 ?59?4

?59?4 gbtbgag nr ?59?4 b{ onlw ?9 omg wea ao~we b{ onlw ?9

wbà{ o{ ò{{bta o{ ò~{ Weow b{& cfkl{a b{ wl sowa~ o{ wea ao~we b{

wl ò~{

[rgmar {obg& B glmw jmls& wea~a eo{ wl na {là {l~w ld

auyfomowblm& wea dl~òwblm ld wea {lfo~ {r{wa` b{ kl`yfbkowag omg

ebcefr weal~awbkof Wea{a ~afowbta ò{{a{ {l~wbmc wea`{afta{ lw

fbja web{ `{w eota {làwebmc wl gl sbwe wea grmo`bk{ ldklmgam{owblm omg omcfo~ `làmw` Webmj ld o nkjaw ld {wlma{&

yannfa{& omg {omg nabmc {smc bm o kb~kfa nr o ~lya wbag wl wea

eomgfa Wea kamw~byawof dl~ka {amg{ wea `l~a ò{{bta {wlma{ wl wea

nlwwl` ld wea nkjaw& wea fbcewa~ {omg ~a{w{ lm wly& sbwe wea yannfa{

bm nawsaam

ôfye n~lja bm& L~ eòm ga{wbmr b{ wbag y bm wea {w~kw~a ld

mow~a


20/25

WEA

GB[KQ[[BLM


21/25

Eb D~omj& weomj{ dl~ òjbmc bw glsm ea~a& B ~aoffr oyy~akbowa rl

yffbmc osor d~l` rl~ sl~j ow wea ln{a~towl~r B o` {l cfog rl

klfg caw glsm ea~a {l qbkj& sa ~aoffr maag om o{w~lmlà~& omg B

webmj seow B o` clbmc wl {els rl sbff eota òga rl~ tb{bw

sl~wesebfa

D~omj o{jag& Seow gl rl eota Homa&199 wl ;999

rao~{ lfg Bw {aa`{ wl na o{w~lflcbkof& B elya rl n~lcew oflmc lma

ld rl~ eomgnllj{ ld o{w~lml`r omg o{w~lyer{bk{ sbwe rl fbja Bo{jag

D~omj {obg& Ra{ B gbg& kom B {aa wea òm{k~byw web{ rao~& dl~ wea namadbw ld weab~ fbda odwa~ web{ sl~fg

omg dl~ weab~ y~l{ya~bwr bm y~a{amw wbà{ Web{ bmtlfta{ {bmc `r

jmlsfagca ld wea eaotam{& o{ sa nafbata l~ ga{wbmba{ kom na ~aog

bm wea {wo~{& omg sa jmls wea {ao{lm{ o~a ~afowag wl wea yl{bwblm{ ld

wea {wo~{& {m& `llm omg yfomaw{

B eota wojam bw ylm `r{afd wl y~agbkw wea {bxa{ ld wea `llm omg

ao~we& weab~ {ayo~owblm& omg& l~{ sbwe wea {m& cbtam seow B nafbata

wear `{w na d~l` `r klmmakwblm sbwe gbtbma ga{bcm Weow b{ webmc{

`{w na o ka~wobm sor cbtam wea k~aowl~ slfg lmfr òja mow~a

okkl~gbmc wl weow& sebke b{ gbtbma


22/25

Om auo`yfa ld web{ b{ wea `llm kom ~b{a bm wea ao{w dff lma mbcew&

gb`bmb{e bm {bxa aoke mbcew ~b{bmc fowa~& mwbf bw gb{oyyao~{& omg

weam {wo~w{ c~lsbmc mwbf bw b{ dff ocobm& bm krkfa{ weow fo{w onlw

web~wr gor{ Lm wea lwea~ eomg o{ wea {ao{lm{ cl d~l` klfg& wl

so~à~& weam wl elw& omg kllfa~ ocobm omg nokj wl klfg& wea {m`lta{ ok~l{{ wea {jr d~l` {lwe wl ml~we& omg nokj wl {lwe ocobm&

bm o krkfa weow fo{w{ onlw ;41 gor{

Wea ;41-gor krkfa ld wea {m kl~~a{ylmg{ kfl{afr wl ?> ld wea ;9-

gor krkfa{ ld wea `llm Wsafta b{ wl `r yalyfa wea `l{w b`yl~womw

m`na~& bw b{ > {bu wbà{& ; dl~ wbà{

B mls nacbm `r y~agbkwblm ld wea `llm& ao~we omg {m Wear o~a{yea~a{ sel{a gb{womka d~l` weab~ kamwa~{ wl agca{ sbff na

klm{bga~ag& ow fao{w bm wea ko{a ld ao~we omg `llm Wea `l{w gbtbma

auy~a{{blm weow kom na dl~àg b{ o y~lyl~wblm& sea~a o y~lyl~wblm

b{ wea {wowaàmw weow lma qomwbwr b{ wl o {aklmg qomwbwr o{ o web~g

qomwbwr b{ wl o dl~we

B sbff wea~adl~a {or wea ao~we ~ogb{ b{ wl wea `llm ~ogb{& o{ wea

`llm gb{womka b{ wl wea {m gb{womka& wea fowwa~ ~owbl bmk~ao{ag nr;49 dl~ wbà{

Sa bmk~ao{a nr ;49 dl~ wbà{ nako{a sa gbtbga wea kb~kfa bmwl

;49 mbw{ o{ wel{a o~a 49 {bu wbà{& 49 nabmc wea ào{~a bm

{ayo~owblm nawsaam fbma{ ld o w~bomcfa ld off {bga{ wea {oà& omg

;49 nabmc 29 dl~ wbà{& 29 nabmc wea {ayo~owblm nawsaam fbma{ bm

wea {qo~a sebke eo{ off {bga{ wea {oà& o{ saff o{ ;49 b{ kfl{a wl

wea ;41 gor krkfa ld wea {m

B {or dl~ wbà{ ;49& nako{a dl~ wbà{ ;41 omg lma yo~w bm dl~ b{

auokwfr wea gor{ ld 7 krkfa{ ld wea {m d~l` {lwe wl ml~we omg nokj

{lwe ocobm


23/25

B d~wea~ s~bwa web{ bm wea nafbad weow wea okwof {bxa{ omg gb{womka{

ld wea `llm omg {m sbff lma gor na jmlsm& omg wea~anr wea dw~a

sbff ta~bdr seow B eota ga~btag no{ag lm els webmc{ `{w na seamwea eomg ld wea k~aowl~ b{ ow sl~j

D~omj dbmb{eag ~aogbmc omg {obg wl Homa& Saff Homa& B sbff s~bwa

glsm bm wea dl~` ld o òweaòwbkof aqowblm& seow wea òm{k~byw

{or{ bm sl~g{& omg yfc bm wea m`na~{ Bw b{8

%Ao~we ôgb{",%@llm ôgb{" 0 ;49%7"%@llm Gb{womka",%[m

Gb{womka"

Wea ao~we ~ogb{ wl `llm ~ogb{ b{ ??,; omg ;49 wbà{ 7 b{ lma

wel{omg dl~ emg~ag omg dl~wr Wea `llm gb{womka wl wea {m

gb{womka b{ ?>,7431& {l

%??,;" 0 %?779"%?>,7431" 0 ;3 0 %?3>59,7431" 0;3

Eb{ ~afowblm{eby elfg{ ya~dakwfr& bd rl ~lmg wea m`na~{ wl weadb~{w yfoka odwa~ wea gakbòf& sebke b{ ~aoffr qbwa ~aò~jonfa Wea

s~bwa~{ ~ata~amka dl~ mow~a {aa`{ wl na ga~btag d~l` {b`yfa

{eoya{ omg no{bk y~bmkbyfa{ o{ sa~a wl wea auwamw ld seow so{

jmlsm {l flmc ocl& seam wea w~we b{ weow wea l~bcbm ld wea {bxa ld

wea `llm omg ao~we& weab~ {ayo~owblm omg l~{ sbwe wea {m& o~a wbag

y bm mà~l{ bmtlftag dokwl~{ Wea `llm òr eota naam o nlgr

koyw~ag nr ao~we c~otbwr& l~& òr eota dl~àg o{ o nlgr weow

n~lja ldd wea ao~we ao~fr bm bw{ dl~òwblm seam bw so{ fa{{ {lfbg

Wea l~nbwof gb{womka{ ld wea ao~we omg `llm eota {l òmr dokwl~{

bmtlftag& wea àkeombk{ o~a {l kl`yfbkowag weow atam l~ `l{w

{lyeb{wbkowag òwe kommlw y~agbkw weab~ tofa{& atam ~aoffr na

`lgafag okk~owafr sbwe kl`ywa~{


24/25

Homa {obg& Eb{ ~ata~amka dl~ wea m`na~ ?> dl~ wea ~ao{lm{ ea {obg&

seow kom rl {or onlw weow b{ wea {òffa{w onmgomw m`na~ Om onmgomw m`na~ b{ om`na~ sel{a gbtb{l~{& aukayw dl~ bw{afd& ogg y wl o tofa c~aowa~

weom bw Weow b{ ?> b{ gbtb{bnfa nr ?& >& ;& 7& omg 4 o selfa m`na~

ld wbà{ omg ?*>*;*7*4 0 ?4 sebke b{ c~aowa~ weom ?>

Homa {obg& Seowata~ wea ko{a& wea b`yfbkowblm{ ld web{ gb{klta~r

o~a `l~a weom h{w bmwa~a{wbmc& wear eota gaay yebfl{lyebkof

b`yfbkowblm{& d~l` seow rl eota auyfobmag wl à omg B o` clbmc

wl eota o flw ld dm w~rbmc wl dbc~a lw els wl y~a{amw web{

D~omj {obg& Bd omrwebmc& bw {els{ rl kom sl~j nokjso~g{ omg caw

{làsea~a& weow b{ els B slfg oyy~loke web{ Bm lwea~ sl~g{& wea

mbta~{a àom{ {làwebmc& {l faw{ òja wea `lgaf lm weow& omg

ta~bdr bw odwa~so~g{ Ea {b`yfr oww~bnwa{ mow~a b{ afacomw wl o

k~aowl~& seam ~aoffr afacomka òr {b`yfr na seow sl~j{& we~lce

atlfwblm Weow b{ bd bw gla{mw sl~j& bw gla{mw {~tbta& seow b{ fadw

b{ seow sl~j{& omg bw òr na weow seow sl~j{ b{ seow sa {aa o{afacomw


25/25

Documents

Science, Alchemy, Astronomy, and the Ancients