28 February 1958, Volume 127, Number 3296

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION

FOR THE

ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Board of Directors

WALLACE R. BRODE, PresidentPAUL E. KLOPSTEG, President ElectLAURENCE H. SNYDER, Retiring PresidentPAUL M. GROSS

GEORGE R. HARRISON

CHAUNCEY D. LEAKE

MARGARET MEAD

THOMAS PARK

MINA REESWILLIAM W. RUBEY

ALAN T. WATERMAN

PAUL A. SCHERER, TreasurerDAEL WOLFLE, Executive Officer

DAEL WOLFLE, Executive OfficerGRAHAM DUSHANE, Editor

JOSEPH TURNER, Assistant EditorROBERT V. ORMES, Assistant Editor

Editorial Board

WALLACE R. BRODEBENTLEY GLASSKARL LARK-HOROVITZ

EDWIN M. LERNERWILLIAM L. STRAUS, JR.EDWARD L. TATUM

Editorial Staff

MARY L. CRABILL, SARAH S. DEEs, LucILL~ Gui-NARD, NANCY S. HAMILTON, OLIVER W. HEArWOLE,YUKIE KOZAI, ELLEN E. MURPHY, BETHSABE PED-ERSEN, MADELINE SCHNEIDER, JACQUELYN VOLLMER,MARIA A. WOLSAIC

EARL J. SCHERAGO, Advertising Representative

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SCIENCE

Height Makes MightEveryone seems agreed that space science and technology are going to

occupy a large place in the Federal Government-the question is where.A variety of government agencies. would like to"assume responsibility fordeveloping the American space program, with much at stake both for thecountry and for the agencies. The central issue is the division of tasksbetween the military and civilian administrations, but there are also juris-dictional disputes within the two camps.

In the Pentagon, to the now familiar struggle among the Army, Navy,and Air Force, a new element is added, the Advance Research ProjectsAgency. Each of the armed services has something of a claim on the militaryaspects of space. Presumably, the Adv*nced Research Projects Agency wascreated to settle these claims by itself assuming them. The new agency,which is in the Defense Department, has the authority to initiate its ownprojects in its own facilities, the theory being that when the projectsbecome operational they will be turned over to the appropriate service. Inaddition, the new agency has Congressional approval to handle nonmilitaryaspects of space science for one year. Some critics claim, however, thatinstead of eliminating competition, the agency will only prove that if threeis a crowd, so is four. For the present, according to Defense Secretary NeilH. McElroy, the new agency will'limit its activities to reviewing the plansof the armed services, which is the more usual Defense Department pro-cedure.

As to possible outside civilian agencies for space research and develop-ment, several proposals are being offered. A bill introduced by SenatorClinton P. Anderson (D.-N.M.) would put the 11-year-old Atomic EnergyCommission in charge, while a proposal by the governing body of theNational Advisory Committee for Aeronautics recommends that the 43-year-old committee itself engage in astronautical research, in conjunction withcertain other existing government scientific agencies. Proponents of bothplans point to going complexes of laboratories, and they claim records ofsuccessful administration and of close cooperation with the Pentagon. Athird proposal is for the establishment of a totally new agency, perhapsalong the lines of the A.E.C., or perhaps as a part of a projected Depart-ment of Science and Technology. Some observers note, however, that anew agency:.would have to start from scratch, both in its laboratory andadministrativ set-ups.With thei .'ofrflicting possibilities within and outside the Pentagon, the

WhiteHousestaff is offering recommnendations and Congress is moving toconsider them. James R. Killiin,.r., the President's assistant for scienceand technology, and a group of stientists working with him are studyingspace policy as well as examining a timetable of possible accomplishments.T Senate, following the proposal of Lyndon B. Johnson (D.-Tex.), hasce-ated a special 13-member Astronautical and Space Exploration -Com-miittee to bring together ia variety of bills dealing 'with the subject. Thecom ttee is expected tq$rame a b1. in time for passage this session.

.;f the developmen of science arte new, the problems that they raise for(he ad ' istratipn o science are,/ot. The successes and failures of thevarious upproaches t t have been tried before in this country bear somedelatiQ 'to't the present question. With some attention to the lessons ofhistory, we may expect to enter the age of reconnaissance satellites, moonshotk& nd space travel with sound government policies.-J. T.

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SCIENCE, VOL. 127450