SCHOOL INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) PHILOSOPHY · No monitoring in PVAs No PMP hours with staff Excess pesticide use e.g. 143 applications for 3 schools in one year No ID e.g

SCHOOL INTEGRATED PEST

MANAGEMENT (IPM)

PHILOSOPHY

Shujuan (Lucy) Li

University of ArizonaMaricopa Agricultural Center

Shujuan (Lucy) LiUniversity of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center

Email: [email protected]

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Maybe they’d take me seriously if I put some pants on…

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Schools, child care centers, homes, hospitals, retirement / nursing facilities, restaurants, hotels

Challenging places for pest management

Host diverse people, confined spaces, different lengths of time

Schools – Sensitive Environments 4

Have health problems such as asthma, allergies, or immune system compromising diseases

Include diverse physical spaces, indoors and out, that provide ideal entry points and harborages for pests, and require customized solutions to pest problems

Diminishing budgets and deferred maintenance worsen these problems

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What is a pest?

• Organisms that are detrimental to humans or their interests• Damage crops and structures• Impact human or animal health• Reduce aesthetic and recreational

value• Organisms that are out of place!

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• A pest can be a:• Plant (weed)• Vertebrate (bird, rodent, or other mammals)• Invertebrate (insect, tick, mite, or snail)• Nematode• Pathogen (bacteria, virus, or fungus)• Other unwanted organism

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Why are there pests?

• Biological entities• Seek food, shelter, and water!

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Pests in Schools9

Cockroaches

Flies

Ants

Head liceBed bugsRodents

SpidersWeeds

Snakes

Bees

Wasps

Scorpions

Mites

Ticks Bats

Birds

……………

Why should we care about pest management?10

Bite / sting Damage food by entering and feeding Contaminate food and surfaces A nuisance when they invade buildings Cause allergies, asthma and other reactions Vector disease microbes Cause structural damage Cause plant damage

Pests!!!

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Actions!!!

Why should we care about pest management?

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Bills!!! Pests cost money! Repeated pesticide applications Unsafe pesticide exposure can result

in costly litigation Unchecked pest infestations

Why should we care about pest management?

There is a solution!13

IPM = Integrated (Intelligent) Pest Management!A sensible, environmentally friendly, and effective

way to solve pest problems

IPM is a team effort!

The IPM Approach

• IPM is sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, physical, and chemical methods in order to minimize economic, health and environmental risks

• IPM can be used to manage all kinds of pests anywhere – in urban, agriculture, wildland or natural areas

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Natural

Physical

Cultural

Mechanical

BiologicalRegulatory

ChemicalGenetic

Multiple tactics

The IPM Approach

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IPM focuses on correcting the fundamental reasons why pests are present

What are they?

When do they show up?

Where are they occurring?

How did they arrive or get in?

Why are they here?

The IPM Approach

• IPM is proactive – monitoring and inspecting is constant

• Promotes environmental health• Works indoors and outdoors• Pesticides are used only when

necessary

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The IPM Approach

1.

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IPM does not rely on one single method to control pests but uses a combination of methods that are: Location specificDynamic, can be changed to suit the situation Low riskCost effective

The IPM Approach

Pesticides

Physical/mechanical control

Cultural/sanitation practices

IPM pyramid

Education & Communication

Low risk

High risk Intervene

Prevent

1.

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IPM is a pollution prevention strategy

IPM is a pesticide resistance strategy

IPM is a risk reduction strategy

The IPM Approach

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Key Elements of IPM

Identification Inspection and monitoring Reporting Sanitation and waste management Maintenance and pest-proofing Selecting management methods and products Education and communication Evaluation Rules, regulations and policy

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4.

Key Elements of IPM - Identification

Pest identification and location: What is it? Where is it? How did it get there? Why is it there? When is it showing up?

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4.


Pest identification is critical! Use good resources

Take the help of specialists

Handle samples carefully

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4.


Pest stages may or may not look the same or cause the same damage

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Find the bed bug

Swallow bug Brown dog tickApple seed Shiny spider beetle

Cat fleaMexican poultry bug

Bat bugGerman cockroach

nymph

1 2 3 4 5

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89

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Swallow bugBrown dog tick

Proper identification

4.

Key Elements of IPM – Inspection and Monitoring

To detect pest problems as early as possible To address pest

conducive conditions before problems occur, especially in pest vulnerable areas (PVA’s) like kitchens,and food serviceareas

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2.

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What to look for: 1. Pests2. Signs of pests3. Pest conducive conditions -

pest opportunities inviting pests for food, water, and harborage

Inspection and Monitoring

Mouse poop on a spoon

The best way to know if or when pests are present is by regular inspection and monitoring

Cockroaches feeding on crumbs

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Where to look:1. Dark shadowy corners2. Hard to reach areas3. Undisturbed places/ under

and behind stationary items4. Warm and/or wet places5. Food storage and/or preparation areas6. Waste collection containers and areas7. Dropped ceilings


Tiles in drop ceiling indicating roof or plumbing leak

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Where to look:8. Warm walls with penetrations9. Compressor motor voids in equipment10. Unsealed floors and

floor to wall junctures11. Undisturbed containers12. Cardboard boxes13. Clutter


2.

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Tools:1. Monitoring traps2. Bright flashlight3. Hand lens


Inspection also involves the regular observation and recording of: The physical condition of buildings and grounds Detection of DIY pest control

attempts

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7.

Water is a critically important pest resource Monitor and repair leaks Repair leaky valve boxes Keep flooring and surfaces dry Ensure rainwater drains away from buildings Ensure air-conditioning

condensate does not pool in drop ceiling tiles or attics

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Key Elements of IPM – Pest-conducive Conditions

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Exposure to mold can cause health problems for sensitive individuals

Exposure may cause or worsen conditions such as asthma, hay fever or allergy symptoms


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Shrubs should be pruned away from buildings and shaped so they do not create places for rodents to hide

Keep tree limbs pruned at least six feet away from buildings

Remove vines climbing on buildings or growinglow to the ground next to buildings

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Key Elements of IPM –Pest-conducive Conditions

De-clutter!

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Key Elements of IPM –Pest-conducive Conditions

Eliminate access to food

4.

Key Elements of IPM – Inspect, Monitor, Measure

Regular monitoring is the most economical and simple strategy to manage pests

Using ongoing monitoring tools allows for constant assessment of pest activity when you can not be around

Monitoring helps determine pest population levels and how the pests are accessing or beingintroduced into buildings

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Key Elements of IPM – Inspect, Monitor, Measure

Traps catch 24-7 and help you identify the pest, determine how many there are, assess the direction of travel and determine harborage locations

3.

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Use pest-sighting logs These are a convenient

and efficient way to record and report

Encourage and reward school personnel for reporting pests

Key Elements of IPM - Reporting

Key Elements of IPM - Reporting41

Systems allow methodical data tracing which may be legally required

Report:Pests foundSigns of pestsSupportive conducive conditionsPest entrywaysUnsanctioned pest control attempts

Recordkeeping is important because it allows: Accurate flow of information

from one employee to another Pest management to identify

trends in pest populations Documentation of problems

and evaluation of solutions Legal compliance

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Key Elements of IPM - Reporting

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Key Elements of IPM – Sanitation and Waste Management

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Waste management = Pest management!

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Maintain garbage chute systems and dumpsters clean and keep dumpster and surrounding areas free of debris

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Place dumpsters on a concrete or asphalt surface 30-50 feet away from building entryways

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Sanitation Clean up after group activities,

especially those involving food and drinks

Anything with food remains should be placed in trash cans, bagged, and taken to outside dumpsters before the day ends

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Sanitation Common room furniture should be checked and

cleaned periodically

Upholstered furniture is difficult to keep clean,

especially where food is consumed including

teachers lounges, and coaches, maintenance or custodial offices – Dawn H. Gouge, University of

Arizona

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Pest-proofing includes preventing pests from the outside getting in, and preventing hitchhiking pests brought in by building occupants and in deliveries from spreading

Seal cracks, crevices and holes around exterior wall penetrations

Key Elements of IPM – Maintenance and Pest-proofing

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Seal your buildings, make sure doors seal and self-close correctly

The vertical gap in the doorway (right) should be closed with brushes

Exterior doors should never be left propped open. Mice can enter through a ¼” gap. Effective door sweeps can cut pest complaints by 65%!

Prevent pest entry

Key Elements of IPM – Maintenance and Pest-proofing

Understand pest mode of feeding/habitat for effective reach

Treat only when populations reach action thresholds Time treatments to be least disruptive to beneficials Avoid broad-spectrum insecticides, toxic to many species

of insects Select targeted, low-risk pesticides, such as Bacillus

thuringiensis, insect growth regulators, and baits formulated to attract only the target pest

Read the label – the label is the LAW!

Pesticides

Use pesticides only when necessary & be selective when you choose a product

Use least hazardous options first Attempt to preserve natural

enemies Select least toxic materials Use broad-spectrum

insecticides as an absolute last resort

When using pesticides…

Pesticides are important tools. They should be used effectively and safely

Teacher desk drawer

Key Elements of IPM – Education and Communication

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Form partnerships with surrounding groups: Your pest management professional Non-governmental organizations working to improve

environmental health and safety University Extension Your department of health

and State Lead Agency responsible for regulating pesticides

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Outreach events in schools Non-conventional education

Key Elements of IPM – Education and Communication

Key Elements of IPM - Evaluation

Your IPM program should be evaluated annually to determine what is working and what is not?

Are pests persisting? Are there any emerging issues? Are pest management methods and products the

least hazardous and effective? Are there community

communication challenges or education needs?

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Rules, Regulations and Policy15.

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Notifications

Common Problems

No monitoring in PVAs No PMP hours with staff Excess pesticide use e.g. 143 applications for 3 schools

in one year No ID e.g. “red ants” or “sugar ants” Poor knowledge e.g. mice have no bones No communication with or education of faculty and

staff OTC pesticides Poor partnerships IPM costs more….

IPM must be compatible with current operations

Doing what you do now---just think pests!!!• Security = monitoring• Energy conservation = exclusion• Sanitation = nothing to eat• Clutter control = no place to live

Food Water Shelter

Have a policy for each pest

• Response plan• Thresholds• Management

protocols• Communication

protocols

Prepare Your School IPM Plan https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1669-2015.pdf

When transitioning from a traditional monthly treatment service to an IPM program, costs usually decreasedin the long-term

IPM is the best way to manage pests in your environment!

Take-home message

Contact

Shujuan (Lucy) Li, Ph.D.Assistant in Extension, Public Health IPM Arizona Pest Management CenterUniversity of Arizona - Maricopa Ag. Center37860 W. Smith-Enke RoadMaricopa, AZ 85138-3010Office: (520) [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

SCHOOL INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) PHILOSOPHY · No monitoring in PVAs No PMP hours with staff Excess pesticide use e.g. 143 applications for 3 schools in one year No ID e.g