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Say YesSay Yes
Tobias Wolff
Lesson Five
Part One: Warm-up
Part Two: Background InformationPart Three:
Text Appreciation (Key Points)
Part Four: Language Study (Difficult Points)
Part Five: Resource Extension
Lesson Five
B T L EW
Lesson 5—Say Yes
B T L EW
Part onePart one Warm-up Warm-up
I. Make up a Conversation
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Write your own ending of
the conversation.
I.I.Make up a StoryMake up a Story
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I. Author
II. Racism
III. Ku Klux Klan
IV. Jim Crow Laws
Part twoPart two Background InformationBackground Information
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Tobias Wolff (1945—) was born in Alabama in 1945. His parents divorced when
he was a boy. Wolff’s mother retained
custody of him. As a child, Wolff traveled
with his mother, Rosemary, to the Pacific
Northwest, where she remarried. Growing up
in the Pacific Northwest, young Tobias soon
was forced to endure life under his strict and
cruel stepfather.
I.I. Author Author
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That period of Wolff’s life is recounted in This Boy’s Life: A Memoir, which was later made into a film. He lives with his family in upstate New York and teaches writing at Syracuse University. From 1964 through 1968, Wolff served as a lieutenant with the U.S. Army Special Forces (Green Berets) in Vietnam. He later recounted his wartime experiences in the memoir In the Pharaoh’s Army: Memoirs of the Lost War.
I.I. AuthorAuthor
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Racism:Racism: the belief that race accounts for the belief that race accounts for
differences in human character or differences in human character or
ability and that a particular race is ability and that a particular race is
superior to others. superior to others.
II. Racism
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Koo Klucks Klan also known as KKK: a secret white supremacist organization at various times in American history terrorized blacks and white sympathizers with violent acts of lynching, shootings and whippings.
Founded: 1866
Founder: Confederate Civil War veterans
Headquarters: Powderly, Kentucky; Butler, Indiana; Jasper, Texas
III. Ku Klux Klan
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Background:Background: The Klan has fragmented into scores of competing factions. Most of these are nominally independent.
Estimated size:Estimated size: no more than a few thousand, organized into slightly more than 100 units
Media: mass mailings, leafletting and the Internet
Strategy: public rallies and protests
Ideology: some Christian fundamentalist beliefs, Christian Identity, white supremacy
Financial support: little
III. Ku Klux Klan
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Jim Crow Laws
Racial segregation, called “Jim Crow”,
excluded blacks from public transport and
facilities, jobs, juries, and neighborhoods.
Blacks had separate hospitals, prisons,
orphanages, parks and pools.
IV. Jim Crow Laws
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Birth: Six college students founded the Ku Klux Klan between December 1865 Tennessee. The six young men organized as a social club or fraternity and spent their time in horseplay of various types, including wearing disguises and galloping about town after dark.
III. Ku Klux Klan
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Part threePart three Text Appreciation Text Appreciation
I. Text Analysis
1. Theme
2. Structure
3. Further Discussion
• Writing Devices
1. Contrast
2. Innuendo
III. Sentence Paraphrase
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
The idea of racism is a theme in the story, for the implication of the husband’s racism is what causes the couple to quarrel. The wife dislikes her husband’s beliefs that African Americans are different from whites. He maintains that it is not that he is prejudiced against African Americans, but that they come from a different culture and they even have their own language.
Theme of the Text
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
Question: Is the quarrel between the
husband and wife an ordinary quarrel?
What does the talk touch upon? Who do
you think is responsible for the quarrel?
It touches upon the issue of racism.
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Part 1 (Para. 1 ):
Part 2 (Paras. 2—51):
Part 3 (Para. 52 ):
I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
Structure of the Text
The husband and wife maintain a harmonious relationship with each other.
The husband is questioned by his wife about his view on a white person’s marrying a black person.
He has a strange feeling of uneasiness in the dark.
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
He was a hypocrite and a terrible racist.
Question: Is the husband a considerate and
honest man? What kind of man is he?
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
Question: What kind of woman is the wife?
Is she too critical? What does she think the
marriage between blacks and whites?
She is honest and square. She thinks the
marriage between a black and a white is
perfectly natural, if they love each other.
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I.I. Text AnalysisText AnalysisQuestion: Does the man oppose marriage
between a black and a white? What are his
arguments?
He opposes the marriage between a black
and a white.
His basic arguments are that blacks and
whites have different cultures. They cannot
know each other.
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Question: Why does the woman corner
her husband by keeping asking him
whether he would marry her if she were
black?
I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
She seems to have found that her
husband has subtle racist nature.
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
Question: Do you think the husband knows
his wife very well?
He seems to understand her wife well and
is confident of manipulating any awkward
situation. But actually, to him his wife is a
stranger.
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When the husband got the look where the wife pinched her brows together and bit her lip, he knew he should keep his mouth shut. But he never did. Instead, it made him talk more. What can you infer from the above description?“Listen, I went to school with blacks, and I’ve worked with blacks and we’ve got along just fine.
I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
Further Discussion About the Text
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When he said “They even have their own
language”, what did the husband imply?
When the wife said “but if they love each
other?”, the husband thought “Oh, boy”. What
was he actually thinking?
He was angry with her for resorting to the trick
of repeating his words so that they sounded
hypocritical.
I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
Further Discussion About the Text
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II. II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
Contrast
appearance:considerate pitch in on the housework, come to the aid out of concern, ask to complete the dish-washing …innermost being: hypocritical He is excited by her anger to challenge her. His concern for her is for her appreciation. Send her away to stop the conversation as he is tired of it. He felt ashamed that he had let his wife get him into the fight. He knew that he had to come up with the right answer…
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Innuendo: an indirect or subtle, usually derogatory
implication in expression; an
insinuation
II.II. Writing DevicesWriting Devices
He thought of years they had spent together, and
how close they are, and how well they knew each
other… (Para. 43)
Innuendo
The room was silent. His heart pounded the way it had
on their first night together, the way it still did when
he woke at a noise in the darkness and waited to hear
it again—the sound of someone moving through the
house, a stranger. (Para. 52)
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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 1Sentence Paraphrase 1All the things considered, he thought it was a bad idea. (Para. 2)
absolute construction
go to 2
Sometimes his wife got this look where she pinched her brows together and bit her lower lip. (Para. 4)
“ Where” is used to indicate a relative clause. It can be used after words referring to an aspect of a situation, or a stage in sth.
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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 2Sentence Paraphrase 2
He squeezed to see how deep the wound was.
(Para. 18)
Noun clause introduced by “how” functions as the object of “see”.
go to 3
Pun: “Wound” refers to both the cut and injury to feelings.
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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 4Sentence Paraphrase 4
While he was at it, he decided, he might as well mop the floor. (Para. 42)
go to 5
had better
he was doing the dishes
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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 3Sentence Paraphrase 3
“ Yes, different,” he snapped, angry with her
resorting to this trick of repeating his words so
that they sounded hypocritical. (Para. 16)
spoke abruptly and sharply
go to 4
to turn to the help of the trick
adjective phrase as subject complement
appositive structure linked by “of”
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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 5Sentence Paraphrase 5
He thought the years they had spent together,
and how close they were, and how well they
knew each other, and his throat tightened so
that he could hardly breathe. (Para. 43)
“ as a result” introducing an adverbial clause of result
objective clauses of “thought”
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I. Word Study
II. Phrases and Expressions
III. Word Building
IV. Grammar
Part fourPart four Language StudyLanguage Study
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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:
1. somehow
2. consider
3. pinch
4. snap
5. rummage
6. spray
7. ashamed
8. attach
9. demonstrate
10. tone
11. clear
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
I know what we are doing is legal, but
somehow it doesn’t feel right.
They came anyhow they could—by boat, train,
or plane.
It sounds crazy, but I believe it anyhow.
adv. in a way not specified, understood, or known
Compare: anyhow, anyway
anyhow: in whatever way or manner; however;
nevertheless
1. somehow
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
All things considered, the reform is a
success.
She considers waste to be criminal.
2. to think or deem to be; to regard
v. 1. to think carefully about
2. consider
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
anyway: in any way or manner; whatever;
nevertheless; regardless
Get the job done anyway you can.
It was raining but they played the game
anyway.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Her success is not surprising if you
consider her excellent training.
She failed to consider the feelings of
others.
4. to show consideration for
3. to take into account; to bear in mind
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. consider suggests objective reflection and reasoning
The faculty deems the essay to be by far the best one submitted.
I regard your apology as the end of the
matter.
3. regard often implies a personal attitude
2. deem is more subjective through its emphasis on
judgment as distinguished from contemplation
Synonyms
deem
regard
account
reckon
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
4. account and reckon in this sense are rather
literary in flavor and imply calculated
judgment
I account no man to be a philosopher
who attempts to do more.
I cannot reckon you as an admirer.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
It is considerate of you not to play the piano while I was having a sleep.
cf.
considerate
considerable
considering
consideration
He bought a house at a considerable
expense.
2. considerable: adj. rather large or great, as in size, distance, or extent
1. considerate: adj. showing kind regard for the feelings; thoughtful; careful not to hurt or cause inconvenience to others
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
She’s very active, considering her age.
cf.
considerate
considerable
considering
consideration
We will give your proposal consideration.
Safety is the most important consideration
in choosing a car.
4. consideration: n. careful thought; deliberation; factor to be considered in forming a judgment or decision
3. considering: prep. in view of; having regard to
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
These shoes pinch my toes.
buds that were pinched by the frost
a face that was pinched with grief
2. to nip; to wither
v. 1. to squeeze or bind (a part of the body) in
such a way as to cause discomfort or pain
3. pinch
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
The reporter snapped the governor as she
was getting into her car.
He snapped at the child.
2. to speak abruptly or sharply
v. 1. to take photograph
4. snap
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
He rummaged in/through all the drawers,
looking for a pen.
ransack
search
I had a rummage about/around the house,
but I couldn’t find my certificate anywhere.
2. n. a thorough search among a number of things
or a confusion of miscellaneous articles
1. v. to make an energetic, usually hasty searchSynonyms
5. rummage
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
1. v. to disperse (a liquid) in a mass or jet of droplets
The pipe burst and the water was spraying
everywhere.
Can you feel the spray from the waterfall?
2. n. water or other liquid moving in a mass
of dispersed droplets, as from a wave
Synonyms
splash
sprinkle
6. spray
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
1. splash: to propel or scatter (a fluid) about in flying masses
The kids were splashing about in the
shallow at the swimming pool.
The priest sprinkled water on the
baby’s head.
2. sprinkle: to scatter in drops or particles
splash sprinkle
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
You should feel ashamed of what you have done.
cf.
shameful
shameless
shameful conduct shameless exploiter
shameful: adj. causing shame; disgraceful
导致羞愧的;可耻的shameless: adj. without shame; feeling no shame
厚颜无耻的
adj. feeling shame 感到羞愧的,惭愧的7. ashamed
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
They attach great importance to the threat.
The girl is very much attached to her
grandparents.
She attached great value to being financially
independent.
He is thirty two, he is gorgeous, he’s got his
own house, and what’s more, he is unattached.
Antonym
v. 1. to fasten, secure, or join, connect 2. to bind by emotional ties, as of affection or loyalty
detach
attachedunattachedattachment
antonym
Word Formation
8. attach
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
He demonstrated the laws of physics with
laboratory equipment. He demonstrated affection by hugging. People went on the street to demonstrate
against the tax hikes.
v. 1. to present by experiments, examples, or practical application; to explain and illustrate 2. to show clearly and deliberately; to manifest 3. to participate in a public display of opinion
demonstration
demonstrative
9. demonstrate Word Formation
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Don’t ask me to sing—I’m tone-deaf.
He was in a very bad moon when he arrived,
and that set the tone for the meeting.
cf.
tune
n. 1. a sound of distinct pitch, quality, and
duration; a note
2. manner of expression in speech or writing
in tune/out of tune with the piano
tune: n. a melody
10. tone
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List:
1. pitch in
2. take one’s word for it
3. resort to
4. come to one’s aid
5. for one’s sake
6. feel cornered
7. have no choice but
to do
8. make it up to sb.
9. come up with
10. on one’s part
11. break up
II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
a clear dayclear watera clear, perfect diamond a clear record with the policea clear path to victorya clear case of cheating
adj. 1. free from clouds, mist, or haze 2. free from what dims, obscures, or darkens 3. free from flaw, blemish, or impurity 4. free from impediment, obstruction, or hindrance 5. plain or evident to the mind; unmistakable
cf.
clean
Word Formation
clearness
clarify
clarity
clarification一个晴天清澈的水完美无瑕的钻石没有前科通往胜利坦途一桩明显的诈骗案
11. clear
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other phrases
II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
pitch into: to attack with words or criticizepitch up: to arrive in a place
If we all pitch in, it shouldn’t take too long. After we had seen the video everyone started
pitching in with comments on its fault.
He pitched into me as soon as he arrived, asking
where the report was. He finally pitched up two hours late.
to set to work vigorously; to join forces with others; to help or cooperate
pitch into
pitch up
1. pitch in
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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
If he says there’s $500 in the envelop then
I’ll take his word for it.
He said he would give me a job and I just
took him for his word.
to believe what sb. says is true
2. take one’s word for it = take sb. for his word
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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
I had to resort to violence to get my money.
to use sth. for help, because you cannot
find any other way of acting
3. resort to
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to help or support
II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
An anonymous millionnaire has come to the
company’s aid by lending it the money it
needs to keep it in business.
He gets about with the aid of a walking stick.
She went to the aid of a man trapped in his
car.
The concern was in aid of famine relief.
cf.
with the aid of
go to the aid of
in aid of
4. come to one’s aid
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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
Let’s not disagree for the sake of a few pounds.
1. because of
Let’s say, just for the sake of argument/ for
argument’s sake, that prices rise by 3% this year.
2. for the purpose of
For God’s/Christ’s sake, turn that music off. For Goodness’s/Pete’s/heaven’s/pity’s sake don’t
let her know what I told you.
3. used to emphasize requests or orders and
when you are angry or have lost patience
5. for one’s sake = for the sake of
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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
I felt cornered at the party when he bore
me to death about his difficult childhood.
to feel forced into a situation where it’s
hard to escape
6. feel cornered
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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
We have no choice but to close the hospital.
to the only choice we have is to
7. have no choice but to do
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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
He came up with a cure for the disease.
to bring forth or discover
come up against: to encounter, esp. a difficulty or major problemcome down with: to become sick with (an illness)
He came up against great difficulties.
He came down with the flu.
9. come up with
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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
I’m sorry we cannot take you with us but I
promise I’ll make it up to you somehow.
1. make it up to: to give sb. sth. or do sth. for (esp.
sb. for whom you have caused trouble)
2. make it up with sb.: to forgive and become
friends again after argument
We often quarrel but we always make it up
with each other soon after.
8. make it up to sb.
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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
Brilliant strategy on the part of Confederate
forces ensured their victory at Chancellorsville.
regarding or with respect to the one specified
10. on one’s part = on the part of
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
break up a chocolate bar
The crowd broke up after the game.
The marriage broke up.
1. to separate into pieces; to divide2. to scatter; to disperse3. to bring or come to an end
11. break upother phrases
break down
break in(to)
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II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions
1. break down: to collapse; to fail in machinery
usage; to suffer physical or mental weakening
2. break in(to): to enter a building by force
The elevator broke down.
a prowler who was trying to break in
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
List:
1. Prefix—hypo
2. Prefix—hyper
3. Suffix—ing
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1. Derivation — prefix: hypo- “below; under”
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
hypotension hypothermiahypocellularhypocritehypogenesishypohemiahypomaniahypostatic
血压过低体温过低细胞减少的伪君子[ 医 ] 发育不良贫血[ 医 ] 轻度躁狂本质的,实体的,实在的
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
hypertension
hypersensitive
hyperphysical
hyperoxide
hypercritic
hyperbole
hyperacid
血压过高
非常敏感的
超物质的,超自然的
过氧化物
过于苛严,吹毛求疵的
夸张的
胃酸过多
2. Derivation — prefix: hyper- excessive 上面,超越,过于,极度
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3. Derivation — suffix: v+ -ing adj.
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
tiring
alarming
amazing
relaxing
confusing
astonishing
challenging
refreshing
demanding
disturbing
annoying
surprising
terrifying
disgusting
bleeding
dying
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
1. wh-noun clause
I just don’t see what’s wrong with a white person
marrying a black person, that’s all. (Para. 7)
He squeezed to see how deep the wound was.
(Para. 18)
Well, that’s what you said, didn’t you? (Para. 23)
Pay attention to the word order in the
noun clause.
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
2. the way + clause
He knew that she was too angry to be actually
reading it, but she didn’t snap through the
pages the way he would have done. (Para. 40)
When he was done the kitchen looked new, the
way it looked when they were first shown in the
house. (Para. 42)
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Part fivePart five Resource Resource ExtensionExtension
• Quiz
• Writing
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II. Quiz II. Quiz
List
1. Quiz 1
2. Quiz 2
3. Quiz 3
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II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 2
1. The company has now introduced a policy ____ pay rises are related to performance at work. (96) A. which B. where C. whether D. what
2. The physicist has made a discovery, ____ of great importance to the progress of science and technology. (97) A. I think which is B. that I think is C. which I think is D. which I think it is
Complete the following sentences with the best choice.
B C
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II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 23. ____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (97) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions
4. The team can handle whatever ____. (97) A. that needs handling B. which needs handling C. it needs handling D. needs to be handled
B D
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II. Quiz 1II. Quiz 1Put the phrases into English.
1. 感觉被逼上绝路2. 精力充沛地投入工作3. 应该相信4. 讨好, 奉承5. 帮助6. 匆忙得出结论7. 最好做 ······
8. 正处于 ······
9. 快速(翻阅)10. 诉诸 ······
Keys
1. feel cornered
2. pitch in
3. take one’s word for it
4. make it up to
5. come to one’s aid
6. move fast on sth.
7. might as well
8. be at sth.
9. snap through
10. resort to
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II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 25. Come and see me whenever ____. (97) A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you
6. I was to have made a speech if ____.(97) A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away
C C
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II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 29. The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel ___. (98) A. to stay B. is to stay C. to stay at D. is for staying
10.After ____ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (99) A. that B. there C. what D. it
C C
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II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 27. She remembered several occasions in the past __ she had experienced a similar feeling. (98) A. which B. before C. that D. when
8. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ____ to the professor. (98) A. as far as B. the same as C. as much as D. as long as
D C
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II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 211. Fat can’t change into muscle ____muscle changes into fat. (99) A. any more than B. no more than C. no less than D. much more than
12. It is not so much the language ____the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. (99) A. but B. nor C. as D. like
A C
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II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 213. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ____in the public mind today. (99) A. exists B. exist C. existing D. to exist
14. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city____. (99) A. I’d most like to visit B. which I like to visit mostly C. where I like to visit D. I’d like much to visit
A A
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II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 217. He’s ____ as a “bellyacher”—he’s always complaining about something. (99) A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known
18. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring country ____by the police each time. (99) A. had been captured B. being always captured C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured
C B
Lesson 5—Say Yes
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II. Quiz 2II. Quiz 215. He ____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. (99) A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D. would act
16. If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you ____able to write letters in English. (99) A. should be B. were C. must be D. are
A B
Lesson 5—Say Yes
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II. Quiz 3II. Quiz 3Fill out the blanks with the proper
form of the given words.
1. I find this type of work boringly ________. (repeat)
2. The findings of the survey are ____________ of the
need for further research. (demonstrate)3. You managed the project well, __________ your inexperience. (consider)
4. The economy was a __________ issue in the
campaign. (consider)
5. It was very __________ of you to drink all the milk
when you know I need some for the baby. (consider)
repetitive
demonstrative
considering
considerable
considerate
Lesson 5—Say Yes
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II. Quiz 3II. Quiz 36. This sort of hot and spicy food is very _____ of the
food in the south of the country. (type)
7. He had all the _____ symptoms of the disease,
including loss of appetite and a high temperature.
(class)
8. “_____ changes in public opinion often occur because
of shifts in concerns and priorities.” (basis)
9. My parents are fairly ______ about me staying out
late. (relax)
10. She is unlikely to give up her life-long _________
to feminist ideas. (attach)
typical
classic
Basic
relaxed
attachment
Lesson 5—Say Yes
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III. WritingIII. Writing 1. Write a counter-argument to the
husband’s statement that African Americans don’t come from the same culture as whites.
2. Write a scene that takes place the following day.
3. Analyze the husband in terms of whether or not he is a racist character.