Sarf Lesson 05

7/30/2019 Sarf Lesson 05

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QURANIC GRAMMARAS-SARF

Morphology of the words

Lesson 5

Lessons from the book

MABADE ALARABIYAH

basics of Arabic GrammarRASHEED SHARTOONI

Compiled by: Sheikh Safdar Razi Ali


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MOJARRAD AND MAZEED The verb which is used to derive a MASDAR is basically

past tense therefore note the example verbs takenpreviously to convert to a MASDAR (noun) are past

tense and the forms of MOJARRAD and MAZEED

studied here will also be repeated when studying the

past tense.

MOJARRAD is referred to the root verb or the MASDAR

which does not have any addition in the root verb and

this MOJARRAD verb or MASDAR could be tri letter orfour letter

A MAZEED verb (past tense) or MASDAR which has

addition of letters to its MOJARRAD (root).


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THE INFINITIVE (ALMASDAR) An infinitive is that which denotes a state or an action

without denoting its time, (it is not called a verbal noun

that is some thing else) for example:. HOSNON (beauty) from the verb

HASONA (beautified)

All infinitives are formed by grammatical rules except

infinitives of triliteral MOJARRAD verbs, for there aremany forms which cannot be known except by referringto dictionaries.


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MOJARRAD AND MAZEED

[Shakir 3:172] (As for) those who responded (at Ohud) to the call of

Allah and the Messenger after the wound had befallen them, those

among them who do good (to others) and guard (against evil)shallhave a great reward.


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4 Mazeed with one letter

If you increase three lettered Mojarrad Verb by

one letter, you can have the following forms:

1. Fa ala with a shaddah on the AYN of the verb( ) Form: AlimaAllama (Taught)

2. Afala ( ) Form: KaramaAkrama (BecomeGenerous)

3. Faaala ( ) Form: ShahidaShaahada

(Witness)


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4 Mazeed with one letter

Sketch A page 23 MABADE part two


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Mazeed with two letters

If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb by Two letter, you

can have the following 5 forms:

1. Tafaala with SHADDAH on AYN ( ) Form:Taallama(He Learned)

2. Tafaaal( ) Form Tashaaraka (Associated)

3. Infaala( ) Form: InTalaqa & Insarafa (Left)

4. Iftaala( ) Form: Ijtamaa (he met )

5. Ifaal a with SHADDAH on LAAM ( ) Form:Ihmarra(Become Red)


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4 Mazeed with two letters

Sketch B page 23 MABADE part two


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Mazeed with three letter

If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb byThree letters, you can have the following forms:

1. Istafal( ) Form:Istafsfara (Seeking theMeaning)

2. Ifawala( ) Form: Ihdowdaba (Bending)

3. Ifaall a with SHADDAH on LAAM ( ) Form:Ikdhaarra (Becoming Very Green)


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MAZEED with three increased letter

A. (ISTAFALA)This is form X. Here a

glottal stop, sn and t are added. For

example: (he asked for forgiveness)

B. (IFAOWALA)This is form XII. Here a

glottal stop and a ww are added along with

another second root letter , example:

(It was bent outward)

For Form XI is not mentioned in this book


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4 Mazeed with three letters

Sketch page 24 MABADE part two


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Four lettered Mazeed with max two

The increase in the Four lettered Mojarrad Verb by

One or Two letters (A verb cannot exceed 6 letters),will be discussed further when studying the verbs in

detail.


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The infinitives for verbs with increase

letters are as follows

A. becomes B. becomes

C. becomes

D. becomes

E. becomes

F. becomes

G. becomes

H. becomes

I. becomes

J. becomes


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Increase on three letter MOJARRAD

Sketch page 85 MABADE part three


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Four letter

K. becomes

L. becomes

M. becomes


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Are all the forms of triliteral verbs with increase

letters applied to all triliteral verbs?

No, in order to know which forms are applied

to which verbs one must refer to dictionaries

because many of them are without standard

form (SOMAAEYAH). For example form IV

(AFALA) and XII (IFAOWALA)

This are not applied to the verb


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Types of four letter MASDAR The pattern for the quadriliteral verb is .

(FALALA)

The LAAM at the end distinguishes the triand the Quadra.

There are two infinitives for quadriliteralMOJARRAD verbs :

ZALZALAH and ZILZAAL

The second follows the rules in double-lettered verbs, for example: WASWASA =WASWASAH and WISWAAS

and this is according to how Arabs use them inother than double-lettered verbs, For example:.


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explanationThere are two types of quadriliteral MOJARRAD

verbs:A. Regular: when there arent any repeated letters

in its root. For example: (he rolled)

B. Repeated-lettered: when the first and third root

letters are identical as well as the second andfourth. For example (it quaked)

IN the above both examples all the four letters areroot letters.


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A MAZEED quadriliteral verb

There is one form of a quadriliteral verb withone increase letter:

A. (TAFALALA) This is form II. Here a t

is added to the root. For example: (herolled down)


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A MAZEED quadrilateral verb with two

increased letters There are two forms of a quadrilateral verb

with two increase letters:

A. (IFANLALA) This is form III. Here a

glottal stop and a nn are added. For

example (translate)

B. (IFALALLA)This is form IV. Here a

glottal stop is added and the fourth root

letter is doubled. For example: (heshivered)


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5 Mazeed of four letter root verb

Sketch page 27 MABADE part two


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How many forms of quadriliteral verbs with

increase letters are there?

There are three forms of quadriliteral verbs with

increase letters.

Are all the forms of quadriliteral verbs with

increase letters applied to all quadrilteral verbs?

No, to know which forms are applied to which

verbs one must refer to dictionaries ( ). For

example forms III and IV forms are not applied

to the verb .


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[Shakir 47:25] Surely (as for) those who return on their backs after that

guidance has become manifest to them, the Shaitan has made it a lightmatter to them; and He gives them respite.

[Shakir 58:19] The Shaitan has gained the mastery over them, so he has

made them forget the remembrance of Allah; they are the Shaitan's party;now surely the Shaitan's party are the losers.

[Shakir 18:77] So they went on until when they came to the people of a

town, they asked them for food, but they refused to entertain them asguests. Then they found in it a wall which was on the point of falling, so heput it into a right state. (Musa) said: If you had pleased, you might

certainly have taken a recompense for it.


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[Shakir 9:45] They only ask leave of you who do not believe in Allah

and the latter day and their hearts are in doubt, so in their doubt dothey waver.

[Shakir 3:200] O you who believe! be patient and excel in patience

and remain steadfast, and be careful of (your duty to) Allah, that youmay be successful.

[Shakir 17:64] And beguile whomsoever of them you can with yourvoice, and collect against them your forces riding and on foot, andshare with them in wealth and children, and hold out promises tothem; and the Shaitan makes not promises to them but to deceive:

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Sarf Lesson 05