Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 1

بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم

احلمد هلل رب العاملني وصلى اهلل وسلم وبارك على نبينا حممد وعلى آله وصحبه أمجعني, أما بعد

Our teacher began with praising Allaah and sending salaat and salaam on the Messenger of

Allaah, his family, companions and followers until the Last Day and began:

CHAPTER TWO

The Harakah on the ‘Ayn in the Maadh differs from the Harakah on the ‘Ayn in the

Mudaari’. In the Maadh it has a Fathah and in the Mudaari’ it has a Kasrah.

The First Chapter is ف عل – يفعل , with a Fathah on the Maadh and a Dhammah

on the Mudaari’

In the previous classes it was said that Chapter one is considered a pattern followed with

three types of verbs, which are:

1- Whenever the ‘Ayn is a Waaw

2- Whenever the Laam is a Waaw

3- Whenever the ‘Ayn and the Laam are identical, provided that the verb is Transitive.

As for Chapter Two it is taken as a Principle in Four types of Verbs:

1-Whenever the ‘ع’ is a ‘ي’

2-Whenever the ‘ل’ is a ‘ي’

As-Sarf (Morphology) ~ Class Eleven

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 2

3- Whenever the ‘ع’ and ‘ل’ are identical, provided the verb is Intransitive.

4-Whenever the ‘ف’ is a ‘و’.

*Note: A condition will be added to type number 2 and 4 -this will come later in shaa Allaah-

In Chapter one it is said that: Whenever the ‘Ayn is a Waaw and whenever the Laam

is a Waaw, but in Chapter two instead of a Waaw it is going to be a Yaa.

And in Chapter one it is said that: Whenever the ‘Ayn and Laam are identical,

provided the verb is Transitive, but in Chapter two instead of Transitive it is

Intransitive.

You can see how the Chapters are put and organized in a way were it is easy to relate

to. Especially Chapter One and Two, they are almost the same.

The First type of Verbs which is a Principle to Chapter Two:

1-Whenever the ‘ع’ is a ‘ي’

Example:

The Root Letters:

ب- ي- ن

ب- ي- ت

ج- ي- ء

ح- ي- د

خ- ي- ب

د- ي- ن

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 3

ز- ي- د س- ي- ل

ص- ي- د

The objective here is to match it to Chapter Two ف عل – يفعل

BULIDING THE ROOT LETTERS TO THE ماض , WHICH IS ON THE SCALE

OF ف عل ب- ي- ن

ب- ي- ت

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 4

ج- ي- ء

ح- ي- د

خ- ي- ب

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د- ي- ن

ز- ي- د

س- ي- ل

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 6

ص- ي- د

There is a Principle that we took, which we can apply on these Verbs as well, which is:

Just as we did with ق ول , we ended up saying قال , because the waaw had a

harakah and the letter before had a Fathah, so we were able to turn the Waaw into an

Alif.

Here we do the same by turning the Yaa into an Alif, because that which applies to the Waaw

applies to the Yaa as well, in this particular Principle.

He/it appeared/ showed

It is intransitive

GENERAL PRINCIPLE -: “If the ‘و’ or the ‘ي’ had a Harakah (i.e. Fathah, Kasrah, or

Dhammah) and the letter before had a Fathah, we turn the ‘و’ or the ‘ي’ into an ‘ ا’ ”

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 7

He spent the night

He came/ approached.

Here the Hamzah is written differently, and we shouldn’t worry about it now. Our

Noble Ustaadh حفظه هللا said before that the hamzah is written in different ways. It is

more important to know how to say it.

As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

إذا جاء نصر الله والفتح When comes the Help of Allah (to you, O Muhammad (Peace be upon him) against your

enemies) and the conquest (of Makkah), [110:1]

He turned aside

He was unsuccessful

It is the opposite of being successful

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 8

He recompensed/ worshipped/ surrendered to someone with obedience

دان – يدين – دينا

It increased

It ran (used for liquids)

He hunted (down).

BUILDING THE ROOT LETTERS TO THE مضارع , WHICH IS ON THE SCALE

OF يفعل

The General Steps of the Mudaari’, when it is on the scale of يفعل :

1st : We bring the ‘ي’ in the beginning of the Verb (copy paste it as it is), and give it a

Fathah.

2nd

: We bring the First Original letter, which is the ‘ف’, and silence it.

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 9

3rd

: We bring the Second Original letter, which is the ‘ ع’, and give it a Kasrah (the harakah

can differ).

4th

: We bring the Third Original letter, which is the ‘ ل’, and give it a Dhammah.

ب- ي- ن

ب- ي- ت

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ج- ي- ء

ح- ي- د

خ- ي- ب

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 11

د- ي- ن

ز- ي- د

س- ي- ل

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 12

ص- ي- د

We apply the same Principles as we did with يقول

Reminder:

“If you can’t Move Remove.”

And this goes back to the Mother Principle which says: “Arabs seek lightness in Speech”

We ended up Moving the Dhammah on the Waaw to the vacant letter before it, because of the

heaviness caused by the Dhammah on the Waaw.

Here the same applies to these Verbs, because the Kasrah on the ‘ ي’ is also heavy -just as

the Dhammah is heavy on the Waaw-.

Whatever we did with the Waaw we are going to do with the Yaa with no difference, by

Moving the Kasrah on the Yaa to the vacant letter before it.

PRINCIPLE -: “The Dhammah is heavy on the ‘و’, so it is moved to the letter before if it

is vacant (from any harakah).”

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 13

He/it appears/ shows.

He spends the night.

He comes/ approach.

He turns aside.

He is unsuccessful.

He recompense/ worships/ surrenders to someone with obedience.

It increases.

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 14

It runs (used for liquids).

He hunts (down).

The Second type of Verbs which is a Principle to Chapter Two:

2-Whenever the ‘ل’ is a ‘ي’.

Here there is a condition to it (which we will get in the next class In shaa Allaah)

Example:

The Root Letters:

أ-و-ي ب- ن- ي

ث- ن- ي

ح- و- ي

ح- م- ي

ق- ض- ي

ر- م- ي

ز- ن- ي

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 15

ش- ف- ي

This case is just the same as the Second Type of the First Chapter. The only difference is

instead of dealing with a Waaw we are dealing with a Yaa.

Don’t make it complicated it is easy in shaa Allaah.

The objective here is to match it to Chapter Two ف عل – يفعل

BUILDING THE ROOT LETTERS TO THE ماض, WHICH IS ON THE SCALE OF

.ف عل أ-و-ي

ب- ن- ي

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ث- ن- ي

ح- و- ي

ح- م- ي

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 17

ق- ض- ي

ر- م- ي

ز- ن- ي

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 18

ش- ف- ي

Here we apply the same Principle as in Chapter One for the Second type of Verbs, which is:

Because ‘ ي’ has a Harakah, which is a Fathah and the letter before it has a Fathah, we are

able to apply the Principle and turn the ‘ ي’ into an Alif.

Here it is a sitting Alif (a yaa without dots) and not a standing one, this way it is

taking the form of a ‘ ي’ to indicate and hint that it was turned from a Yaa, and this

is at the end when there is no letter following it.

The ‘Standing Alif’ at the end tells us that it is originally a Waaw.

For now we can call it a ‘Sitting Alif’.

He sought shelter.

GENERAL PRINCIPLE -: “If the ‘و’ or the ‘ي’ had a Harakah (i.e. Fathah, Kasrah, or

Dhammah) and the letter before had a Fathah, we turn the ‘و’ or the ‘ي’ into an ‘ ا’ ”

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 19

He build

He bent

It contained

He protected

He judged/ decreed

As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

لغن عندك الكب ر وقضى ربك أل ت عبدوا إل إياه وبالوالدين إحسانا إما ي ب ما ق ول كري ا هرها وقل ل ما أف ول ت ن أحدها أو كلها فل ت قل ل

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 20

And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him. And that you be dutiful to your

parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of

disrespect, nor shout at them but address them in terms of honour. [17:23]

He threw/ shot

He practiced illegal sexual intercourse

He cured

Extra Note:

The way to know if the Alif was originally a Waaw or a Yaa is by knowing the Masdar and

the Mudaari’. For example: دان , the Masdar of it is دين (and we see that it has a Yaa, so the

Alif is originally a Yaa), Also قال , the Masdar of it is قول and the Mudaari’ is يقول (It has a

Waaw in the Masdar and in the Mudaari’, so the Alif is originally a Waaw )

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 21

HOMEWORK

Try to do the Mudaari’ of the following Verbs with the Principles given.

~~~ END OF CLASS ~~~

Notes transcribed by: Umm Sufyaan Al Maghribiyyah