Sara Hsu. Poverty measurement has changed from one of relative income gaps to multidimensional...
18
Poverty and Inequality Sara Hsu
Sara Hsu. Poverty measurement has changed from one of relative income gaps to multidimensional indices of poverty. Poor are socially constructed phenomenon
Poverty measurement has changed from one of relative income
gaps to multidimensional indices of poverty. Poor are socially
constructed phenomenon. Transient poor are those who can be
classified as poor in some periods and not in others. Ravallion
(1988) finds an expected value of a poverty measure which results
from changes in a welfare indicator. Inequality persists due to
credit market imperfections. Quality of institutions impact
distribution and vice versa.
Slide 3
Home to 20% of worlds poorest Found in rural areas, lower
castes Child malnutrition Farmer suicides Agricultural policies
Land redistribution Poverty reduction hard to determine from
data
Slide 4
Slide 5
Growth has been concentrated in skilled sectors Rural casual
labor Gini coefficient
Slide 6
Slide 7
Problem with reported statistics Rural phenomenon Urban
phenomenon (rural migrants) Thin land markets
Slide 8
Communism and equality Issue in nineties with privatization
Inland-coastal disparity Government policies
Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 11
No official poverty line Fifth highest poverty rate in OECD
Unemployment as strong cause Homeless cannot receive public
assistance with no home!
Slide 12
Slide 13
Increasing inequality, early 20 th century Lagging productivity
in rural sector Relatively equal from WWII through 1970s Increase
in inequality in 1980s Aging society
Slide 14
Slide 15
India: Integrated Rural Development Program Swarnjayanti Gram
Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) National Rural Employment Program Rural
Landless Employment Guarantee Programs National Social Assistance
Program China Households responsibility System Targeting poor
counties Food for Work Grain for Green Minimum Living Standard
Japan Public Assistance
Slide 16
Poverty in India is highest, second highest in China, and low
but significant in Japan Poverty alleviation policies have sought
to reduce poverty in all three countries, with varying levels of
success.
Slide 17
Indias poorest state is Bihar in the North. Most of the
population lives in rural areas and focuses on agriculture.
Industry is very small. The state is attempting to get over its
image as a failed state in the eyes of many.