Sample Open Mind 1

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Unit 7Think Again!A Do the questionnaire.

B Score yourself. Are you more of a left-brain or right-brain thinker?

Score 1 point for every Yes answer to questions 1, 4, 8, 9, and 10. Score 1 point for every No answer to questions 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7.

Add up your score.05: You are more of a right-brain thinker.610: You are more of a left-brain thinker.

I wear a watch.

I play or would like to playa musical instrument.

I like to draw.

Id rather draw a map thangive someone directions.

When I get something new,I usually read the instructions.

I hate following a schedule.

I make to-do lists.

I generally do well in mathand science.

Ive considered becoming a lawyer,a doctor, or a journalist.

Ive considered becoming a politician,an artist, or an architect.

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2Grammar: modals of deductionmight/must/could/cant

A Language in contextListen to the conversationbelow. Which answer to the puzzle do they choose?

Morgan: Hi, Ben. What are you doing?

Ben: Oh, hi, Morgan. Im just taking an IQ test in this magazine.Im not doing very well, though!

Morgan: Let me see. Which symbol is missing? Hmm OK. Well, the missing square must be red.

Ben: Yes, thats what I think. So the answer cant be B.It could be A, though.

Morgan: No, it cant be A. Look where the dot is. It must be on theright at the bottom. The answer must be C.

Ben: Oh, yes. Youre right. Hey, youre good at these things,genius! Lets try the next one.

B NoticeRead the conversation again and complete the table.

C PracticeWrite what you might say in each situation. Use the word given in parentheses.

D Now you do itWork in pairs. For each puzzle, decide whatcomes next.

Reading: distinguishing fact and opinion p48

Facts and opinions sometimes occur in the same sentence. To help you distinguish between them, look for

phrases like Research shows that and To me, this seems Another way of identifying someones opinion

in a sentence is to look for adjectives likegood, bad, great,etc.

A Look at these people. Do you recognize any of them? What do you think they have in common?

B Read this article and check your ideas.

C Look at these sentences from the article in Exercise B. For each one, decide if it expresses a fact, anopinion, or both.

1 Or Helen Keller, the amazing woman who became a writer even though she was deaf and blind?

2 Studies show that normal IQs range from 85 to 115, and a genius has an IQ over 140.

3 However, this seems to be a very poor definition to me.

4 Im convinced that a better definition of genius should surely include other things, like creativity.

5 Another definition, which to my mind seems more useful, states that originality is the defining factor.

6 The writer Malcolm Gladwell has written about geniuses in his book, Outliers: The Story of Success, and hethinks that there is an important factor we often overlook: hard work.

7 And, according to research, it is possible to put a figure on it: 10,000 hours.

D Work in pairs. Think of other geniuses you know of. Which one do you admire the most? Why?

How to say it

It might be

No, it couldnt be because

I think it must be

Watch out!

Which one do you think it is?

It could be the last one.

It can be the last one.

Verb Use Example

(1) beUse to express something we

think is (almost) certainly true.The missing square (4) be red.

might/ (2) beUse to express something we

think is possibly true.It might/ (5) be A, though.

couldnt/ (3) beUse to express something we

think is (almost) certainly untrue.So the answer (6) be B.

Must/could/cant/couldnt/mightare followed by be +

a noun, e.g., That must be Davidat the door;

an adjective, e.g., You must be tired.;

-ingverb, e.g.,Jenny couldnt be flyingto Lima. She hates planes.

1 Youre expecting Nicole to call. The phone rings.

(must)

2 You are almost certain the answer isnt D.

(cant)

3 Its possible your cell phone is at home.

(could)

4 You think its possible that John is sick.

(might)

5 Youre certain that an answer is not right.

(couldnt)

6 You dont believe it when someone says its snowing.

(cant)

1 1, 4, 9, 16, ?

2 red, orange, yellow, green, ?

3 M, T, W, T, ?

4 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ?

5 M, V, E, M, J, ?

6 Ronald, George, William, George, ?

We all think we know one

when we see one. Everyoneagrees that the scientists AlbertEinstein and Marie Curie weregeniuses. Mozart was clearly agenius, and so was the naturalistCharles Darwin. And what aboutthe well-known scientist StephenHawking? Or Helen Keller, theamazing woman who became a

writer even though she was deafand blind? Are they geniuses?

What makes a genius?

According to one definition,a genius has a high IQ. Studiesshow that normal IQs range from85 to 115, and a genius has an IQover 140. However, this seemsto be a very poor definitionto me. Genius is a complicatedconcept, involving many different

factors. Intelligence tests usuallymeasure only logical thinking. Imconvinced that a better definitionof genius should surely includeother things, like creativity.e artist Picasso producedthousands of beautiful worksof art. Was he a genius?

Another definition, whichto my mind seems more useful,states that originality is thedefining factor. A genius putsthings together in new ways, waysthat ordinary people have neverthought of, and creates somethingnew. It might be a new idea, a new

work of art, or a new way ofworking. Geniuses change theworld they are born into. atraises another question: Aregeniuses born that way?

e writer Malcolm Gladwellhas written about geniuses in hisbook,Outliers: e Story of Success,and he thinks that there is animportant factor we often overlook:hard work. e people at the verytop dont just work much harderthan everyone else, he says. ey

work much, much harder. Youhave to be born with talent, butthen you have to develop thattalent. And, according to research,it is possible to put a figure on it :10,000 hours. ats about 3 hoursa day for 10 years. By studyingexamples ranging from Mozart tothe Beatles to Bill Gates, Gladwellshows that they all got the chanceto do an enormous amount ofpractice before becoming hugelysuccessful. So, while talent and IQare crucial, it seems that geniuses

do an enormous amount of workto achieve their success.

Helen KellerLeonardo da Vinci Charles Darwin Stephen Hawking

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5Vocabulary: adjective suffixes ful, less

We often use a noun (e.g., pain) + a suffix (e.g., less) to make an adjective (e.g., painless). We often

use fulto form positive adjectives and lessto form negative adjectives.

A Complete each sentence with the correct adjective.

1 I was never very good at math because I was (care).

2 You dont have to be very intelligent to be (success).

3 Intelligence is (use) on its ownyou need to understand people, too.

4 Very intelligent people are often very lonely and this can be (pain) for them.

5 Einstein had a very (power) brain.

6 Im (hope) at doing logic puzzles. I always get the wrong answer!

7 Nadine is very (thought) and always considers her friends feelings.

8 Bens parents felt (power) to stop him from dropping out of college.

B Circle agree (A) or disagree (D) for each statement.

1 You can be successful even if you arent very intelligent. A D

2 Logic is useless for understanding other people and their emotions. A D

3 Highly intelligent people are often thoughtless. A D

C Work in pairs. Compare your answers with your partners. Explain your choices.

Language use: listening to an interview

A You are going to listen to an interview about child prodigies. Before you listen, check which of thesepeople you think were very intelligent when they were children.

B Now listen to the interview and check your answers.

C Listen again and complete the notes.

1 A child prodigy shows great talent before the age of .

2 Lope de Vega learned to read Latin and when he was five.

3 Child prodigies usually have high .

4 often put pressure on child prodigies.

D Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions.

1 Do you think young people today are under a lot of pressure to be successful?

2 Do/Did your parents put pressure on you to do well in school?

Grammar: tag questions

A Language in contextListen to the conversation below. Why is Victoria worried?

Victoria: Im a little worried about Laurence.

Nancy: Hes been sick recently, hasnt he?

Victoria: Yes, but its not that. Im worried about his schoolwork.

Nancy: But hes not doing badly, is he? He got an A on his last test, didnt he?

Victoria: Yes, he did. Thats why Im worried. He has straight As!I think hes a gifted child.

Nancy: I read an article about gifted children. Theyre veryintelligent children, arent they?

Victoria: Thats right. I was wondering if he needs special classes.

Nancy: Wendys daughter goes to a school for gifted children,doesnt she? Lets call her and ask her about it.

Victoria: Thats a good idea. You wont tell anyone, will you? I dontwant people to think Im a pushy parent.

Nancy: Of course not.

B NoticeLook at the conversation in Exercise A again and complete the table.

We use tag questions to confirm information were almost certain about or to check informationwere not sure about. We form the tag question using a pronoun and an auxiliary.

C PracticeComplete the tag questions.

D NowyoudoitWork in pairs. What do you know about these areas of your partners life?Use tag questions to check your knowledge. Ask other questions to find out more.

family interests ambitions experiences

Youve been to the U.S., havent you?

Watch out!

It starts at nine, doesnt it?

It starts at nine, does it?

When the main verb of the sentence is positive, the tag question is negative:

e.g., Hesvery smart, isnthe?

When the main verb of the sentence is negative, the tag question is positive:

e.g.,Hes notvery smart,ishe?

WithI am, we use arent I?With Im not, we use am I?:

e.g., Im in the right place, arentI?/Im not sitting in your seat, amI?

Tag question Short answer

Simple tensesShe goes to a school for gifted children,(1) ?

Yes, she does./No, she doesnt.

Progressive tenses Hes not doing badly, (2) ? Yes, he i s. /No, he i sn t.

Perfect tenses Hes been sick recently, (3) ? Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.

beas a main verb Theyre intelligent children, (4) ? Yes, they are./No, they arent.

Modals You wont tell anyone, (5) ? Yes, I w il l./No, I won t.

1 You didnt do well on the test, ?

2 Al has always been very smart, ?

3 We arent late for the test, ?

4 Tom could read when he was three, ?

5 I wont see you tomorrow, ?

6 Anns coming here tomorrow, ?

Lope de Vega Tiger Woods William Shakespeare Mozart

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Thinking and problem-solving:thinking logically

Question your assumptions.

Approach the problem differently.

Think of new ideas and test them.

A Connect these dots by drawing four straight lines, withoutlifting your pencil off the paper and without going backover a line. You have two minutes.

B If you solved the puzzle, great job! If you didnt, you need to question your assumptions.To do this, decide whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1 The instructions say each line has to start and end on a dot. T F

2 Your lines can go further than the rows of dots. T F

3 Each line has to go through three dots. T F

C Now try the puzzle in Exercise A again. If you still cant figure out theanswer, find someone who has the answer and ask them to show you

how to do it.

D Look at this fish made out ofmatchsticks. Move three matchsticksonly so that the fish is swimmingin the opposite direction.You have one minute.

E If you solved the puzzle in Exercise D, read this text and decide if it describeshow you think. If you didnt solve the puzzle, read the text and think abouthow you should approach the puzzle in Exercise D differently.

F Now try the puzzle in Exercise D again. Use what you learned inthe article to help you.

G Work in pairs. Brainstorm a list of real-life problems and howlogical thinking might help to solve them. Then explain yourideas to the rest of the class.

Problem

How to get a huge new sofainto your apartment

How logical thinking might help

It can help you think of differentways, e.g., through the window.

{ }Reflect...How good are you at logical thinking?How can you improve your log icalthinking skills?

There are times in all our lives

when we need to think more

logically. It might be in a real-life

situation, such as making a

business decision. Or it might be

when we are doing a test or puzzle

of some kind. The problem some of

us have when it comes to thinking

logically is that we think certain

limits exist, when in fact they dont.

Its all about our assumptions.

We all have lots of assumptions

things we think are correct, even if

theres no reason to. To illustrate,

take a look at this well-known

puzzle using matchsticks. The coin

looks like it is inside a glass

formed by four matchsticks. You

have to move just two matchsticks

to get the coin outside of the glass.

You cannot move the coin! It seems

impossible and it is impossible,

as long as you assume that the

glass has to stay the same way up.

However, the puzzle becomes very

easy if you think about making an

upside-down glass. To do this, all

you have to do is move matchstick

3 to the right a little and move

matchstick 1 down.

The key to solving this

problem is to question

your assumptions. And

questioning your

assumptions is a big

part of logical thinking.

Logical thinking is

not just about the

artificial world of

puzzles. This same kind

of thinking can be very useful in real

life, too. If we arent careful, we can

assume things about ourselves,

other people, and the world around

us which limit our thinking. By

analyzing and questioning our

assumptions, we can think more

logically and systematically about a

problem, and perhaps find solutions

that we simply couldnt see before.

How to say it

One problem which could be solved

using logical thinking is

Do you think logical thinking would

help if ?

How would logical thinking help in that

situation?

If , logical thinking could help you to

lifeSkills

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810 correct: I can form adjectives using fuland lessand use collocations connected to improving your brain.

07 correct: Look again at Sections 3 and 8 on pages 70 and 73. SCORE: /10

810 correct: I can express different levels of certainty using modals of deduction and use tag questions

to check information I think is correct.

07 correct: Look again at Sections 2 and 5 on pages 69 and 71. SCORE: /10

Vocabulary

Complete this text with the correct form of the wordin parentheses or a word from the box. (10 points)

One of the most (1) (power) techniques for training your brain is visualization.

Whether youre trying to develop an (2) you already have, such as doing

a sport, or trying to learn a new skill, visualization can help you be (3) (success).

It can also help you find a (4) to unhealthy habits, such as smoking, when youve

tried other techniques that dont work and leave you feeling (5) (hope).

In fact, visualization can work in any situation where you are trying to challenge

(6) to improve. The technique involves forming a picture in your mind, like

a picture on a movie screen. You have to be (7) (care) to create a colorful, vividpicture of what you want to achieve. You have to explore the (8) to come up with

a good picture. Add sound and make it come to life. Then, make a small black and white picture of

yourself failing. Quickly replace that image with your colorful, happy image. Do that five or six times.

Now, every time you feel (9) (power) and feel as if you are going to fail, the

colorful, happy image will come to mind. Tough challenges, like giving up smoking, become much

less (10) (pain) and you are more likely to succeed. Why not give it a try?

Grammar

A Complete this conversation with the modals of deduction must,might,could, and cant.(5 points)

Andy: Im stuck on my crossword puzzle. Do you know a country with a five-letter name?

Kelly: There (1) be hundreds! It (2) be China.

Andy: No, it (3) be China. It begins with I.

Kelly: Um well, it (4) be Iran. That only has four letters.

Andy: Wait a minute. I know! It ends with a so it (5) be India.

B Complete the tag questions. (5 points)

1 They cant solve the puzzle, ?

2 Shes very good at puzzles, ?

3 Youll help me, ?

4 We didnt pass the test, ?

5 Im taking my exam tomorrow, ?

ability solution yourself possibilities

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Language Wrap-up

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Sample Open Mind 1