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Abstract

The present research s tudy goes through the overall

administrative set up of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)

of Pakistan under which these areas have been administered since

long. The administrative mechanism of FATA is peculiar in its nature

and essence. The system of administration in these areas is totally

different from the administrative machinery operating in settled

areas. The basic administrative unit in settled areas is district while

in tribal areas it is the tribal agency in which one finds a unique

picture of administration. Unlike Deputy Commissioners in settled

districts the Political Agents in tribal areas derive multifarious

powers from the unique administrative framework provided under

Frontier Crimes Regulation 1901 (FCR). Being a federal and at times

provincially appointed official, the Political Agent, closely watches

the administration of the concerned tribal agency with maximum

power and executive authority in hand. The political agent exercises a

blend of executive, judicial and revenue powers and also maintains

law and order situation and suppresses crimes and criminal activities

in the tribal agency. Keeping all these responsibilities intact, he is

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g^aSÔ¸òZŠZg{',Zñï@*gõzpÄÔ‡Z+ZW-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠX **

supported by khassadars, levies (tribal militias) and paramilitary

forces that work under military command. The administrative

structure in each political agency further reveals that a Political

Agent is further assisted by an assistant political agent and officer

in-charge of specific sub-division. At local level political tehsildar,

naib tehsildar and political moharir perform their administrative

functions. All these officials perform their respective duties under the

overall administrative control of Governor's Secretariat FATA. The

tribes are internally free to regulate their own affairs keeping in mind

their tribal codes (unwritten), customs and traditions. They also take

care of the principle of 'collective responsibility' for the deeds and

actions of their individual family or tribe members and 'territorial

responsibility' of those areas which are given under their control.

This study, thus, presents a holistic view regarding the administrative

system of FATA with thorough historical backdrop and analysis.

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Æ**xÐY**Y@*ìXt‚]D©ZªVZzgbuu~´V (FATA) ÃN*

'Z5ðZ±gÐÃN*0272%,³¢a6,” 6,ŒìX (Frontier Regions)

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C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 8

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C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 21

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C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 61

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C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 81

jZ!Y]1- IPRI Factfile, "FATA: A Profile of Socio-Economic Development",

(Islamabad: Islamabad Policy Research Institute, 2008), p. 15.

91 ___________________________________________ ÃN*»ZOòeJçZzgZkÅS:]

2- Ibid., p. 21.

3- Government of Pakistan, FATA Sustainable Development Plan: 2006

- 2015, (Peshawar: Planning and Development Department, Civil

Secretariate FATA, 2006), p. 3.

Zjjîy~Zyâ)9(ß1V~Ð&)3(ß"ªÔMÔâg*yZzg.ñi 4DZ,÷X~›yÔõZzgyzÆ´z{Šzu}¤/z{ÌW!*Š÷X

Shuja Nawaz, FATA - A More Dangerous Place: Meeting the

Challenge of Militancy and Terror in the Federally Administered

Tribal Areas of Pakistan, (Washington: Centre of Strategic and

International Studies, January, 2009), p. 2.

5- Sarfraz Khan, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in

Central Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, Area Study Centre, (Russian,

China and Centre Asia) University of Peshawar, pp. 8-9.

ÅLLÃgzge0*Œóó»ÑDbÃf[ÅY+$ā (g Z ',¤â~âW!*Šc*CZg!*[ X6uJ-Šƒ`ŠbåXíZk0*Œä89D7981ÅD©Œz]ÃÀŠc*XZkÐÓ#ÖÃZk!*]»ZŠgZuƒZāuu~DbÃåîg6,‡1™**e7ZkatêHŠHāLL³ieezg0*Œóózä™ÆZyD©´V~ÑÍHYñXZk0*ŒÅ$+zªZD©ZªVƪx»¦g¿~Wc*XZy´VÙõaYVZzg¯YYzEVÅZq-iîÐZq©HŠHX˜V6,D©ßÍVÃZyÆçÑ}ƺmgÌzgzZ`ZzggzZc*]Æ_.ZLZ0+gzãç5]÷äÅåZYi]¶X

Claude Rakisits, Pakistan's Tribal Areas: A Critical No Man Land

paper delivered at Webster University Forum, Geneva, 25, April

2008, p.1.

7- Noor ul Haq, et.al, Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan

in IPRI Paper 10, http://ipripak.org/papers/federally.shtml accessed

on 12 February, 2012, n.p.

7781Y~',¤â~zZ·ZñÑgeÑ"54èJGHEā',¤â~yÆÑwf[~zZµ X8

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Ƽ”VÃ÷áï™ÆZkß"»z¯c*ŠHXZϧbtß/Zkz‰Ü

C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y _________________________________________ 02

0*õZOòZHqª´VÔek,{Z�³{yÔDÙZg{ÔÃ;^Zzg?zgZzg0*õD©ZªVªŠk,ÔÎZ]ÔùZwÔ6Ô°æ NOxÔÑàZzg†!zik,*y6,ŒåXZOòîg6,tÓxZHqZzgZìVZq-r—Æ4ŠÑñ‰�šzZôyz*yÆÍg3,9Ã�Z$+{åX

IPRI Factfile, FATA: A Profile of Socio-Economic Development,

pp.16-17.

10- Maqbool, FATA Under FCR: An Imperial Black Law in Central

Asia, No. 61, Winter 2007, p. 174.

ZðzZâyÅßg]qw',ŒÛZggppc£òW!*Š~нCc*CD©$Ó4hé GIZzg X 11Cm,Ã7:¯gkÆîg6,D©ZªV~ë]HŠH�Zy´VÅŠN¸w~7É41¹ÿ GHZÐÅçz-$™D¸XZkÑc³ÔñgdZzgaYVÃD©´V~Z£â]6,y™ÆZy‡ây**Ç™äzZà¸ÂVÃë]HŠHX

Noor ul Haq, et.al, "Federally Administered Tribal Areas of

Pakistan", n.p.

12- Muhammad Tayyab Ghafoor, Impediments Involved in the

Integration of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in the

National Mainstream of Pakistan, Master Thesis, War Studies,

Baluchistan University, 2005, p. 13.

{āŠZgZq-!*‡°{¯gkì�7É41¹ÿ GHZÐÆ�ZL�ÛZøuZ�xŠîìX X 31ZyÅãCŠ~f)ŠZg-V~vÃVZzgŠzu~u»g~qgÂVÅ™«™**ƒ@*ìX

14- Claude Rakisits, Pakistan's Tribal Areas: A Critical No Man's Land,

paper delivered at Webster University Forum, Geneva, 25 April,

2008, p. 2.

Also see http://www.geopoliticalassessments.com/Pakistan_s_Tribal

_Areas.pdf accessed on 19 March, 2013. Also see Naveed Ahmad

Shinwari, "Understanding FATA: Attitudes Towards Governance,

Religion & Society " in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal

Areas, Vol. IV (Islamabad: Community Appraisal & Motivation

Programme, 2010), p. 7.

15- Sarfraz, Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit , in Central

Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, p.21.

16- Government of Pakistan, FATA Sustainable Development Plan

12 ___________________________________________ ÃN*»ZOòeJçZzgZkÅS:]

(2006-2015), p. 5.

17- Sarfraz, Special Status of Tribal Areas (FATA): An Artificial

Imperial Construct Bleeding Asia , in Eurasia Border Review, p. 69.

18- Ghafoor, Impediments Involved in the Integration of Federally

Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in the National Mainstream of

Pakistan, p. 13.

19- Maqbool, FATA Under FCR (Frontier Crimes Regulation): An

Imperial Black Law, in Central Asia, No. 61, Winter 2007, p. 174.

20- Ghafoor, Impediments Involved in the Integration of Federally

Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in the National Mainstream of

Pakistan, p. 13.

21- The News, Rawalpindi, 1 November, 2005.

22- Asmatul lah Khan Wazi r and Muhammad Zaheer Khan,

Mainstreaming FATA Through Legal and Political Reforms, in

TIGAH, Vol. IV, January 2014, FATA Research Centre, Islamabad,

p. 32.

23- Democracy Reporting International, Electoral Conditions in Federally

Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan, Germany, April 2013, p. 9.

24- The News, Rawalpindi, 1 November, 2005.

25- In November, 2007 civil secretariat FATA was established. The

Gazette of Pakistan Extraordinary, S.R.O. No. 116 (1)/2007 issued

on 16 November, 2007.

26- Civil Secretariat FATA, Rules for the Disposal of Business in the

Civil Secretariat (FATA) and its Line Departments, Notification No.

CSF/C-533/3063 Dated Peshawar, the18th of September, 2006.

27- Ijaz Khan, Challenges Facing Development in Pakistan's FATA , in

NBR Analysis: Challenges Facing Pakistan's Federally Administered

Tribal Areas (FATA), Vol. 19, Number 3, August 2008, p. 17. Also

see Shakeel Kakakhel, Integration of FATA into NWFP: An Analysis,

The Forum of Federations Project in Pakistan funded by the German

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, February 2010, p. 5.

28- Democracy Reporting International, Electoral Conditions in Federally

Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan, Germany, April 2013, p. 9.

29- Ijaz, Challenges Facing Development in Pakistan's FATA, p. 17.

30- DRI, Electoral Conditions in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of

Pakistan, p. 9.

31- International Crisis Group, Pakistan: Countering Militancy in FATA,

C@*gõzp¢ïEGL0*ÎyÔZ6,sDm6102Y ________________________________________ 22

Crisis Group, Asia Report, No. 178, 21 October, 2009, p. 12.

32- Akbar S. Ahmad, Social and Economic Changes in the Tribal Areas,

(Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 30.

0691YЬ!*�h»%û4WiZŠåT§bgc*„Šk,ZzgÎZ]»å�ā D 335,ZàÆ7É41¹ÿ GHZÐÆ(ÏŠZ],{Z(g~WD¸X!*�hÃ0691Y~5,Zໃezn,yŒÛZgŠh+c*ŠHTÅ(ÏôZãZk7É41¹ÿ GHZЙ@*åX

Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central

Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, p. 11.

34- Syed Wiqar Ali Shah, "Political Reforms in Federally Administered

Tribal Areas (FATA): Will It End the Current Militancy" in

Heidelberg Paper in South Asian and Comparative Politics ,

Working Paper No. 64, January 2012, p. 13.

@*g]Z±gÐZÌ»qïŠ{6Zq-(,ZÑàgZ3ì�ZjjîyÐ D 53',¤â~yz*y~ŠZ4ƒ@*åXZkgZ5ůYZzg'Z5ðZÌZ[Ì

0ìXSarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central

Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, p. 10.

36- Sarfraz, "Special Status of Tribal Ares (FATA) An Artificial Imperial

Construct Bleeding Asia" in Eurasia Border Review, Vol. 1, Spring

2010, p. 63.

37- Government of NWFP, Important Agency/FR Wise Socio-Economic

Indicators of FATA (2000-2001), Bureau of Statistics Planing and

Development Department, n.d, p. 42.

38- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central

Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 10-11.

39- Muhammad Zaheer Khan and Sharafat Ali Chaudhry, Conflict in

Kurram Agency: Nature and Causes, FATA Reserach Centre

Islamabad, http://iifrc.com.pk/articles/conflictin-kurram-agency,

accessed on Jun 12, 2013, n.p.

40- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central

Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 12.

41- Government of NWFP, Important Agency/FR Wise Socio-Economic

Indicators of FATA (2000-2001), p. 42.

42- Sarfraz, "Special Status of Tribal Ares (FATA) " An Artificial Imperial

32 __________________________________________ ÃN*»ZOòeJçZzgZkÅS:]

Construct Bleeding Asia" in Eurasia Border Review, Vol. 1, Spring

2010, p. 63. Also see Akbar S. Ahmad, Social and Economic Change

in Tribal Areas, (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 35.

43- Farhat Taj, "Life in Orakzai" in daily The News, 11 February, 2009.

44- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central

Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 12.

45- Government of NWFP, "Development Briefs of North Waziristan

Agency" in Agency/FRs Development Briefs of FATA (2002-03),

Bureau of Statistics Planning and Development Department, n.d, p.3.

46- Akbar, Social and Economic Change in the Tribal Areas, p. 37.

47- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central

Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 13.

48- Government of NWFP, Important Agency/FR Wise Socio-Economic

Indicators of FATA (2000-2001), p. 42.

49- Sarfraz, "Special Status of FATA: Illegal Becoming Licit" in Central

Asia, No. 63, Winter 2008, pp. 13-14.

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