S1 Amy Cornforth Tony Grupp Ana DAlmeida NanoSolar Cells Pres (1)

7/24/2019 S1 Amy Cornforth Tony Grupp Ana DAlmeida NanoSolar Cells Pres (1)

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Nanotechnology for Next Generation

Solar Cells

Group 1:

Amy Cornforth, Tony Grupp, AnaDAlmeida

February 5, 2010


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Presentation Overview

1. olar !ell introdu!tion

2. "uantum dot #olar !ell#

$. Dye%#en#iti&ed #olar !ell# 'DC(

). *ybrid or+ani! #olar !ell#


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Solar Cells

-nit# that hae the ability of !onertin+ #unli+htinto ele!tri!ity

/ade of #emi!ondu!tin+ material

Can be u#ed for aried purpo#e#, e.+. to poer

at!he#, to li+ht hou#e#, and to proide poerto the ele!tri!al +rid#

ma+e found at: http:en.i3ipedia.or+i3iFile:4oreali#$indmill#.p+How Solar Cells Work. http://solarpanelworl.co!/how"solar"cells"work.php


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Solar Cells

*o do they or367 8i+ht i# ab#orbed by #emi!ondu!tor

7 9ner+y of the ele!tron# in!rea#e#

7 9le!tron# moe in the material7 Char+e !arrier# hae to be pre#ent

8imitation#7 4and +ap of the #emi%!ondu!tin+ material

7 /aimum effi!ien!y of a #olar !ell '#in+le

material( i# about $0 ;

How Solar Cells Work. http://solarpanelworl.co!/how"solar"cells"work.php


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Solar Cell #evelop!ent

Three Generation# of #olar !ell te!hnolo+y:

1. in+le%!ry#tal #ili!on ba#ed photooltai! dei!e# Good effi!ien!y

*i+h Co#t *i+her than traditionally%produ!ed ele!tri!ity

2. CunGae2'CG( poly!ry#talline #emi!ondu!torthin film# 8o Co#t

8e## 9ffi!ien!y$.


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$%ant%! #ots

Adanta+e#

Adu#table band%+ap

/oldable

Fa!ilitate !olle!tion and tran#port of !arrier# n!rea#e effi!ien!y of #olar !ell#

by etendin+ the band +ap of #olar !ell#

by +eneratin+ more !har+e# from a #in+le photon

$%ant%! #ots an &ltra"'fficient Solar Cells( http://www.i"sis.org.%k/$#)&'SC.php
http://www.i-sis.org.uk/QDAUESC.phphttp://www.i-sis.org.uk/QDAUESC.php


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$%ant%! #ots

"uantum dot #en#iti&ed #olar !ell#'"DC#( are third%+eneration

photooltai! dei!e#

emi!ondu!tor #en#iti&er#

7 =ery tunable7 Theoreti!ally in!rea#e

effi!ien!y of #olar !ell# up to

));

P%*lishe in:+vn ,ora"Ser- Sixto Gi!ne- rancisco a*regat"Santiago- 0o*erto G!e- $ing Shen- 1aro 1oyoa- 2%an 3is4%ert50eco!*ination in

$%ant%! #ot Sensitie Solar Cells.Accounts of Chemical Research6778 429;- #O+: 7.76/ar877 6778 )SC

ma+e found at::

http:nanopatent#andinnoation#.blo+#pot.!om200>?11?01?ar!hie.

html


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$%ant%! #ots *o to improe the performan!e and #tability of

"DC#6

Depo#it Cde @uantum dot# on nano#tru!tured

me#oporou# Ti2ele!trode#

ma+e found at: .mrl.u!#b.edu...B9intern#01Aly#on.html

P%*lishe in:+vn ,ora"Ser- Sixto Gi!ne- rancisco a*regat"Santiago- 0o*erto G!e- $ing Shen- 1aro 1oyoa- 2%an 3is4%ert50eco!*ination in

$%ant%! #ot Sensitie Solar Cells.Accounts of Chemical Research6778 429;- #O+: 7.76/ar877 6778 )SC


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#ye"Sensitie Solar Cells

P%*lishe in: Hiroshi +!ahori an 1o!oka% &!eya!a5 J. Phys. Chem. C 6778- < 96;.

#O+: 7.76/?p877@==A

Copyright > 6778 )!erican Che!ical Society


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#SSC 3asics

Thin%film #olar !ell7 Thin3 #andi!h

9le!tron# for moement are proided by thephoto#en#itie dye7 9le!tron# proided by #ili!on ba#e in other !ell#

7 Compare ith preiou#ly demon#trated !ell


11/57+!age fo%n at http://en.wikipeia.org/wiki/#ye"sensitieBsolarBcell- cite Seconary )rticle 6

4a#i! DC 8ayer#:

1. Gla## !oated ithfluorine%doped tin

oide2. Titanium dioide

layer 'n%type#emi!ondu!tor(

$. Buthenium dye

). 9le!trolyte#olution

5. Gla## !oated ithplatinum


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!( Demon#tration of DC !ell

d( Ti


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#SSC Nanostr%ct%re

orou# inter!onne!ted #tru!ture

urfa!e area in!rea#ed 1000 time# hen

!ompared to bul3 material#

Cry#tal# !au#e li+ht%#!atterin+ and

in!rea#e effi!ien!y, but al#o !au#e

ele!tron trappin+ Thi!3ne##, #hape, material all effe!t !ell

effi!ien!y

P%*lishe in: $ifeng hang- Christopher S. #anenea%- Diaoy%an ho%- an G%ohong Cao5Advanced Materials.6778- 6-

=7A@E=7A. #O+: 7.776/a!a.677A7 6778 Wiley"FCH


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En


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a( Dia+ram of !ell ith nanoire#

b( ma+e of nanoire#!( Compari#on of !ell performan!e for ariou# #hape#

and type# of nano#tru!ture#

P%*lishe in: $ifeng hang- Christopher S. #anenea%- Diaoy%an ho%- an G%ohong Cao5Advanced Materials.6778- 6-

=7A@E=7A. #O+: 7.776/a!a.677A7 6778 Wiley"FCH


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#SSC ,oifications

Bepla!e or+ani! ele!trolyte #olution7 =olatile, under+oe# epan#ion and !ontra!tion7 Gel ele!trolyte7 olymer ele!trolyte7 olid or+ani! !ondu!tor7 nor+ani! #emi!ondu!tor

Bepla!e ruthenium dye7 Diffi!ult to produ!e, enironmentally dan+erou#7 r+ani! dye#

7 nor+ani! @uantum dot#

Bepla!e Ti2 layer7 n27 En

P%*lishe in: . ,. Peter5 J. Phys. Chem. C 677@- 9A;. #O+: 7.76/?p787IA*

Copyright > 677@ )!erican Che!ical Society


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#SSC #evelop!ent History

1>>17 Naturepaper by Be+an and Grt&el

7 Fir#t #u++e#tion of or3able DC

200H7 -#e of nanoire# and nanoparti!le#

7 Demon#trated +ood !hemi!al and thermalre#i#tan!e

200I, 200J7 -#e of lo%!o#t or+ani! dye# and #olent%free

ele!trolyte #olution ine#ti+ated

#ye"Sensitie Solar Cell. Wikipeia. http://en.wikipeia.org/wiki/#ye"sensitieBsolarBcell


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#SSC 'fficiency

*i+h !han!e of proton ab#orption and

hi+h !han!e of ele!tron moement

7 >0; "uantum 9ffi!ien!y for +reen li+ht "uantum 9ffi!ien!y%!han!e that one photon ill

!onert one ele!tron

erall effi!ien!y i# 11; or le##,dependin+ on material# of !on#tru!tion



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#SSC S%!!ary

/edium effi!ien!y

8o !o#t

roblem# to be addre##ed:

7 8i@uid ele!trolyte 'free&in+, epandin+,

olatility(

7 oor performan!e in red re+ion of li+ht



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Organic Hy*ri Solar Cells

T 'polythiophene( and other oli+omer# hae better

morpholo+y and optoele!troni! propertie# for

in!rea#ed effi!ien!y

4a#ed on $*T 'poly%$'heylthiophene(( deriatie#

+!age at http://www.iae.kyoto"%.ac.?p/!olec%le/neo"!irai.?pg


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What is an Oligothiophene(

Definition: /ole!ule# in hi!h to or more thiophenerin+# are lin3ed to+ether

Gie# ri#e to many opti!al and ele!tri!al propertie#

#u!h a# fluore#!en!e, #emi!ondu!tan!e, and li+ht

emi##ion

3oth i!ages fo%n at http://www.isof.cnr.it/ppage/capo*/thiof.ht!l


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!heme 1: /e!hani#m of 9!ited tate Dea!tiation of*i+her Generation Thiophene Dendrimer#

P%*lishe in: G%a 0a!akrishna5 )?it 3haskar5 Peter 3a%erle5 1heoore Gooson5 J. Phys. Chem. A 677A- 6- 67A"676.

#O+: 7.76/?p7@7=Ah Copyright > 677A )!erican Che!ical Society


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Why are oligothiophenes i!portant(

*i+hly er#atile !hemi#try

=ery #imple to #ynthe#i&e ba#i! mole!ule#

-#ed in or+ani! li+ht emittin+ diode# '89D#(

Field effe!t tran#i#tor#7 -#e# an ele!tri! !urrent to !ontrol the !ondu!tiity

of !har+e

r+ani! photooltai! and li+ht hare#tin+ dei!e#

'#olar !ell#(


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P


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P1 an P


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Fi+ure 1 /ole!ular #tru!ture# of the ine#ti+ated $D

oli+othiophene dendrimer#.

P%*lishe in: G%a 0a!akrishna5 )?it 3haskar5 Peter 3a%erle5 1heoore Gooson5 J. Phys. Chem. A 677A- 6- 67A"676.

#O+: 7.76/?p7@7=Ah Copyright > 677A )!erican Che!ical Society


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Atomi! #tru!ture in the !a#e of 'a( $*T

ith 2510 atom# and 'b( $*T ith 10

0)0 atom#. *ydro+en atom# hae beenremoed for !larity. /ain !hain# are

#hon in bla!3 and #ide !hain# in +ray.

P%*lishe in: Nena F%k!iroviJ5 in"Wang Wang5 J. Phys. Chem. B 6778-


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What is neee(

r+ani! #olar !ell# hae to main obe!tie#:7 1. They mu#t hae effi!ient e!itation

delo!ali&ation and ener+y tran#fer to be#t mimi!

natural #y#tem# '#u!h a# plant#(

7 2. /u#t be able to !onert #olar ener+y and haelar+e ele!tron mobility propertie# '$*T help#

!on#iderably ith thi#(

P%*lishe in: ,cGehee- ,.5 ,ayer- ).5 Par!er- 2.5 0owell- ,.5 1opinka- ,.5 3%rkhart- G. +!proving Organic Solar

Cells C 677@ Stanfor &niversity


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inc an 1itani%! Oxie Nanoros

imple #olar !ell de#i+n here &in! oide nanorod#

are +ron and a layer of titanium oide i# layered on

tho#e rod#

$*T i# layered oertop the rod# a# the hole%

!ondu!tin+ polymer

i+nifi!antly in!rea#e# the olta+e differen!e a!ro##

the !ell, and !an be epo#ed to atmo#pheri! air to

in!rea#e effi!ien!y




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How can we i!prove(

ne field of !urrent re#ear!h i# to form a me#h of!arbon nanotube# ith a $*T li+ht ab#orbin+ film

The folloin+ #lide# #ho one eperiment from

tanford -nier#ity ith the !urrent and olta+e

a!ro## a #olar !ell




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0es%lts

9ffi!ien!y oer the #y#tem a# nearly triple from

preiou# eperiment#, +oin+ up to $; u#in+ a >5;

tran#parent film oer the top of the !ell

An in!rea#e in the !arbon nanotube den#ity of 20;

re#ulted in a in!rea#e of !ondu!tiity by 15%fold

n!rea#in+ the thi!3ne## of the $*T layer aided

ele!tron tran#fer

Be#ear!h #hould be done to improe the

tran#paren!y of the top film layer to be aboe >5;


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So%rces

,ain )rticle:. Nanotechnology for Next Generation Solar Cells. ra#hant =. Kamat and Geor+e

C. !hat&. J. Phys. Chem. C, 200>.http:pub#.a!#.or+doifull10.1021p>05$IJn6!oo3ieetL1M!itin+

Seconary )rticles:

1. *iro#hi mahori and Tomo3a&u -meyama. DonorNA!!eptor .http:pub#.a!#.or+doiab#10.1021p>00I))J

2. i3ipedia. Dye%#en#iti&ed #olar !ell. http:en.i3ipedia.or+i3iDye%#en#iti&ed?#olar?!ell

$. "ifen+ Ehan+, Chri#topher . Dandeneau, Oiaoyuan Ehou, Guo&hon+ Cao. En.http:$.inter#!ien!e.iley.!om!+i%binfulltet122)>J5JHDFTABT

). eter, 8. /. Chara!teri&ation and modelin+ of dye%#en#iti&ed #olar !ell#. J. Phys.Chem. C 200I. http:d.doi.or+10.1021p0H>05Jb

5. ra#hant =. Kamat. /eetin+ the Clean 9ner+y Demand: 52u

H. Pa#uhiro Ta!hibana, Ka&uya -me3ita, Pa#uhide t#u3a, u#umu Kuabata. Char+eBe!ombination Kineti!# at an in itu Chemi!al 4ath%Depo#ited Cd, 113'1H(, pp HJ527HJ5Jhttp:pub#.a!#.or+doifull10.1021pJ0>0)2&
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jp905378n?cookieSet=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cellhttp://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jp905378n?cookieSet=1


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Group S1 Rebuttal

Most of the comments were positive,which were appreciated.

Of the negative comments, while we agree

with most, the ones we dont agree withwas our shortened introduction. ebelieve that our topic was a continuationof the solar cell discussion !r. Seminario

gave on the "rst da# of class, andtherefore a long introduction was notneeded.

Group


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Group S$%Review of Solar

&echnolog#'hris (e)in

Rachael (ou*Michael +ones


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ositives

Group S1 was the "rst to present, andtherefore had a harder time *nowingwhat to e-pect with the presentation.

(owever, the# presented aprofessional, well organiedpresentation.

/ach presenter was *nowledgeableon their respective areas of the topic,spo*e clearl# and )uentl#.


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0egatives

&he group should ma*e use of themicrophones and vocal proection in orderto be well heard. /ver#thing was ver#2uiet.

Man# of the slides contained onl# wordsand no pictures, ma*ing the presentationless interesting.

Some of the material was a bit moretechnical than most were prepared for. 3bit more introduction would be bene"cial.


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4radford 5ambMichael 6oetting

+ames 6ancewic*

ee* 1 3dditional SlidesSeminar

Group


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e felt S1 should have had moredetailed bac*ground slides towardssolar technolog#.

&he information that the# presentedwas somewhat lost on the audiencebecause it was too detailed without

having a solid bac*ground. &hus, we attached two additional slides

that improve bac*ground *nowledge.

Group


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Solar powered electrical generationrelies on heat engines andphotovoltaics

limited onl# b# human ingenuit# most common wa# is touse solar

panels

assive solar or active solar

Group
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dish_Stirling_Systems_of_SBP_in_Spain.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dish_Stirling_Systems_of_SBP_in_Spain.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dish_Stirling_Systems_of_SBP_in_Spain.JPG


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used to ma*e saline or brac*ish waterpotable

Solar energ# ma# be used in a water

stabiliation pond to treat waste waterwithout chemicals orelectricit#

Group
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Depuradora_de_Lluc.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Depuradora_de_Lluc.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Depuradora_de_Lluc.JPG


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Group S7Review of Solar 'ell

&echnolog#+oshua Moreno

Scott Marwil!anielle Miller

Group


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&hings !one ell

&he group created a ver# nice powerpoint that was full of good visualsand rich information

&he group spo*e ver# clearl# andmade minimal use of words li*e8um.9

&he group presented the material ina fun and interesting wa#.

Group

&hings &hat 0eed


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&hings &hat 0eed:mprovement

&he group needs to tr# to not "t somuch information on ever# slide.&he slides got a bit word# in some

areas. &he group needs to develop the

introduction a little bit more. e felt

li*e it was too short and did a poorob of leading into the material.

Group


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Group 5

radip Rial

+ason Savats*#&revor Seidel5aura ;oung

Group

Group S

Documents

S1 Amy Cornforth Tony Grupp Ana DAlmeida NanoSolar Cells Pres (1)