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1 ., RepN!!J!\&11.,.. 0 ( Qrpa1U\lOU•
n.e .-u. auu- &l"lUJoc,.... u. ...,.,.U Of "J> ... _t&tl~U - 1 - beN 1ft
lat&lllNl - rq ....,.... Oil oNM 18, OOdU..4 1a -lOa I A ...... , Mq\lU'<to ..... h ... Olaboi'&U.M -....
.. YWh lv' llr • ._o ot .a.. Bel>,... llllln1'01C7,
JO::>i>al•, olft4 Ill". lllo .. ,. Kaplan ot Cbe Jlrnoll
AlfOMJ, wUl Noun, I u Coi4, l.ft &441UoMl
,........,..1 Co ""''P~"' t ile offol'\o ot IJir, J&rlu.
U 1a '""17 a4111Uo4 loJ &11, l.fto11141l1C llr. I&Pl.&a,
\hat ed41t1oaal aa&1ot11110e bJ Sop-nttl>l - 4,..1ftll thl.a -J"PMMI' atat be., op_. a•• ,. ,.._ \llroull> fiU1Irq. h ~ .... o&lE, -.... ....
tile .Jirnllh .,_cqo, -• tu NIOilto t o 4ate 'bel'9
oou14 not b&YO l>eoa Mhl.ne4 Wltbollt 1ta ~
aoUW1Ueo, 1alti.&Uft u4 ourtlooa.
!M .Jouc D111rlbuUoll c..mnoo, wbleh r1Sbttllllr ODJOJ• u ...,1olll e t.ft4. pnaoloea rt)lOI\aUoa
--c ..... _ .. , u .. u u l'l'ln•• • pUoauou, baa IHI• ...... u., a 111'0&4 _ ... ot rollel ,_
IoCanbul l.ft tiM 41reoUon of tba li&Uana olft4
coal>'al s-poan -t1'1oo. I"Do4 bao llooa ..,.,
troa "urko7 .. a t1A&Ilo1al &aallll &llOe bao -U4a &Y&lial.lo h• beJOO. In a&l1t1oft, 1C la
proY141Jl4r tlla4o ... , ,.....,. t o t1...,... .a.. 1IVJ.I< ot \luo ..t,v&U.• ot JOYlllh pooplo ,_ Cba llalUae
tbHull> _, t.o Palii.-1M, 1a e441Uoa \0 aat ..
•-• ..a.ue en J'Oilto, 1:-11114 \hat, to 11Po&4• tw\lotr Cbe -po ot hJ.at 111et1'11ouu.en
oo.mn .. aoUrtUee , Ill'. a•w.rt•1 ao ... .,,17 Y1dte4 Iot.u.al 1o t~ olepo to.,........,.
tho Jout »1ocn&.c1011 -U•o ...,,..o.,.\2\ion l.ft Cbet ollJ, 1ft 0- lhal lbe .. ,. ...... _ ..
an4 ftl,.. of thlo _.uaau011 ..,a 1\1 1.&4Upo ..
aal>lo oontr1'1111Uon to roono on4 rel1ot ..,11< oan
1M ll"""'td o\Ul tlanher co l>au J.a \be 1" .. ""'
•era-...,. lill'. S r1 .J••boli.D*J, r epNooDUI\f! tho -~
c~n .. to ..... - Jartob People o t li\II'Opo ....
ur . LOon Dei\Onl>ePC, ropNoonunc tile IDUmatL.aal
~ - repreooatUl"o -· ban ~ \llo poo1Uoa t b&t 1t •• nr H opono!.III.U'T U4 wl.thl.a \be - of 0101' •••~• \o oool'<UAaCO all ol•nco, -"' pooollllo, 1Ml..U.ns \Joe 'baaUo tri.Ap', ut.11o •• to oo llaft - nlll -P"l"••· 'bat •11 at U.. prl• ot a=-: cue boliN of ooato,..... .. , l'OO~JI& 4rt1 .. o, Oi'--on'l .... • 'Ohl.eh 001114 !Ia" """ ·~0714 1A atnrooat .. 1ttor1:o to- • _ot....,U•I &lao. Aa I Yl'l\1 ,,. abo•l, Ill'. lll&rWn t. 811'1'7, Connl ooneral or "'~Uo4 nat oo 11\ l fhnlNl, hu ,..g1ot lro4 a OOIIJ>lalAI rop!'¢1• lrl'leponolblo aoUono ot 111'. Xensnbera:, whiah hAYt et "td. to •balTa:• the tllnotlonlill of 1be Co"""l"''' U 1o not bo7ond \loe boWI4o of poooibi.U\7 tl••• '111 tbo t l.Ju tllil report ,...obeo rou U w1ll bo t o\1114 aooooll!'7 t o llaft taua
•• a.n.t"'l \o f'...VI Oftl 01" both Of t h iN •HpriIOA"t&,lftt• troll •ho eo••· In th1• coaneo~lon u ~ be tcnm4 neoou..,. 10 oall ._ tho !!0&1'4 • IIUJ))>OJ't •
2 . Thl three ph!!''"' I.OOklll& bOOk o.t the o1tu3Uon o.o I f<>UJ14
n u- fltJ' &rri.Yal 1n 1'arlto)" 1n Po b.-....,., 111«, IL!I4 1n ~ 11 1n te~ or ~· •oT•acnt ot aTWDte, 1~ Ia i.,pU..nt tha' YO ban ope.I"G.:t ed, tYin 1n ~h11 brtet perlo4 1~ lhNlo 4ot1ruu S!Moeo . 'be 1ntono1t;r and oontluonoo ot onnt~ pOIIl'll\lf l.nte tblo plYOtal oontw 111 and out ot tbo Daluno, rcn4or the ohpo of _.... .. __ , l.Jop.,...opUl>le tro• doT to doT. But PJ'Oill"'" or a ,_dan ent al. ,_ turo 11> tho llllpl'O,.,>Oill ot the oondl tlon of tho people 1.'1 tho !laliDula, OYon 1nolu41ng IIUJ18lr7 , oan be roeoor4e41
.L, fho f1rat pll&oo, 'IIU.Ob YGO found boJ'O 1D February, wae ooncemod 11'1th lhpor&Q.ticne, execu~1on.a, pel"e~o'llt1orus, &Dd C.oo.~ to thouau4e 1A 41aea.-ri44tlll oupe, where !nll&tle " '" tN.&,e4 below \be """'' of oaJ.aalo . All tbl.o ""'' ~t 1Detbe Balkalla " ' tbot u... II&Jor prouuro waa 41rooted agoln•t tbo aatoll1ta goYorGDonto to OC&II tba11 ruthllll bcrb&r1eaa an4 to break tho botthnoolt tor rtfiiiiM oo011pa . 'l'bo violent and or~anla.a. •xo••••• 1n4.1oato4 a'bove aro now roportod to have alaost oo~lote~ 1 1t not Wll<>ll)", aeae•ct. 'n'bll.• th.l:re ~ be epOro.cUo~t•atatl1on• 1D tb1o dlNot1on., tbo -.nJ.nn IUI4 1114,.r1t.n Oon"""""h ..,\\ t't'OA JfWlii'U7, ao "' caner of pol1q, have o~aed 'ba legal ooaaat~on ot thoae per••~ t 1ona, deporlatlon. And ann1h1lat1one, the •oat OODOl>lOUO\lo o ... plo Of 'Oh1&h .... tbe 'bJ'eAklng \9 of 1he .Ueoue-:nu.n tra•uuo1e1rit.n _., 1n ll&roll, 19U. M r<>pOPted to JOu 1n ..,.1.,uo tou v..,•. 'C:bo ch.Udrttn f:loca t:h1e aa.p Art no~ Bl"''1'Y1fta U>roU;Jh t~D'ko)" into Pa.loo11Do.
lli 'fbe tr1Cikl.o ot retu,aee nacUILtl on free the Biilrano Y1& \be aa.ll 'bo..to trom !IUDlni& aA4 by ra.\l trlltt1o tbro"'l> Bu1pr1& gre• 1n tliO Gti<:"•l!"to a t Olll two 11lto a alnor . ,,....,, >blle th1o .,,..,,.. dr1o4 llj) 4w-1Dg tho 110ntb ot J\Jno, tho 4 .. bo.4 ag;.l.n 'boon bJ'Oit.. l>i)' the 61'!'1 Ya.l of tho throe 'bodo, tbo 81> ~~be~-. 7110 pooMDROr&1
1n Jul¥; - ss ~-· b 8 paue~ra, and tlw 58 Dul.l>ul •1-. p&aOengtl'O 1D AlJ6UUI not of oolll'" tnol1141Dg 1bo trq1o """ oat..otropllo oooaa1n.ned biT 1he &1Jilc1AI( of tbo sa ~o~• to eon,tnue ••~'loa ~ .., , ttpeolall)" f't'ta lh&llpu>l.&, with lJIOl"O&alG« P-" IWJ""e bJ 1ll • '
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11L._ 111 t he Balkan SO'"Il~WIIIlh, p~1oulal'--1T ~v. Cllld ntaaru.a , bel]llll, evan 1.n thalr ~opia, to peroalve the innUAbl• oollnp .. ot t heir OoloaiiWI, thq l>eo&llle • ore ADd moro tractab~e 1n thei r attitude t ova l'<lo their Jniah po~o~uhtl.Ou. a- et tol'ta to pin _ .. , , tor lheir .. n Yiot1a1ae4 o1t.iunrJ be&~Ut t o otter *>l'e p~ ... R'IIIMI11a, tl'Oil all ecoount a , oeaaed a.U tltts.o.J. • • •lllh ot abuae. Wlth tbe hll•oo oooaa101Wd bJ tha 1nooeoant 'boabl.Ai ot ~11111 OGI'It8Pa, tho eoo-1a and aoour1t¥ a1tuat1on tor a lara• eeot1on ot the popt.tlat1on ot tht:t oouni:r.r be-• _...... ~tlllJ vauportAtiAin waa oboU4, bMia1Jig aacl t004 beoaa a probl•· AcoorC1.1.11C17, II» •Jor oonaena ot tlw RWIIIInian QovemmenlO beoue touz-..tolcll l) to retuf.in 1n power; 2) to t 1n4 a 8J"U)etul e.X11 tl'OII the •r1 3) to aaYe~ tha1r neelitaJ and •> t o l&lyage tbelP own popula t i on an4 aoono~. llr thh deflection trotJ the aaU a taoUon and a11eged adYantagea d elq;ll.oU11'18 a looal 1111.norU7, and b7 ? l rtue ot the rep>'eaent .. t1• ne llllde br the Wu Refugee 8o~Uo4 re),)J"eetant a t1Yea l l t a U •e when the Ruman111111 .. ,., ao.~&rohing t or anr •-• ot good-wi.ll Rlld tr1en4-lll\l.p tro111 the Unlt;.C stat .. , 1ihe lllllllli\1 1Ull eaw an opportuftU7 to oapU al1n on tha JeW1ah proM• ol'eate4 br ta-. A rtrt1le oolll4 be •M.e ot JOGetra1Dt. RaYina' 1114t .. tecl t;o tlbe R-iM Cion,.....__ tbat · .. 11.._. .. th hftall eUla n ~ w.ll 'M ·~ 17 eftlut .. • at n. ,. t;pll' tlM - ••• t, t .be R "'MI - te llan ..._ t.u ~~~ 1A t:Mil' ... n 11114 - ... pnlael:r .. 'be •all:lag ahe.pt. •o eal'f'IP t.btlr ~1111 peoJIIIl.lle~~t e.nd to ll ••. atN•• a .,......,_, 11114 1D'e"n 1ft ~ p.robl.• tbe' had ~eah4 1t1 tobelr na llan4a.
At tbla tura ot evonta U beoW!Ie apparent t o 111 thn.t tll4 lloa rd' a JU'08X'UI allould be r *'>rlfltl'tod ~ 101ae lltlf.aur. by att•;)'Ung t;o b ring the govel'IIIQante t o t bo polnt o.f r 61nat .. ung, :Mho.b1l11mt1ng, aacl reoonat1tuUJ18 'the1:!' own Jonah o1U.r.enc J'a thor t han t o a tt.,jjl;~t 1:0 °110'nl heaven 11.:14 ear~ • to 1ncl.ruae t he n1Utullt eua U exodu~ !'ror.a Cll\ob. co1m tl,7. l!'.lrth• rmorc, 1\8 t bll ~<ll.r 1 ll rmd aeeoed to approll.Ch, t !-.c problums Whl o:, would be ocoae.! oned br t llou3b-nda ot etranee ;:>eoplc dri ven 'o atrMge lnnda e~emed t o becooe a ~~otor tor oonu1dur at1on.
The policy, ~arotore, ot .:t to11pt1ng to lnduce t neae govnl'!menta to re-eetabllllh their O'llll o1 u,. &On..""1 on n aolld and normal ba.a1s trAo ono 'Wb.J.cb I 1ntl'Udl.laod.
In 8ulpr1a, tor example, t ill! r lllliA1n1ng o4.5, 000 .rewleh poopulr.t1on, 1t N1notatoll t o tull olt.ben··b.\p, could bncofle Nlh&b1l1t ut od 1n 1t~ o"''\ li.Uld.
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81noo U 1s repor ted lib&t thoro ill plant;r ot food 1n .llu.\prl.& and t he Jonah popula;1on, Y1~uc.ll7 pQupor1aed b7 'ho ant~ow1ah lawa, oould bo tod And rohab111ta ted 1t uutt1c1ent tun4a t hsretore oould be I!W.de unUa!llo, it ::D.ll therefore IIUIJ8Uh4 111U'ou.gb Bal&balloft t!ut our Oo'ftlrnaen' r equired a) tho 11El1el11ah l"eY00&111on ot lObo anU-J'.,.1eh lawa, and b) th• tao111.t4t1on ot all t oobn1oal a oaauro aeooaa~ tor tno om1grlt1on ot buoso onl)' who volUAtflrUy w1ahed t o lenYe B\llga.ria D.t Ch1o t 11M. CODaaqllentl)' 1 1 adv1aecl B&l.abl\nott tb.<t althou.gb t he Unlhd Statu Gonn~t~ent expeoted that U\e Bulpr1nn Ooftl'NMnt wod4 take etopa to f ofld and rehAb1l1tut o l ta im»>Vor1•~d .Jewteh pe~atlon, the aoe1atanco ot priYnto rel1et or~an1&&111one or the 11ar llet'llg1io Bclllrd would be 11ade a va UDble to the extMt tea tlble.
n llllltt be bome 1ft aiJid here t hat thAt ilulgo.r1a.n ant1-Jewi ab l4we uere 1ntruduce4 b,)' tho l:lul gar1An l'uU uent at a time when U -• dolllitl<l.;od by N&&l fiPliiJ)Athi&llrt. An approoUblo nUIIbC!r o t thoa e m•bers at1.ll roaain 1n tlwl I'IIWlllWmt, a l t boush thAt B&81'7&DOY GovertVJent 1a tl\klng at epa to dilute the1r power. At tbe sao a tlllla , 1t will be neoesaary tor tbe P~~l1~ent to ~svoko the t·.m aforeoa10. lawa. Bagryanov doee not enJo7 tho power ot decree . At thh writlna b6 1& atruggl1n«1 ~1th acne aucoeaa , to euta~lieb uorA firmlJ fila poe1t1on aa loader ot ~ gova~ent ot national preeerY&tl on, still, howeYer, no~nallY aquoesed wl t hin tho Axla r 1a.
In thiS oc.nneo~1on I l.IAvo 11 Uu&tpted to l.npl."' .. U)>Vft the llag1'7&nOV Qo,arnmont the pot ant14J. o.d~ va.n~s 1n buil ding (,"'od- • 111 tllrou.gb \be •opell door~ ~or emigra111.on or t l'&IIB&igl'a:U on wh!.oh. I baYe otte1-od thom, oonnoctod with t!le lloard ' a rcacuo pl'O[lJ'WII, Ill IOYCral of tq ta.ll:.s ldth D.,lab;.not~ o he 1Dtrochwad t ha aub Jeot of tho .l)l'ao:u-1oua ,~u ln vhlc h 1118 oountrr now t o\Uid 1teelt. no ao..td , 1.n arrac~, that 9of1a 15 ~lmo~t coQPlo~olY deatroye4 • .Bult(i11'141 a 111111ber Oll8 ;~robloc iJl t o IS' .. Yo itself troa deat1tut1.on and ool l a»ao; tho ba~t ot Dulgarl a t a econotDT 1s 1n 5ot1a, CUid tl1o regular lito ot the oountry ha• oeaoed.
n ahoul4 not bo 1Jltertoed tl·= tho ll.bove that U 1a our 1Dtent1oll to rolent tor a mcmont 111 our ettorta t o evaQU&'O paraooutod people who w1ab to leaYD tbe B&lltana 11¥ 1/J.l pou1ble •euns. \'hare D.l'e at1ll thouanDde Who OI'&YO reeoue , eopeoinl]¥ tro:a H~r.vl the ohildren fl~m rranan1utr1a oonot l tute an 1t1tlad1a.te proble:a. ? lu l:loa rd can bll aoourf>d that All AV!Ul.able tttorta And rouourooe ..ru buln~; d1-~ote4 to the t~ and laet pbaae 4e•or1bed nboYe,
, , ' $ .,... .,,,
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bhlbU A:
ib<hlbH B:
Ex111'bU C:
hhl'bU II:
&.hibU £:
ExhibU F:
bhibU 0:
E:lllibU B:
&xb1b1t I:
l:zlllbU J:
&xh1l>U ll :
Exh1b1t L:
Ex.hlbU H:
Exhibit O:
i:xh1b lt P:
•eew vr ciJIIBI%8
!Wport troa llr. IN A. B1ro-..n, Repre•eU\1Ye ot the War ~1'\lgee 8ou4,
to Mr. John Pehle~ xz .. ut1YI Direet or ot tho War Xof'I1Coo llo•Nt.
Boptlli'bu U, l tiU
MlDu\•• ot an lntoraal W.e\lnc ac. Ot Repr•eenta t1•••
ot Fel1et Oraan1aat 1ona 1n l eta.bal, lul7 10,1144 .
111nuho ot an Intorll&l ... tlJII ot U.o 0poNt1111 Group
ot Rollot Orsoaiaationo, lulJ 1?, 1844.
Orcan1aat1oo Reprooontat 1•oo iac&Jo4 16 Roliot an4
Reaoue Mt1n :•1•• 1,n Ietau:Wl, ~ul7 10, 1..._..
C.isra•s.on 8tat 1et1oal ~1a, IADU&k'f-Jun• lH4..
Jta.rajmru e of !elt~Na 11111: to • •ahlaCton • • Cal:aaeaT' 1
1218, Ju}T e, l eu.
~.14&1:1oaa reoe1Yed Jul7 13, l.N4. 1 troa Mr. Al. Ore,a1&Dw.
OoP7 or folog...,. ar.h4 Ju}T 181. ltiU, a44reuo4 to
RU&~A1.an !.e«at1on, !A•bCI'l, b~ M1ha1 AntoneeO\I..
Letter to kr. Zle•u, lul1 21, 10...
Ueaoran4UII ot Oon·•erft&tlon h~l4 1f'1th Dr . Bl ack ,
Ju}T 21, ltiU.
Let t er to Dr . Blaot, .h\lgU!t 1, li44.
0o•p.oa1t1on. of txah-.DCt Orot.tp whioh Art'1Yt4 1n
Iot anbul. lulJ e, 1H4.
Peraona frho Arr1'f'ed 1n Trenelt 1n I1tanbul f'l"• Bulgaria, January-June 1144.
Part I 1 Sur• 07 or t..,to Part III ~Not tr<>• OopooU1on or ~ SlonkiaA ., ..... Part Ill: Roport ot a HW~Sari.An lleporte4 Woll&n
ti"OII the E.a\erw.ln.&tl.oD.C.aap. ~
Ediot ot the Hungar1an 0o•ernat ftt 1 Julr 18, 1~•·
NuBU" ot I .llllil1s 'N.Ata to Pale1t1ne tr• Turk•7•
lanu .. r-Ju:ne, 1N4..
Copy ot telegrnlll troo Br1 t1eh Eebaeey Angora
t o Foro1gn Ottl.oe, London , dated 9t h luguat, ii44.
-.uatoo or .. Iato..-1 .. otl.Jit bold oa &0114a7, 1•11 10, ·a.•, ·
at tho off1oo of th o o.w.l. lo\&nbal, of Roprooontat1Too of Rol1of 6rslft1aat1ooo 1n Iotanbul
!hooo prooont : • I, A, Rl.ro......,, llerbort C. tilt~. Cbala llarlai,
Jooopb ~. Rwb• Roa..U1 IAI4w1a laotGw I<Uour loplu, llar17 'Uolh lr1 laboUnatJ, IaCIIt 111VUJ., t- llac'uo .looT llohiad, buu lebwohoor, 1 , Clold.a, laooll Gr1t tol, Jo .. !'l SehwaJ"'ta, WGD DM•Hrc, Leder , IIU-ob1a a. ... n, Moaht A•erKih, .llllba l.ertaOIQ'.
!b.t •••'lAC .... oall .. to oMer a-t 4 t4& p.a. b7 Mr. I. •· R.lre~, u r ev•••' • '-1•• ot the War kehc•• Bo&r4-.
At \llo oahot, a... R1raoluoun o:r:plA1no4 that tho .,uro aeet1q ••• latoraal &D4 ott the reoord, Md reqveet e4 thtlt no report• be aa4t b7 the reprtttatat1••• ot the r ••P••'1•t orsuha\10111 t o tbo1r boa4 ott1ooo uaUl n ob t1ao u a.r1111to aoooapllahaea\a o.oul4 bt reported .•
a... 111roobloallla a:r:pla1no4 \hat bo bad oolla4 t ho aoouac purouaal to "'1111\10111 •41"111 -ua40r lto1obor4t at ., 1.Dto..&l laaobtcm oonftNMt, wblah ht U'I"ADCtd 1n Ankara on lu,lJ 21 1M4 . A n•bor of poopb now JlrooODt bad 11kowho bo ... p~II ID~ at ~11&4oP lte lah&rAt'• lUDoheon.
For the b.oetlt ot thoee Wb.o were not th.t:re OD .lu l,J 2 , .... R1roabooann roeap1t.lato4 llr1otl1 ooao of tbo thlJICo ocnoarlllJIC • hioh 1ibt ..._,, a4or h lilll 1pokaa 'to the orcu1aat·lon Npree•t:.at1••• · !he ....... ctor urst 4 tba' the r elief orca a1&at1onl ooor41DI& e tbo1r ifforto for tbo rooo•111c of porooovh4 ~ooploo. ln4op0114•t aoUon, ouob • • ooapoU Un bl.44111s for ab1~ 1 111dopon4ont doaaroboo wl tb Y&J"lou6 a utbor1t1el w1 tbout: repl"4 t o wnat ot her·• •1Cht haYt 4oao boforo, oontl1ot1JIC riJIOrh &114 proJooh 1 all aa4o TOJ"J 41.ff1oall tno • orll o f Ule - .. , 1ll n o rolaUODobJ.Ja w1tb tbo 11141•1411al O"Cift1&aUou, •1tb •a.o~W~c••• and with ott1o1olo 111 !'orl<or . All thlo bod .,. ottoot ~lacoou to tflooo wboa tfio ln'tNl qcoltl triM to ....... !he AUaeN4or bad, therefore, ouccooto4 tho\ t ho worl< bt tho or!~!aaliona,all of wb1oh • • • 41rooto4 to tho oaao 01141 bo ooor h d, porbapo th roup tho ootalll1.-al of a o-••o• u- willa~~ woul4 llo roprooollh4 all tbo acono1ao 111 hrur "::f: 1a 1'01'ac•o rollot worlt , llowon!'L ' rooopUI.ftc lb&l oub a noo fi1C'>t llo \oo la"Co and uno~,
tho Aabuoa40r bo4 naoolod, fvtbar, that a ...U.r oporat~ •-1noo be oroato<l 11h1ob woal4 bo r eo-a1blo f or tbo uoGl U oo of the 4&7-M-d.at work 1AY01Ye4 1A the ree n e &4 Pellet I)J'GICI'UII•
'l'ho Allba.ooa4N' aloo pro-o4 \bat llotb ooaa1Uo• ope,.. to u4or tho' lta4orobJ.p of tbo War Rotacot lloar4 1114 Uo 1-.lol ,..._Oiltat1To, JtJ'. 11J"eo.bMan. 1
la aoeordaate wlth the AaN.al&dor' a 1\tCBII'UOa, Mr. 8.1no-..u ba.4 oallo4 lo4oJ' • aootlJIC totolbar. hrlboraoro, h o • 1iho4 to
'~' &4TaAt.ac't of tht prea ... e .1a Ia\aftkl o.t D-r. Maa:•••• · Dr., Sobwarta u 4 Mr. l.apl.AD, &-11 of 1dlo. bacl b ad w14e txptr1ta.ot,
and • holt Judg .. D' and a4Y1ot would be • o• t helptul . I '
~,...~,,...~ .. ~~ • - - ~. ~!Jr .. , AA4 17-.pathe tlo
tattrt e' ot lht Ua1te4 , ...,,,, OeYe.rtmeat 1A rt.:hltt r.•••• ut1rtt.1ee . *loll bad bo• ox-Ut1o4 1a pv1 Ulrouch lho oruu ... ot lho .,..,. Refill .. Baud, IIJo, Hs.ro-.... ba4 bo• ooll1 t o 'l'arlto7 b7 ~• Boor<~ bOth to lm1\1ate ~•••~• proJeeca an4 to aa t ltt t~ -ceno1tt a i.J'oa47 1A ~• th14 1A 1booo proc- "llin *1ob ~•7 woro worllnc. Ho roturo4 to ~. """ ..,o 1a *loll Cho Joal'4 oaa b o bolpt'ol to the prh·att aceaoltt, aa4 oa.llM a:poa th• to .U:t 11.11 ot h1.a to Ult talloo1 oxta1 ...,,,.. bU aU and -t or tbo lloar4 alP' 1>. or aao1o\aaoe. Ro br1otl.T ft111ao4 U.o pro'lol- 1A lotaalNl ud au.ob.erttt, tbe•potnt of ortal.a ot-.... ot Ult rehettt now pqtlDI , ...... ...,. t'vlt07. IUI4 tba aoio4 tor o.aoouo .. tl'aa ~. noor •• 10 ~o ..,. .. .,. 1n whloh tho work 1n both oonhr o 111ch1 bo ooOJ'<Ilnato4
1.a ord.t r to MhltTt ..s::la• retult •·
Dr. llapoo o\atod that ho bad' otu41od Ulo olnaUoll 1D furko7 at tlrtt bat4 tor a n__., o·t 4&Tt, &n4 h.a4 epo~ with a sreat ..., people. Be felt 1hat , alUl«NC:h Ultrt ..., be r oc- tor 1appo~•t 1D
t .bt wort up to t h 1e po1at, it ••• W'1.8t f or All to wi thhold. Ju4pta1 ~t the praetftt t tao. It 1e ' h1t own fttl1DC, ho•~•r, that aoooaplllh~ ••••• ba•t b e1111 Yer"7 areat, an4 the wort ot the orcan1&at1ona ••J"J' .. .., boUer than h o had boon lod to axpoot. Dr. JlacDoa t~ outl1aod br1otl.7 wba1 ba bad lo&M>o4 <IW'I.D( hl.o 'OUlouo oon ... roaUODI ' o-...u.c \bo pooU1oa ot Jow1oh -lo 1a \be BalltaD oo,..11'1h, an4 aDb&al&od tho aoopo ot tho -b~ tlhleh, 1a h1o op1DJ.OD, ucle a11 the .ore n .... ..,.,. ooeo.-te d. aatloa oa tha ~ of the rol1ot OJ'C&D1a&t1oao. lo roo-all4o4, t h oro toro, that ~~ rop>'paanta,1••• ot tbt Y&r1oua oraa.n.1a.at1ona fora theual••• i nto an a4Y1aorr o~ttat whloh wo~14 •••' troa ttMe to tlaa to report, a4Y1oo ODd OliQOOt pr~ ODd plano or aoUoa \o a o.Ulor an1..,•
o-s.\!:~i to h o oroa\041 .rhloh' ..-14 ooaduo\ tho 4&7- \o-4&7 work , ~ t ar c~l''"• llftn'-r, a.-4 aot taka 1utruot1ou trca tho larcll' a4Yl.o0l'7 o-s.Uoo, althoup bol"' p14o4 b7 u . Bo aoltod ,.,.. DO<rd1nat10D all4 oooporauon boh1n4 tho Wa r llotacoo -1'<1 ODd ll:r. R1roohaaan. CoaoirDln& tho 41ot~1lNHOt> of plaooo on t~
boata ooa1DI troa Ruaaala, h o ousseotod •• a oolutlon t6 tho probl- 1n Baobaroot that the paoo-oro bo doolp&to4 aoaa-.lullt b7 tho 1S....1ot r opl'eo•tau ... , •d ..... halt '117 OD apo11hoal pvaoa.
Dr, ISohlrorta otatod U.at UlOIII!ht ' ohould 1>. g 1Yoll at \blo a eat1ag to the aaohan1ot to ba aet up, and not to tba 4ta~gnat1on ot raapona1b111t1ta. He a,rae4 with what ~. Maine• had aa1d! but ' 414 ao\ llka the oo.notpt ot an a4't'1tOI"J OOIUI1\tae. In hla op ruon, there ahould b t Ctnt:ral 4UOU11 10U ad 1nttrohi.Jt«t Of 1Atorut10n &ad Yla .. aaoG1 the a1.n«1 rtpreaenl&C1Ytl 1 b•t t ha re,raeentatl'f'tt obo"l4 Dot b o 11'70\alllsod 1ato I torN1 odw1o01'7 gro11p. Ro prafur a4 that .. .,.,..._hl.as be 4cee oa u. l nloraal be.a ll. Dr. !-eb•art& thte u 4e the tollowtag suge t tlODII
1) Tho roprooontat1Yo or tho War llofi&Coo Board ohOIU4 oall the people tose'-her •btn4Yel" be "blJik• "tbeJ aboul4 •••', or when tbalr &4rtoe 11 neoeaM.17. He po1att4 ovt thal: 1101"1 t oNal OI'IIDhaUOD • lab\ ronJ.t 1a o-lloe11CIOlO &r1oi.JII out ot t bo toot that a n.-ber of ' \he r qJ" .. e.nt&t19M b ela« hl.eatll\lan, ••r• Br111ob .. bJooto, ID4 o-~•11.7 1t 111&h1 bo -.....ooi.JII t<>r ,.._
~ rfiiCIW ~~~ nte ~ CL~ ~
1 ...... .., ........ ~ vp , •• olotel1 w1th &A .Aaer14u oraaataa:uoa, __ tho .,.,. lloflll•• Boanl. !holJo IIUOM a1&bt llo oonotno4 •• boUIIJ nbJMt to Morloan oootrol.
I) "'' Jo1J>\ D1otrUoaUOD o-1noo oooal4 DOt torMll.T u. ltetlf up wlth a •1xe4 ~oup, whlob 1Dolu4e4 aceao1tt 1ntereate4 not oDlJ ln r ellet , but alto ln poll~loal work. !bt JDO 11 non. polU1oal 1n ahat.otar, &D4 11 ll\\aroho4 ool• 1il h....,.Uari&a work. !bertfot't, 1' <t Dot ... , t o 1_nor ou lt, 'beooae lATOlYM la polltloal _,,_.,. How«tr, t be Jw wou14 bt .,.,..,. baPP7 to aMt with rep.,..tmt&tl••• or &QT OI"'U.la.atloa t lth• at the oall ot Ill"., Hlrtoh.ama or at \bat of tht other orga.nlcatlou lt 'ChQ' Ull.bk lt 4tt1rablt .
Ht rto~tn4e4, Uatrttore, that tbt eaal.l weJ'IUDC e-..ltttt lilt M4t up ot the repr•••tatl••• ot •eaoltt t t'fMtl••lT won1A& la tbt t1e14 ot retnl.n« peol)l ;• or tbt r tUtf or p eople 1n oooupl~ oOillltr1oo: fho IDO w ul4 llo "'1'7 sla4 to p&l't1o1po.h 11\ oi&Oh a o~•lttte, pro•1de4 1tt aat,-up were attlefaotor.r to lt. At Dr. 8a.hwarta taw 1t, the wor t 1D letanbDl 41Y14td 1teelf lnto three eeotloftal
'the reacnae of people 'b7 proY141.DS 'tr&DipO.rt&tlon. !ho Nllot ot pooplo 1n oooup1o4 .,. ... • Prvoi41Df tor reoouod people wh1lo 11\ t..nolt throush 'ur1<o7.
Be auaeett4 tbat the .-.ller «-1ttee he M4t u.p ot • reprea•tailYet ot tbt Jnieb JC.-~1 t he JDO, and 1 elnor11:;J1 JI"'Upl , eYo though their pt.rtioip&t ion 1n Vlt wort il tMll 'btMUII tht7 &l"e ntTerthelttl intereet~. Ht t~Rette4 a working oo .. lttee of a aax~ or t1Ye people, keeping the nu.'btr ... 11 tor the take of g o\tlDS thlngo dono.
Kr. lapl&D oppote4 \he oonoeptloa ot u &4rtt01"7 o~t tee;and. ~ought tb&t auoh a1etinge thoul4 'be 1n the tor. of oonte~DOiti ao .ore oloe1l7 charaote:rir.lrtg their work. Ot oburte, the J)r1Aoip e ot all tbe organir.at1ont 11 to t&Yt •• manr peopJ• •• pott1'ble, ao4 the tunotion ot the oonterenoe would be to put worta'blt 14eat bef ore the • &roup. He touched br1et17 oA the .. tter of the ttleot1oo of ..tar&ntt, and po1Dtt4 out tbat to-t ot U:l.t orp.Di&atlou, tlloh at the lHUh ,\glft07 han r .. pona1111UU• to611'4 Palutll\o 'Ohloh au t gu141 tb• 1D ~ teleot1ont. !here.tort, \b.la que•tloa c.aanot lN rtCU4ed •• a tUple one. He reoa.aeeded that dl.lntt1on.a tor the s..apr•••ent ani trpant1on ot the wor t be taken up ~ec11ate17 a tter to4a,y e aeetlnc and. tbat the organ1&at1ooa 1ntenalt7 their ottorte.
llr. Bal'lu aDSIIIto4 oauun& all 41oouu~o,.. hanac to dO wuh the reta«ee poe1t1oft 1n BQobaroet, &ad that thl e ... tine ahovld oont1De lteel,t to the gueat 1oa of orcan1&at1on. Re \1\0Uf:b.t that t h e tar Rtfu&tt Board. 1h~ld oall ••et 1ng1 ot repreeentetlvee whtn .. er three oraan1&&t1ona requettt4 th ...
llr. JaboUftlliT otato4 t hat ho ha4 bun otud7ias tho o1\oa&Uoo tu upwordo ot two aontho &D4 \hat dl&r1ac thh par104 b o ha4 Udartakon n o proJeote at all. In b la op1D16n the oooper.t1oa. offered 'b7 t he ~ ._,rioa.n 14Mtl7 baO be.s sood., and. he expreeeed. hi a ex'J)Htat1on that, J
wU:b tbe preaeue of llr. R1J"aellaann, the OOO'PIII"&tloa. u1en4e4 thl-OQ&b the &tlb&tl7 an4 other ohaanel.1 w111 be "~'better. Be alao th.ou.pt that \be reaou wor*.'' 40De b7 lle1ara. lob1.A4 AyeJ'bu.oh: aa4 oeh-..e whoa bo aOilUono4 b)' nuo"ba4 boen uoollan,. Ao tbought, bownor, tb&t the queat1on of the d11tribut1oD ot plaoee on boat1 oannot be ~be aubJtot ot d1aouea1on, •• th1a 1a related t o that ot r aapoa.1b111t7 t ... 4ohN1lll.Da wb.o lo or wbo 1o ..,, ouUol>lo -torlal tor l'alootino. He tbough' 1t l.llportont \hat, 1n ooUilllf up tbo oullor oou1Uoo, due r••Nl abou.l4 be h&4 tozo aaa1et1nl no~ftleb retuc••• · He ••• sled the SJ"'QP ha4 aet, 11M1 it bro\~Cbt the r el1et u4 reaeue wol"k Ub4er United State~ Oo.~t aueploea.
At th1a :P01Dt , Wr. Mire~ 1D reaponae to a queet1oa 4.et1ae4 the purpoae of the two p~ae4 oo.att teea •• follow: the larser sroup woul4 be l.ntorut1Ye, u4 the .. ,. ller group would aake operatlq dea.e1ona.
ll.r. D•enbers w&a ot the op1n1oA that the tS.ae b.e4 &rr1Te4 when all the organ1&at1ona lhoul4 oooperate &n. work ~Oftther, and 'hat eYe:rrone eho1al4 partl.o1pate 1n the work, &T0141• •onopol.T. •
llr. X.pl&n ouneote4 tb&t llr. B1rooha0ftll aoouae tb& roopono1b111t7 for 4oo~'ink the oullor oporat1ng o ... 1ttoo, t o oonalat ot Up to t1YI PII"IOU, not OOUD't1Dg llr. H1r-eohaaDA, wbO wolll.4 oorn oo obal.run. 'l'bo ••tillc UIW11..,uol.7 oooJ1Pto4 tbio propoaal .
Mr. Blreoha&DA aooepte4 thle reapona1b111t7, ••7lat t hat be wlll 4ealanate a ooaalttee a"er toll ~ouea1ona w1tb t hoee pr e1ent.
'l'bo • ••Ung no a4Journo4 at 8116.
Borbort Xahki
J
Ulllaha of an l nt'OMial Me~lnl ot the Opara'lnfr Group ot Rel1et Oraan1aat1ona
held at the Allartoan Ooneulau, latan'bul Jul)' 17, l~.
Tho .. pre .. ntl I . A. H1raohllann, RePlle:rt ' latllk1, tor l'iar l<etua .. Board1 Joseph 8ohwarta and lleuben RaanU:, Aailrloan J'olnt D1atr1'buUon uOIUIJ.theJ Elleaer Kaplan, 'Ohala Barl.&a, end Jan Soh1n4 J'aw1eh AgenOTI DaY14 Bohwaltaer, Hlaa-loa tmatsratlon Aaeoo1a\1on.
The aeet1ng •• oal.led to OJ'der 'b)' 'llr . IJ1r allhaann at •Ul6 p.a. He welooaed the repr .. entat1Y .. pre .. n,, Wld etatad that be h not r eca rd1ng ' thou pr811ent aa torai~~g either a t or-l or 1nforaal. ooaa1ttee 'but h1e onl7 da1l re 111 t o ~et ..-t dona: and the ' oharaoter!aauon of the aeet1nge , of wh1oh tbte •• the flret , oan 'be dtYelapod later.
Rg1a, Ur , 8oh1n4 a <IY18ed the group that there ar e et111 three ish boats nt Oonetnnu., and the B'i~11~ a Gr eek boat, wal t 1118 t o oal'J')' ratugeee troa Conetanaa 10o • an ul. '!.'he laat newt he h&a wae to t h e etfeot that the !larf¥~ ha11 penal ... 1on to oarr7 people froa Oonetanr.a a nd 111 now awa the oOIIpletlon of eoae teohnloal detail a 'before Ulldal'tak1118 1 tiJ YOJ&ge . The three 'rurlt1eh boate are reatlT to leaYe at a n)' tiae, ' but 1n a4A1 tlon t here •.re three Bulgarian 'boah 1n Vama l. the llilea~ the !Ua. and the .f1rln, 'llh1ob 1Uew1u can b tt eent rr011 Varna o Conifiiiie to aal'l')' peop!'e to Istanbul, The !lila' han det1n1 h peralnlon to go to Conetanr.a tor t bie purpoaa. The que11Uon nn arhea ae to "hetber or not all)' ot the thrwe 'boflte aboul.d be aent to Constanr.a to be kept there 1n the eYont that ~igr.tlon aga1nbtoa.ila poee1ble . tn hh op1n1on, tho !!1lA& abould 'be aent to Conetan&ai lead~~g the other two 'boate a~ t o oarrr ratugeee t~ Bu gar-1a, ah oul4 tbh 'beooaa pon1'ble. It " a' h1a Ylew tlult , b110a6.ea of the repor t ed unoa:-taln pol1t1aal a1tuAt1on ln nu.anta, 1t atght be · well to c oncentrate tharo the tarseat nuaber of aYalla'ble boata, ' to IIOYe peopl e •• rap1dl7 1111 oppol'tunl t)' ~forded. In 8117 eYeflt, IYen 1t • lgratlon tv aea troa Bulgaria ah oul4 'beo011e ponl'ble 1t eoul d take ee• eral weeka b efore ai'reng~ante 'oould be .. de ~or f1lllng two· boat. , eo that the t h ird, the ~ oould b e spared, In addition, the' ahlpPlnC altuatlon 1ft !lu~ h not ae &Oilte • • U la 1n R-1•t. alnee t here' 1e a nuabar of ... u boah going to Vama eaah week rroa Istanbul , to oar!')' ae:rcbandlae to Bulgaria.
l.lr , lia.plan etated that tharo .,..n ea-111 d1tt1oult 7 w1tb resard to the mf'h• llr. Boblnd and bh fl'lenda a&)' that the departure ot the boa h dependent onq l1p011 the prapardlon ot pa.eeenger llah . Aocordlrlg t o Mr. Z1uu1 1t 1a not pefll'ble for the fvrnt• to leaYe' at all , J.tr. Xt>.plan nata4 th11t two aablea had b een e en t o Zueu, atat 1ng that the ~mit 11111 t eail, an4 1nd1oat1ng thflt perbapa lt .tuht be a4Y1eab~to oonditlon &117 d1aouae1one o onoe.rn1nt; the RUII8ll1an boata upon thl! departure of the ~h· He aeked whether 1t "ould 'be poaal'blt , tbroCtgh t'l' .. h aham, t o ' deteralne what 1& holding up the ~l:ftt o , eit her threugh 1-'l.lderaann, or t hrousb ohannel o aYa1lable to ~ raohaann . It ehoul4 alao be det eJ'IIlned 11beth11r t ho d1101lea1on of J'!aa•nSan boah hu an7 r aallt)' or whether the ent1N d11ouu1on 1a .. thout tound&Unn.
In lb-. llah1n41 1 oplllloa, Nil\ aooor4111C to t.nto~.aatloa ho haa, t.t wollld tako at loaet he acntha to put ~ho ~len lh1pa 1n pbraloal oon41tloA to aa11 to Iatanbul.
llr. Roan1k ahhd that 1t 11 poan1'blo to elinA ad41Uonal Turt11h bosh 41rootl7 t roa X.v.nbul to Rwunt.e, and I\IIIJMto4 that pofotulpe th1 TIU'td1h 111A1ahr, Who had Ju.t rotum.CS t o Ruaanla , algbt be helptul. H1 torHIII no 41ttt.ou1Ue~ 1n ob te1n1ng the neoou&J')' TurlthQPor a1h tv tho boah t o so dlrMtl7 t o Oonot&JU&. luoh boah oould b o aa4o anll.allh t h roup the e .. o oh&mela u ro tltoao now b oinc 111-.t.
D1eou .. 1on then onauoc1 u to tho poroOA or qenOT reapon1lble tor the t1llill8 ot the ablpl ln Oone\anaa. The 41eou .. 1on de\'eloped that 1t was ent1relT unclear •• t o whether t h le repbnelbll1tT l&T w1th Z1eau, t h & ftuaan1an Government, b oth toset her i or w1th tho Ol'&anhat1on Orat , wh1oh hal proparo4 tho boate wh oh thue tar haYo o~ troa Oonetanaa.
llr. ltaplan roporte4 that Z1uu etahe erpllolfr and J'llde~ 1A J)IIJ't · that , ~hr tho throe 'l'UJ1t1ah boota no• 1n Oonetazua ha4 lett • 01117 Rla&n1&A ablpa- bo uo.CS tor Oll"'71A/' r etuso ...
Dhouu1on wu then had aa to the ac\Y1eabll1tT of eotlcUne: ad41t1onal Turkllh boate ~o Oonstanaa at the preeent ttao, dup1t o Zh s u' a Aeuaa .. oonoll'lllnf; niiiUIIlan ehl-pa , on the g rounc\e that t he aotuel -proeenoe ot at\41\lonal boah 111ght exert entt1o11nt prueure to Altke them aooo-ptablo tor uae. llo deoh1on - • t a ken u t o thlll . 'l'he qut~atlon then aroee a n to the aanner 1n whloh pJ·ee oure n1ght bl! ap-plied on Z1eau to r eaove · totlateYer .-etaol el he a&T b e oreat1na to the IIO'I'•ct ot the ah1pe 1f, U..S.o4 h11 11 or eat1ng &nT· 1111 . Ira-plan atated tfwlt he wlli wrlte a ati"'OIjit letter t o ur . Z1ttu on tho aubJoo~A ot wh1oh a COPT w1ll be aado anUable to llr . 111roahaalln. llr. H1re~n would oone1der wh •thor or not , and b7 what mo&M, lilt would att0111>t the aaao thJ.na.
ll.r . Hlreohunn roporto4 that he h&4 .d-1 U t!D to Oh&J'I(O 4 ' Atra1r ea Iollar oonoernlns the '1'u.l1thh ahl p l!nt,Aelf• wh1oh oould ro to Oonotanza 1t 'turlt1aJJ pera1u1on ware J•eo e Yeti. . He had aakt<l Wr. lell e)' to follow t h h up wUh t h.tt P'oro1gn Otfloe . It W&B <leo 1dod thet r.tr . Ba r lan und llr. Rean1olt should aako 1nqu1l')' 1nto 1ihe g onoral qu u U on ot aenc\1118 further ~lab ah1pe troa Istanbul to Oonatanaa wl th '1urk1nh po!.'ll1etlon.
!!ul~1a. llr . Soh1nc1 lllllllfttlted that · ttope b o t&.ken to arranao t or the re eau ot peoplll now 1n Bu}Car1&, ot whoa a ' l ara• nuabor are r oad)" to 4eJ)I~ t tor tr.neport bT aoa t o X.tMblll , 1n t no u .. aanner aa do t hoo11 oo111n« f1ere troa Ruaan1a. furltlah boate a ro aYaUable t or t h ll! purpoae , a1noo OO'f'!IJ•al go t o Bulaarla oaah ... '11: w1 t h oargo .
Ur . Kaplan' a 1ntor.at1on 1e t h11t Bulcarla deoa n ot oppou t ho oxJ.t ot Jew11h pooplo, 'but ~v.t 1t oppoera that tho ful'lthh oontul !we boon obetruoUng lt. He IIICJOOh<l thai Wr. H1raobaann baTe tho Turlt1ah Por e1gn Ottioo 1ntora the Oonaulato 1n Bulaar1a
\hat ~. Tul1l1eb OOY.,.,...., 11 r••OJ w oloae 1\t .,., t o \he t aot
\he\ ~lt ...,.11'0 li!r oblp \0 fw'ktr1 en r'OII\e \o l""lo•UA., •UIIo~
blllll! ln -OMOlOn or TllrUob -U Y1oao. Appo ,..\!.7, tho
Tyrlt1ob o.,...Yl hu llltorwo<l \ho lloalprlan eo. ....... \ that ha OJ>!!OOM
tho 4er>U"'- of J"loh pooplo to lo\enbYl """-• \ ll•o
o1ro-taaooo. ln adoll.Uon, \ho t.rJU.oh rorolp Ott1 .. oboul4
•4•1•• '11\1 ~Ulaft o.. ....... , ot 1\e a•t1Wd.e oor..,..nl~C tbe
OJ'1'1Yal 1n l otMbo&l or poop1o witb'*t ""'"oh tranolt Y\o ...
Dr. 8ohwarta 1~e1'ed pqrautft6 \he queet1on ot tnoreallftl
laa4 t r atflo t'Pc. hl«&r1a t o 1\a.rtt., by 1.noreu1DI' tl"oa nl na to
t:weD\7 the .....,,_,. ot Van.elt rta•e authorl&M •eMlT tor lot1&.
•n a 4111Uonal OJ'~.,, 1&1811\ bo Yo~ .., \ho -4o \hat no r •hfl••• ar. ar1'1•1n« t 'I"CMI ltuncaJT, tor wbloh n1ne rtu e weekls
ha4 llk ... ht btll'\ authorlaed.
lb-. JllnabMM retei"'Hd t o the reluotaaoe of the Bul&&rl&a
Gon .-oat to perwU roflllloeo \o o ... \ o lotoftbul CD tho g.......U
that they .... t\lbleoted to too .. "' o ... a lrrYeet la•'lonl upon tbel r
a.rr l••l here. He t.bowcht lt ra11(ht be hel1)1\ll lt a ee·uranoee oou14
M s-l•en to the h~lan Oowem.en.t \~Mt no ••oh 1nten'le• woul4
t&.te plaoe \.n Iata.n'Mil , 10 tazo ~· retwaR••• &re 10ft08J"'le4.
ur . HlreahaaM a \a ttl& that, t.n a ... ot·asulwt whlob ht had
su••pa.rM tor ,,..,.,•S...elon to the 8u14Jar1.&n Got'em~~ent , he bad'
O"Utoh4 that pr1ol"l t7 Ito c h• to ohlU...... an4 7 " 1&111! !'O"Plo, 1r
•lc r a:Uon 1'ro.a htcar'la weH ~NU.te4. "• hac! 40Ae thlt la o r der
to OYeroOMe Bul«•rl tm o'bJeot:lona t o •11J ... t1m on \ht rrouAda o r
0-2 lnt•"lew.
o,.. 8Qhwarta OJ>POOo<l •lgPOUoo llal.\o<l to opoolt1o
oategorl na, a1noe ' aore ~eople \hAn Jutt oh114ren 6A4 routha .. nt:
t o l. ... e Oulgarl a, llnd the1.r d~tparture IILAJ not be oppaeect.
h11W'I2• Wr. Caplaft rr..ortttd UW.t rur ther olMn4ea t t ne
ao .... ar or ret'qHa a Rtncttl7 to ruaan1a aoool'41ns to 1nto,..
u on ho had Juot r ...,Un<l, 4oi'0"4o<l upl>n rtnanooo . He, 1n bahalt
ot the Jewlllh ;\frtnor, and ~. Jloh...,.t&1 ue oon•ultl.ft8 to,e t hor
on t hl a q\lee t 1on. l>r .. &ohwart:& ltuU4Ate4 that t lnuoea pr.OYid..S
no probl .. a t tht .anact.
:.a.r. laplan tho\18bt• u. 1aportant thdt IMrf'...,nt t'roa Uunga rJ
\o Rwwull.a bo o-onto41 t~ otr-tbonlng or oppropJ"1a\o
l oool orPAl&aUono. lUtllo...,. -· ottlol.allt baa 4oDP- o
4Nth aentenoe to AnJOM ualatl.ftc euah aoott--t. 1ft r eallt;r th«1
ap,..ront17 are w1111nl! to tak• no noUoo or u . Jla\w-al.l7 o-..
"Pl1oa\ 10ftl arlit 1n Bu.ohar .. t,.tltra deolt 1oa llltt be l&klll •• t o
wbo~ar ooall.altlo plaMO DD boato oboul4 b O ClY .. to people alPOaq
la ~1a o.r \bote e:-.tnc t'Nie ~, ebot all are aaa.loua \o
loaoo. Kr. Soh1n4 -'"" \ha~ thoro aro a1raa<17 fltt- -4ro4 Hu.nauian ,..•"-••• 1n Rt.aaanla .t\o ooul4 be 'b~'l to latubGl, wen
ob1PQLn« fao1lltloo aoa1l~lo.
Oobll\4 Ntfli'POCI al'o •o tho grollp ot olJt hun4P04
J\I!IOiila011U1 Jbe 1.n H\Jnl&.'7, who &.1"8 1n DOIIHilOil Ot .. 111
aM 11h1oh alP,' b~t reaMed AI a 'roup tor tra1g:ra 'ion.
U.11o-l..1aU of Jlllt lat tor IIOYLnC \h .. ovt of H"lll"l'7
baa ~••n ate4ed. \o •ucuat l e t , ....S the -.ttv abcN14 t.. t oUowt4
vp .
l(r . laplan referzoed to a eoh•• pat forward b7 the 8we41eh
U1n1eter 1n Budapeat, b7 wh1oh 8wed1eh v1eae of a liaited nu.ber and
to oerta1n oatesoriee of J..teh people •1ght be 1eaue4, if a guarantee ie provided the 8we41ah GoYern.ent that auoh people
wouU b e reacn-ed frot1 Sweden within "'ree years• t111e. 1"h1a
JUtter s hould abo be lookttd into and followed up.
Ur. ~aoplan referred to a lett81' he had Juet received troa Budap~et wh1oh 1nd1oated ~t tene of thouaande of pereona oould be
aaved 1f the ooet of their u.lntenanoe Qould be taken over . Be 11
pureulng the llll tter, 1n order to aeaare • ore 1.nfo~t1on.
Ur. H1rnohaann referred to h1a oonveraa t1 on ' w1th Wr. Gr1ffel,
a nd adT11ed the groap that the War Refugee Board, u repro11nUng
t h e United Sta tes Gove~nt, baa adopted t» pr 1noiple that 1t
oAnnot dhoourage the sending of ab1pe b7 tndiTidual pr 1Tat e
agenoiea, it thq have reepone1ble projeota 1n bane\. He had tried
to c oncentrate all t>J\1p queet1ou into one ohamlel, but apparent17
all neoeeear,y agre .. eate oould not be aoh1eve4.
Both Mr. Kaplan and Dr. BehwaJ"h expreued thelr approval '
ot the idea of periodio oont ereuoee a1.a1lar to the yr eeent one,
and felt that lllloh good oould ooae of the• 1n teraa ot cooperation
and ooordinat1on of the werlt. Eaob felt that better underetand1ng
and oooperat1on had been reaobed in behalf of their reepeot1we
organ1ut1one aa a renU of thelr pereonal talkl in Iat&ftbu?..
llr . Hireohllann explained the preeenoe of )llr. 5ohwe1tur,
eay1ng that he had b .. n invited 1n ord.,- to preunt the point of
v1 "" ot an oute1der1 that 11, one .mo 11 ne ither Jewish i•genor n or
Joint D1atr1but1on Uoaalttee. He will be 1nv1ted t o s ubsequent
111eet1nga.
The lll llet1ng adjour ned tt t 6t15 p.a.
Herbert Katzk1
~ rJIIOW ~ # tMI ~ o. IIQCIIC'I'W ~ •
··-----·•~ nep~aentatl••• ~qtoco<l 1n Rellot an4 Reoon ••U•l Uoo
1n 1o \aD!Jul
1'bo followlng llot •• u forth the •aonoJ.oo ... 4 tbo1r r epreaontat:1••• 1n letanbul, peraanent:lJ looat:e4 there.
1) Rw.b• Reen.lok r-epreaenta \be Aller-to.u Joint Dlatrlbu·tton Ca.at\ tee.
a) Dl.roaUr or 1n41roatl.¥ •118111114 1n 011J4rat1cn tToa 'rllrlr.q to Pale attne or trb• oooupted oount:rlt a •1• TurkeT to Paleettne. ror the11 pUrp0111, 1t .akel the ft.IOII I &rJ tranepor\atlon a.rt"&ftg•enta or proorldea the f'Uftd1 therefor.
b) ProY1dee relief tor r1~11i 1D TQrk-r or in ooaup1e4 areaa either ln tund.ll or ln k1.n4, Ureotl.J' and 1n41reotl7, under !re&lurJ l10tn11.
o) ProY14ea aalnt~o• tor r etQceea while 1n traneit trooa ooUDtr1el ot •11Nt1on \ o ooUD,r-ltl ot tatcrat:1~.
2) Chat. Barla.. r epreeenta J .. tab Aseno7 ol Paleetlne,otttotal l.J l'"t ))retent a the J.wtah Ageno7 tn h.rtt17 and la ln charge ot thet.r aot1Y1t:1ea tn that oouatr,r.
3) Dr. J. Golden be&dal the Palea'tlnllft of'Uoe ln f ur k17 ot tho Jow1ob Agono7. D1rootw a opoo1al oft1oo ror aoo1ottns 101&1 .-ig~anta tQ Pale~t1no dt~lnl.tro• or traYelllng Yla TurkeT.
4 ) t..4e, J ..,uh Agsn41 , haa apealal uatgna.nta ln 'l'urlteT tor tho Jowl!"' AsonoT. .
6) Zon a.h1n.4 lloOI>• AYorbuob, £hu4 U ll>erall roprooont Palaetlne organi&at!on lnteraated 1n apeol&~ eatgratlon tram ocoup1e4 areaa to Paleat1n1, e~peol.all.J aati,ere r el#ttng to ahlppt.ng.
8) WDaohla Ba4ar, l'enJa Fo:aerlll'lleo rep:-cn:!lt: Paloatlne organ1ae t1on 1ntereeted 1ft •peotal ,..11et &Aatatanoe t o peopl e ln OOOUp1 sd .,......
7) Jaool:)Or1tfel repl'"taen'h Agu4at h I 1Nel of Pa.le1tlne an4 Un1~e4 Statea , and the"Y&&4 Raaaalah of Un1te4 Statea lntereetld 1n ualetanee, •lgratlon, ao4 ,.o-.-l dlng reltet tor Orthodoa people 1D oooup114 ar .. •.
8) Joaeph llarwan repreaenta the Vaad. Hqu.l.ab or the tln.1te4 8tatea and f"&l oetine orsan.t&atlone.
V) Lol4w1& ICaotner repruoah tho Yaa4 liaaaal&h or Un1to4 U a too on4 tht llratlolua Jow1oh ooulllll.tJ.
10) DaYld &ohweltaer repreeente t.he H,taa-Ioa e•lcratton Aoooolat1on (H1o ... )
J
11) I.on Dellenbc-g r~~prea-'lh \he IntefonaUonal R .. oue and Rel1ef C-1Uee, \he Jtll1h X.bor OOidiUtle, an4 h a oorr .. pondeat for the !lew :rol'k Jew1ah Dal~ Foi'Wud 1ntere1tect 1n rellef and .algratlon ot 1ntelleotuale, antl-laa! retucee1, eoholar1, et oetera, 1n ooeup1ed oouatrlll.
12) Er1 JaboUne'lr7 rapreeenta \he United Statea lrllerr-:r Coaa1ttee for \he reaoue of JeWI 1n Europa , lntareeted 1n the aa1gratlon of p eople 1n oooupled areaa,
In add1Uon to the torego1ng \here were pruent 1n Ankara or I1tanbul tor l onger or aborter per1oda at the end ot J une and t1ret weeks ot Jul:r 1
1~) Dr, Joaeph Rohwarta, F.uropoan oha1rman of the Aaer1oan Jo1nt D11trlbutlon C~ttee,
14) Dr, Judah !&agnes of the Hebrew Un1Yera1t;r1 Pa1nat1neJ who 11 a ••bar of tho. ll1ddle E.at AdYlaor:r Ca.~Uue of tha DC,
1&) lie.rr;r V1te1ea, a •ombor of \he ll14dle East AdYhol')' Ooam1ttee ot the JDC, .
18) EUeaer lap1an, a meaber ot the ExoouUYe and Tr .. •urer ot the Jowlah Ag eno;r,
17) l&ok llltraM rltJ)roaenh the Bulse.r1on Depart•ent ot tbe Jewhh Ageno;r,
Ju1:r 10,1~4
OO<UW'I OH 8!'ATISTI0 8
1Wgnla1
N1111b e r ot pereone 1rho a rr1Yed 1n Ietanbul 1n trane1t h'oll
Ruaan1a.
(1 )
( 2)
( 3)
Janu .. :r 1944
1 ebruaJ7
liaroh (1)
Apr11 (2)
u., ( 3)
June
12
282
6G7
M O
1273 penon•
n/e Y11oa (t1ret tr1P 2;,9
~1lwa;r ~
!'otal: 2 112
n/e !lar1t•• ( flret trlp 2M
n/• Bellao1ta 1&3 1nolud1ng oh lldren
n/e @1ga (eeoond tr1p ) 272
Ra1lwa;r ___a
Total! 88?
n/s !lar1ha ( .. oond trlp) 318
Ra1lwa;r -A Total I 3'0
130 Tranenlet~n
I'.,..J)Iu"aoo of tol.ren , .,, to Walhlngton oe Jul7 6
Tho followlJIC 1o oont boll HI.N- tor tllo WIIS. tho
1nt oraal1on below 11 kt.- Upoft prt lla1ft&r7 1rrtttt.tcat1ae.t ooo
otrntnc \ht a toppart 1n Ka¥ an4 J~n• ot retua•• ao• ... nt. t to loh.11l>ul fi'Oa Conotanui
!'ht luJ.ca,r1u au.tllcrU:let ritbd.rw pua1ta1on to rel .. tt
oM~ t o bo utllloo4 for r o,.o"' b-•• ot tbo olDit.lnc ot IIAJUn.t.. Tbo Oo""""' ola1Jio4 Cbot Cbo CoMa3o -. noo&M tor aUlta..,. nodo t. aNI tho llult!oriallo foaro4 Co lou 0'1J aoro o .. ll
eh1pt. Olnot Vlt 'rv.l"tillh Oo•trftllint 4ott 110\ 4.tt1re t.o oper:at.e
l tt l.&rct .atlpe 1.n tore18'fl wat••• a JtO'Yt ... 1alt.1at.e4 t o oba.t.n.
• .u 1'uft.lah ohipe oM6b, -· ... ..... , bet ...... "'• -AD& H.rkleh o.,.,.,._,,, .,,, ..-actcl l ,a ui'I718C ..,..., ... ,,, to Yorna, Bult!ar1a t r011 Lit...Wl . Wo ba ... boon 1llfor•o4 b)' tho
J"1ob Acono)' tlu.c •""""16-"'" h • o boon -~ b)' lt to trenopor t rohgooo 011 0110 Oroelt &114 tftr hl1lllh lh1po Oft lholr roCIU'II
YOJa&OI Co l•ta~~bul tr• OONitaau. Followinl ll tba appro•lJiaCo
.-.bt.r ot P41f't one to l>e ... o-oaa'-4 on the ahlpe now r M4J at.
Conocon .. tor oaU~II Tho Oraok N .a'IWIA U:OO paao-oroJ
Mnllft.l 1601 IWUII.t. :l&OJ K.UBE:I '60f IIIJLIUI. 360, It 1ba abo•o ' eent1ont4 t 1Ye ehlpt, the tlrat ot 6h oh 11 4all 1 trpeottd to tall , oeaplete tllel_r YOJa&•• aueoeeetul l.J 1 \here U ,. .. eon to bope that
U.ooo ono ot.allar ohl.po wU l follow Wl4or Ulta oon4U1ono . In or4or t6 braol: ~ho 4 M41"k ...,. 4o1Arlnc tho aalllll8 ot Chooo
Ttlltla Eataki and I are oon.ttP1"1nl wUh r ep-rtatte\at 1Ytl of the
Joint olnr11>1aUon 0011a1noo ""' ot \ho J"1ab Aronor. Wo " "'" Aab&aaader lte lfthartt• a • • •ur.noe that h1a PtPWOnal UD4erataA4~ w1 tb Ona4 Aol.ltalln, SaoN tarr OanOI'&l of tho Foro leD otfloo, will
proolado .,q 41tf1aul.C)' 1JI J)oPti1UlOC 41••-Uoe at lotaDinll
., r paaoonc_.o wU h ont proper pepero an4 1JI .UlD« .,....,.._oato tor tND.a'J)Or\at10D to Palta1i 1nt rta '!\l.nt7.
'fhe reorsantaat1on ot thtt oontJ"'l or the flu.anlan Oovemaent o•.r tbl e ao-oalltd l llec&l ,,..,..~tatlon. it an ad4.1t1on.a1 rae:r O&DI 1.Ag th~t d e l .., 1n the •w•• '• ot \he aboY..:. .. nt 1ont4 Olpa.
AoooJ"41.nC to lnt oJW.t l oa .ttle.b we haYt r .. e1n4L ~ an lat:t~1ate2"1al
Ooaa1C~oo for t..1«rat1on boo boon ooca,llah oO v.r tho ftoaan1&11
OoTarrwent an4 ••one r-s>reaen\atl••• or '"'"1 hD&rt_., te ot \he
O....arDaont lo I.Aob0o4 ono J"1ah reprooontaUYo , '1•••, r oporto4l7 a rloh aa.n all4 a o l Oit tr11114 ol K1b&1 .t..ntoueou.. the ro,...t 1o:a
ot t b lo .,... -Uoo hao lntorrapto4 prononol.7 •AAa ......,._ ...
f or ooourl nc tho .. 1, peroito oh1ob paoplo laaY1ne Rbaaala oro
roqulro<l \o han. It .no.,.u, roqulrlto an 1ntor1• per1o4 ln oro or to • • t ablllh llt w oontaote. Jteporte417, oh114ren and a4Ultt ewer 40
&l"e t o be ,_.ltt:ad. 'bJ t h e JbiMn'••• to lea•• ·U\ t oou.a\1'7 u4 thl t
pl an baa allot~a41T bean aooopto4 b)' tflo Oo.....,. . llaJq r o,...oaa h .,.o
e o• tr• Poland to ~la lllte.alll, &114 • • • troa ~UT ...,, ""
aM"l.-11111•
Of \ht 2&00 r tf1ceea ••n•1one4 ab09t, an apprM l&ble ft\lllbtr •111' bo ohll4ron Who, duo to tho otforto ot t ba WIIB 1n Marolt of t lt o
Jtar, were releaae4 t roa Yr.n.n1at:7ta.
J .
Soh~& 1ft Ankare. be be• 1ntll!'lled of Ule detalll . h 11 reoo.lll4e4 liT Mballader 8te1Jiba.J"lt ancl ae ~at the pJ'Cil'UI whlo.b wae J)J'OJIOied l.n 70ur 84 be' adopted wlt:h JolAt perUo1pet1on 1n the r .. pondb11U7 117 the Will , d110e ow- erploraUone 10 far hau lndl.oated that the propoeal outlined h 1:be onl7 "-ed1ate aeuna leadl.ns to the r oeoue n-oa the Balltane of refugee• 1.n app.,1able nullbere. A report Wil l llhort}T be unt to y01.1 elabora t1n« upon the abo•••
COMINDloaUoa l'fiOelYM. on the 1&\h of Jul7 1144 tJ'OII .,. • Al, Cre,alanu fbmpJ!.J.U illnllter 'o 1'ur1te7, nUhn on beh;If or .. ,..,., Antoneeou, V1oe Pree14eD1: of the Couno11 of
ll1n1a1:ere.
• I w1.ah to 1n1'ora JOU that an 1nhr-ll1nhterlal oa.ahe~on
hae been oonatUutecl e1noe the b .. lnnln« of the aonth of MaT, '
under rq ohall'llaftlh1J), for the purpou ot orsanhln« oft1o1all7
and ettlolenUr the talgratlon of the Jewa. Dllrlllc the a eeelona ' '
ot t h11 Oo.aiu1on Jleeartl. Pltoher, ~'llder'IU.M and Zl•er, the ' .
repreaentat1Tea of the Jewa fit Ruaan1a, h-e been oonnlted, aa
well aa the 01*11lte1oner tor Jewieh Atfa1rtl. Thee e p eraone haYe
Jointly eatabl1ahed the praotleal aeane for organ1a1ng tho Jewleh '
ealgrat1on, althor ~lth the help of medlua-elae ah1pe tlJlng a •
tore lift tlag ( wh1oh han reoentl7 ett eot od tranepo~ a, ) or w1 th
eb1pe of greater tonnage that t h e RerT1oe Har1t1me Agenor m&T
oharter to that etteot.
"The ded.elon ot the gmrernaent h&a been oft1o1all7 0011-. . '
munleated to the Swlea, Swedleh, Turkleh, Portugueae Legat1ona;
to the Delegatee of the Internat1caal J\e4 Oro.a Oo111111Ueea as well
•• to B1a ~1nanoe the Apoatollo Nunalo at Buohareet.
'The 1ntezo-a1tl1e1:er1al oo1111ea1cn 1t 1n full aot1Yltr. I •
hope that the International orsan1aa~1one, wh1oh have dealt w1th
tha queat1oll or the Jewtah•lgratlon, w111 ualat 1n g1v1JV
the1r full aupJ'lO~. 1
fh~•e 4&71 -so a ahlp, tl7lng a neut~al flag, let t Conetan aa ha•lns ~n boA~ a large nuabaT ot J .. l•b re~.... Thr•• ot her Yll ltle, wh1ob ..,., 1D t he port ot Oone \anaa w1U tollo-.
SeTer&l •on\ha -so the quftat lon or ob\a1n~ a G~ paN.Atee t or !-b• aa.fe ,.....,, ot a aea.tl"al •••••1 1n \he Bl•k Sea Wl8 ra1ae4, b\at ftt!IJOt1at~ODI W_.ft IU1p61ldl4 .
• •lll1eter1al oc..l\\ee, 0911" whloh 1 preelde, 11 h&D411l\c \be oueetloa of Je•1ah .. lcr-tlon •n4 11 •~ .. 1Dln ' the polc1b111ty or r ao111tattns the 4eportwo ot t he .. l~~t• b7 u•lng ftwo&D1an ll\l pe .
Mr. PlldtNANl, Mr. Zieeu (Jft1ah Central) and. t he COM.leel oau O•aral to'r J..S.Ih qu.NU.ona 41eoueell4 the aatter- .S.th • eneNl. t1•••·
I botr 701.1 t o retllte all !alu lnroJW&tlon o1rcolat1A& wUh re1peat to Mr. P114eraaah' • oa••· the l a ttftr enJore tull t re•40• and. 11 ool~NtlftK • 1\h t he Jnl~ OentNl, w1tb a •1 .. o.t Of'l&nUtnc, tocet.he:r wlth.Jlr .Z1aeu, the •tg:J"t\lon ot ret'G8•••·
Mr . r114e~n' 1 eon, who Me been l .n ,..no, ainoe the oucbrta.k ot tbe war, hal appa.ren.tl7 bMil U901"t~d to Pol an4. 1 ba Y I pe·r1umally lnte,..,tned. on h1.e behalf wlt.h the Ot19an GoYIT'IWitnt and. ••• J1rcMt1.ee4 tha\ he woul4 be aet at llb .. \J.
~"""" IO.MooU.-- ,._.. .. ........, -...... llalT 11, 111«
Dear h. l.liiUI
1 .. tok1 .. Olo llb.,.\1 of wrU l ntr to 7'"' oa bebalJ' of ~~ 'flotlaa of \ ho war who are 4npeN'•l1 aeeklftC re.ttac• troe ~. 1 Wl4oritu4 l:bat rou ..,.. lfl'Ola& rour 4....,tot otto"'• t o &allet~ •h••• aD4 ln thle r•wpeat •• haTe a oomcGn te••r••'·
llo.7 1 14.,\ltr 111oolf u tho opoo1al r oprooub\l'Oo of tho War Rotucoo SMrt o1 tbo Unito4 Sta\oo ot _.loa. fhla Boar« -• oroatot la J.,..,., 111« b7 a op"lal o...Ur or Proo14•t llooo O'OoU aD4 oone1•'• of 'Ul• BeoretN"lll ot State, War aDd 'r'l" ... u.JT of U. Uaite4 8ta•••· O.r or4tra ar. to tftitlal.e &D4 •••lat 1n \he re1oua ot p eople 1tbo .roe aHkiD« haY-. of retac•f wbo,..el" a.nd wl>oi'O'Oor thor ..., bo. ~ of \ 1\lo 4a h aa4 b7 rt.r'Qio or tbo l>O'foro ... ato4 in •o bJ' 111 Oo'Oo.....,,, 11\4 with \ho oooporaUoa or n1ot1,_ roliot' acanoioo ouoll • • tbo Un1to4 Ototoo Joint D1otributlon Oo.a1ttee1 tbe Pal••'"" J .. lah Agenar and othsn, we hav• had uo•• p&rt1~ I UOOII I .
I aa 1,ntorae4 'that thw Jllua.Ml.an iOYIJ'I'nMtat 11 not vppoae4 but' lD taot 11 helplac '-0 tao1Utate. through Ua •1.n.1ater1&l Ooaaltte, the traA~portatlon ot Ntus:••• trow. ~1a •1.& aoa, u 4 l.b&\ tollow1A& the 1\1011 .. 1\tl nrac• of t he k'· ~-e t here • .,.. t ov &11141 tlon.Al •eaaele now pr~ to Mba. • •.maent 11 •at4hl.n&" wl th ·v .. c loter<~t1t t he pla.ne tor the q•k • ., .... , ot the1e • ••eele , and M1' I t&J'Se that nothlDt be done to obatl"'\\ot the 1.-.41ate •MJ'katlon ot th111 t our lh1J)tl 1 •• well •• the .,., •• , • ot other ehlpe Wether \bet oarJ7 a Ruaull&A flag or an:t o~her tlc, pro.,14o4 P-l&gll oro azooanco4 without ~·~. Tho 1.41al oituat+oa that ooula be oreate4 • oul4 be a 1o-oall~ br14Ce ot ahlpa' at th1e t~u, wh1ob would oonte•plats not alone the ~lan ahlpa, whtob; we uruteratan4, tou oan be 1net~ental 1n organ1sl _b4J wltbCNt 4 a la)" , ~ut other eh1p•• ao that a oonatAnt flow of refuR•• t ratt1o U7 oontlnua wlthout 1ntel'1"\\J)t1on dUrlnc; theao •ont.ba , ..tlen e'f'I-'T 4 &1 1• or1tlo&l tor thoae whoee ealntlon we ha.Ye at hear,.
1 aa alao lnraro.e4 that th•e ha• a arleen a nuaber of qu.aatlane r e«:a.rd.l.Ag l.hoae who ahoul4 be oh.otc to .Ue t hee• YOJ .. •• t o eate ba.ftlll. l~t th11 oonnaotloa, ~ I lll7 th.Lt lt 11 not tha proYlnoe or rtt COYerm~tnt to aake or lAtb.PM nob 4etaralaatlon•. !he buea tor Uaeie oholo•• are not our a peolal oon.oerft. We •~ 4eepl7 t.ntareete4 b owner 1 1a not pe.ralttlnc thla queatlon 1n &nr ot 1te &IJ)OOtl to lntertero • lth the p~l ellb&r'katlon ot thttel .n4 ad41tlanal ah1pe bJ ..,.,,n ao aD.ob • • a d . .nale hou.r . You \Ul4oubt.U, ar. aore oon..o1oue or the aoutme•• all4 4a..a(or' of t he e1tuatlon tor theae 1nnooen' o1,1aena thaD • • oan be troa ber., IJ14 70U •111 tOJ'81'00 •• tor ~hl"- lfl&ln tho oount1al Laportanoo of not p 'l'8itt1ng anrth1ng, oopoolallr of Jorlodlot1onal or teohntoal nature, to ate.n4 1n the • 87 ot the 1a~~o4.11lte releate of theaa 9e1ael1.
' I aa oontidea' lhat, ln rour broad hu.aD1tar1an ettorta
( 1fb1oh will. be r ... abere4 lons after the .. dittuolt · dat• ha·u palled) ;you wUl ••nace to brlQI 161io 7our oouno1b, Oil a produot1Te and a ooopera1i1Ye leYel, the aerYtoea wh1oh Mr. f11481'11lann can renc18r with lk111 and etteot1Teneae . u.r. P'1lder.ann 11 alao r egarded with deep reapeot '* the great qeno1ea operating 1n the reaoue field, a s well aa bJ the repreaentat1Tel ot the Go•ernaent ot the Un1te4 Bta•••· Oerta1nl.J, it would be unfortunate not to ut111~• tullT h1• exper1enoe, 81noer1tJ and repreaentat1Te power.
Again may I otter ., aasuranoe ot our hlih recard tor your efforts in the field ot human welfare ~t t h1a oruc1al time in the hiatory of all peopl.,, but espeolallT tor thtt minoritlea and the Jews, who ar e eutfering so aor ely.
I. J.. Hireohaann 8peo1al Attache United States or Aaerloa
P.B. I have JUSt r uad a oopJ or the letter trom Mr. E. laplan of JulJ' 17 1\ddress ttd to you an<i ~~ish to • seert that I subscribe oompletely with the v1ewa expressed by him.
"1117 1!1, 1844
Keaorandaa 'ot oonYereat1on held at 11!11D p.a., Jul.7 21, l~ wUh Dr. Blaclt
Pllr•uant to rq prniou• oonYer .. t1on w1 th Dr. Blaolt and t he
aeaor•nd\111 d.ted Jul.7 1:5, 1844 which I handed to h1a coverlnt; t he
background ot ~he •uooe••tul 11a1eon between Oret~1anu tor the
Ruaanlan Oovernaent and ~eelt, and the requeet t or a1a1lar
aee1etan6e ot ~e Bul&ar1an Governaent t or the releuse ot Jew1ah
r etugeoa, Dr . a..olt vte1ted ae and repor ted ae tollowal
1. He had r .. aon to kn ow t hat I would be g iven favorable nne
thro~~&h Balabanofl' , the Bulgari an llUUater, when I meet h1a
dthln the next few t\a)'IJ
2 . That BalabaDOff has ude the requeat t o "e ••1
:5 . That 1n h11 reo ant 9111 t to 9ot1a he w:>o lntoJ"'Ied ot e l'e'lanal
ot t he pol1o1 ot the Bul8ar1tm Uovernaent with regard to
alnorU1eo and Jews and thAt he would aeelr evert pol a1ble aeane
of w1nnlng our good will ~ugb att~a oonneoted w1tb the
rel .. aa ot r etugee1.
I •• lnto~ed that the h .. d ot the polloe \n Bul.«ll1"1a 1nued
a etat-nt (not pabl1o) 1n mioh he 1tated th~> t t h e GoveJ'nJient
w1ll tao111t a te all pol1oe peraltA naoeReart tor the releaAe of
retugeea .
I n the l atter oonneotion 1t 1e 1apor tont to roaeaber tha t while
the Bu1gar1an Governaent ~1 approve t ho release of r efugees troa
Bulgar1o , enoraoua ooaplell1t1o• of a teohn1oal nature will interfere.
01x different t 7pee of peral t a are required bef ore ~ person a&J
leave t ho oountry. They are tax, allitary, pollee , eto. In no!'11al
i i .aea theae peraltl were a vailable at Oovernaent headquarter& wh1oh
were cen tared 1n Sot1a. Binoe the I evere bollblng ot Sot1a the
Oovern.ent ot tloee have been QOYed to vari ou• o1t1ae nnd 1t 1a
naoauary ror & o1 ~1r.en to t ravel ooneiderabl:y to •eou1·o the o er t 1t1-
oateo . In ad41t 1on, *knT ot tho tora1 have been l o1t 1n the boab1ft1
an4 tho moVlng. There will be 1111ob obatn~oUon and delAT 1n M7 author1r.llt1on tor o1t1r.ena to leave the country: In additi o•r. t:r.nl
portat1bn t eo1litiol are strai ned to the utao1t, aleo due to ~e
boabl.D8, and 1t will be a d1ttioult .. tter tor II'Y&oue u to r eaoh
Bursas , the one poee1ble port of debarkati on.
The boat poaa1ble 10lut1on 11 tor ohlldren to be g1ven pri or1tJ
and p 4oed on the boat • and ftine. 'l'hq will not req\IJ.re
oart1t1oa\eo ot relaa1e. I\ 1a poel1ble ln t b1e oonneo\1on tnat
l'erente 8&1 not 'be w1lli.Jl8 to aeJ)IU'ate t h • • elvll troa tha ohlldren,
eepeo111ll7 e lnoe the announo•tnt ha1 been ude t hat n.o further
perional or j)l\)'eioal pereecnat1ona wUl hlte plaoe 1n Bul8ar1a. '!here
a re, howevex-, hun41'ede ot oh1141'en who are without parenh or home•
who abould be oorraled and " nt b)' boat and raU t o Istanbul and
Pal11t1n1.
1a rq J)J'OpOeed oonTtl"eaU.OA wl \h Bala.'ba.nott 1 • to requeat ot hill U..tl
1. He ahoul4 l 'lTI AI lD wrl' lllC A It&t __ , Ot' ~~ ,.. .... , at11h&t
of the lu.l,tar1&n Oo9e:malllt on the ~eatlcm of ll.lnor1t1ea aa4 J tWOJ
2 . lnr~tlon oonoernlnt Dr.gAnOtt'• r .. eo\ •••ttn& wlth the Jewl.-11 l<horltlee An4 hit atatPent. ~ wde,...t ..,41nC lo U..t thq are t o be tr•to4 Ub a.U 8ul&ar 1an ol tlattna •1th1D tho tTMe-work of the Bulgarolan l aw wh1oh a t1ll oontalne the t wo antl .. Jewl l h lawe whlch are aeYere 11.n4 "hloh reduoe the Jewa t o eoonoalo pert.h11
~. He •111 e \ata the J)OiltlOD. ot \he l~arU.Jt Oo.arMtnt r e
«•rd!.ni l te •tUlntn•• • to pc"alt JeY11h Nif'laC••• to le••• til. OOUll t .,. •
I will requeet of 8alab.norr that he 5Uthor1&e •• to eend a apeol f 1c tel egran rtth h l a oe quot8tlon t\D t ho a.bo'f'e 1\lfr~eetlolle,
and a.l eo 1ntor11 Ma ot A¥ 1Dteat1on to u.tlU&e tbla tor pod wlll tor the p.reaent lhll&ar1u GoTe:rrwent 1D OW" own OOYIJ'IWUt -.o4 t or p11bUo1t;J to ow- people 1n tho United &tatoo.
ArrMge•ent e ehoul4 t:.e IDwlt tor • • to ••• Bah.be.nott 4 \IJ"lnc 61aon4 1 a a.b1 1110t 1n s -.1 tr.trlblld.
I . ~. HillliOIIlWlll
Dear loll'. Blaoltl
Purt111ant to our oonYoraaUOl\a I aa oonf1~1.ng 1everal of t he ~1nta wb~oh ware oonourred 1n ~ J OU and ~• i n our d1ooute1ont rtl~t1ng to ottor\1 to l'eeouo Yiot~• ot peraeout1on and opproe•lon ln Bulgaria,
!be o011Yil't&t1oa• with ud repor\1 troa llelab&nort tor hl1 pYarnaeat wore -our.a1Jig a• t~at' ~u1lalo 1top1. B.ie lottor wl'ttton to 81iwmd tor OUI' Sft'IP2"'UU$Dt 1 wh1oh ha A boen t raaaa1tto4 to lllaobiiii!Jton, 1o oonf1raatol'J' ot 11111 a boYO. But I b ellevo t M.t 7011 will tl6f'•e with •• that tho 8\a}«arlaA OOYorlliMDt 1o not goi~ tor enough at thh oruo1al. h our on tbo10 l!lattor•. I u thorouch OODY1noe4 tut the SoYernaont wlll taka whatOYOJ' ])OIIlble lhPI 0 nall&blo to expodUo tho r oleaoo, w1tb1n t oohnloal ~111b1llt1oet ' or tholr o1t1nn• 'llho happen to ' bo J"'· 1'1'08 1ntoraat1on at hua.1 foaf1~ b)' 7"" ud klab&Dott, then oh-pe d t h 1o tl•e oan re1w.t in onl7 a J)1t1tul lJ ••11 f!llliiDOlpatlon.
I u botbor~td b)' two llap..oh ot t h la probl•: a) thlt t ew r etugeea will bo able to 1 .. .,. Bu}«arla 1n · t h o nut aporbat w .. lt, and •oathla b) t hat th11 War Rohgoo Boord, watohlng da11.7 t or tpeo1t1o aoh ot l.a~o refugee •OY•tAtt out or BulgarS.., dll M.Ye no oholoo but to interpret tbato nogaalYa renulta aa a brt~aoh ot tal th b)' the BuliJIU'lan GoYoraaoat 1n the tao a or 1 t1 Ye:rbol end written representation• b.r Bal.obanott, .
Conaidoring thtt aouto pol1 tloal sUuat1on todAI7, t he doa1re expr eued b7 Balabanott tor hla soYern•ent to ulto euoh a oY .. wh ioh would irin the g ood wlll or tho UnUe4 Bhtoa OoYer nJiet Md i ta o eool e , we otaa4 t~7 1n a poa1t1oa wh or e tho tortuitoua tlrat lhoo 1D a prO!fr- whioh GDUld bo pro4uoU Ya ot gOGd on all dl\11 oou~4 b o unw1tti.n&l7 ~•oonot~ed. I t h erefore -d.• t o J OU todaT tho propo~&l 'llhloh l boll••• 18 the onl.7 eol1d and aat1ataotol"7 aoYo \hat 1hould bo offered 'liT the Bu}«ar1an ~..,om .. nt W1 thollt 4e1&7; naaol7, oonorote otopa to reYoko and llbolleh 1'orth•1th the two aotor1oue o.nU-Jowieh l&n 11ft U1 'booh . In aoeort1~ the abo•• I aa not unaware ot oorta1n t oohn1oAl and polB1oal obetaolee whioh tho so•arnaent 1D Balsarta to4&7 -., t1nd lt neooaoar7 to OYoro••· But thoeo are -,, when I pr81UIIO to euggBBt thAt s nwnaeate will penilt oalT ~ bold and torthr1Pt 1\ope • 01peo1al.l7 with rolaUIIft to tho on-...4 •••op ot Allied •1otol'J', and. if thq w1oh to t1nd th-ol••• 1n ••• •eaave or good graoe at the Peaoo fa~~··
Aa ro6 know I haYe no authorit7 t o apeak i n oonneot1oa with the latter, but 1 oa OMJ'6ed with a opeolal l'ORpondb1llty an d oan otter now • apoo1t1o opening tor tho s o04 will that wil l r eaul t troa broad otrokee 1n tht 41root1on ot huaan1tarlan~em, eapeo1Al l1 Ke rolahd t o refwteea, wh1oh w111 not pro11ioe but tult111 a pol101 Whioh wlll nogato \bat ot a tonaer ~nt 1D ruthle .. l7 ooM'\IpUnc a holpleoa ~o1'1t7 ot Uo own people, aA4 Wh1oh will bo 4oo1ano4 oonoratel7 t o rehab1l1tah tho111 YiotU.hed • eobore ot itl own oUhOIIJ'7,
!be llulgar1an GoYeruent atands to4e;y in the podUOA where it Olin orento a pr1oel .. l •a.ure ot good will w!llout, aa 1 aH H, gS.Y1Jltr up &nTth1nc tunwuaental, by tolt!.ng tho eeeent1al 1tep1 without dolaT to abrogate the aoan4&lolll ant1..Jew1ah laWI and to por•1t ue to annouJ\08 lt forthrightly t o tho wor ld, Whatever eaor1f1oe on 1ts own pnrt ie neo .. aary at t h1a time tor 1t to do eo, I M c onfident tltat the scales "111 v: e1gh heavily ln 1ta own teYOr attar the deCillion 1a announced.,
I haYo promised Balubanot t ~nd you that auoh a step would be heralded with the wld••t publlol\7 throuchout t h e lln1ted StAtes ( and Br1ta1n , ) wh1oh I aball t ake 1t ae mT 88peo1al taWlt to dleal'lal"ge. The eYldanoa in the 1ns tanoe ot tho abolition ot the oaap 1n Tranon1atr1a b;y the Ru.aniana 1e •i th ;,ou, The atep I aa aucgaeting • ould elle1' publ1ci\7 and good will of a manifold nature and IOOpe,
'l'bere b anoth"r aspect ot the aubJ eat wh1oh we d1scu•aed and wh1oh should be re-ontoroed with t he Bulgar1ane . l t 1a ~ .. n .. that thh as:t • all be no t1Ja41 for planni.ng large-eoale estgration aoYaenta out or a country llka Bu}8ar1a 1t the pr01aent SO'I'eruent of Bu}8ar1a h aa aoi.Uld and forw~looking in ita determina tion to r eoonatruct ita count ry ae i .a indio11 ted. The Jews who have been reduced by th~tse t wo l.awa to oompleto deprivation 6.lld 1nab111ty tO cerry on All7 leg1t1aate work muat be put oh the11' tee t , not tor th• s el'l'ee alene a e Bulgarian o1 t icene, but t or the enor110ua oontz•1but1orwth•t ~bQ' will. IU);e in help1lle 'build the new Bulgar ia. It ill a atr.nge pal'Qdox wb1oh h htory relate s that the depressed and depleted Jewiah popul~iona hoYe without exoept1on rebounded in the oountrtea "here they round thessel 'l'll and become valuable c1tizeno l.n buildi.ng th" 'f'e<h and culture of their o01111:1Wlit1aa . Cona1der 1ng the b 1.etory ot Bulgaria, the Jawe aa an 1.ncUgenoua psrt of that n~>tion, r eoaiYed rel..nt1vely fair treatment 'f'hioh ther enjoyed until r eoatl1 when th1e latta~ r ecor d was smudged by one o:t' the blaokeet pagoa 1n Bulga.riiUI 1'1111tory. W1th any tair ohanoe' a t economic aee1stanoe , r ehabl l Dltion and auatenanoe, tbe Jo'f'1Rh people ahould qU1okl 7 beoOAe ess ential ~~d uoetul partlotp~lta 1n building the new nation.
rlhy a end t hem in lot1t groupe · to a t 1·enge lands H , as the Y1niater of their oountr,y 88aerte , they •111 •gradually" t1nd the•eelves baok 1n the poe1tioq6t reepeot and r oapanelbility where th417 were bet ore the war, I t U.Y eYen be that the Bu}8ar1an <klve~ant so•• non th e henoe 11181 tlnd i t s elt 1n the poeition of beckoning :t'or tho return ot theoe sel:t'- eame oiti&ene wh~ the:y helped to deport tc P~1eet1ne e t groat expeneo and 1noonveni~noe. I tr6at t hat you are not burdened b7 m;y ovar-enphadB of tho point, bl&t 1 l.ne1at that tl\o G top •e a.n .£ ~Uggeeting w111 be ot .-en greater ad'l'antage to Bulgaria than to t hoee who will be aa1'e4.
One •o:re point& I th1nk the leadarl of the Bulgarl an Oov emaent ehould know that I ehall exp .. t to bold \fi•
r .. pone l ble t or tha t llh1oh klabanott e1gned . lblle h e wro t t! eo11eha t leu thAn he l'fll!ort ed t o • • Yerbe.l17, hb l et t er lo oat egor l o ln •~eertlng that ( a ) t h e go•ern-ent wlll nmellorate the el tuatlon • t t he Jewe end oeaae el l t or •• ot p eraeout l on with out delays (b) tranaport wl l l be t aollltated wlthl n a ll poeu1ble t eohn l oal •eane . The l e tter sooe fur t her ln lta illpl ioauoroe, but speaking tor t he l'ar Refuge e Boa r d I r epea t that "a shall neYer be e&th t ied witb these oon.ersatloba 8Pd reproa.ntatlODa u nt l l the ee two len are reYoJred . I n the • eanwhlle the gOYernmont can be ooaple te1J lax i n 1te entoro•ent of the• .
tlor wlll thla b e auft lo l nntt l' eport 11 oo:nlng currently f r om !lnl{;aria 1n<t1uate a ote of " oonoodo dfiJ)raYlt;y on tho part or its J o,.inh o1tlzenG reaultlng froi'J t hese lawe . I'Jtoat 18 the good ot r el'll1ttlng peopl e fretl)' to l ea• e thei r h0111 n by 11:1':loral nnd 1llognl means ; 1! t herr1 ure no poaa1b l e t~vaU
oblo oethoda ot r eoonat ruoUng t h alr l ot or tbalr dignity aa bllllalll bcingn t Ueasur11a ouat b e t ound a t once to supply t h i! a wit~ood, tho nccesaarr aeans ot l 1Y1ng •• deoent oltltene, ~nd eoono~ic aealRtanoe to ~ehobilltllte the l r buelneas , thelr taal l l es and t heir ho.ea.
I propene to otter t hrough t he tae1et altoe ot exlat~ rel1ef aeeno1ee , now :repreaan t ed ln 'l'urlte:r , along wl t h tht. t ot our goveMl~ent , auoh m ean e to rnhab111tote t his population os poeB1b111t1ea pero1t . Ob• lounlJ 1t to not too much to a&k thll t the Dul gnr l an Govern-ant p11r • 1t th lll and a .. lBt 1t 1n eYory possible r PIIaonabl e way, TheJ haYe deol ma t ed the oopul atlon, <•e do not 11 elt tltell to r ev1•e i t but on1J to perlll11; othert t o ~o ao ~thout let or h tndranoe s o that they nay c ontribute tcward.a the wellbeing of the!. r own c ountry.
I hope to hear thltt the forthrlp:ht and s i ncere tenpe 81J6g<!lltMI here1n hl!Ye boon tlllten bJ the BuJ.sArlan Goyer naent ln order to !ort lfJ lte poeltlon aaorn• t he huaane nat1ona of the world and to wln buch the reeneot and gooll o lll of our people which t hey hlld eo oorupuloual:r built 1 n the la11t llo.l 1'o ent ury nnd whloh t hey hav e ao noroly 1ont ln the l aut bl a ok war- yctal"'e .
lli th thanks tor r our k1ndneu and trlundah i p ,
Cordia~lJ roure ,
I . A. 111 rechaann Speo1al .U t aohe
P , G, If t he 8ulgnr 1an Government l a oe ekl ng me thods to d .. on at r a to l ta e l noer1tJ 1n b eing hol p t ul i n t h 1a altus t t on connected with refUge e mo• o• snta1 we 'ar e ' 1n 1'ormed tbvt a nu11ber of r'lt'ugef'e poaa1bl7 Up to 2,000, will be l eaY1n& RW\g&rJ 1n the n eit l ew da)'s , 11e havn r equoet ed ot t he
RWI&Il1an OcwtJ'I'IIlent Ul& t tht1 ptnt1\ theu rttl>tl to tnter Ruaanl& 1n t r a111U and •• han been lntor•e4 Ulat tht Ruaan1ane h&Yt &cr-.4 1n pr1no1ple tO Vl1t pi'OOedlU'to ObY1oUI11 the ltulgar1ant would not a t th11 Uat whh to ttt up a bloot.ade aca1nat thtat r•tuc•e• 1n the faot of thtl.J" reprtttDtat101U. It w111 thtrtfOI't b e MOIIIAI7 fOI' th• to agl"tl to Pt~1t thett rtfUgto• to ooat ~ugh Bulcarla and to pro~14t for th• the neotuaJ? tnaen fae111t1ea out of Bulsarla to Turkt1 wUhout delaT. !ho abo~• w1ll ap'l)lf a1111larl1 to rtt'ugtei who w1ll be lea~1nc 1\uaanla (.tlo do not arr1Yt troa HUDgai'J', ) and for whoa trm elt tao111t1ee throurh Bulgaria w111 bt requ1rt4.
Dr. Flor4 tl . Blaak Prel14tDt Robert CoUtee Blear
I. A. H.
Ca.poo1t10ft or \ht tao~t Gro.p *'ph NT1Je4 1p Ietybvl onllH•
AU4
l - 10
11-20
21 - 30
31- 40
41 - eo 51 - eo 61- 70
71-80
8 1 -
total
lltt1wllt·r
Holl&A4 00
W1\hout Wot1onal1t7 711
Polon4 10)
Rue e1a 1)
PaleeUne 2)
lJ1Tirl 34)
t'otal m
rroa YITfEL Ill pt r oont,
Ill Pereon• -10
3
1
3
7
1!1
21
e
'72
('72 ato on4 leO - )
!as. 0
lt
20
12
e.
31
28
• --'-
1110
J U \1&1"7 19H
J'ebru17
~~&rob (1)
Aprll
111&7
June
fotall
Penw
wbp a!!'lJM ln tnpe1J 1p Iettnlpyl
,,. lel«v-1•
311
Ill
131
1'7
•e 12'1
----a
ll) Orou.p or ohU4reD \11\der eb114r•' 1 •1C'I"at1on •oh•ea •a )faber o·r raal.llee 1 .-AL
fo'-1.1 1~1
J
IXHlBlt M
Pa~ 1
brrp of lvfDSI
I .
On llaJ'Oh RO U.. no Oeraan aaatborul .. ordire4 ~o a-
:::~== ~~o~!:, ~-;:!;! l=::u uJ{.!.-:0: =:r;t. r.:. n:::. a o \ obanco \boll' plaeo of rol14-•, va-..1, nor llO't'o wUh1a ~o oont1n11 of. Bud&poo\.
tho fln\ aa\1-Jowbh protu.&Uon1 on bohalt of \ h o llun«~ lao Go•ornaea\ ap~o4 on Jlaroh 31, wbon ~- woro tarb144en to ~ plOJ' a on-lowbh 4olle•U• oo ... an\1, •Uhout 410UiloUon ao to t h o aco ot t h o a.-bore of tho houoobol4 or no &ilaooUoo. l'ur\her ol'4on proY1do4 far \ho ~oelUh otrU.lDC of \ho naa01 of .Jnloh p•lll1o ott1o1ala, onhr'-lnm, and Joiii'D&l1o\o rr. \boil' roopoot11't profooo1oaal a .. oo1aUone, \bo .xoluoloa of l~on fl'M tho bar, wUh-1Jl , _ ._th•. u woU u \be wOU'lDC ot • roUew o\ol' \on ooau .. aotare 11l 41aaohr Oil tho odor ole\ii,_.. \t1Joal7 o..W oa). All t ho .. oNin woro _,14 Oil otrlo~ ru1.al IJ'OIIIl41, an4 poJW1\to4 on}7 Yol'7' latl'oq•on\ •oopUone tor aorUor1CIIll oo..,loo 1Jl \ho WU' •
• On April & , tho ' 4q on 1lh1ob tho l nloh bade• ••• to "bo
worn tor tho t1n\ t1ao, ' \ho•• ... boro of tho aboY...on\1ono4 oat ... M.oo of uoopUono, u well ao llal'\11•4 lOWI aarr1o4 to Ar7ano , woro .. _,, ... rr. w_.t.ar \bo o\ol' u well .. troa aoot ' of \bo roo\rloUooo ooMooto4 \berow1th. "• •ob1olo1, tollphonoo, an4 ra4101 ot tho ~- woro taken ..., • . '
E't'on thooo 1-' who, lleor'oo of tho1r allltar7 41oUJioUon, ha d 111\ loet their Nllk, woro no\ n-.to& tJooa woarlJIC \ho 1br -1 tr1ot 1DotruoUono •oro g1nn on th1o polllt -- and w .... forll14401l to wear tho1r unltorao.
On April 7 appoarod ~o 4ooNo forll144111« l••• to tra•ol, att&r wh1oh t h q had no r1ght to uoo auto110b1l01, an4 oould not non l"lde 1n publ1o oon1'qanoee wlthou\ pol1oo pora11o1on.
On April U appoarod ~o 41or .. w1th4n.w1Jl& 4rugghh' 110IIl181.
On April 14 oU .Jn1ah f-'Uil .. woro oonfboated. l'aluoblo obJeote abd ooour1Ueo woro to ba U,OoUo4 . Pera1oo1on wu c1•on to •• 1,000 Ponco aonth}7 oat of t h e blooko4 &OOOUJ,It•.
On April 21 .Jn11h 1hepo •oro or4oro4 olooo4, tholr ,_,._ n1ah1nge and 1toolr:o woro oonf1ooo11o4. Ar7ono wor o appo1ntl4 to head a fn buo1n11111 wtlooo oontlnllanoo wao hold to bo 1n t h o publ1o 1n1oor eo1o.
On AprU 82 a GoYornaon1o 41oroo oouUtu1ol4 Che Oll10il ot Rungar1an .Jno, 1D pl.aoo of Cho 0111tral Oouno11 of Jon appo1ntl4 b7 th o lilo~ authorlt1oo.
On Aoril 23 tood rations tor Jews were diminished. The sugar ration' was decreased from 1040 gr. to 300 gr. monthl7, and there were no exceptions . Pregnant and nursing mothers, as well as infante, receive the same ration, whereas these categories among the non-Jews are able to get aany times the normal ration. I nstead ot tat the Jews receive 300 gr. sesame oil per capita monthly, and even jewish heavy laborers receive no supplement. The weekly meat ration ot the Jewe is 100 gr. beet or horae-meat; pork and ve~l are simply not to be bought. Milk is given only to pregnant women, infante and children under three years ot age, but even here the amount ie lese than t hat ot the non-Jews. According to the decree the Jews do not get their respective portions on Sundays trom the milk station.
On April 25, the dismissal ot Jews trom academic poets was ordered. The dismissal is to be accomplished by the end ot May, with the exception ot a tew persona ackno~ledged to be economically i~ portent.
On April 27 appeared the decree designating the homes and plaoee ot residence ot the Jews. Even before this, after Budapest was bombed, Jewish dwellings had been requisitioned. The Central Council had to provide 500 lodgings within 24 hours. The Jews were charged with turning their brothers out ot doors within a tew hours, and those dislOdged 1n this manner were compelled to leave all their furniture behind in their homes , as well as the bed and table linen required by those moving in. When it appeared that 500 dwellings did not stand ready tor disposal at the stated time, it was ordered that 500 more dwellings be banded over within 24 hours, and two members ot the Jewish Council were taken into custody; they were forced to sit in one spot with t heir faces turned to the wall until the Jewish community handed over the keys to the 1,000 dwellings.
The decree provided the basis tor the sending away ot trom towns with lese than lOiOOO population, and the creation ghettos in cities with over 0,000 population .
Jews ot
On the eame day permission to oarr.r weapons was taken away trom the Jews.
On April 30 appeared a decree on "Safe~ardlng Hungarian Cultural Lite trom the Works ot Jewish Authors , in accordance with which t he works ot Jewish writers had to be taken out ot lendlng libraries and public libraries and macerated.
On t he same day a review was ordered ot the distinction earned dur1hg the occupation following t he former world war.
On May 2 Jews were forbidden to visit public baths.
On Kay 6 the protit-br1ng1ng licenses, euch as shop-keepers' licenses and tavern licenses were taken away from the Jews. Since these licenses had already been taken awa.r by earlier decree, this new prohibition tell on those categories which bad pre•iousl.y been exempted, t hat is, t boee who acquired merit 1n t he war, war-widows and orphans , as well as those baptir.ed Jews who, on account ot the nsw decrees on racial grounds, were not accounted Jews.
On Kay 13 the categories ot exceptions from t he anti-Jewish decrees were revised, after which t he various orders permitted only very rare exceptions . In consequence ot these new regulations t he only exemptions wer. for t hose of great military iaportance, 75• war-1nvalide1 counter-revolutionary activities, fitting behavior during the occupa~ion (after the first world war), while baptized Jewe married to Ar.yane were exempted only from wearing the badge, trom the prohibition against traveling, and from t he prohibition against employing Aryan servant a.
On Uay 20 the premieee of a few Jewieb entrepreneurs were also closed (ha1rdreseere, inns, reetaurante, hotels, garages,etc.) .
II,
The seizure ot Jews had alread7 begun on !larch 19. Without any kind ot deoree wh1oh would have forbidden traveling, every Jew who appeared at the station , whether going on a journey or arriving from one, was arrested and taken to ja11 and from there to the camp at K1starcaa. About 2000 peraone were interned in this way; they were crowded into t he Kietarcsa i nternment camn which was intended tor about 300 persons, and which already had earlier inmates, 80 that the overwhelming aajori ty ot the men lq on bare ground, and in 1n
dividusl barracks there was not even apace to lie down. On account of the fact that in a few dqe the people became lousy, ever.rone wae shorn and disinfected. The commandant ot ~le camp did his beat to improve it, but the overcrowding ot the camp vitiated these exertions.
Children under 15 years old were let out of the camp , together with their mothers and pregnant women, ae well as women over 55 a.nd men over 65 ;rears old. The remai nder stared under arrest, without any regard to whether t hey had wanted to fly the country, were going to work, or simply went to the station to meet someone.
On Kay 20, 250 proDinent Jews were arrested, who were taken firet to the build1ng of the Rabbinical Seminary, and later to Kiatarosa. From this time on t he bu1ld1ng of the Rabbinical Semi-nary was a collection camp. Here the Central Council of Jews had to collect those to be arrested, the list of whose names was given out from time to time by the authorities . To this category belonged various journalists excluded from t heir aesoc1ationa, about 300 lawyers, and countless other people euamoned for one reason or another - - tor example, after denunciation. They were interned without determining whether t hey were guilty or inno~ent,
'l'he man-hunt 1.n the streets began. Jewe were interned without rhyme or reaeon, under the moat diverse oircumetanoee. The order on t he wearing of the ;rellow star left room for doubt ae to whe t her it was alec to be worn in offices and ehops. During the t1rat two days, those who were found 1n these places wi t hout t he star were taken to Jail and fined; later t hey were interned. All thoee who, later, were pioked up on the etreet, were interned on the ground th~t they were either not wearing the etar, or not wearing it according to the regulations.
A !ew German aold1ers b roke into shops and homes and simply arrested those who resisted them,
Politicians, prominent parsons, and those who plAJed a part in public at!a irs, were taken 1nto cuatod7 and held 1n oustod7 in moat varied places (in the cellar or the Hotel Astoria, in the Royal Academy o! Science , ln the pr ison o! the courthouse o! the Budapest region, 1n the Bchwabenberg, etc,) . Later a oaap was set up on the l eland Oeepel; at present there are !1ve such camps. People are interned 1n t heee as well as in t hree other camps 1n Budapest which previouslY had served !or refugees.
Sinoe the Jewleh hospital wee oon!1soated !or an SS oamp hospital, t he patients had to be taken to t wo charity hospitals. I t even happened that those sent by the doctor to the hospital were br ought bao~ into t he oamp by t he authorities without another aed1oal exutnati on.
On April 15 began the internment o! the refugees still at large . Those visitors who appeared at the police station tor the monthly prolongation or their reeidenoe permits were siaply arrested there and brought to the camp. X..ter they began to arrest foreigners 1n their homes .
Engliah and AIDerloan Jews were brought to a separate Jell,
The travel-prohibition explicitly stated that it was not forbidden to ride on the i nterurban trains or the streetcar. Believing this, the Jews !rom the outskirts ot Budapeat rods cala1Y to their places o! work and back, and on certain dAJa these, too, were arrested and taken awtJ •
Along about the last daYs o! Karoh there began the internmente throughout the length o! the land, The overwhellling aajori ty ot t hose Jews· prominent i n public at!a1rs . ae well ae those who oonoerned thems elvea wlth political llte , were interned, The reasons given !or the iht ernment were t hat it was to be understood tha t those concerned l istened to foreign broadcasts or wore engaging themselves in Ooamunlat propaganda activities . This was also t he exouse given i n the case o! orthodox rabbis. The nUEbar o r these internees waa between two or t hree thousand.
These internees were t aken to jail, as well as to camps in Garany;Caorgo, Nagykanizaa , Baostopolya and UJazentgyorgy .
The deportation o! internees began on April 28 , on wh1oh dlV' 1,170 pers ons !roll IC1etaroaa, 400 !rom the Jail, and 214 refugees !rom the building o! tho Rabbinl oal Seminary were transported. Thie transport consisted o! men and women between 16 and 50.
On the same da1 those oersone between 16 and 60 were deported froa the oamp 1n Nagykanizsa, ae well as the whole CaiDp or Baoatopolya. The transport !roo Nagykanizsa consisted o! at least 2000 persons, that !rom Bacatopolya or about 1000 persona ,
III.
The concentration or Hungarian Jews began on Apri l 16, 1944 , Everywhere and alwa.Ys i t occurr ed 1n the same manner, First, the precipitate concentration in the ghetto , then after continuing deterioration or conditione , t he concentra-tion in bri ckyards, in courtyards without water on bare ground; the plunde.ring or all uterial poaeeeeione or the Jews, and then brutal questioning accompanied by grose bodily mistreatment to find out where valuable obJect s were hidden, and lastly deportation: 70 people in one railroad oar, with one bucket or water a& J;:'ov18ion t or the Journey , We oaMot describe i n detail the progress ot concentr ation i~ll places , although the data are a t hand, but we wi l l g ive a brier account or the short lit e or a r ew characteristic concentra t ion campe ,
Nxlreg;rhaza
April 16 , To llyiregyhaza, and Simapunta 12 kilo11eters away, were brought the Jews tro.m 46 surrounding co=un1t1es , In Nyi regyhe.za itself, 4120 Jews already there a.nd 6639 from the surrounding country, that is, 10,759 persons, were crowded togeth er in 123 houses . The rloorspaoe ot t hese 123 houses , counting kitchens and hall~s as well, amounted t o about 9666 square meters so t hat eaoh person did not have so much as a square meter to himself , Aooordi ng to orders , each person could take with him, in addition to the clothes on hie back, two seta ot underclothing and a packet or 50 kilograms , which had to hold rood tor two weeks , Unrortunat elJ the Jews in the prov1noee were driven together so suddenly by t he gen~rmes, that they could take not hing with them a t all , An exurple is the case or the Jews rrom fly irbatori who were taken to Slllapuszta, On Aprll 21, Friday n1ght at 1 o'clock, they were taken rrom t heir homes by strange gendarces, and at about 1 or 2 o ' clock at n1ght were loaded in rar111-carts out ot other villages and brought to Simapuezta with great brutality,
May 1, The eituation has etrikinsly deteriorated, From those streets designated as the ghetto in Nyiregyhaza the people were brought to Padopuszta, where the arrangements tor provisions are very bad, They requested covers, straw sacks, and especially straw, so t hat at least they can protect the old and the sick trom lJing on the bar e ground,
Way 5 , Those Jews from the surrounding country concentrated in Nyiregyhaza were taken trom the oity to the rarm or Baron Uolnar, wher e t hey were put into frightf ully crowded tobacco barns, 7n the whole place there was only a elngle well, 150 meters' distance r rom the camp, where the people could come and go t o get water only when accompanied by a gendarme, The moat pitiful part, however , i e that the i nhabitants or Ny1regyhaza 1tselr, who after gross ill-treatment were placed in the ghetto, which they had a1mos t comple t ely furnished , were toroed on account or the new decree to leave it.
Mq 7. In earl)' dawn the camp at ll:yirJeepuszta, lUte the one in Simapuszta , wae surrounded by gendarmes, eo that trom now on nobody oan come near t he onmp. The people are otarving, every day they get 100 gr . bread and ae many beans , They have no money , and only thos e clothes which they have on,
May 8 . The transporting from N:yiregyhaza keeps on, Wore or the members or the Jewish Council and the tront- t ightere are now there. In llyirJespuszta ~~ere are still 5666 people, orowded together in the space of a few square meters . Treat ment is l ike that 1n the concentration oamp. The camp is all the more unbearable, because the only well is begi nning to get f ouled, The water shortage 1n 81mapuszta is even greater than 1n NyirJee. Today the oamp at Harangodpuazta is beginning t o be t1lled.
May 10, The transportat i on by Horangodpuezta goes on. The capacity of the tobacco barns there is not greater than 3000 oersons , but on Uay 10 t hey brought there a large number of people in conditions ot dangerous overcrowding. The oamp has absolutely no water, since the attempt to dlg a well was unsucoeeetul. Although the authorities allowed the bringing of urgent necessities the gendarmes took all necessities away from the people at the entrance of the camp, even t he greater part ot the food, In the camps or Simzpuszta, VarJulapos and llyireJes , the dail)' food ration per oapita ie 100 gr . bread, 100 gr. potatoes, and 10 gr. oil.
May 15 , Uonday in the early morning hours t h e first 3 ,200 people, among them old people, invalids, infants , pregnant women wera put 70 per ear into railroad cars with gross bodily iil-treatment , the surrounding population kept completely at a distance, to go to an "unknown destination••
1lay 22, In the early morning we learned by telephonic report that the number of those shipped ott is over 9,600, There are no longer concentration camps in NyirJes and Harangod puar;ta, in Sil'lapuazta there are still 760 people , in Nyiregyhar;a there are only the ~:~embers or t he Jewish Oouno11 let t .
Uay 23. Even the 760 Jews from Nyiregyha~a lett 1n Simapuszta were tlllten away 1n ra1lroad oars .
June 6. Through a teleohone oonversat1on with the pollee we learned t hat all Jews trom Ny1regyha~a and t he surr oundi ng •pus~taa• are already taken away, among thea also the Ohiet Rabbi Dr. Bela Bernstein.
Mankaos .
Apri l 20. The Jews from Munkaoe , a bout 16,000 eoule , wer~ confined to 12 alleys . The Jews belonging to the Xom1tat Bereg,. about 20, 000 ot them, were oonoentrated in the briokyarda ot Kallus and SaJovios . Sinoe t hey could take neither money nor tood with ~1em, the oamp ia pitiful and oatastro~io,
May 1. The German soldiers broke into the ghettos, during which many livee were saor1ticsd. Word came or t hree cases or typhus . On account or shortages or medicine and rood, the camp ls horrible. One doctor and one engineer committed suicide.
~ay 9 . Two members or the Jewish Council were shot, the others seriously ill-treated.
May 14 . The sltuatlon ln the ghetto 1n the olty, and especially in the two brickyards, has markedly deteriorated einoe Sunday morning. The Jewish tunctionartes and the Jewish auxiliary police were forbidden to leave the ghet tos, l.e. the camps , whloh heretotore had been allowed. The brickyards were surrounded by camp pollee, and with t h1s begins the transportation of those concentrated there. Families were not separated, employables and unemployables were put lnto railroad cars under the most dreadful circumstances, accompanied by terrible atrocities . On Monday a tresh transport was sent on tte way. The number or the members or the Jewish Council waR reduced trom 12. to 6.
May lB. The larger camp, where approximately 13,000 persons were crowded together, was completely empti ed by Wednes~~:r. atter the transportation which began on Sunday. The transport -- 70 to BO persons per car - - was sent in the direction or Kassa. Those transported might take nothing wlth t hem, t heir better clothes were taken ott them, and eadh railroad oar had only one bucket or water . These Jews, tormented to death, tried to break out ot the oar in Satoraljaujhely, and 30 or them luckily lost tbeir lives in this way. The smaller camp was also liquidated. Those persons brought trom Uunkaos to the ghetto number ?,ooo. The Jews rrom Munkaos , who were brought to the ghetto, were transterred under dittioult conditions to the empty bigger camp early in the morning or the 17th. The circumstances or the transter were so brutal, that some persons attacked the pollee with knives . Hereby five Jews lost their lives . Those belonging to the categories or exceptions , even those doctors traneterred here trom the Ministry ot t he Interior, underwent the eame tate .
Jolay 30. l?e received t he following shattering intormatlon: 0 Munkacs, Huezt , Nagyszollos are empty. The Jews were all transported away.•
Nagyv' arad.
May 3. In the very early morning the ghetto placards appeared, and already at 5 o1 olook in the morning a detective accompanied by a policeman took all va ltmbles from the Jews, and gave them 15 to 20 minutes to pack the most necessary clothes, bed-linen and provisions t or 14 days. In one room 16 to 18 persons were crowded together, the windows on the street were boarded up, the ghetto was surrounded.
MAT 11, The guard on the surrounded ghetto wae strengthened on the llth. 'lhe pol1oe on duty there were replaced by gendarmes, eo that it was imposeible to approach the ghetto, As an lndlcatlon of the strict ness of the watch, those atreets 1 one aide or which belonged to the ghett o, such ae for example Kartes~, s~aoavay and Kapuoinue Alley , were watched by the gendarmes, who allowed the Obr1etian 1nhabitante to go only on the eldewallt , Thoee eo-called rioh Jews~ or t hose oonaidered rich, were without exception arreeted, They found themeelvea under arrest ln the pollee station, and 1n the Gendarmerie or the city, where t hey had to undergo devilish treatment. Through tb1s meane t hey tried to get them to tell where t hey had hidden their alleged valuablee , The Jewlsh Council was likewiae arrested,
flay 24, The 1 l1ttle ghet'to, • where the J ews from the JUrrounding country vrere concentrated, is now completely Ampti ttd , The peopl e, tormented half to death, wer e put into r&ilroad cars , 70 each, The large ghetto waa more strictly surrounded and the anguieb continued,
llay 25 . The entrairment ccntlnuee, tlagyva.r ad is empty of Jewe .
hssa
April Kassa as a to three , Kassa were
28 . Eleven streets ware aao1gned to the Jews of gheUD, On the ~Oth of April these were reduced Finally , however, the greater part of the Jawe of taken and placed ln the brickyard,
May 2. The tate or the 12,000 Jews ln the brickyard ls catas trophic. Women, children, and old men are, indeed, sheltered under a roof in a drying-room ot the brickyard, but the poor people, deprived of all their poaaessions, cannot be protected there, aa the drying-rooms have no aide-walla . Since the deportees had to leave their homes , which later were completel7 plundered, very suddenly, they came to the brickyard withou t the bareet necessit1ee and wnbout provisions . Only 60 per cent of the depor tees had provisiono , Drinking water was brought once dAi ly in the cit7 spr inkling carts .
Kay a. From a true old friend a prominent peroonslity, we received the following lener : ')'or some hours I am out o f the horror s . The oommun1t7 kitchen needed me for a certain work, and I oame out for a abort time . I 8l:l atrald I cannot et and it f or long for we are suffering beyond description. We lie in the duet , have nei ther etraw-mattreeaes nor covers, and will free~e to death, The place ie s ealed, I do not eee any way out , Do not send me anything, we don ' t get it anyway. For some days we still have something to eat , how it will be later on , only God knows, There are about 16 000 pereons here. The ocmmunity-kitchen now gives us, aft er long waiting 1n line, a sort of ooup- liquid, but who will continue t o support this institution? The community won't be able to do so . I have not eaten for days , and hope in this way to shorten my way . We are eo neglected, that we do not look huJDan an,y more , '!here 1a no poeaib1l1tJ for clee.JUng anything, We have no t taken ott our clothes since coming here, Beet greetlnga to you all , pray for us that we ehall die soon.•
llq 1&. '!'be f11·•• e18bt baft"aolte of the oa11p1 were .-ued. With that began the lallt etas• of the eutfer1nl of the Jen troa ~.sa. F1nt 4,800 pereone were put into raUro.d oan. \'hit aen and bo71 were ooiaJ)lehl7 undraued w:ld.er 1111 OJ)&n alt7, in front of the oan, eo that the7 might h14e nothing. 'l'he waaan and alrle were exaained 1n the ... e •e:t b7 the gendanlu in the bai'J'aoke. The foUl' ... lt6 of oonoantre,ion ha,• ao 0011pletel7 ru!.Ded our brothere, t hat eight of th• died when put into the oar a. In eaoh oar were put, with teJ'J'if71ng brutal1t7, "10 to 80 pereona.
M1Q- 18. \'he .,.ouaUon 18 going on. The oonoantraUon ... P wae OOIIJ)lltel7 out off troa the outer world b7 the gand&r11u and poUo-1. . &•en the •••ben of the Jewieh Oo\IDoll were not allowed to appro.oh the ~· . '
Kay 20 . In the e"lf'll1ng, at e o' oloolt the -b•r• ot the Jewieh Oounell were arreeted. 'l'ho .. ~l"ieUane who helped the Jewe 1n eoae war were al ao put into OAl"' and taken awar tosethu with the Jen.
J\IDe 7. In l.aeea there are no aore Jewe. I n the , .. e br ea1lar o1rouaetanon the whoa Jn1eh population of Hungarr, • Uh the exoepUon of Bu4apeet, -• oOIUientrated. Du1"1ft8 the next 4&7• the ordare relatl,e to Budapeet ware made publlo, and thare wae no doubt whit fate wae ln 1tore for the laat d. tr 1n ftungarr wb1oh up to that tae wae not 71t eubJ eot to oonoantraUon. At that tlae the fbllow1ng ' oit1u were ' coapletel7 8tlpt7 of Jewe: Munltaos , ' Ungnr, Beregnan, · Haaruollbe - Hunt, a.u-az.o .. s1get, · •~ra4, Ncli&JQ-a, · Baeatel"'e, foloea"tar, Xaro1Yaaarhitl7, Saataarneaeti, Matl1aaallta, BaJa IS&l"'e, BaodoJ>Ol7•, VJ•1delt, ' S.abadlta Zitnta ZO.bor · » u;.;b,a, Gtongtoe, S.toNlJail~helJ 1 ' 8aroepa,&Jt1 • Silh.ac7111abo; 8aaurecell, 8epllueA'iJorl1, !eoeo, Altnaealahna NagrJtaJ'C)iT, FeleoYlao, lfiiC)"Itanbea, la .. a, Dee, IIJ11"1£1haa&, ihwarda.
' t
'l'he population of the following oU1ee, tocitther with the Jnilh poJ)ulaUon of the IUJ'II'OUD41ng oo\IDtrr, wae oonoantl"ated in ghetto• and will b1 deported ' in the next few 41:111 loaarom, O,or, Dunauu4ahel7, 111all:olo, P111,
There follow the etat1etioe on our brothers deported froa eaoh ind1Y1dual o1t71
SybgtJWth1aa
lolunkaoa Ung"tar Beregeaau HA17UOllOI Hunt ltlaraaarou1ge' Fello"Ybo '1'1010 AltnaulaUna Xaa
Mj OOO ·~ l2 000 • e'ooo • a'ooo •
121000 • 12'ooo • :~'~o • a' ooo • :s' &00 • • §.OOQ 1 106,000 aoule
'frepal u an1a: '
lfa{gbal\7& 1•;ooo I OUl l Beaateroe a , ooo I
l oloaa't'ar l81ooo • Maroa'f'a ... rhel)' s,ooo I
NagTTara4 26 000 I
De a s'ooo I
8&1ag71011]J'0 a 'ooo • 8&asregen s1 ooo • ' ,
I Bepa1uentg70l"J 1-090 e.,ooo eouh
Upper Hurw&rYI ' , .... 1~ 1 ooo eoul!
Batoral JauJhe]J', Barotpatak 1&'000 • , • G7ongot O. QOQ 30, 000 eoull
Upptr '1'f1ph1p& '
H71reg7hua 18 ' 000 IOUl.! 1111Tarda 1.2
1000 I
Mateualka 121000 I
Saat aarne••U u'ooo • ' Hag)-karo]J'
, • 8.QQQ '70 , 000 IOUl l
South Hpwuz!
Rao~an1ua 7 '000 IOPle BaJa a'ooo • Bar es 21ooo • Baoetopol)'a
, I 5, 000
UJT1dek, Biabad-ka, ' Z.enta, Zom- • bor,Muraltoa 3.000 20, 000 10111 1
all fro• the 16th ot 14&7 to the lOtbot
:5:5&, 000 J ewa 4eJ)Orte4 tro• Rung&r7 . June , there were 1n
Fl fliBlT M
PARI' II 'Budaped J uly
On the baeis of r e l1ablo 1rdomst1on, 90'% of the Jew" deported f~om Hung&Jy ver~ t aken to Auaohwitz in Upper S1 leai a .
We a r e in posoeasion of an $xaot description of the exte rmination oamp, Ausobwits. From our de tailed p:rotoool r el.nt i1'e to th1a, whioh 1e well authenticat ed and confirmed from a81'eral aourooa, we a r e only giving a ohort extract. The protocol was taken wo:rd for word frot• t he depoa1tion of 'liwo youna Slovakian Jews, One of them was taken on Apri l 13, 1942, from the oonoentration oamp of Scere d to Auaohwitz and !:rom ther e t o Birkenau, and tho other oamo on June 14, 1942, from the oall!p near liowalr:y to Lublin, and from t here to B~rkenau and le.ter to Aueohw1ta. Thgae two deported Slovakian Jew~ auoceeded, after long preparaUon and euperhuJUn exertions, in 111-oaping, e.nd t hey nre now in n eutra l territory.
~In Ausohwitz we were brought d ireotly to a big barracks . On one s i de of the ba~oka we had t o atrtp a nd ghe up our olothss and va luables . I.n thie state we wont to a neighboring barraoka , wher e aft e r b eing complet e ly s horn we were disinfected with Lyeol. z .,ch one received a nu&ber upon l eP.ving t he l».rraoltu. The numbers b egan ·~~.aoo . W11;h this number ln our hand.a we we r e driven t o a t hird bar rnolta, where, ae a s ign of our adaieeion, the number waa tat1ooed on the l eft breast in the moat brutal aanner. From ther e we were driven, a hundre d at a time, into a oellar, and ~hen again into a barraoke, where we reoeil'ed the olothea of ooln' lote and wooden aboes , these olothee were taken from u11 on the aaM afternoon, and we r e oe1Yed old r agged Rueaian unifo:rme. Thus we wer e br ought to Birlr.enau.
"The camp oollllllanda..nt of Auachwitz s upen'i8ed the wor k oamp of Birken au a nd Harmanae, t he small farm of t he camp. The prisoners were p rovided with oonseouUve nlllllbers aooording to t heir entry into the oamp. At the Ume of our eaoape , in the beginning of Apri 1, 19«,, t hee e nu111bers amounted to 180,000. Later tbti number• were taUooed on the l eft foot. Al though t he treat111ent of the prisoner s wae the sue for all, sti ll tbey we:ro dltfer cntiated aooording to naUonaUty and category of the 101'11181 , b7 mean• of diffe rent oolo:red trianclea With differ ent letters on their outer clothing. (Pertinent details a re to be found in the or iginal pro~oool . ) On the ground• of the OSIIJl a t Auaohw1 tz ar e the workebopa of the DAW ( Gel'lllan Al'Ulllent Worn), of the fil'lll8 of Xrupp and Sie11ene , a lArgo factory of the BUllA u nder construc t ion . Her e J1W17 of the prillonera work .
"The aotua l groundS of the oamp oover a aur!ac e of 500 by 300 met er s , surrounded by a double r ow of oonorete pillara and high t ension wires. Between t he two f enoee , about 150 mete r s o.part, ther e a r e watobtowere nbout five metere hi gh, which a.re provided wi th maoh1ne-guna and aearohllghh . In fron t of t he i nner e leot rio tenoe goes an ordinary wire !enoe . AnY diaturba noe oven. a t thla f enoe 1a anawered by t11'1Dg ~rom the wat ob-towera. Tb1a ayate~ of guatding ie c alled the ' l ittle Chain of posts•. The oamp itself oonaieta of three rowe of h ouaea.
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Aoroee fro~ t hese stands the blg ohaln o! poets, whloh surrounds the whole oaazp 1n a olrole of about two kilomet ers, w1'th watoh-towere 150 meters apart. On the camp grounde, between the little and the big oha1n of poete are the varloue workehope and labor areal. The l i ttle ohaln o! poete le guarded on~ at nlgbt, and at the same time the eleot1'1o current il turned on 1n the double wire !enoee. In the morninga, when the garrieon of the little obain of poete goee off duty, the towere of the b1g oha1n of poeta are -.nned by guardl. It 11 nearly 1mpou1ble to get through both ohalne of poetB. The guazd.e in the big Ohain of poete are r e lieved on}T after the nUIIber of prhonen 1n the little chain of poete h oontl.raed. When an eecape 1a u.dB, e1reiUI are blown, aDd with the help of ss aen and bloodlloundl the fugUlve h hunted tor three daye. After tuee d&Je the eearoh 1B g1ven Up. If the fulitive ie caught alive, he il hanged 1n the preeenoe of the whole camp. But 1f cn}T hh oo:rpee 1a found, 1t 1t brought bact to the entrance of the cup and a tablet 1t pat 1n Ua hand w1 th the 1neor1ptlont •aere I am .•
"When we got to Birkenau, there were furnished a kitchen eet up for 15,000 peopl P. , two completed houeee, and one under oonet:ruotion. Each building 1a about 300 equare mete:re blg, and 400 to 600 peraolUl a r e crowded together 1n them.
"Three daye after my a r1'1T&l I waa sent with 200 9lovak1an Jewa to work ln the DAll' of Aueohwitz. Our llv1ng quarters were at111 1n B1rkenau.~lfe a day we got something to eat. Noontlmee a liter of turnip eoup, and 1n the even1nae 3)0 gl'&IDI of bad bread. Worlti1!3 conditions were the wont and ha.fteet 1aag1nable, eo that moat of ue, veal::ened by bunger and unnour1eh1ng food, oou 14 not etand up Wider 1 t. Out ot our working gzoup, 30 to 3!5 ,peopl e 4184 dally. Many were 1111p~ atruok down while working b)' the •Oapoe' (cwereee:r). The def1o1enoy reaultlng troca thle wae 4&117 made Up tr .. thoae lett in Birkenau. When the eeoond tranapo:rt arr1ve4, alter U daye, out of e>Ul' t:raiUipol't of 650 pereona on}T 1150 people weJ'e lett in the eo-called 'llot houee' • To 1t were brought the uneaployable p:rleonera. We oounted. about 150 dead dally. The ooJ'])eea were deUYered to the Aueohw1ts oreato:rlum.
'At t he same t1•e began the eo-cal led 'Se lection • • EYery "eelt, llondaye and Thurldaya, the 8t9":S~r dete1'111ned the number ot prieone:re who were to be gall ~ r bodlu bumed. Those ee-Q.loted were loaded on a t:raot, whloh brought the11 t o the nelghbo:rlng B1rli:enwa14 . 'llhoefer ar:rlTed there aUTB waa ~ued and burnet! ln a pit. In the aiok houae, the notorioue 'Block R'o. 71 , a bout 2000 people d1e4 weekly, of whom about 1,300 dled a •natural' death, and about 800 through ' Seleot1on 1 • ~
(In the or iginal pr otocol there f ollows her e v ery exact i nformation on the origin, number a nd 1de nt1tying numbers of the deportees.)
IDiaiT M
PARr III
Jlepo:rt of a ""'priaa .. po:rtH -b011 tile olltoild.utlllll oup
Ill IIIII&Jiael wo won ll:roqld la tlnilllo ol-nano .. Utrotller wUla otller 1 ... h011 .-. YltlD.Uy, to a ll:rloll:raM ouUl4o tho oUy . tlle:ro wore a fft tlaouoaa4 of u, 1lllo -.cl .. •tlJ h 11Yo la tlao ..,.a. u flnt wo I'MelYe4 Utollltel.J anlalJtc to oat, _. bal. to ..a out Wltll tho otoou wo lur~ld ritla •• &114 paonh •oa by triollb UYllla l a lluakato. U.to:r tllq opoao4 a kUolaoa, f"' wbloh wo ,., 2u1t aOII.I(b to keep uo tlr011 ltal'flq. tlae •• were takea out to won, t)My ba4 to do qulh polD.Uo .. ID4 wo:rtllloll labor. tllq Rro otu:ro}J 'tleaha &114 ounllo4 for lloun. Allq othlln, a lllmprlu otftoor ~o4 llt.olt ., e l7 lift~ 1.lJ •
Wo41lolld.q, tile lfth of llq tld.l you, 1,300 ot 111 wen paoll:o4 hto e tnlpt-oan, 'PI 1a a oa:r. •• won 1014 lD. llelaalt of 111'· lplopl, wbo na tile olaallto17, tllat tile IU'tt!:r. llzo4a~a w on aalu a alllloa Jlltn&o to aalllo 111 10 be bll:a la , to BOJOtllag. Oo•~ qaonU.Y, " loft illllJibeO ln tile 'beUet t!lat wo wue tGliiC to So:rotllaer h wo2t: . 4a WI puao4 lato:ra12&111laolJ, •- lll ou ou Up:rtl014 a oo:rtaln clOIIbt, boeau.ao tiler lliln~alucl tlaat we "" plq 1Jl tho cllUOft of r.a1a, not lfdotbacr. ADd OUI'o oJlOIII)l wo .... h bl • . Ther1 the oa:re were opened 111114 Jiwllh Mnon of labor llaUaUoM pYa Ill watu . They t ol4 DO t~t wo ohcllll4 Mite a1 auoh water u we o011l4 1toot ap, beoaaoe we woul4 pt no aor o atll :roaohlJii ou 4on1naUoa. fhlo pl'O'Iocl to be tl'uo. Wo tNYelsd for thno 4a.Y1 wUbout tlae oar do01'1 bol D.& opeaod.. I do not blow tiM cll:rtnlon of tho jOUZMf• A few, wlao ltoo4 by the wladow, l ald that we puooctlrakau. On Satu:r4ay, Mar .80th, we a:rrlYed, &thl' a foarlul trip. tbere waa no lt&Uon to be 1oen, but there aun !I&Ye llooa ODe falrlf neu, oinoo tbere wen II&DJ 1'&111'0&4 h'aou there. Bee1M1 ou t:ranapon tbel'e wore tll:reo otber ~epo:rto 11o&llcl1q on the t:raeko, two fr011 Bllboupatlall, O'DII fl'oa Bulb , • !lad to set oat. the 11efr" -.c~ to be len ln till oan. Thlo .. tall:e otrt by JOI!Dg people w1 ~tripod ol.otheo, .... l'ld wUh :rod oolor. le were lepal'l!tecl lnto th:reo po~q~or l) ¥en, 2) Clhll41oll woaon u4 glrlo 3) loaoa wlth ohUdlru. The ho flnt gnup1 wen lod otf 1n a dn~ d on where a few llollooo wuo to be 1••· A ._ller poop ot tbe Juab glrl11 _ about 70 1n 111111111'1 wore taka ....,. lop&fthli. •• won 1!a11137 aM h1ntr and eopoalal~ tile olall4:rOD o:rlod. 'l'lle o.- tol4 Dl tlaa\ •• wouid IN lrathlt tlnt, ad 'hen wo WOIIld r et water uu1 ll:road and ju. 11 wue then 114 a.., . W1 won' alo~QS by a wire t e11101 . Jlolalncl thl1 w11r e llou1e1 uul wo oaw tbere •-n allll a:lrll wo:rll:laa, 1n ltripl4, laooro4 o~hel, Soaewlaa' 1\l:rtiMr 1111 we - two luge thlmoy1, 1lld.la1' to faoto:ry olll•eyo, t1'CIII wlaloh tiMn allot pa\ flaaeo . !hoy ooul4 hu.llJ baTe be l.ongot to a f..-17, h...,e:r, ollllle the llu.ll41111(1 belCID~tlna to thea 414 not look Ull:e a foato:ry. U wu lald t!lat tho .. wore till athlng p laou. I ooul4 not lleUou th11, h-e:r.
•• ftllt on. After about a ca-.rto:r of a llou:r we oaae to a UUlo wood.le had to 1U doa 1ll a oloa:rtq. 'rho tlall41'a woul4 not otop otJlJur , l e won apln ._.. t!lat we n:ro to llo llatho4, tlaon •• would ret all wo noetH. Pa:rt of our S1'0ilJI •1 1-ocll&hl.J lecl oa a Uttle tllnhe:r.
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They had to ~mdreee and wer e led naked to be bathed. Shortly thereaft e r we aaw 1n the dietanoe a great flame epreading out. I wae Tery f:r1ghtened and thought only of how I oou14 get any. I no longer beU.eYed that we wer e going to be be.thed. The other women did not belteT e it, either . Many of them repeated the p%ayer of the dy1ng (Widuj). Then we were ordered to go furthPr to undreee. I decided not to go along . I bung back a l1 tt l e , took rq child by the hand and ran into the neighboring wood. I looked b&ok, nobodr not toed lllll, eo I ran rather tro111 the f1:re • II ee.nwh1le 1t had beoome ev en1ng. I went on . It wa• already late when I came to a ewamp, and could go no longer. We eat down and slept a little . The nezt day I followed a path, and afte r apparently td:ing a :roundabout •e.:~ oaae to a Tillage. I went to the etatlon, it wae oalled. Jawilowion.. I had no money and no papera at all. On t he way I met a Pol11h f&rJDe~1 to wh0111 I eold. a tabl.eoloth I had w%apped around li)"Belf, and a OUIA&Gil ooru I had with me, tor 20 Rll. I had to waU a long t1•1 at JawliOIJiOaa etaUon. I did not know ln which di-reOUon I ought to tranl. I oould. 1peak with no 011e. The tamer told me in an~wer to my (IUeltlon u to how I llight fat to Hungary (naturall;r I wanted to go back to HUngary) t:hat he 414n' know, but -r'flfff I mu1t go in the direotlon of Blelhs. So I boupt II)'Mlf a tto:tn. There were Oei'ID&l1 1old.1eu at t:b.e etatlon, wllo lOoked at ae qu11Sioally, 'bllt ln the en4 t hey did not ltop ae. InBlellh I got off the train and wUed there another long tlae. l girl aclrleed me U I wanh4 to get; to Hungary, tb&t I bad to go to Z'l'arlllw. So I bought qeelf a tloJcet tor zYa:rdor. I arr1nd ln zYudor toward enning. I u:ted a rai).:road -.n how I could get t o Hunp.:rr. He uked me whether I had papere. I anawe:red, of oouna. I a1Jc1d !or a tlo:tat for 81loJYa, beo&u.u I II&W exutl.y the eaae mountallll a• we have at bema, &D4 I a11uaad fros tbat that I wae near home • They anne red •• that they did not know the Oi ty • I w.e taken to an old genUe-.n, who also didn't ant to know anything about th11 oity. I •11• UJced, where the ltaUon wa1; I naturally anewe:rad, in Hungary. They asked me egain, if I had pape:ra, I ea1d I did. S1noe 1 t wu eYBilijg, I eald thet I would look tbea up and ehow tbem next morning. They were satidlad with th11. 81noe I napral}T wun•t go1ng to nlt Ull111l morning to 1ho1r t:he papare, I went any fro• the lt:atlon in the direction of the mountallll on foet. I spent the night l:n the wood•, 1n the mo:rnlng I O&lll to a hunter• a boule ant !Liked, how I could get t o SloTaJcia. I bad been to14, in the meantllllll, that BloraJcla -.rae ewer there. I wu :reOelTed ln an lt11f1'1end)T war and went on . t.ahl' I &eked people how to get to SlaraJcla, the 41raot1on wa1 pointed out to me, but I ne t old tllat in th1e d1reotion there wae a bo:rder guard, and one could only pall there with papera. I natural}T aeae:rte4 that I bad thaee , but went ln another direOUon. I o~ back to l'oUIJl te:rrUo:ry. A day and a night I wandered around, until I aw !ane:re worJcing 1n a Tall ey, who told me, that I "If& II on SloTall:lan ground.
f:rau 1a~1oa
IDllll! I
!'he Pn••t ftate of MeUUWI Takea 'DJ' n ..
~·~~ Ocwe~t w1 th rep.M ~o .lftn U
aa tollftes
l .
1. '!'be 41apatoh of J rtn for work ab110a4 h h._pon.1tllf eue
pen4a4.
a. tu Y1n of p110poula auwu .. 'DJ' the llra411h Rid Oroaa,
~he :t..1paU011 Oo.ma11011 of Pal•\lne, hu ... Uted 'llr ihl 8wlaa
Lep.U011, aa well 11 bir t~e wu W.... loaM, the Bl!npr1111 QoYu~
r1111\ laaa au~h0111 .. 4 n • ..tpaUo11 .t Jna ~o 8wed111, lhr1iaerlall4.
,_lel'\llle 1114 other eouautea.
(a) To Bweden, w1th111 U• &tonii!IIIUoned aoope ot aoUon of
the 91rl411h Ra4 o:ro11, J•• no w1U obtaln f:roa a. IL the ltlJac ot
SweM:D Swe4Uh aaU-U\J .aF lllipa\8.
Jftl 'Wbo hiYI :rtlaUYII 1Jl ltweOin, o:r haYI bad. 0-1'01&1 IOD
IIIOUODI f01t lOIII UM wUb ~-~ OOUrRliJ' _, n1cah h 8wedllll or
PaleaUne.
Thll oatep:ry 1Mlaa4el betw•11 400 Md. 500 ponona.
(b) W.1paUoll to Paleetbe, wlth the aa.tai&DDe of \bl 1•1-
paUOD 0~111Gil ot Pale nlne &114 wlth \hi 1Dhn'811UCIII of \he
8sr1 .. LegaU on at I!Udapen, bu b .. n authori. .. 4 h eeyual Oouee""•
of J ....
!'he abon -aenUoae4 por1o111 11111 ealpah ~o PaleaUJII lf \heJ
u e 111 poueulon of an 1laa1paUon Cenlfloate• 4eUteft4 liT lln\Uh
au\borltlea.
(o) On \bl bull ot ~bl a'bcllt"-Uolle4 propo•ll fl the •u
- a -
Kefllaee Board, t he liu1p.1'1an Ocrt'em.ent baa a1Rbo:r1aaf. tbl lahnaUoaal
Rell Orotll to aalld. Jewillb alll)lna lllllla:r 10 yaa:ra of ap t o Pal.eaU11e .
The eu a o-tttaa (Bouc1 ) '11'111 be autbortae4 to aah:rlal ly &14 1 ....
1a tel'Md 1n Rn lpl')' •
II
U14e b011 the .. _Uaaed oeaoe .. 1ou the foUowlns alln1.~
tiona baYa 'b" n aoGO:rded wUb :r..,.n to the \nat~t of 1 ... 1
1. Tba "1141111 et 'be,pthad 1 .... fo:r wo:rk &"broad baa •ue4 fo:r
t be futu:ra.
a. a ) The ~peo1al adll1nlahaUon of 'bq\had Jewa bU 'been m
t:ra.le4 to --· 1 0oiD&I11 of lapUaall Jen• o:rgaa1n4 on J uly 6 , liM&. 'b) J ewa wllo ba~e 'been 'bapUS84 befo:re ~ugaat 1 , UNl, _,. ~1D
l n the Oolllltl')' but tbe1:r upepUon fzo• oo~ewllb pe:raooa '11'1 11 be
o:tde :red .
oJ !bey a:re eutUle4 t o all the 114Yaabae• of praatUI.Jia t bal:r
r e ll.p on•
J , a ) l'a4111Uea p-14a4 fu 'llith :raau4 to J ewa 40111dl .. at
Bud.apu t '11'111 be applloabl e t o 'ba,pUaall lawa outa1dlt t ba oapU a l .
B) A r11Yla1on on \ba aabjan of bapUn4 J .... aeat to woa 1o
0e :rw.117 1a ..,1 A&'ftcl ·
4 . I t w1ll be ea~bllahed, aa aoon aa poulbl e , who 1a t o ba
oone1c1e1'14 11.1 a ooDYeried J ew and that wU l be dooe not onlf for len
between 18 anc1 80 yeua but f oJ: all .Ten of all agee .
15 . l oD-OoDYe:rtecl Jen 88J'Ylng ln la'boJ: poape 1n lblpZJ rill
be n p laoe4 liJ 'bapUaed Jwa.
1. 0oDYel'te4 J ewa '11'111 be aatbortae4 t o lean t bal:r 11oM OD
B1md.aya and rellglou holldar• at a UM wlllob 11111 pel'llU tU. to
taUaty tbe obl1pilce.a of t hah rellpon.
- :t -
T. The followiag an euapt fl'Oa wearlnc a Jowh.b otu1
a) llnboro of the foa1 )f of ll1a1oton of a OUioUaa hi U
(~el.aUno, brotben a,.. oilton, wtweo a"' ob114.roa of ProhriaD
paohS'w. )
b) ~>eu ... o of -l.aoiuUoal -oau .... (Pal>all
o) •••ben of tbl 0 10481' o f tbl Rolf 8epalob ...
n1 1. a) ouorotl011&1'J d~ 10 r eonn4 'l>r 8.8.1!. tbl 'Regent t o
os.-pt a oo~ia Da8bo1' at J .....
b) J .... aamec!. t o a peS'OOn of ObS'1ri1an f t.Ub will be ouapt.
o) J..,. who • •ar oo~al.11 wu -raU ono (Ool4 llec!.al of Mlllbl)' ..... .,. ..••. , c!.' Jon wbo ha't'o oo.~ala opeoial aenh.
e) PS'looto of OUlotlan oulto .
a. t'bl dopo~u..o o f J .... '"" .... t •-4 will bo dono witbil1
oon41tlono r eopoot iag tho lawo of hUMalty and tbo Jlwi&U1an lied OS'Oao
will llavo tho pooo1b11U y of ouperriolon.
a. 'l'bo dilpatob ot poroola of toodo&uffo wi ll bo • ......,.4 t• ponono 1ah rnod 111 oonoeauauon oupo tbroU8b tbe obonnol of tho
Redo ......
J I
llJIIBU' 0
-•1111lla~ et x.ua~am •
'o PaleeUIIII h011 flll'keJ
JUlia%)' ~ m rebzuur Ul
IIUOb 343
April 1. •r 1.4
June • !obl 1111
• r
llllJil'f ,
t o ,Ytrioy l'.lbe!V
We !laTe - r e .. be4 acn•ent w1\h 111DhUy of rore1p Affaire for \be ~41ate 1Dn1tOU• of tu toll..,._. •~rebndn ...... _t• wllUh will M\'U ada1181oa Ulte ruar 1a tnult ef lewin re,._.e1 tn. Kuprr. lo11.ula aD4 luJcU1a.
a. TUJ'kilh 0oa111'-- at Bourpe, Ooututaa allll Blldapen an te-., 'Mlac lllnnned liT telepu to the toUnlq effeot1 Tat11h oco.ul at BudQen 1a to 11111e !utlu tnu1t 1'1 .. 011 &JIIIU .. uca to u.r ..U.r ol .r.,. 'IIIlo applr fer tbea p:ro-1'1 ... that tiler hold •• or other of the toll.owlq 4o r t111t11
(a) au bn1oan I.sip&UOD Vlaa 1 .. ued 1u o110111Utau .. cleeorlbe4 1n 111 hlepaa 13?111
(b) a letter f:rota the lnllh Aaeaor tn I1tanbul een1ty1q 'Chat the ho141r hal lleen pante4 a Pal11Ualall UalpaUoa ent1t1oate (a u~~a'ber of the .. lnter1 han been •ent to B1111p17 bJ Tar1olll •eane) 1
(o) a oenlt1eah 1uue4 bJ the hill Lep.Uon 1n t he hna eet fonh 1n your h'--pu :MSI to Beme1 or an en4oueaeut on a ohll4'• pUapori IID4U the "110001 1olleae ;
(4) a oerilt1oate 1111114 bJ baue, the lewhh A&eDGJ npr eeentaUTe in lllllapen, who now baa hle offloe in the 8w11e LepU ou, t o the eft"t t~t the bearer 11 a Jn, tbll la1t oahgo17 n• 11l01114e4 at ouz nq11e1t and abould -.n 1n praotloe thet all acll1ne Jna will ban tu opporiaUy of l eaTlq lt.lqur •
Thele 'fllJ1d.ab tnult TUu wlU 'bear an adore ... ut •arl.nc that they an Tall& onl)' for depanure liT 1ea t:roa lolll'pe or Ooutanha. lt.Alt&Mouel)' T11rtllh oou11'-- at Bouzpe and Oolldanha are M1JII •thaised to 1ftllt1 be'CWIID the•, Qp to 400 Tleu ''"17 hn 4&)'1 to penCIU llean~~e one or other of the deOIIMUh d .. onlle4 1a ~I, !lie B11lgulaa Oon~ 81Dt hal offend to allow the 1ilpl VITA and PIRIU to lie aiM for the transport ol nfllae•• and oa1 or other of the" lhlpl will aate t he journey to fnanblll f:rota lo11:rp1 or Ooaetaaba ft'UJ teu 4&)'e ourrtnc nfllp11 to whCIII tn.n11t Yhal haTe lleen gn.nhd. bJ the !urtleh OOftlllll . fbue, if a full ooapleaent of pa1 ..... re U aot anllabltt at 00ftetanha \he ehlp will oall at Jlouqaa .
-. -
J •
Iatanbul, Auguat 22, 194•
Dear Mr. Pehlel
I .. enoloa1fta herewith •Y prel1m1na~ r eport covering the .. t1rtt1 .. ot the 8oal'Cl' • progr .. 1Jl 'l'urkey trom Jul.1 18 to AU&Uat 19, 19••· In order to make for aaaier readin& I he•• diYidad t hla, •• 1D my pravlo~ report , into two maJor aeot1onal
(l) Covortn.:t t he baolcground and chronological development ot our workJ
(2} Conclua1ona, obaarya ttona and reoomaendat1ona.
Pol1t1oal aventa are raoYlng with a> oh rapidity 1n the Middle But and t he 8elltana that many of tbe a1tuat1ona referred to in the report may have undergone oonaiderabla change by the t ime this raaohaa you. It la hoped that tho report will .. n e, howe•er, aa a record of the atepa t aken by me and M7 aeaoo1atea here 1n our work during the period stated above.
In addition to the reference .ada 1n the t1Jlal pagoe of the report to llr. Katelti and the two aeoretariaa aaaijplad to •• 1Jl Turkey, I whh to aclmowladga hare aga1Jl tha loyal and tiralau effort• o~ til\. Katcki who baa ocnp1lad coneiderable ot the data 1Jl the r eport , and whose eff orts have been inord.inately helpfUl.
l\ aubsequent r eport will be -1lod to you 1D du. oourae.
llay I again offer ray hearty tbanka to you, the Board., and 1our aaaoo1ataa tor the tull .upport wbloh you have aooorded me, without whioh I could not baYe tunotioned,
John W. Pehle, Bllqui.re b.xeouthe Direotol' War RefUgee Board. 'l'reuury Department Waahington, D. c.
lAh l Vll
Sincerely yours,
I . A, R1reobaann Spacial Attache
