DISTRICT SURVEY REPORTFOR SAND MINING

DISTRICT SAMBHAL

PREFACE

In Compliance to the Notification Issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and

Climate change Dated 15.01.2016, the preparation of District survey report of River bed mining

and other minor minerals is in accordance appendix 10 of the notification. It is also mentioned

here that the procedure of preparation of District Survey Report is as per notification guidelines.

Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas & overview of Mining

activity in the district with all it's relevant features pertaining to geology & mineral wealth in

replenish able and non-replenish able areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. This report

will be a model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral resources ,

geographical set up, environmental and ecological set up of the District and is based on data of

various departments , published reports , and websites. The data may vary due to flood, heavy

rains and other natural calamities. Therefore, it is recommended that Sub Divisional Level

Committee may take into consideration all its relevant aspects / data while scrutinizing and

recommending the application for EC to the concerned Authority.

Overview of Mining Activity

SURVEY REPORTOF

DISTRICT SAMBHAL

As per Gazette notification of 15th January 2016 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and

Climate Change a Survey shall be carried out by the District Environment Impact Assessment

Authority (DEIAA) with assistance of irrigation department, Drainage department, Forest

department, Mining department and Revenue department in the district for preparation of District

Survey Report as per the sustainable Sand mining guidelines to ensure identification of areas of

aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed; and identification of areas of erosion

and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited

and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining

in that area.

Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas & overview of

Mining activity in the district with all it's relevant features pertaining to geology & mineral

wealth in replenish-able and non-replenish-able areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources.

The mineral potential is calculated based on field investigation & geology of the catchment area

of the river or streams. Also as per the site conditions and locations, depth of minable mineral is

defined. The area for removal of the mineral in a river or stream is decided depending on geo-

morphology & other factors, it can be 50% to 60% of the area of a particular river or stream.

Other constituents like clay and silt are excluded as waste while calculating the mineral potential

of particular river or stream. This District Survey Report shall form the basis for application for

environment clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The report shall be

updated once every five years.

IntroductionSambhal has been an urban centre for hundred of years. It was a prominent town during

the medieval period. The painting shown here is a folio from the Baburnama, and depicts an

award ceremony in Sultan Ibrahim Lodi’s court before an expedition to Sambhal in the early

16 th century. Sambhal district was carved out of Moradabad and Badaun districts in

September 2011.It was formerly named Bhimnagar. It is locally famous for Shahi Jama

Masjid, Chakki Ka Pat, Tota Maina Kabra, Kalki Mandir, Suraj Kund Mandir, Manokamna

Mandir, Gauri Shaya Mandir and Singhpur Teerth. This district is also famous for Menthol

produce and its side products. In it’s sub city Saraitareen handicrafts of horns are being made

and exported to various countries. Sambhal is also known for its bricks production trade.

Sambhal district, which had a population of around 22 lakh (2,200,000), was carved

out of Moradabad district in September 2011. It consists of three tehsils : Sambhal

and Chandausi, taken from Moradabad, and Gunnaur, taken from Badaun.

Sambhal city is famous for its unique kind of horn and bone craft items which is

manufactured in Sarai Tarin 4 km away from Sambhal city (but included in Sambhal) which

are being exported. Sambhal headquarter is situated in Pawasa Sambha

List of e-tender lease area

Name of Sub

mineralTeshil Village Gata No. Area

Ha.

Approval (From –To)

Quantitym3/year

(If availabl

e)

Accusatio

n

Ordinary Sand Gannur Sukhel

a 537 74.741

Ordinary Sand Gannur Dilipur 550 122.6

32

Revenue of last three yearMines and

Mineral Name 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15Brick Kiln

Ordinary SoilOther Income

Revenue

Permit discretionSub-

Mineral Name

Teshil Village Gata No.Area

Ha.

Approval (From-

To)

Quantity (If

Available)

Accusation

Ordinary Sand

Gannur

Duddabagh

386, 387, 356, 355, 354, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385

2.491

12.06.17 to

11.12.1774730 104808

83

PHYSICAL FEATURES & GEOGRAPHICAL AREA

Sambhal lies to the North west (Upper left corner) of Uttar Pradesh and south west of

muradabad. It is 158 Km from delhi and 349 Km from Lucknow. Sambhal’s soil is extremely

suitable for the mint plant and thus they specialize in growing these plant with spearmint

being extensively grown in order to extract its oil.

Sambhal headquarter is Bahjoi town. Samhal is 158.6 km from New Delhi and 355 Km from

state capital Lucknow towards east.The Sambhal district is located between 77º. 00’ & 78º. 00’

longitude East and 28º. 54’ & 29º. 15’ latitude North. The district is bounded on the north by

Amroha district, on the South by Ghaziabad, Bulandsahar & Gautambudh Nagar districts and

on the East by Bijnore & Jyotibaphule Nagar districts and on the West by Baghpat district. The

whole district is a vast level plain. Ganga & Hindon Rivers draws the Eastern & Western

boundaries of the district.

Topography

Sambhal features an atypical version of the humid subtropical climate. The warm season lasts

from 9 April to 8 August with an average daily high temperature above 36 °C (97 °F). The

hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 38 °C (100 °F) and low of 25 °C (77

°F). The cold season lasts from 11 December to 11 February with an average daily high

temperature below 18 °C (64 °F). The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an average

low of 2 °C (36 °F) and high of 15 °C (59 °F). In early March, the wind direction - 3 - changes

from north-westerly to south-westerly. From March to May the weather is hot. The monsoon

arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity. The brief, mild winter starts in

late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs. Temperatures in Sambhal usually

range from 5 to 40 °C (41.0 to 104.0 °F), with the lowest and highest temperatures ever

recorded being 2.0 and 47.8 °C (19.9 and 118.0 °F) respectively. The annual mean temperature

is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 °C (55 to 90 °F). The

highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C (113 °F) in 1931. The average annual rainfall

is approximately 714 mm (28.1 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and

August. The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Sambhal is 29 June.

General Profile of Sambhal

BRIEF DETAIL OF SAMBHAL DISTRICT

NAME OF DISTRICT

AREA (PER SQ. KM) POPULATION

2011

DENSITY( PER SQ.

KM)SAMBHAL 16 22lack approx

or2192933

11,433/km2SAMBHAL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA

2458.26

Tehsils

SR. NO. NAME OF TEHSIL1. SAMBHAL2. CHANDAUSI3. GANAUR

Block

SR. NO. NAME OF SUB – TEHSIL1. ASMOLI2. BAHJOI3. BANKIHERA4. GANNUR5. JUNAWAI6. PANWASA7. RAJPURA8. SAMBHAL

POPULATION

As per provisional reports of 2011 Census of India, the population of Sambhal city in 2011

is 221,334; of which are 116,008 male and 105,326 female. Total literates in Sambhal city

are 92,608 of which 51,382 are males while 41,226 are females.

Sambhal is Muslim majority city in India with approximately 77.67 % of city population

following Islam as their religion. Hinduism is second most popular religion in city of Sambhal

with approximately 22.00 % following it. In Sambhal city, Christianity is followed by 0.12 %,

Jainism by 0.02 %, Buddhism by 0.03 % and Sikhism by 0.06 %. Around 0.00 % stated 'Other

Religion', approximately 0.09 % stated 'No Particular Religion'. 

As per provisional reports of 2011 Census of India, the population of Sambhal city in 2011 is

221,334; of which are 116,008 male and 105,326 female. Total literates in Sambhal city are

92,608 of which 51,382 are males while 41,226 are females. Average literacy rate of Sambhal

city is 49.51 percent, of which male literacy was 52.27 percent and female 46.45 percent. The

sex ratio of Sambhal city is 908 per 1000 males and child sex ratio of girls is 936 per 1000

boys. Total children (0-6) in Sambhal city are 34,279 as per the records of Census India report

on 2011. There were 17,702 boys and 16,577 are girls. The children form 15.49% of total

population of Sambhal City

RIVER SYSTEM

The Ganga river is the longest river which flows toward South of the Sambhal ditrict through

the river

only some blocks, Rajpura, Gunnuar and Janawai have benefited because of nearest of the

Ganga river but th eir

ground water level also fluctuate for the use of agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes

The total surface water supply was 148333 ha. during 2001-02 and 155913 ha. during 2011-

12. The

growth of surface water supply is 5.12 ha. within the decades. In Rajpura block, area irrigated

by surface water

was 20405 ha. during 2001-02 and 22514 ha. during 2011-12. The growth of surface water in

Rajpura block are

10.34 ha. which are developed during 2001-12. In block of Gunnaur, area for irrigation shows

17846 ha. during

2001-02 and 21653 ha. during 2011-12. The growth of irrigated area are increased 21.33 ha.

during 2001-12. In

Janawai block, area irrigated by the surface water in Sambhal district are 14350 ha. during

2001-02 and 24045

ha. during 2011-12. The growth of irrigated area developed 67.56 ha. during 2001-12. In block

of Asmoli, area

irrigated shows 16793 ha. during 2001-02 and 15476 during 2011-12. The growth area for

irrigation has reduced

as -7.84 ha. during 2001-12. In Sambhal block, area irrigated by surface water was 19116 ha.

during 2001-02

and 18035 ha. during 2011-12. Growth of irrigated area has declined as -5.65 ha. during 2001-

12. In block of

Pawansa, area shows for irrigation by surface water was 21459 ha. during 2001-02 and 12462

ha. during 2011-

12. Growth of surface water for irrigation are -41.93 ha. during 2001-12. In Baniakhera block,

area irrigation

was. 20349 ha. during 2001-02 and 26561 ha. during 2011-12. Growth of surface water are

developed as 30.53

ha. during 2001-12. In block of Bahjoi, area shows for irrigation was 18015 ha. during 2001-

02 and 15177 ha.

during 2011-12. Growth of irrigated areas are -15.75 ha. during 2001-12.

The canal water supply is totally absent in Sambhal district during the period of 2001-12. The

total

water supply for the agricultural and industrial purposes are to be used through the ground

water supply. The all

the blocks Rajpura, Gunnaur, Janawai, Asmoli, Sambhal, Pawansa, Baniakhera and Bahjoi are

negligible for the

supply of canal irrigation for the cultivation of crops in both 2001-02 and 2011-12 years. The

Ganga river has

flown toward the south west of the Sambhal district. The three blocks has adjoining to the

Sambhal district by

the state government as Rajpura, Gunnuar and Janawai blocks which was the blocks of

Badauan district. So

canal water supply in these blocks are not available.

RAINFALL and CLIMATE The climate of the district is classified as tropical, semi arid and hot which is mainly dry with

very hot summer and cold winter except during south west monsoon season. There are four

seasons in a year namely cold season from November to March, hot season from April to June,

south west monsoon season from last week of June to middle September and post monsoon

season from September to beginning of November. During cold season, series of western

disturbances affect the climate of the district.

11 December to 11 February with an average daily high temperature below 18 °C (64 °F). The

coldest

day of the year is 4 January, with an average low of 2 °C (36 °F) and high of 15 °C (59 °F). In

early March, the

wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-westerly. From March to May the

weather is hot. The

monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity. The brief, mild winter

starts in late

November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs. Temperatures in Sambhal usually

range from 5 to 40

°C (41.0 to 104.0 °F), with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded being 2.0 and

47.8 °C (19.9 and

118.0 °F) respectively. The annual mean temperature is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean

temperatures range from

13 to 32 °C (55 to 90 °F). The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C (113 °F) in

1931. The average

annual rainfall is approximately 714 mm (28.1 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in

July and August.

The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Sambhal is 29 June. Due to absent of the

canal water this

district has been announced as dark zone area. In the recent study, There has been a 3-m water

level decline

around Sambhal, a 0.5 m decline at Gangeswari and a 0.1 m decline at Gunnaur over the last

decade

The average annual rainfall is 967.3 mm. The climate is sub-humid and it is characterised by

hot summer, a bracing cold season and general dryness except in the south-west monsoon

season. About 86% of rainfall takes place from June to September. During monsoon surplus

water is available for deep percolation to ground water. There is no meteorological observatory

in the record of Bareilly, which may be taken as representative meteorological condition. May

and early part of June form the hottest part of the year. In May, the mean daily maximum

temperature is about 400 C and mean daily minimum temperature about 250 C and maximum

temperature rises upto over 450 C. With the advancement of the monsoon in June there is a

appreciable drop in day temperature. January is generally the coldest month with mean daily

maximum temperature at about 210 C and the mean daily minimum is about 80 C. The mean

monthly maximum temperature is 29.40 C and mean monthly minimum temperature is 120 III.

GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL TYPES C. The air is very humid during south-west monsoon

season and the rest of the period the humidity is comparatively less. The mean monthly

relative humidity is 69% and mean monthly evening relative humidity is 51%. Winds are

generally light with a little strengthening in the summer and monsoon seasons. The mean wind

velocity is 5.1 K.m.p.h. Potential evapotranspiration is 1402.8 mm.

LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICTFOREST:

The total forest area in the district is 0 hectare.

Availability of Minerals.

No mineral is available in the district

Administrative set up.

For administrative convenience, the district of Sambhal has been divided into three tehsils namely, 1. Sambhal 2. Chandausi 3. Gunnaur

These tehsils are further divided into 8 blocks.

INDUSTRIES:

Industrial development has been examined in terms of various indicators, such as, (i) number of industrial areas per lakh of population, (ii) number of industrial estates per lakh of population, (iii) number of registered factories per lakh of population, (v) number of functional factories per lakh of population, (v) number of persons employed in registered factories per lakh of

 January

February

March April May June July

August

September

October

November

December

Avg. Temperature

(°C)

14.6 17.1 22.4 28.2 32.6 33 29.9 28.8 28.5 25.4 19.9 15.8

Min. Temperature

(°C)

8 10 14.8 20.2 25.2 27.2 26 25.3 24.2 18.8 11.9 8.5

Max. Temperature

(°C)

21.2 24.3 30.1 36.3 40.1 38.9 33.8 32.4 32.8 32 28 23.2

Avg. Temperature

(°F)

58.3 62.8 72.3 82.8 90.7 91.4 85.8 83.8 83.3 77.7 67.8 60.4

Min. Temperature

(°F)

46.4 50.0 58.6 68.4 77.4 81.0 78.8 77.5 75.6 65.8 53.4 47.3

Max. Temperature

(°F)

70.2 75.7 86.2 97.3 104.2 102.0 92.8 90.3 91.0 89.6 82.4 73.8

Precipitation / Rainfall (mm)

24 12 14 3 7 36 233 266 151 72 4 8

population, and (vi) per capita value of industrial production. These relate to the year of 2001. Moradabad turns out to be industrially 14 backward district vis-à-vis the state of Uttar Pradesh. Only in two indicators [(i) number of registered factories per lakh of population, and (ii) number of persons employed in registered factories per lakh of populatio n] Moradabad has been placed favourably over the state of Uttar Pradesh. In remaining 4 indicators Uttar Pradesh has an edge over the district Moradabad. Thus, Moradabad lags behind to that of state economy in terms of industrial development

Geology and Mineral Wealth

The topography of the lease area and surrounding area of the lease area is plain. The highest elevation of the lease area is 226 m. MSL and lowest is 226 m. MSL. Sambhal features an atypical version of the humid subtropical climate. The warm season lasts from April to August with an average daily high temperature above 36 °C . The hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 38 °C and low of 25 °C .The cold season lasts from 11 December to 11 February with an average daily high temperature below 18 °C . The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an average low of 2 °C and high of 15 °C. In early March, the wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-westerly. From March to May the weather is hot. The monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity.The brief, mild winter starts in late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs.

Temperatures in Sambhal usually range from 5 to 40 °C , with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded being 2.0 and 47.8 °C respectively. The annual mean temperature is 25 °C ; monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 °C . The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C in 1931.The average annual rainfall is approximately 714 mm (28.1 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August.The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Sambhal is 29 June.

Geological cross sections have been drawn at a fixed intervals across the lease area in Plate No. 2. The section line along which the geological sections has been prepared has been shown in Plate No. 3. Geology

Geomorphologically, the area of the district can be divided into two broad geological units namely

1. Younger Alluvium

2. Older Alluvium

YOUNGER ALLUVIUM: The area occupied by younger alluvium can be delineated along Ramganga and Dhela rivers draining the district. The younger alluvium is confined dominantly within the flood plain of these rivers. The flood plain can be further differentiated into two geomorphic units –

(i) Flood Plain: The river channel and its adjacent areas forming terraces, which are subjected to periodic flooding consisting of sand, silt and silty sand with minor clays from the flood plain of river. This is a narrow zone along river channel and gets flooded regularly during rainy season.

(ii) Older Flood Plain: Older flood plain of river Ramganga can be delineated extending to few kilometers. Locally it is known as Khadar. The zone is characterised by presence of fluvial land from such as meander scars, cut off meanders forming water bodies and paleo channels. The sediments are fine grained sand and silt with thin clay horizons. The zone can be separated from older alluvium by presence of natural levee, sand dunes and abrupt change in slope.

OLDER ALLUVIUM: It occupies the entire upland or interfluve area between the major drainage Ramganga and Kosi and Sot & Ramganga. The soils are silty, clayey and sandy in varying proportions. The older alluvium can be differentiated into following geomorphic units: (i) Sandy Tract and (ii) Central Upland Plain of Interfluve Area.

(i) Sandy Tract: These are occurring very close to old flood plain of Ramganga. This unit correspond to Bhur of physiographic unit. This unit is characterised by absence of drainage ways, indication of high permeability as coarse sand exists.

(ii) Central Upland Plain or Interfluve Area: The unit occupies the central part as well as eastern part of the district and is characterised by presence of well drainage ways namely Ganga & Sot. The soils are clayey through at place these are sandy. Back swamp deposits can also be seen in this zone.

DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

S.No Particular Year Unit Statistics1 Geographical features

(A) Geographical Datai) Latitude 28.580 Nii) Longitude 78.550 Eiii) Geographical Area 2001 Sq KM 2458.26

(B) Administrative Unitsi) Sub divisions 2014-15 Nos. 3ii) Tehsils 2014-15 Nos. 3iii) Sub-Tehsil/ Blocks 2014-15 Nos. 8iv) Patwar Circle 2014-15 Nos. NAv) Nyay Panchayat 2014-15 Nos. 64vi)Nagar nigam 2014-15 Nos. 0

vii) Nagar Palika 2014-15 Nos. 3viii) Gram Sabha 2014-15 Nos. 556xi) Nyay Panchayat 2014-15 Nos. 64x) Assembly Area 2014-15 Nos. 4

2. I)Population(A) Sex-wise

i) Male 2011 Nos. 1161093ii) Female 2011 Nos. 1031840

(B) Total Population 2011 Nos. 2192933II)AgricultureLand utilizationi) Total Area 2013-14 Hectare 245240ii) Forest cover 2013-14 “ 0iii) Land Put to Non Agriculture Uses

2013-14 “ 35161

v) Barren cultivable Waste

2013-14 “ 1402

III)Forest(i) Forest 2013-14 Ha. 0IV)Irrigationi) Canal Length 2014-15 Km. 0ii) Govt.Tube Well 2014-15 Nos. 593ii) Private Tube Well & Pumpset

2014-15 Nos. 620

V)Animal Husbandryi) Veterinary Hospital 2014-15 Nos. 18ii) D,Category Veterinary Hospital

2014-15 Nos. 3

iii)Cattle Service Centre 2014-15 Nos. 38iv)Artificial breeding Centre

2014-15 Nos. 56

VI) Railwaysi) Length of rail line 2014-15 Kms 111VII)Roads(a) National Highway 2013-14 Kms 65(b) State Highway 2013-14 Kms 72(c) Main District Highway 2013-14 Kms 79

(d) Other district & Rural Roads

2013-14 Kms 1853

(e) Rural road/ Agriculture Marketing Board Roads

2013-14 Kms 504

(f) Kachacha Road 2013-14 Kms NAVIII)Communication(a) Telephone connection 2014-15 Nos. 5587(b) Post offices 2014-15 Nos. 148(c) Telegraph Office 2014-15 Nos. 0(d )Density of Telephone 2013-14 Nos./lakh

person254

(e) Density of Telephone 2014-15 No. per Sq.KM.

2.27

(f) PCO Rural 2013-14 No. NA(g) PCO Urban 2013-14 No. NA(h) Mobile 2013-14 No. NAIX)Public Health

(a) Allopathic Hospital(b)Beds in Allopathic

hospitals(c) Ayurvedic Hospital(d)Beds in Ayurvedic

hospitals(e) Unani hospitals(f) Public health centers(g)Primary health

centers(h) Family &Mother- Child

Welfare Centers(i) Family &Mother- Child

Welfare Sub Centers

(j) Private hospitals

2014-15 No.No.

No.No.

No.No.No.

No.

No.

No.

33362

1243

41326

12

222

NA

X) Banking commercial(a) Commercial Bank 2014-15 Nos. 56(b) No. Of Rural Bank 2014-15 Nos. 63(c) Co-Operative bank 2014-15 Nos. 11(d) LDB Branches 2014-15 Nos. 5

(IX) Education 2014-15

(a) Primary school 2014-15 Nos. 1134(b) Senior Primary schools 2014-15 Nos. 496(c) Secondary & senior secondary schools

2014-15 Nos. 183

(d) Colleges(Degree & Master Degree)

2014-15 Nos. 20

(e) IndustrialTrainingInstitute 2014-15 Nos. 3Source:- up.nic.in/spatrika Year-2015,Distt.- Sambhal

Dranage System with description of main rivers

S.No. Name of River Area Drained(Sq. Km)

% Area Drained in the District

1

2

3

Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams:

S.No. Name of the River or Stream

Total Length in the District (in

Km)Place of Origin Altitude at Origin

123

Portion of the River or Stream

Recommended for Mineral

Concession

Length of area Recommended for

mineral concession (in Km)

Average width of area

recommended for mineral

concession (in meters)

Area Recommended for

mineral concession (in square meter)

Mineable mineral potential (in

metric tonne) (60% of total

mineral potential)

Mineral Potential

Boulder (MT) Bajari (MT) Sand (M3) Total Mineable Mineral Potential (MT)

Not Available Not available

GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS/CONCLUSIONS

1. Abandoned stream channels or terrace and inactive floodplains

may be preferred rather than active channels and their deltas and

floodplains.

2. Stream should not be diverted to form inactive channel.

3. Mining below subterranean water level should be avoided as a

safeguard against environmental contamination and over

exploitation of resources.

4. Large rivers and streams whose periodic sediment replenishment

capacities are larger, may be preferred than smaller rivers.

5. Segments of braided river system should be used preferably falling

within the lateral migration area of the river regime that enhances

the feasibility of sediment replenishment.

6. Mining at the concave side of the river channel should be avoided

to prevent bank erosion. Similarly meandering segment of a river

should be selected for mining in such a way as to avoid natural

eroding banks and to promote mining on naturally building

(aggrading) meander components.

7. Continued riverbed material mining in a given segment of the river

will induce seasonal scouring and intensify the erosion activity

within the channel. This will have an adverse effect not only within

the mining area but also both in upstream and downstream of the

river course. Hazardous effects of such scouring and enhanced

erosion due to riverbed mining should be evaluated periodically

and avoided for sustainable mining activities

8. Mining area should be demarcated on the ground with Pucca pillars

so as to avoid illegal unscientific mining.