DISTRICT SURVEY REPORTFOR SAND MINING
DISTRICT SAMBHAL
PREFACE
In Compliance to the Notification Issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate change Dated 15.01.2016, the preparation of District survey report of River bed mining
and other minor minerals is in accordance appendix 10 of the notification. It is also mentioned
here that the procedure of preparation of District Survey Report is as per notification guidelines.
Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas & overview of Mining
activity in the district with all it's relevant features pertaining to geology & mineral wealth in
replenish able and non-replenish able areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. This report
will be a model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral resources ,
geographical set up, environmental and ecological set up of the District and is based on data of
various departments , published reports , and websites. The data may vary due to flood, heavy
rains and other natural calamities. Therefore, it is recommended that Sub Divisional Level
Committee may take into consideration all its relevant aspects / data while scrutinizing and
recommending the application for EC to the concerned Authority.
Overview of Mining Activity
SURVEY REPORTOF
DISTRICT SAMBHAL
As per Gazette notification of 15th January 2016 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change a Survey shall be carried out by the District Environment Impact Assessment
Authority (DEIAA) with assistance of irrigation department, Drainage department, Forest
department, Mining department and Revenue department in the district for preparation of District
Survey Report as per the sustainable Sand mining guidelines to ensure identification of areas of
aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed; and identification of areas of erosion
and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited
and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining
in that area.
Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas & overview of
Mining activity in the district with all it's relevant features pertaining to geology & mineral
wealth in replenish-able and non-replenish-able areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources.
The mineral potential is calculated based on field investigation & geology of the catchment area
of the river or streams. Also as per the site conditions and locations, depth of minable mineral is
defined. The area for removal of the mineral in a river or stream is decided depending on geo-
morphology & other factors, it can be 50% to 60% of the area of a particular river or stream.
Other constituents like clay and silt are excluded as waste while calculating the mineral potential
of particular river or stream. This District Survey Report shall form the basis for application for
environment clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The report shall be
updated once every five years.
IntroductionSambhal has been an urban centre for hundred of years. It was a prominent town during
the medieval period. The painting shown here is a folio from the Baburnama, and depicts an
award ceremony in Sultan Ibrahim Lodi’s court before an expedition to Sambhal in the early
16 th century. Sambhal district was carved out of Moradabad and Badaun districts in
September 2011.It was formerly named Bhimnagar. It is locally famous for Shahi Jama
Masjid, Chakki Ka Pat, Tota Maina Kabra, Kalki Mandir, Suraj Kund Mandir, Manokamna
Mandir, Gauri Shaya Mandir and Singhpur Teerth. This district is also famous for Menthol
produce and its side products. In it’s sub city Saraitareen handicrafts of horns are being made
and exported to various countries. Sambhal is also known for its bricks production trade.
Sambhal district, which had a population of around 22 lakh (2,200,000), was carved
out of Moradabad district in September 2011. It consists of three tehsils : Sambhal
and Chandausi, taken from Moradabad, and Gunnaur, taken from Badaun.
Sambhal city is famous for its unique kind of horn and bone craft items which is
manufactured in Sarai Tarin 4 km away from Sambhal city (but included in Sambhal) which
are being exported. Sambhal headquarter is situated in Pawasa Sambha
List of e-tender lease area
Name of Sub
mineralTeshil Village Gata No. Area
Ha.
Approval (From –To)
Quantitym3/year
(If availabl
e)
Accusatio
n
Ordinary Sand Gannur Sukhel
a 537 74.741
Ordinary Sand Gannur Dilipur 550 122.6
32
Revenue of last three yearMines and
Mineral Name 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15Brick Kiln
Ordinary SoilOther Income
Revenue
Permit discretionSub-
Mineral Name
Teshil Village Gata No.Area
Ha.
Approval (From-
To)
Quantity (If
Available)
Accusation
Ordinary Sand
Gannur
Duddabagh
386, 387, 356, 355, 354, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385
2.491
12.06.17 to
11.12.1774730 104808
83
PHYSICAL FEATURES & GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
Sambhal lies to the North west (Upper left corner) of Uttar Pradesh and south west of
muradabad. It is 158 Km from delhi and 349 Km from Lucknow. Sambhal’s soil is extremely
suitable for the mint plant and thus they specialize in growing these plant with spearmint
being extensively grown in order to extract its oil.
Sambhal headquarter is Bahjoi town. Samhal is 158.6 km from New Delhi and 355 Km from
state capital Lucknow towards east.The Sambhal district is located between 77º. 00’ & 78º. 00’
longitude East and 28º. 54’ & 29º. 15’ latitude North. The district is bounded on the north by
Amroha district, on the South by Ghaziabad, Bulandsahar & Gautambudh Nagar districts and
on the East by Bijnore & Jyotibaphule Nagar districts and on the West by Baghpat district. The
whole district is a vast level plain. Ganga & Hindon Rivers draws the Eastern & Western
boundaries of the district.
Topography
Sambhal features an atypical version of the humid subtropical climate. The warm season lasts
from 9 April to 8 August with an average daily high temperature above 36 °C (97 °F). The
hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 38 °C (100 °F) and low of 25 °C (77
°F). The cold season lasts from 11 December to 11 February with an average daily high
temperature below 18 °C (64 °F). The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an average
low of 2 °C (36 °F) and high of 15 °C (59 °F). In early March, the wind direction - 3 - changes
from north-westerly to south-westerly. From March to May the weather is hot. The monsoon
arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity. The brief, mild winter starts in
late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs. Temperatures in Sambhal usually
range from 5 to 40 °C (41.0 to 104.0 °F), with the lowest and highest temperatures ever
recorded being 2.0 and 47.8 °C (19.9 and 118.0 °F) respectively. The annual mean temperature
is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 °C (55 to 90 °F). The
highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C (113 °F) in 1931. The average annual rainfall
is approximately 714 mm (28.1 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and
August. The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Sambhal is 29 June.
General Profile of Sambhal
BRIEF DETAIL OF SAMBHAL DISTRICT
NAME OF DISTRICT
AREA (PER SQ. KM) POPULATION
2011
DENSITY( PER SQ.
KM)SAMBHAL 16 22lack approx
or2192933
11,433/km2SAMBHAL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
2458.26
Tehsils
SR. NO. NAME OF TEHSIL1. SAMBHAL2. CHANDAUSI3. GANAUR
Block
SR. NO. NAME OF SUB – TEHSIL1. ASMOLI2. BAHJOI3. BANKIHERA4. GANNUR5. JUNAWAI6. PANWASA7. RAJPURA8. SAMBHAL
POPULATION
As per provisional reports of 2011 Census of India, the population of Sambhal city in 2011
is 221,334; of which are 116,008 male and 105,326 female. Total literates in Sambhal city
are 92,608 of which 51,382 are males while 41,226 are females.
Sambhal is Muslim majority city in India with approximately 77.67 % of city population
following Islam as their religion. Hinduism is second most popular religion in city of Sambhal
with approximately 22.00 % following it. In Sambhal city, Christianity is followed by 0.12 %,
Jainism by 0.02 %, Buddhism by 0.03 % and Sikhism by 0.06 %. Around 0.00 % stated 'Other
Religion', approximately 0.09 % stated 'No Particular Religion'.
As per provisional reports of 2011 Census of India, the population of Sambhal city in 2011 is
221,334; of which are 116,008 male and 105,326 female. Total literates in Sambhal city are
92,608 of which 51,382 are males while 41,226 are females. Average literacy rate of Sambhal
city is 49.51 percent, of which male literacy was 52.27 percent and female 46.45 percent. The
sex ratio of Sambhal city is 908 per 1000 males and child sex ratio of girls is 936 per 1000
boys. Total children (0-6) in Sambhal city are 34,279 as per the records of Census India report
on 2011. There were 17,702 boys and 16,577 are girls. The children form 15.49% of total
population of Sambhal City
RIVER SYSTEM
The Ganga river is the longest river which flows toward South of the Sambhal ditrict through
the river
only some blocks, Rajpura, Gunnuar and Janawai have benefited because of nearest of the
Ganga river but th eir
ground water level also fluctuate for the use of agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes
The total surface water supply was 148333 ha. during 2001-02 and 155913 ha. during 2011-
12. The
growth of surface water supply is 5.12 ha. within the decades. In Rajpura block, area irrigated
by surface water
was 20405 ha. during 2001-02 and 22514 ha. during 2011-12. The growth of surface water in
Rajpura block are
10.34 ha. which are developed during 2001-12. In block of Gunnaur, area for irrigation shows
17846 ha. during
2001-02 and 21653 ha. during 2011-12. The growth of irrigated area are increased 21.33 ha.
during 2001-12. In
Janawai block, area irrigated by the surface water in Sambhal district are 14350 ha. during
2001-02 and 24045
ha. during 2011-12. The growth of irrigated area developed 67.56 ha. during 2001-12. In block
of Asmoli, area
irrigated shows 16793 ha. during 2001-02 and 15476 during 2011-12. The growth area for
irrigation has reduced
as -7.84 ha. during 2001-12. In Sambhal block, area irrigated by surface water was 19116 ha.
during 2001-02
and 18035 ha. during 2011-12. Growth of irrigated area has declined as -5.65 ha. during 2001-
12. In block of
Pawansa, area shows for irrigation by surface water was 21459 ha. during 2001-02 and 12462
ha. during 2011-
12. Growth of surface water for irrigation are -41.93 ha. during 2001-12. In Baniakhera block,
area irrigation
was. 20349 ha. during 2001-02 and 26561 ha. during 2011-12. Growth of surface water are
developed as 30.53
ha. during 2001-12. In block of Bahjoi, area shows for irrigation was 18015 ha. during 2001-
02 and 15177 ha.
during 2011-12. Growth of irrigated areas are -15.75 ha. during 2001-12.
The canal water supply is totally absent in Sambhal district during the period of 2001-12. The
total
water supply for the agricultural and industrial purposes are to be used through the ground
water supply. The all
the blocks Rajpura, Gunnaur, Janawai, Asmoli, Sambhal, Pawansa, Baniakhera and Bahjoi are
negligible for the
supply of canal irrigation for the cultivation of crops in both 2001-02 and 2011-12 years. The
Ganga river has
flown toward the south west of the Sambhal district. The three blocks has adjoining to the
Sambhal district by
the state government as Rajpura, Gunnuar and Janawai blocks which was the blocks of
Badauan district. So
canal water supply in these blocks are not available.
RAINFALL and CLIMATE The climate of the district is classified as tropical, semi arid and hot which is mainly dry with
very hot summer and cold winter except during south west monsoon season. There are four
seasons in a year namely cold season from November to March, hot season from April to June,
south west monsoon season from last week of June to middle September and post monsoon
season from September to beginning of November. During cold season, series of western
disturbances affect the climate of the district.
11 December to 11 February with an average daily high temperature below 18 °C (64 °F). The
coldest
day of the year is 4 January, with an average low of 2 °C (36 °F) and high of 15 °C (59 °F). In
early March, the
wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-westerly. From March to May the
weather is hot. The
monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity. The brief, mild winter
starts in late
November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs. Temperatures in Sambhal usually
range from 5 to 40
°C (41.0 to 104.0 °F), with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded being 2.0 and
47.8 °C (19.9 and
118.0 °F) respectively. The annual mean temperature is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean
temperatures range from
13 to 32 °C (55 to 90 °F). The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C (113 °F) in
1931. The average
annual rainfall is approximately 714 mm (28.1 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in
July and August.
The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Sambhal is 29 June. Due to absent of the
canal water this
district has been announced as dark zone area. In the recent study, There has been a 3-m water
level decline
around Sambhal, a 0.5 m decline at Gangeswari and a 0.1 m decline at Gunnaur over the last
decade
The average annual rainfall is 967.3 mm. The climate is sub-humid and it is characterised by
hot summer, a bracing cold season and general dryness except in the south-west monsoon
season. About 86% of rainfall takes place from June to September. During monsoon surplus
water is available for deep percolation to ground water. There is no meteorological observatory
in the record of Bareilly, which may be taken as representative meteorological condition. May
and early part of June form the hottest part of the year. In May, the mean daily maximum
temperature is about 400 C and mean daily minimum temperature about 250 C and maximum
temperature rises upto over 450 C. With the advancement of the monsoon in June there is a
appreciable drop in day temperature. January is generally the coldest month with mean daily
maximum temperature at about 210 C and the mean daily minimum is about 80 C. The mean
monthly maximum temperature is 29.40 C and mean monthly minimum temperature is 120 III.
GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL TYPES C. The air is very humid during south-west monsoon
season and the rest of the period the humidity is comparatively less. The mean monthly
relative humidity is 69% and mean monthly evening relative humidity is 51%. Winds are
generally light with a little strengthening in the summer and monsoon seasons. The mean wind
velocity is 5.1 K.m.p.h. Potential evapotranspiration is 1402.8 mm.
LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICTFOREST:
The total forest area in the district is 0 hectare.
Availability of Minerals.
No mineral is available in the district
Administrative set up.
For administrative convenience, the district of Sambhal has been divided into three tehsils namely, 1. Sambhal 2. Chandausi 3. Gunnaur
These tehsils are further divided into 8 blocks.
INDUSTRIES:
Industrial development has been examined in terms of various indicators, such as, (i) number of industrial areas per lakh of population, (ii) number of industrial estates per lakh of population, (iii) number of registered factories per lakh of population, (v) number of functional factories per lakh of population, (v) number of persons employed in registered factories per lakh of
January
February
March April May June July
August
September
October
November
December
Avg. Temperature
(°C)
14.6 17.1 22.4 28.2 32.6 33 29.9 28.8 28.5 25.4 19.9 15.8
Min. Temperature
(°C)
8 10 14.8 20.2 25.2 27.2 26 25.3 24.2 18.8 11.9 8.5
Max. Temperature
(°C)
21.2 24.3 30.1 36.3 40.1 38.9 33.8 32.4 32.8 32 28 23.2
Avg. Temperature
(°F)
58.3 62.8 72.3 82.8 90.7 91.4 85.8 83.8 83.3 77.7 67.8 60.4
Min. Temperature
(°F)
46.4 50.0 58.6 68.4 77.4 81.0 78.8 77.5 75.6 65.8 53.4 47.3
Max. Temperature
(°F)
70.2 75.7 86.2 97.3 104.2 102.0 92.8 90.3 91.0 89.6 82.4 73.8
Precipitation / Rainfall (mm)
24 12 14 3 7 36 233 266 151 72 4 8
population, and (vi) per capita value of industrial production. These relate to the year of 2001. Moradabad turns out to be industrially 14 backward district vis-à-vis the state of Uttar Pradesh. Only in two indicators [(i) number of registered factories per lakh of population, and (ii) number of persons employed in registered factories per lakh of populatio n] Moradabad has been placed favourably over the state of Uttar Pradesh. In remaining 4 indicators Uttar Pradesh has an edge over the district Moradabad. Thus, Moradabad lags behind to that of state economy in terms of industrial development
Geology and Mineral Wealth
The topography of the lease area and surrounding area of the lease area is plain. The highest elevation of the lease area is 226 m. MSL and lowest is 226 m. MSL. Sambhal features an atypical version of the humid subtropical climate. The warm season lasts from April to August with an average daily high temperature above 36 °C . The hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of 38 °C and low of 25 °C .The cold season lasts from 11 December to 11 February with an average daily high temperature below 18 °C . The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an average low of 2 °C and high of 15 °C. In early March, the wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-westerly. From March to May the weather is hot. The monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity.The brief, mild winter starts in late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs.
Temperatures in Sambhal usually range from 5 to 40 °C , with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded being 2.0 and 47.8 °C respectively. The annual mean temperature is 25 °C ; monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 °C . The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 °C in 1931.The average annual rainfall is approximately 714 mm (28.1 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August.The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Sambhal is 29 June.
Geological cross sections have been drawn at a fixed intervals across the lease area in Plate No. 2. The section line along which the geological sections has been prepared has been shown in Plate No. 3. Geology
Geomorphologically, the area of the district can be divided into two broad geological units namely
1. Younger Alluvium
2. Older Alluvium
YOUNGER ALLUVIUM: The area occupied by younger alluvium can be delineated along Ramganga and Dhela rivers draining the district. The younger alluvium is confined dominantly within the flood plain of these rivers. The flood plain can be further differentiated into two geomorphic units –
(i) Flood Plain: The river channel and its adjacent areas forming terraces, which are subjected to periodic flooding consisting of sand, silt and silty sand with minor clays from the flood plain of river. This is a narrow zone along river channel and gets flooded regularly during rainy season.
(ii) Older Flood Plain: Older flood plain of river Ramganga can be delineated extending to few kilometers. Locally it is known as Khadar. The zone is characterised by presence of fluvial land from such as meander scars, cut off meanders forming water bodies and paleo channels. The sediments are fine grained sand and silt with thin clay horizons. The zone can be separated from older alluvium by presence of natural levee, sand dunes and abrupt change in slope.
OLDER ALLUVIUM: It occupies the entire upland or interfluve area between the major drainage Ramganga and Kosi and Sot & Ramganga. The soils are silty, clayey and sandy in varying proportions. The older alluvium can be differentiated into following geomorphic units: (i) Sandy Tract and (ii) Central Upland Plain of Interfluve Area.
(i) Sandy Tract: These are occurring very close to old flood plain of Ramganga. This unit correspond to Bhur of physiographic unit. This unit is characterised by absence of drainage ways, indication of high permeability as coarse sand exists.
(ii) Central Upland Plain or Interfluve Area: The unit occupies the central part as well as eastern part of the district and is characterised by presence of well drainage ways namely Ganga & Sot. The soils are clayey through at place these are sandy. Back swamp deposits can also be seen in this zone.
DISTRICT AT A GLANCE
S.No Particular Year Unit Statistics1 Geographical features
(A) Geographical Datai) Latitude 28.580 Nii) Longitude 78.550 Eiii) Geographical Area 2001 Sq KM 2458.26
(B) Administrative Unitsi) Sub divisions 2014-15 Nos. 3ii) Tehsils 2014-15 Nos. 3iii) Sub-Tehsil/ Blocks 2014-15 Nos. 8iv) Patwar Circle 2014-15 Nos. NAv) Nyay Panchayat 2014-15 Nos. 64vi)Nagar nigam 2014-15 Nos. 0
vii) Nagar Palika 2014-15 Nos. 3viii) Gram Sabha 2014-15 Nos. 556xi) Nyay Panchayat 2014-15 Nos. 64x) Assembly Area 2014-15 Nos. 4
2. I)Population(A) Sex-wise
i) Male 2011 Nos. 1161093ii) Female 2011 Nos. 1031840
(B) Total Population 2011 Nos. 2192933II)AgricultureLand utilizationi) Total Area 2013-14 Hectare 245240ii) Forest cover 2013-14 “ 0iii) Land Put to Non Agriculture Uses
2013-14 “ 35161
v) Barren cultivable Waste
2013-14 “ 1402
III)Forest(i) Forest 2013-14 Ha. 0IV)Irrigationi) Canal Length 2014-15 Km. 0ii) Govt.Tube Well 2014-15 Nos. 593ii) Private Tube Well & Pumpset
2014-15 Nos. 620
V)Animal Husbandryi) Veterinary Hospital 2014-15 Nos. 18ii) D,Category Veterinary Hospital
2014-15 Nos. 3
iii)Cattle Service Centre 2014-15 Nos. 38iv)Artificial breeding Centre
2014-15 Nos. 56
VI) Railwaysi) Length of rail line 2014-15 Kms 111VII)Roads(a) National Highway 2013-14 Kms 65(b) State Highway 2013-14 Kms 72(c) Main District Highway 2013-14 Kms 79
(d) Other district & Rural Roads
2013-14 Kms 1853
(e) Rural road/ Agriculture Marketing Board Roads
2013-14 Kms 504
(f) Kachacha Road 2013-14 Kms NAVIII)Communication(a) Telephone connection 2014-15 Nos. 5587(b) Post offices 2014-15 Nos. 148(c) Telegraph Office 2014-15 Nos. 0(d )Density of Telephone 2013-14 Nos./lakh
person254
(e) Density of Telephone 2014-15 No. per Sq.KM.
2.27
(f) PCO Rural 2013-14 No. NA(g) PCO Urban 2013-14 No. NA(h) Mobile 2013-14 No. NAIX)Public Health
(a) Allopathic Hospital(b)Beds in Allopathic
hospitals(c) Ayurvedic Hospital(d)Beds in Ayurvedic
hospitals(e) Unani hospitals(f) Public health centers(g)Primary health
centers(h) Family &Mother- Child
Welfare Centers(i) Family &Mother- Child
Welfare Sub Centers
(j) Private hospitals
2014-15 No.No.
No.No.
No.No.No.
No.
No.
No.
33362
1243
41326
12
222
NA
X) Banking commercial(a) Commercial Bank 2014-15 Nos. 56(b) No. Of Rural Bank 2014-15 Nos. 63(c) Co-Operative bank 2014-15 Nos. 11(d) LDB Branches 2014-15 Nos. 5
(IX) Education 2014-15
(a) Primary school 2014-15 Nos. 1134(b) Senior Primary schools 2014-15 Nos. 496(c) Secondary & senior secondary schools
2014-15 Nos. 183
(d) Colleges(Degree & Master Degree)
2014-15 Nos. 20
(e) IndustrialTrainingInstitute 2014-15 Nos. 3Source:- up.nic.in/spatrika Year-2015,Distt.- Sambhal
Dranage System with description of main rivers
S.No. Name of River Area Drained(Sq. Km)
% Area Drained in the District
1
2
3
Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams:
S.No. Name of the River or Stream
Total Length in the District (in
Km)Place of Origin Altitude at Origin
123
Portion of the River or Stream
Recommended for Mineral
Concession
Length of area Recommended for
mineral concession (in Km)
Average width of area
recommended for mineral
concession (in meters)
Area Recommended for
mineral concession (in square meter)
Mineable mineral potential (in
metric tonne) (60% of total
mineral potential)
Mineral Potential
Boulder (MT) Bajari (MT) Sand (M3) Total Mineable Mineral Potential (MT)
Not Available Not available
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS/CONCLUSIONS
1. Abandoned stream channels or terrace and inactive floodplains
may be preferred rather than active channels and their deltas and
floodplains.
2. Stream should not be diverted to form inactive channel.
3. Mining below subterranean water level should be avoided as a
safeguard against environmental contamination and over
exploitation of resources.
4. Large rivers and streams whose periodic sediment replenishment
capacities are larger, may be preferred than smaller rivers.
5. Segments of braided river system should be used preferably falling
within the lateral migration area of the river regime that enhances
the feasibility of sediment replenishment.
6. Mining at the concave side of the river channel should be avoided
to prevent bank erosion. Similarly meandering segment of a river
should be selected for mining in such a way as to avoid natural
eroding banks and to promote mining on naturally building
(aggrading) meander components.
7. Continued riverbed material mining in a given segment of the river
will induce seasonal scouring and intensify the erosion activity
within the channel. This will have an adverse effect not only within
the mining area but also both in upstream and downstream of the
river course. Hazardous effects of such scouring and enhanced
erosion due to riverbed mining should be evaluated periodically
and avoided for sustainable mining activities
8. Mining area should be demarcated on the ground with Pucca pillars
so as to avoid illegal unscientific mining.