Revolutionary

Movements in

India, China &

Ghana

SSWH19

Map of India

Sepoy Mutiny 1856- Sepoy Mutiny

India was an important trading post to British

East India Company employed British army officers

with a mostly Indian army (sepoys) to protect its

interests

3 Problems:

General unfair treatment of sepoys

British passed law saying sepoys could be sent to fight

in other countries

Enfield Rifle- natives believed biting off the end of the

bullet cartridge would violate dietary restrictions

(cows/Hindus & pork/Muslims)

Results of Sepoy Mutiny

After much fighting, British soldiers

defeated rebel groups

Queen Victoria claims India as a British

colony governed by Viceroy

Capital moved from Calcutta to Delhi

Indian Nationalism Gandhi returns to India from South Africa in 1915

and joins the Congress Party

Satyagraha- “nonviolent fight for freedom & justice”

Used tactics such as boycotts, hunger strikes & noncooperation

1919- Amritsar Massacre (clip from movie)

Congress party met in Amritsar (Sikh holy city) to protest British rule

British had outlawed large, public demonstrations

Soldiers fired on unarmed demonstrators with no warning, 300 died & over 1,000 wounded

Questions?

What is a sepoy?

Are sepoys Hindu or Muslim?

Why did Great Britain make India a

colony?

What happened at Amritsar?

Indian Nationalism

March 12, 1930- Gandhi leads Salt March in act of civil disobedience (clip from movie &(clip 2)

Before independence, Muslim League & Indian National Congress had to agree on leadership for India

August 15, 1947-India receives independence from Great Britain w/ Jawaharlal Nehru (Gandhi’s successor) as its 1st Prime Minister

August 15, 1947- Islamic Republic of Pakistan (East & West Pakistan) is created

Partition led to chaos & violence in India

Jan. 30, 1948- Gandhi is assassinated by a radical Hindu

Questions?

Who was the first Prime Minister of India?

What does partition mean?

Why do you think the independence

movement took such a long time?

Map of China

Label the following on the map Beijing, Nanjing, Sichuan Province, Japan, Mongolia, Soviet Union, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, India, Nepal, Korea, Sea of Japan, Canton, Manchukuo, Shanghai, Yangtze River, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Long March

Sichuan Rebellion Qing dynasty led by 3 year old emperor and

mostly controlled by European countries

Sichuan officials attempting to build Chinese

Railroad, Qing regents attempt to take over the

project and allow foreign financing. Rebellion

ensues.

In response, Qing emperor abdicates his throne

1911- Sun Yixian “Father of Modern China”

declared president of the new Chinese republic.

New capital city would be Nanjing

3 Principles of the People: democracy, livelihood &

nationalism

Struggle for Power in China

Sun Yixian’s power was challenged by

former Qing warlord Yuan Shikai

Sun Yixian forced to flee & Yuan Shikai

assumes military dictatorship

Yuan Skikai agrees to hand over

Manchuria and other lands to Japan

because he cannot fight for control of

China & the Japanese at the same time

Struggle for Power in China

Yuan Shikai dies; warlords control China

Sun Yixian organizes Kuomintang or Nationalist

Party to attempt to unite China

Sun Yixian & Chiang Kaishek ask Russia to help fight

against the warlords

1925- Sun Yixian dies

1926- Chiang Kaishek (with help of Soviet advisors

& weapons) begins to defeat warlords between

Canton & Beijing

By 1928- Nationalists control Beijing & China’s

government

Questions?

Name the last dynasty in to rule China?

Who is known as the “Father of Modern

China”?

Did Yuan Skikai establish a democracy?

Which party did Chiang Kai-shek belong

to?

Were Sun Yixian & Chiang Kai-shek allies?

Struggle for Power in China

1921- Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed in Shanghai

Mao Zedong was one of the first members of CCP

At first CCP worked with Kuomingtang, but Nationalists worried about Soviet influence. CCP is almost defeated.

Mao retreats to the mountains and forms Chinese Soviet Republic.

Chiang Kai-shek sends larger and larger armies to attack Mao. In 1934, Mao forced to move and begins the Long March. Year long march increased Mao’s popularity.

Threat from Japan 1931- Japanese soldiers in Manchuria, threatened

by Nationalist progress, launch attack against

Chinese in Manchuria

Henry Puyi (child emperor from Qing dynasty who

had fled to Japan) returned to govern Manchukuo-

Japanese empire in Manchuria

China appealed to the League of Nations. League

declared Japan at fault. Japan leaves League of

Nations. Italy & Germany recognize new country of

Manchukuo

2nd Sino-Japanese War begins

Dec. 1937-Jan. 1938- Rape of Nanjing

WW2 keeps 2 sides fighting against common enemy

Struggle for Power in China End of WW2 = end of cooperation between

Kuomintang and CCP

Chiang fears Soviet influence

Kuomintang is well armed, but Mao has the people on his side with promises of re-distributed land

1949- CCP attacks Nanjing (capital of Kuomintang gov’t) by sailing across Yangtze River

Chiang begins a retreat with ends with the Kuomintang leaving China and creating “true Republic of China” on Taiwan in exile

Oct 1, 1949- Mao declares himself chairman of the People’s Republic of China

Questions?

Who was the leader of CCP?

Which group participated in the Long March?

What led the CCP and Nationalists to unite?

What type of government did Mao establish in China?

What type of government did Chiang establish in Taiwan?

Opener

What is the difference between indirect and

direct rule in colonial Africa?

What impact did the style of rule have on

countries as they gained independence?

Use pages 779-781 to construct an explanation

of each. Be sure to include which colonial

powers favored each method.

Ghana

Gold Coast- British Colony

1947- Kwame Nkrumah

(educated in US @ Lincoln

University) begins to work for full

independence from Britain.

Mostly non-violent revolution.

1957- Gold Coast becomes

Ghana; Nkrumah named Prime

Minister

Ghana Costly improvements for

infrastructure and social programs damage the economy.

Pan-African efforts competed for Nkrumah’s time.

1966- Army & police seize power while Nkrumah was in China

Power struggle has continued in country.

2000- 1st elections held

Work Session- Learning Walk

Each group is responsible for explaining how their

assigned country gained independence & how

the legacy of colonialism impacted the new

government.

Include map of Africa with country labelled,

description of independence movement &

colonial power, how colonialism impacted new

government.

Countries: Kenya, Algeria, Congo, Angola,

Rwanda

Opener

Be sure that your poster is finished and posted on

the wall.

Read pg. 776-778 in your textbook.

Answer the following:

What does the map of ethnic boundaries suggest

about the number of ethnic groups in Africa in 1913?

How was the struggle for land in the Boer War

different from other takeovers in Africa?