During the 20th century most synthetic polymers have been used as structural materials or as

electric insulators. But in the past 20 years, they have been tailored as electron or ion conductors; when

combined with appropriate salts their ionic conductivity can be put to use as an electrolyte. Peter V.

Wright, a polymer chemist from Sheffield, first showed in 1975 that poly-ethylene oxide (PEO) can act as

a host for sodium and potassium salts, thus producing a solid electrical conductor polymer/salt complex

(P.V. Wright, British Polymer Journal, 7 (1975), p. 319). Michel Armand, who had suggested the use of

graphite intercalation compounds for electrodes, immediately realized that lithium/PEO complexes

could be deployed as solid electrolytes matching perfectly intercalation electrodes. A lithium salt could

be dissolved in a solvating polymer matrix through direct interaction of the cation and electron pairs.

The complex formed (as result of the favorable competition between the solvation energy and the

lattice energy of the salt) becomes a good conductor at 60-80°C. Armand's suggestion met with

considerable interest at the Second International Meeting on Solid Electrolytes held at St Andrews in

Scotland (M.B. Armand, J.M. Chabagno and M. Duclot, in Second International Meeting on Solid

Electrolytes, St Andrews, Scotland, 20-22 Sept., 1978, Extended Abstract; M.B. Armand, J.M. Chabagno

and M. Duclot, “Poly-ethers as solid electrolytes”, in P. Vashitshta, J.N. Mundy, G.K. Shenoy, Fast ion

Transport in Solids. Electrodes and Electrolytes, North Holland Publishers, Amsterdam, 1979). Armand's

short paper opened up new perspectives in the international solid-state ionics community.

In recent years, there has been an intensified research and study on all solid-state ionic conductors

such as fast/superionic conductors, insertion compounds, polymer electrolytes as well as

electrochromic devices. One of the keen interests is to develop solid electrolytes especially solid

polymer electrolyte (SPE) because of its wider applications in supercapacitors, electric vehicles

(EV), high vacuum electrochemistry, sensors, modified electrode, electrochromic windows,

thermoelectric generators, and fuel cells. However, Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) was given more

attentions in application of secondary lithium ion batteries. Solid polymer electrolyte was invented

in order to overcome the problem related to the liquid electrolyte. From the previous study

conducted by M. Y. A. Rahman Et al, 2011 about LiClO4 salt concentration effect on the properties

of PVC-modified low molecular weight LENR50-based solid polymer electrolyte. It state that SPEs

are expected to replace the conventional liquid electrolyte in batteries since liquid electrolytes

have several inevitable drawbacks such as corrosion caused by the powerful solvent leakage that

might react with seals or containers of the batteries and the production of harmful gas during

operation. However, the SPE-based batteries can be packaged in low-pressure container because

of the absence of gas formation and of any significant vapor pressure. In term of design, they can

be configured in almost any shape because of the flexibility of the materials used. They exhibit a

wider electrochemical and thermal stability as well as low volatility. Other advantages are viz. light

in weight, thin, high energy density, better mechanical strength, and high automation process.

From the previous study, we can conclude that the solid polymer electrolyte was created because

of the limitation of liquid electrolyte.