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Research on Mathematics Education
Grover J. (Russ) Whitehurst, Ph.D.
Director
Institute of Education Sciences
United States Department of Education
Archived Information
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4th Grade 8th Grade 12th Grade
Proficient Below Basic Below Basic Af Am
NAEP 2000 Proficiency
The Math Wars
Constructivist Approaches Skills-based Approaches
Knowledge is constructed Knowledge is imparted
Children should develop their own understanding
Children should master standard facts & concepts
Authentic problems Skill-relevant problems
Intrinsically motivated Extrinsically motivated
Checks on Constructivism
• Many routes to understanding
• Limits on working memory
• Inefficiency of discovery
• Role of work in learning
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1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6
Average on liking mathematics scale
Ave
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mat
hem
atic
s sc
ore Japan
South Africa
U.S.
Constructivist Math – 3 States
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IL Grd 3 IL Grd 5 MA Grd 4 WA Grd 3 WA Grd 4
Constructivist Business-as-usual
Elements of State Math Reforms
• State-wide standards
• Linked state-wide assessments
• Accountability for results