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Climate Compatible Development Lessons from MozambiqueDr Luis Artur, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo, Felizberto Afonso and Liz Mangoele, Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development (MITADER), ŶƚŽŶŝŽĞůĞnjĂEĂƟŽŶĂůŝŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ;/E'ͿĂŶĚEĂĚŝĂĚƌŝĂŽDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨĐŽŶŽŵLJĂŶĚ&ŝŶĂŶĐĞ;D&Ϳ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨDŽnjĂŵďŝƋƵĞ
March 2015
ĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚΘdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ;/dͿhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨtŽůǀĞƌŚĂŵƉƚŽŶdĞůĨŽƌĚĂŵƉƵƐdĞůĨŽƌĚ^ŚƌŽƉƐŚŝƌĞd&ϮϵEd h< dĞůнϰϰ;ϬͿϭϵϬϮϯϮϯϮϭϵŵĂŝůĐŝĚƚΛǁůǀ ĂĐƵŬtĞďǁǁǁĐŝĚƚŽƌŐƵŬ
2 3
DISCLAIMER
This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International
Development (DFID) and the Netherlands Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS)
MVY[OLILULÄ[VMKL]LSVWPUNJV\U[YPLZ/V^L]LY[OL]PL^ZL_WYLZZLKHUKPUMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPUP[HYLUV[ULJLZZHYPS`[OVZLVMVYLUKVYZLKI`+-0+VY+.0:;OPZW\ISPJH[PVUOHZILLUWYLWHYLKMVYNLULYHSN\PKHUJLVUTH[[LYZVMPU[LYLZ[VUS HUKKVLZUV[JVUZ[P[\[LWYVMLZZPVUHSHK]PJL@V\ZOV\SKUV[HJ[\WVU[OLPUMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPU[OPZW\ISPJH[PVU^P[OV\[VI[HPUPUNZWLJPÄJWYVMLZZPVUHSHK]PJL5VYLWYLZLU[H[PVUVY^HYYHU[`L_WYLZZVYPTWSPLKPZNP]LUHZ[V[OLHJJ\YHJ`VYJVTWSL[LULZZVM[OLPUMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPU[OPZW\ISPJH[PVUHUK[V[OLL_[LU[WLYTP[[LKI`SH [OLLU[P[PLZTHUHNPUN[OLKLSP]LY`VM[OL*SPTH[LHUK+L]LSVWTLU[2UV^SLKNL5L[^VYRKVUV[HJJLW[VYHZZ\TLHU`SPHIPSP[ YLZWVUZPIPSP[`VYK\[`VMJHYLMVYHU`JVUZLX\LUJLZVM`V\VYHU`VULLSZLHJ[PUNVYYLMYHPUPUN[VHJ[PUYLSPHUJLVU[OLPUMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPU[OPZW\ISPJH[PVUVYMVYHU`KLJPZPVUIHZLKVUP[4HUHNLTLU[VM[OLKLSP]LY`VM*+25PZ\UKLY[HRLUby 7YPJL^H[LYOV\ZL*VVWLYZ337HUKHUHSSPHUJLVMVYNHUPZH[PVUZPUJS\KPUNFundación Futuro
3H[PUVHTLYPJHUVINTRAC3,(+0U[LYUH[PVUHS[OLOverseas Development InstituteHUKSouth
South North
ExecutiveSummary
4 5
0U1\S`[OL*SPTH[LHUK+L]LSVWTLU[2UV^SLKNL5L[^VYR*+25PUWHY[ULYZOPW^P[O[OL*LU[YLMVY0U[LYUH[PVUHS+L]LSVWTLU[HUK;YHPUPUN*0+;H[[OL>VS]LYOHTW[VU<UP]LYZP[`VM<2PUP[PH[LKH3LZZVU3LHYUPUN7YVQLJ[337VUJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[**+;OLTHPUNVHS^HZ[VJHW[\YLZ`U[OLZPZLHUKZOHYLJV\U[Y`ZVS\[PVUZHUKILZ[WYHJ[PJLLTLYNPUNMYVTUH[PVUHSSL]LSJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLWSHUUPUNPUselected countries in Africa in order to support
SLHYUPUNWVSPJ`KL]LSVWTLU[HUKWVZZPISLYLWSPJH[PVUVMLɈVY[ZHTVUNWHY[PJPWH[PUNHUKV[OLYJV\U[YPLZ;OLWYVQLJ[PZILPUNPTWSLTLU[LKPU4VaHTIPX\L2LU`H,[OPVWPHHUK9^HUKH;OLJ\YYLU[YLWVY[WYLZLU[ZRL`SLZZVUZSLHYULKPUPTWSLTLU[PUN**+PU4VaHTIPX\L
0U4VaHTIPX\L[OLSLHYUPUNWYVJLZZ^HZQVPU[S`KL]LSVWLKI`[OL4PUPZ[Y`MVY*VVYKPUH[PVUVM,U]PYVUTLU[(ɈHPYZ40*6([OL4PUPZ[Y`VM7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+[OL5H[PVUHS0UZ[P[\[LMVY+PZHZ[LY4HUHNLTLU[05.*HUK[OL3LZZVU3LHYUPUN3LHKLY^OVPZIHZLKH[[OL,K\HYKV4VUKSHUL<UP]LYZP[`<,4PU4HW\[V;OLTL[OVKVSVN`\ZLKMVYKH[HNH[OLYPUNHUKHUHS`ZPZPUJS\KLKHUPUJLW[PVU^VYRZOVWPU1\S`PU5HPYVIP2LU`HH[[LUKLKI`HSS[OLJV\U[YPLZPU]VS]LK*+25HUK*0+;;OPZ^VYRZOVWOLSWLK[VPKLU[PM`[OLMV\YSLHYUPUN[OLTLZWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZVU**+"PUZ[P[\[PVUHSHYYHUNLTLU[ZHUKJVVYKPUH[PVU"WSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNHUKRUV^SLKNLIHZLKWSHUUPUN;OL^VYRZOVW^HZMVSSV^LKI`PUJV\U[Y`PKLU[PÄJH[PVUVMRL`Z[HRLOVSKLYZHUKPU[LY]PL^ZHSP[LYH[\YLYL]PL MVJ\ZNYV\WKPZJ\ZZPVUZHUKH]HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVWH[[LUKLKI`UH[PVUHSHJ[VYZMYVTNV]LYUTLU[*P]PS:VJPL[`6YNHUPaH[PVUZ[OLWYP]H[LZLJ[VY<5HNLUJPLZHUKKVUVYZ0[^HZHSZVH[[LUKLKI`HYLWYLZLU[H[P]LMYVT*0+;-VSSV^PUN[OPZ[OLYLWVY[^LU[[OYV\NOHYL]PL^WYVJLZZPU]VS]PUNRL`Z[HRLOVSKLYZPU4VaHTIPX\L*+25HUK*0+;
The following are the key drivers and IHYYPLYZPKLU[PÄLKPU4VaHTIPX\LMVY[OLJV\U[Y`[VW\YZ\L**+
THE CCD POLICY LANDSCAPE
Key drivers6]LY[OLSHZ[[^VKLJHKLZVWPUPVUZHTVUNZ[WVSPJ`THRLYZOH]LJOHUNLK[V[YPNNLY[OLJV\U[Y`»ZLUNHNLTLU[PUJSPTH[LJOHUNLWVSPJ`KL]LSVWTLU[;OPZOHZVJJ\YYLKbecause of incentives to join international
JVU]LU[PVUZHUKILPUNW\ZOLKI`M\UKPUNdonors and civil society in the aftermath of
KPZHZ[LYZZ\JOHZ[OLÅVVKPUNVMHUK"[OLJ`JSVULZVMHUK[OLKYV\NO[VMHUK:\JOPZ[OLZ[YLUN[OVM.V]LYUTLU[JVTTP[TLU[[OH[V]LY[OPZWLYPVK4VaHTIPX\LOHZWYVK\JLKVUH]LYHNLHIV\[[^VYLN\SH[VY`WVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZVULU]PYVUTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLWLY`LHY
;OPZOHZILLUHNVVKKYP]LYMVY**+-VYL_HTWSL[OPZWVSPJ`SHUKZJHWLYLZ\S[LKPUHUPUJYLHZLPU[OLZPaLVMWYV[LJ[LKHYLHZ[VHIV\[TVYL[OHU[^PJL[OLPU[LYUH[PVUHSYLX\PYLTLU[VMH[SLHZ[VM[OLJV\U[Y`HUL_WHUZPVUPU[OL\ZLVMYLUL^HISLLULYN`HUKHYLK\J[PVUPU[OL\ZLVMKPLZLSMVYLULYN`WYVK\J[PVU
Key barriers+LZWP[L[OLHJOPL]LTLU[ZTLU[PVULKHIV]LRL`SPTP[H[PVUZZ[PSSYLTHPU[OH[PUJS\KLHULLKMVYHOHYTVUPaH[PVUVM[OLWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZ[OLKPZZLTPUH[PVUHUKLTILKKPUNVM[OLZLWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZPUHKLJLU[YHSPZLK^H`UH[PVU^PKLHUKM\UKPUNHUKO\THUJHWHJP[`[VPTWSLTLU[**+;OLYLPZHSZVHULLK[VL_WHUK[OL\ZLVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNLPUWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNWYVJLZZLZ(KKLK[V[OPZILJH\ZL[OLYLPZ`L[UV4 ,Z`Z[LTVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL[OLLɈLJ[P]LULZZVM[OLZWLUKPUNPZHSZVZ[PSS\UJSLHY
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP
Key drivers0U4VaHTIPX\LWYLZZ\YLMYVTUH[PVUHSJP]PSZVJPL[`[VYLK\JLSVZZVMSPMLHUKKHTHNLPUPUMYHZ[Y\J[\YLJVTIPULK^P[OH]HPSHIPSP[`VMPU[LYUH[PVUHSM\UKPUNOH]LSLK[VPUJYLHZLKH[[LU[PVUVULU]PYVUTLU[JSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKKPZHZ[LYYPZRYLK\J[PVU0U[\YU[OPZOHZKYP]LU[OLPUZ[P[\[PVUHSHNLUKH;OLPUZ[P[\[PVUHSHYYHUNLTLU[MVYJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLdevelopment has been established and is
^LSSLTILKKLK0UWHY[PJ\SHY40*6(PZ[OLSLHKPUNPUZ[P[\[PVUVULU]PYVUTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU4VaHTIPX\LHUKPZTHUKH[LK[VJVVYKPUH[L[OLZLPZZ\LZHJYVZZ[OLJV\U[Y (UK^P[OYLZWLJ[[VM\UKPUNHYYHUNLTLU[ZMVYLU]PYVUTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNL[OLZLare overseen by the National Fund for the
,U]PYVUTLU[-<5()HUH\[VUVTV\ZPUZ[P[\[PVUH[40*6(-<5()PZHSZV[OLKLZPNUH[LK5H[PVUHS0TWSLTLU[PUN,U[P[`50,MVY[OL<5-***(KHW[H[PVU-\UK0U[OL.V]LYUTLU[HWWYV]LK[OL5H[PVUHS:[YH[LN`MVY(KHW[H[PVUHUK4P[PNH[PVU[V*SPTH[L*OHUNL,5(44*<UKLY[OPZZ[YH[LN`UL^units have been proposed and have been
ZHUJ[PVULKVYHYLPU[OLWYVJLZZVMILPUNLZ[HISPZOLK;OLYLPZ[OL*SPTH[L*OHUNL<UP[<4*JYLH[LKH[[OLHSYLHK`L_PZ[PUNNational Council for Sustainable Development
*65+,:»Z:LJYL[HYPH[H[40*6(;VM\SÄS40*6(»ZM\UJ[PVUHZ[OLJVVYKPUH[VYVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ[OL<4*PZJOHYNLKZWLJPÄJHSS`^P[O[OPZYLTP[;OL<4*PZ[LJOUPJHSS`HK]PZLKI`HUPU[LYTPUPZ[LYPHSNYV\WJHSSLK[OL0U[LY0UZ[P[\[PVUHS.YV\WMVY*SPTH[L*OHUNL.004*I`[OL*65+,:[LJOUPJHSNYV\WI`the Disaster Reduction Technical Group (at
05.*HUKI`[OL*LU[YLMVY[OL4HUHNLTLU[VM*SPTH[L*OHUNL2UV^SLKNL*.*4*^OPJOPZIHZLKPU[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM:JPLUJLHUK;LJOUVSVN ;OL<4*JVVYKPUH[LZHUKMHJPSP[H[LZPU[LYPUZ[P[\[PVUHSSPURHNLZWYLWHYLZHUU\HSWYVNYHTTLZHUK^VYRWSHUZTVUP[VYZ[OLPTWSLTLU[H[PVUVM[OL,5(44*HUKNP]LZ[LJOUPJHSHK]PJL[VTPUPZ[YPLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLWYVQLJ[ZHUKWYVNYHTTLZ
Key barriers*SPTH[LJOHUNLPU[LY]LU[PVUZPU4VaHTIPX\L[HRLLP[OLY[OL+99HWWYVHJO^OPJOPZSLKI`05.*VY[OLLU]PYVUTLU[HSHWWYVHJOW\YZ\LKI`40*6(;OPZZLWHYH[PVUOHZSVJHSYLJVNUP[PVUHUKPZM\Y[OLYLTILKKLKI`[^VKPɈLYLU[HNLUJPLZ[HRPUN[OLSLHKVULMVYLP[OLYHWWYVHJO>OPSLIV[OHWWYVHJOLZcan be complementary and supportive
VMJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[SP[[SLHY[PJ\SH[PVUVM[OLSPURZIL[^LLU[OLTPUVYKLYto avoid duplication has been observed in
[OLWYLZLU[KH`ZL[[PUN;OLHWWYVHJOLZHWWLHY[VIYPUNKPɈLYLU[JVTTHUKSPULZ[OH[SHYNLS`KVUV[LUNHNL^P[OLHJOV[OLYHUK[OPZOHZSLK[V^LHRJVVYKPUH[PVU)LZPKLZ[OH[[OLYLZLHYJOOHZMV\UK[OH[YLZV\YJLSPTP[H[PVUZJVTWL[P[PVUIL[^LLUPUZ[P[\[PVUZZ[HɈ[\YUV]LYHUKSHJRVMO\THUYLZV\YJLJHWHJP[ SPTP[LKWHY[PJPWH[PVUVMJP]PSZVJPL[`HUKVM[OLWYP]H[LZLJ[VYHZ^LSSHZ[OLSPTP[LKKLJLU[YHSPaH[PVUVMWV^LYHYLHSSIHYYPLYZ\UKLYTPUPUNPUZ[P[\[PVUHSHYYHUNLTLU[ZJVVYKPUH[PVUHUKSLHKLYZOPWMVY**+/LUJL[OLZLHYLRL`PZZ\LZ[OH[ULLK[VILHKKYLZZLKMVYLɈLJ[P]L**+PU4VaHTIPX\L(S[OV\NOUL^PUZ[P[\[PVUZZ\JOHZ[OL<4*OH]LILLULZ[HISPZOLK[OL`HYL`L[[VTH[\YLHUKOH]LMHY[VNV[VV]LYJVTL[OLZLIHYYPLYZ
0THNL!<U[P[SLKI`Rosino is licensed under **)@
6 7
PLANNING AND BUDGETING MECHANISMS
Key drivers;OLWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNZ`Z[LTPZ^LSSLZ[HISPZOLKPU4VaHTIPX\LHUKK\L[VWYLZZ\YLMYVT[OLKVUVYJVTT\UP[ RLLU[VZLL.V]LYUTLU[VM4VaHTIPX\L.V4JVTTP[TLU[[VJSPTH[LJOHUNLP[OHZZWHJLMVYJSPTH[LJVUZPKLYH[PVUZ^P[OPUP[;OPZOHZILLUIHJRLK\W^P[OZVTLÄUHUJLZPUJL[OLJV\U[Y`OHZHSZVPU]LZ[LKHIV\[VMP[ZHUU\HSI\KNL[VU+PZHZ[LY9PZR9LK\J[PVU+99HUK*SPTH[L*OHUNL(KHW[H[PVU**(;OL4PUPZ[Y`MVY7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+HUK[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM-PUHUJL4-OH]LJVYLZWVUZPIPSP[`MVYWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUN;OLUH[PVUHSWSHUUPUNWYVJLZZ\UKLY[OLYLZWVUZPIPSP[`VM47+PZIHZLKVUSVUN[LYTNSVIHSHUKYLNPVUHSKL]LSVWTLU[HNLUKHZLN4+.Z[OL:(+*KL]LSVWTLU[]PZPVUHUK[OLUH[PVUHSSVUN[LYT]PZPVUV\[SPULKPU[OL(NLUKH;VNL[OLY[OLZLHNLUKHZOLSWMYHTL[OLNV]LYUTLU[TPK[LYTWSHUUPUN[OYV\NO[OL-P][email protected]]LYUTLU[7SHU7SHUV8\PUX\LUHSKV.V]LYUV78.HUK[OL-P]L@LHY7V]LY[`9LK\J[PVU:[YH[LN`7SHUVKL(JsqVWHYH9LK\sqVKH7VIYLaH7(97
^P[O[OLZLSHZ[[^V\S[PTH[LS`KYP]PUNZLJ[VYHSZ[YH[LNPLZHUKWSHUZ:PUJL4VaHTIPX\LOHZPU[YVK\JLKHI\KNL[SPULPU[OLHUU\HSWSHUUPUNWYVJLZZI\KNL[SPUL4*(MVYJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ
;OLSVUNHUKTPK[LYTZ[YH[LNPLZHYLVWLYH[PVUHSPaLK[OYV\NOHUU\HSWSHUZHUKI\KNL[Z¶[OLHUU\HS,JVUVTPJHUK:VJPHS7SHU7,:H[UH[PVUHSSL]LSHUK[OL+PZ[YPJ[,JVUVTPJHUK:VJPHS7SHUHUK)\KNL[7,:6+H[KPZ[YPJ[SL]LS¶^OPJOHYLHWWYV]LKQVPU[S`I`47+HUK4-;OLUH[PVUHS7,:¶HWWYV]LKQVPU[S`I`47+HUK4-¶PZZ\ITP[[LK[V[OL*V\UJPSVM4PUPZ[LYZMVYHWWYV]HSILMVYLP[NVLZ[V[OLWHYSPHTLU[MVY[OLÄUHSLUKVYZLTLU[7,:6+OHZ[VILapproved by the District Consultative Council
**+;OLUH[PVUHSWSHUUPUNZ`Z[LTPZLP[OLYNLVNYHWOPJHS[LYYP[VYPHS5H[PVUHS7YV]PUJPHSand District development plans) or sectoral
LHJOZLJ[VYOHZP[ZV^UZ[YH[LNPLZHUKWSHUZMVYP[ZOPNOLYWLYMVYTHUJLHUK[OLZLHYLOHYTVUPaLKILMVYLM\UKPUNPZHWWYV]LK[VH]VPKK\WSPJH[PVU-\UKPUNTLJOHUPZTZMVSSV^ZPTPSHYYV\[LZ;OLYLHYLM\UKZHSSVJH[LKH[UH[PVUHSWYV]PUJPHSHUKKPZ[YPJ[SL]LSZHZ^LSSHZM\UKZHSSVJH[LK[VLHJOZLJ[VY9LNHYKSLZZof the system all plans are supposed to
respond to the major indicators addressed
at the PQG and at PARP and the national
KPYLJ[VYH[LMVYTVUP[VYPUNHUKL]HS\H[PVUH[[OL47+HYL[HZRLK[VLUZ\YL[OPZOHWWLUZ
Key barriers7SHUUPUNMVY**+PUWHY[PJ\SHYYLX\PYLZJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNL¶ZWLJPHSPaLKPUMVYTH[PVUVU[OLPU[LYSPURHNLZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK[OL]HYPV\ZZLJ[VYZH[HYLZVS\[PVU[OH[PZWYHJ[PJHSMVYWSHUUPUNH[KPɈLYLU[SL]LSZMYVTSVJHS[VUH[PVUHS;OLYLPZZVTLPUMVYTH[PVUVUthe biophysical and socioeconomic impacts of
JSPTH[LJOHUNLSPRLPUMVYTH[PVUVU[OLPU[LYSPURHNLZIL[^LLUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKSHUK^H[LYHUKMVYLZ[Y`ZLJ[VYZ/V^L]LYPUKLW[Oand comprehensive analysis of the inter-
SPURHNLZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK[OL]HYPV\ZZLJ[VYZOHZZ[PSSUV[ILLUHJOPL]LK`L[PZYLX\PYLK[VZ\WWVY[WSHUUPUNMVY**+;OLYLPZHSZVHULLK[V[YHUZSH[LL_PZ[PUNPUMVYTH[PVUVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPTWHJ[ZHJYVZZ
KPɈLYLU[ZLJ[VYZPU[VWSHUUPUNLSLTLU[Z[OH[JHUILI\KNL[LKI\[[OPZPZZ[PSS]LY`SPTP[LK:VTLZLJ[VYZTH`ZVVULY[OHUV[OLYZILJVTLIL[[LYWVZP[PVULK[VPU[LNYH[LJSPTH[LJOHUNLPUWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUN-VYPUZ[HUJL[OLTHWWPUNVM[OLUH[PVUHSUH[\YHSJHWP[HSWYLZLU[S`\UKLY^H`\UKLY[OL5H[PVUHS.YLLU,JVUVT`:[YH[LN`HWWYV]LKHM[LY[OL,5(44*TH`JVTL[VMVZ[LY[OLSPURVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKUH[\YHSYLZV\YJLZ6]LYHSS[OV\NO[OPZOHZUV[ILLU[OLJHZL
;OLYLZLHYJOHSZVMV\UK[OH[KPɈLYLU[WLYJLW[PVUZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNL^P[OPUinstitutions limit coherent and coordinated
WSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUN0UVYKLY[VTHRLWYVNYLZZ[OLYLPZHULLK[VZPTWSPM`HUKKPZZLTPUH[LRL`JSPTH[LJOHUNLTLZZHNLZ/V^L]LY[OPZULLKZ[VILHJJVTWHUPLKI`SVII`PUNHUKZLUZP[PaH[PVUVMKLJPZPVUTHRLYZ^P[OPUKPɈLYLU[SPULTPUPZ[YPLZHUKPUZ[P[\[PVUZ(ZOHYLKJYVZZPUZ[P[\[PVUHS\UKLYZ[HUKPUNVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZHWYLYLX\PZP[LMVYZ\JJLZZM\SWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNMVY**+-PUHSS [OLYLZLHYJOMV\UK[OH[[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZILLUT\JOMHZ[LYPUHKKYLZZPUNJSPTH[LJOHUNL^P[OPUP[ZV^UWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNTLJOHUPZTZ[OHUP[OHZILLUPULUNHNPUN^P[OJP]PSZVJPL[`VYNHUPaH[PVUZHUK[OLWYP]H[LZLJ[VY[VLUZ\YLZOHYLK\UKLYZ[HUKPUN;OPZSPTP[Z[OLTV[P]H[PVUHUKJHWHJP[`[VHJ[ZPNUPÄJHU[S`OHTWLYPUNJV\U[Y`^PKLPTWSLTLU[H[PVU
FUNDING MECHANISMS
Key drivers4VaHTIPX\LOHZLZ[HISPZOLK[OLPUZ[P[\[PVUHSTLJOHUPZTZ[VV]LYZLLJSPTH[LM\UKPUN-<5()PZ[OLUH[PVUHSKLZPNUH[LKLU[P[`MVYJSPTH[LM\UKZHUKV]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZUH[PVUHSH^HYLULZZVM[OLULLK[VM\UK**+OHZPUJYLHZLKHUK[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZJYLH[LKHZTLU[PVULKLHYSPLYHI\KNL[SPULVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL4*(0[^HZPUÅ\LUJLK[VKV[OPZMYVTH]HYPL[`VMHUNSLZ¶[OL7\ISPJ,U]PYVUTLU[,_WLUKP[\YL9L]PL^VM^HZJVU[YPI\[VY`HZ^LSSHZ[OLWYLZZ\YLMYVT[OLKVUVYZ[VZOV^JVTTP[TLU[[VJSPTH[L
JOHUNL;OLYLZ\S[PZHUPTWVY[HU[KLNYLLVMJSHYP[ HS[OV\NO[OLHJ[\HSPZH[PVUVM**+WYVNYHTTPUNÅV^PUNMYVT[OPZPZ`L[[VILKLTVUZ[YH[LKPUWYHJ[PJL
Key barriers/PZ[VYPJHSS 4VaHTIPX\L»ZKL]LSVWTLU[OHZILLUKLWLUKLU[VUPU[LYUH[PVUHSHPKHUKthe survival of most of the NGOs and the
CSOs depends entirely on the international
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There are several international climate
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:PNUPÄJHU[S TVZ[VM[OLY\YHSWVVYKLWLUKVUHNYPJ\S[\YLHZ[OLPYTHPUSP]LSPOVVKZV\YJLI\[HNYPJ\S[\YHSM\UKZOH]LILLU]LY`SPTP[LKand recent results from national assessments
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0THNL!;YLLI`-4PYH is licensed under **)@
8 9
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3PZ[VM-PN\YLZ 3PZ[VM(IIYL]PH[PVUZ .SVZZHY`VM*SPTH[L*VTWH[PISL+L]LSVWTLU[;LYTPUVSVN`
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
4VaHTIPX\LHUK*SPTH[L*OHUNL ;OL3LZZVU3LHYUPUN7YVQLJ[ 9LWVY[:[Y\J[\YL
SECTION 2: METHODOLOGY
:L[[PUN\WH5H[PVUHS3LZZVU3LHYUPUN;LHT ;OL0UJLW[PVU>VYRZOVW +LÄUPUN[OL**+*VUJLW[\HS-YHTL^VYRHUK9LZLHYJO;OLTLZ :V\YJLZVM+H[HHUK0UMVYTH[PVU
SECTION 3: PROGRESS ON CCD POLICIES IN MOZAMBIQUE
0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VM7VSPJ`+L]LSVWTLU[ 3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU7VSPJ`+L]LSVWTLU[
SECTION 4: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP
0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VM0UZ[P[\[PVUHS(YYHUNLTLU[Z*VVYKPUH[PVUHUK3LHKLYZOPW 3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU0UZ[P[\[PVUHS(YYHUNLTLU[Z*VVYKPUH[PVUHUK3LHKLYZOPW
SECTION 5: PLANNING AND BUDGETING MECHANISMS
0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VU7SHUUPUNHUK)\KNL[PUN4LJOHUPZTZ 3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU7SHUUPUNHUK)\KNL[PUN
SECTION 6: FUNDING MECHANISMS
0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VU-\UKPUN4LJOHUPZTZ 3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU-\UKPUN4LJOHUPZTZ
SECTION 7: KNOWLEDGE-BASED PLANNING ON CCD
0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VU[OL2UV^SLKNL)HZLMVY**+ 2L`3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU2UV^SLKNL
SECTION 8: CONCLUSIONS AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
*VUJS\ZPVUZ6]LYHSS2L`9LJVTTLUKH[PVUZ
SECTION 9: REFERENCES
SECTION 10: PEOPLE INTERVIEWED
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THE USE OF CLIMATE CHANGE KNOWLEDGE IN PLANNING FOR CCD
Key drivers4VaHTIPX\LOHZTV]LK]LY`MHZ[PUWYVK\JPUNJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNLHUKZJPLU[PÄJHUK[LJOUPJHSL_WLY[PZL6]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZHU\TILYVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLZ[\KPLZOH]LILLUW\ISPZOLK^OPJOOH]LMLKPU[V[OLKL]LSVWTLU[VM[OL,5(44*[OLNYLLULJVUVT`HJ[PVUWSHU[OLKPZHZ[LYSH HUKHU\TILYVMWYVQLJ[ZHUKWYVNYHTTLZZ\JOHZ[OL7PSV[7YVNYHTTLVU*SPTH[L9LZPSPLUJL77*9)LZPKLZ[OH[HU\TILYVM
public and private academic institutions are
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Key barriersDespite the achievements in terms of
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10 11
LIST OF FIGURES
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS((7 (MYPJH(KHW[H[PVU7YVNYHTTL(**9( (MYPJH*SPTH[L*OHUNL9LZPSPLUJL(SSPHUJL*)6 *VTT\UP[`)HZLK6YNHUPaH[PVU** *SPTH[L*OHUNLCCD Climate Compatible Development
CCGC Conselho Coordenador de Gestão de Calamidades
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DARIDAS Direcção de Desenvolvimento das Zonas Áridas e Semi-Áridas
DPPF Direcção Provincial de Plano e Finanças
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GLOSSARY OF CLIMATE COMPATIBLE DEVELOPMENT TERMINOLOGY 1 2
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^P[OLJVUVTPLZPU[YHUZP[PVUHPT[VYL[\YUNYLLUOV\ZLNHZLTPZZPVUZUV[JVU[YVSSLKI`[OL4VU[YLHS7YV[VJVS[V SL]LSZI`[OL`LHY;OL*VU]LU[PVULU[LYLKPUMVYJLPU4HYJO
=\SULYHIPSP[`=\SULYHIPSP[`PZ[OLKLNYLL[V^OPJOHZ`Z[LTPZZ\ZJLW[PISL[VHUK\UHISL[VJVWL^P[OHK]LYZLLɈLJ[ZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLPUJS\KPUNJSPTH[L]HYPHIPSP[`HUKL_[YLTLZ=\SULYHIPSP[`PZHM\UJ[PVUVM[OLJOHYHJ[LYTHNUP[\KLHUKYH[LVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK]HYPH[PVU[V^OPJOHZ`Z[LTPZL_WVZLKP[ZZLUZP[P]P[ HUKP[ZHKHW[P]LJHWHJP[
14 15
SECTION 1
Introduction
=\SULYHIPSP[`PZL_WLJ[LK[VPUJYLHZLover the next two KLJHKLZHZJSPTH[LJOHUNLPTWHJ[ZYLK\JLWLVWSL»Zlivelihood assets HUKPTWPUNLVUMVVKWYVK\J[PVU[O\Z\UKLYTPUPUN4VaHTIPX\L»Zoverarching goal of YLK\JPUNL_[YLTLWV]LY[ 05.* !
46A(4)08<,(5+CLIMATE CHANGE
3VJH[LKPU[OL:V\[OLYU(MYPJH9LNPVUIL[^LLU[OLSH[P[\KLZo27’ and 26o»ZV\[OHUKSVUNP[\KLZo»HUKo»LHZ[4VaHTIPX\LPZHJV\U[Y`VMJVU[YHZ[Z!IL[^LLU^HYHUKWLHJLKL]LSVWTLU[HUKKPZHZ[LYH[[LU[PVU[VJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ`L[PU]LZ[TLU[PUMVZZPSM\LSL_[YHJ[PUNLJVUVTPJHJ[P]P[PLZ6UVULOHUKMVSSV^PUN`LHYZVM^HY¶ÄYZ[MVYPUKLWLUKLUJLMYVT7VY[\N\LZLJVSVUPaH[PVUHUK[OLUHUPU[LYUHSJP]PS^HY6 IL[^LLU-YLSPTVPUWV^LYHUK[OL9LUHTVN\LYYPSSHZ¶[OLJV\U[Y`X\PJRS`TV]LK[VILJVTLVULVM[OL^VYSK»ZMHZ[LZ[NYV^PUNeconomies and a success story of transition
MYVTJP]PS^HY[VKL]LSVWTLU[7LHJLZ[HIPSP[ international aid and private investments
HSSV^LKHUHUU\HSH]LYHNL.+7NYV^[OVMHUK[OLYLK\J[PVUVM[OLL_[YLTLWV]LY[`YH[LMYVTULHYS` I`[OLLUKVM[OLJP]PS^HYPU [VHIV\[PU47-L[HS;OLKPZJV]LY`VMSHYNLTPULYHSZHUKNHZKLWVZP[ZHYLJ\YYLU[S`W\[[PUN4VaHTIPX\LVU[OLNSVIHSTHWVMSHYNLPU]LZ[TLU[Z0U4VaHTIPX\LYLJLP]LKHIV\[<:+IPSSPVUof private investments mainly in the sector
VMMVZZPSM\LSL_[YHJ[PVUPLJVHSHUKNHZ4VaHTIPX\LOHZVULVM[OLOPNOLZ[HPK.+7YH[PVPU(MYPJH¶HIV\[<:+ WLYJHWP[H(M+)L[HS!
6U[OLV[OLYOHUK[OLNHPUZOH]LILLUZ`Z[LTH[PJHSS`^PWLKH^H`LHJO[PTLJSPTH[LYLSH[LKOHaHYKZZ\JOHZJ`JSVULZVYÅVVKZZ[YPRL[OLJV\U[Y 0UHYLJVYKÅVVKRPSSLKHIV\[WLVWSLHUKWYVK\JLKlosses estimated at about USD 700 million
*OYPZ[PLHUK/HUSVU,JVUVTPJNYV^[OKLYHPSLKMYVT[OLL_WLJ[LK[VHIV\[.V4*P[PLZSPRL*OVR^LHUK?HP?HPPUZV\[OLYU4VaHTIPX\L^LYLJVTWSL[LS`Z\ITLYNLKHUKTHU`WLVWSLOHK[VILYLZJ\LKI`OLSPJVW[LYZ0[[VVRZL]LYHSyears for the country and particularly these
JP[PLZ[VYLJV]LY0UKLLKPUSLZZ[OHU`LHYZSH[LY*OVR^L^HZHNHPUZ\ITLYNLKHUKSVZZLZHYLH[[OPZWVPU[PU[PTLZ[PSS[VILM\SS`HJJV\U[LK;OLNV]LYUTLU[JSHPTZ[OH[[OLÅVVKPUNYLZ\S[LKPUKLH[OZabout 176 thousand displaced people and
LJVUVTPJSVZZLZVMHIV\[<:+TPSSPVU7-VY[OLZPaLVM[OLUH[PVUHSHUKSVJHSLJVUVT and for the local people the losses represents
HYL]LYZHSVU[OLPYLɈVY[Z[VI\PSKHIYPNO[LY[VTVYYV (UHZZLZZTLU[I`[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+MV\UKWV]LY[`SL]LSZPUZ[HNUHU[H[since 2003 and it claims recurrent disasters
Z\JOHZ[OLÅVVKPUNVMHUKHZ[OLTHPUYLHZVUZMVY[OPZZSV^KV^UVUWV]LY[`YLK\J[PVU
*\YYLU[S`4VaHTIPX\LPZVULVM[OLWVVYLZ[JV\U[YPLZPU[OL^VYSK0[YHURZ[OPYKMYVT[OLIV[[VTVU[OL/\THU+L]LSVWTLU[0UKL_/+0Q\Z[HIV]L5PNLYHUK+LTVJYH[PJ9LW\ISPJVM*VUNV<5+7*SPTH[LJOHUNLPZHSYLHK`M\LSSPUN[OL4VaHTIPJHU
-YLSPTVZ[HY[LK[OLHYTLKZ[Y\NNSLMVYPUKLWLUKLUJLPU HUK4VaHTIPX\LNV[P[ZPUKLWLUKLUJLMYVT7VY[\NHSPU 6*P]PS^HYZ[HY[LKPTTLKPH[LS`HM[LYPUKLWLUKLUJLPU HUKLUKLKPU 77YLZZJVUMLYLUJLVU1\S`
16 17
JVU[L_[VMWV]LY[`HUKKPZHZ[LYZHUKHZOPNOSPNO[LKPU[OLPU[YVK\J[VY`X\V[H[PVUP[PZL_WLJ[LK[VJVU[PU\L[VWYVK\JLV]LY^OLSTPUNKHTHNLZ(JJVYKPUN[V[OL05.* V]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZH]LYHNL[LTWLYH[\YLZPU4VaHTIPX\LOH]LPUJYLHZLKI`IL[^LLUo*o*HUKHYLL_WLJ[LKto increase by up to 6oC at the turn of the
JLU[\Y`PMNSVIHS*6LTPZZPVUZRLLWJ\YYLU[WHJL(Z[LTWLYH[\YLZOH]LYPZLU[OLYLOH]LILLU\UWYLKPJ[HISLHUKYLK\JLKYHPUMHSSZHUKPUJYLHZLZPUKY`ZWLSSZHUKKYV\NO[K\YH[PVURainy seasons have also started later and
LUKLKLHYSPLY"[OLU\TILYVMOV[KH`ZHUKUPNO[ZOHZPUJYLHZLKHUK[OLYLOHZILLUHreduction in the number of cold days and
UPNO[Z05.* (SVUN[OLZLJOHUNLZ[OLMYLX\LUJ`HUKPU[LUZP[`VMOHaHYKZZ\JOHZJ`JSVULZÅVVKZHUKKYV\NO[ZOHZPUJYLHZLKHUKPZL_WLJ[LK[VJVU[PU\L[VPUJYLHZL05.* ;OLPU[LY[^PUPUNVMOPNOLYWV]LY[`YH[LZ^P[O[OLZLOHaHYKZTHRLZ4VaHTIPX\L^P[OP[ZSVUNOPZ[VY`VMKPZHZ[LYZL]LUTVYL]\SULYHISL[V[OLTPUM\[\YL6UH]LYHNL4VaHTIPX\LPZHɈLJ[LKI`HKPZHZ[LYVMNYLH[THNUP[\KLL]LY``LHY05.*et al.!HUKYHURZ[OVUNSVIHS]\SULYHIPSP[`<5<,/:HUK[OPYKVUNSVIHS^LH[OLYYLSH[LKKHTHNLMVSSV^PUN)HUNSHKLZOHUK,[OPVWPH)\`Zet al!.P]LU[OLJVU[L_[WYLZLU[LKHIV]LKLHSPUN^P[OJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKLTIYHJPUNJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[PU4VaHTIPX\LPZVMNYLH[relevance for the country to sustain its
KL]LSVWTLU[HUKLYHKPJH[LWV]LY[
;/,3,::65LEARNING PROJECT
;OPZHZZLZZTLU[PZ^YP[[LU\UKLY[OL3LZZVU3LHYUPUN7YVQLJ[337VU**+M\UKLKI`[OL*SPTH[LHUK+L]LSVWTLU[2UV^SLKNL5L[^VYR(CDKN) and implemented by the Centre for
0U[LYUH[PVUHS+L]LSVWTLU[HUK;YHPUPUN*0+;H[[OL<UP]LYZP[`VM>VS]LYOHTW[VUPU[OL<2PUWHY[ULYZOPW^P[O[OL,K\HYKV4VUKSHUL<UP]LYZP[`<,4[OL40*6([OL4PUPZ[Y`VM7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+HUK[OL5H[PVUHS0UZ[P[\[LMVY+PZHZ[LY4HUHNLTLU[05.*;OL(MYPJH*SPTH[L9LZPSPLUJL(SSPHUJL
(**9(^HZHSZVWP]V[HSPUZV\YJPUN[OLYLZLHYJO[LHTHUKPUWYV]PKPUN[LJOUPJHSHUKSVNPZ[PJHSZ\WWVY[;OPZ^PSSILKPZJ\ZZLKM\Y[OLYPU[OLTL[OVKVSVN`ZLJ[PVU
;OLTHPUVIQLJ[P]LVM[OLWYVQLJ[PZ[VJHW[\YLsynthesise and share country solutions
HUKILZ[WYHJ[PJLLTLYNPUNMYVTUH[PVUHSSL]LSJSPTH[LJOHUNLWSHUUPUNPUZLSLJ[LKJV\U[YPLZPU(MYPJHPUVYKLY[VZ\WWVY[SLHYUPUNpolicy development and possible replication
VMLɈVY[ZHTVUNWHY[PJPWH[PUNHUKV[OLYJV\U[YPLZ;OLWYVQLJ[PZILPUNPTWSLTLU[LKPU4VaHTIPX\L2LU`H,[OPVWPHHUK9^HUKH^P[O[OLMVSSV^PUNRL`L_WLJ[LKSLHYUPUNV\[JVTLZ!
7VSPJ`THRLYZPU[OLWYVQLJ[JV\U[YPLZSVVRIHJR^HYKZHUKYLÅLJ[VU^OH[OHZOHWWLULKHUK^O`"
Participants from the other countries
involved in the project learn from each
V[OLYPUHJVUÄKLU[PHSHUK[Y\Z[PUNLU]PYVUTLU["
-\Y[OLYJV\U[YPLZ^OVTH`UV[`L[ILH[the same level of articulation of national
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;OLNSVIHSJVTT\UP[`^VYRPUNVU**+NH[OLYSLHYUPUN[OH[TH`OLSW[OLTPTWYV]L[OLPYWYHJ[PJLZ
9,769;:;9<*;<9,;OLYLWVY[PZZ[Y\J[\YLKPU[VLPNO[ZLJ[PVUZSection 1 above introduces the reader
[V[OLJV\U[Y`HUK[OL3377YVQLJ[^OPSLZLJ[PVUKLZJYPILZ[OLTL[OVKVSVN`MVSSV^LKMVYWYVQLJ[PTWSLTLU[H[PVUHUKYLWVY[PUN:LJ[PVUZ[VWYLZLU[WYVQLJ[ÄUKPUNZSVVRPUNZ`Z[LTH[PJHSS`H[WVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZZLJ[PVUPUZ[P[\[PVUHSHYYHUNLTLU[JVVYKPUH[PVUHUKSLHKLYZOPWZLJ[PVUWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNTLJOHUPZTZZLJ[PVUM\UKPUNTLJOHUPZTZZLJ[PVUHUKRUV^SLKNLIHZLKWSHUUPUNZLJ[PVU:LJ[PVUWYLZLU[Z[OLJVUJS\ZPVUZHUKRL`YLJVTTLUKH[PVUZLTLYNPUNMYVT[OLYLZLHYJO
SECTION 2
Methodolgy
18 19
:,;;05.<7(NATIONAL LESSON LEARNING TEAM
0U1\UL[OL*SPTH[LHUK+L]LSVWTLU[2UV^SLKNL5L[^VYR*+25[OYV\NOthe Centre for International Development
HUK;YHPUPUN*0+;H[[OL<UP]LYZP[`VM>VS]LYOHTW[VU<2HWWYVHJOLK[OL.V]LYUTLU[VM4VaHTIPX\L.V4HUK(**9([VKPZJ\ZZ[OLWVZZPIPSP[PLZVMZ[HY[PUN[OL3LZZVU3LHYUPUN7YVQLJ[337VU*SPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[PU4VaHTIPX\L;OLWYVQLJ[WHY[ULYZPUJS\KLKH337SLHKLYHUKZ[YVUNPU]VS]LTLU[I`RL`SPULTPUPZ[YPLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU4VaHTIPX\L
;OL.V]LYUTLU[[OYV\NO[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+[OL4PUPZ[Y`MVY[OL*VVYKPUH[PVUVM,U]PYVUTLU[HS(ɈHPYZ40*6(HUK[OL5H[PVUHS0UZ[P[\[LMVY+PZHZ[LY4HUHNLTLU[05.*UVTPUH[LKWYVQLJ[MVJHSWVPU[Z^P[O[OLTHPUVIQLJ[P]L[VQVPU[S`JVSSLJ[PUMVYTH[PVUHUKWYVK\JLSLZZVUZVURL`KYP]LYZHUKIHYYPLYZVU[OLJV\U[Y`»ZLɈVY[Z[VWSHUHUKPTWSLTLU[**+0UZVKVPUN[OLnational authorities helped the Project team
[VMYHTL\ZLM\SSLHYUPUNX\LZ[PVUZVMUH[PVUHSPU[LYLZ[HUKNSVIHSSLHYUPUN;VOLSWNH[OLYKH[HHUKYLWVY[[OLWYVQLJ[ZL[\WPUJS\KLK[OLHWWVPU[TLU[VMH3LZZVU3LHYUPUN3LHKLY3330U[OLJHZLVM4VaHTIPX\L[OLWVZP[PVU^HZÄSSLKI`+Y3\PZ(Y[\YH<UP]LYZP[`SLJ[\YLY^LSSRUV^UPU[OLJV\U[Y`HZHYLZLHYJOLYVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ
;OPZ337[LHTTL[VUth July 2013 to
discuss preliminary research topics and
to identify institutions and people to be
PU]VS]LKPU[OLWYVJLZZHZ^LSSHZLZ[HISPZOthe mechanisms to communicate the
SLZZVUZSLHYULK)HZLKVU[OLTLL[PUNHUKKPZJ\ZZPVUZ[OL[LHTKYHM[LKRL`[OLTH[PJHYLHZHUK[OLJV\U[Y`»ZTL[OVKVSVN`MVY[OLSLHYUPUNWYVJLZZ;OPZ^HZ[OLUWYLZLU[LKHUKKPZJ\ZZLKH[HWYVQLJ[PUJLW[PVU^VYRZOVWOLSKPU5HPYVIPVU1\S
;/,05*,7;065WORKSHOP
;OLPUJLW[PVU^VYRZOVW^HZVYNHUPaLK[VHSSV^WHY[PJPWH[PUNJV\U[YPLZ[VIL[[LY\UKLYZ[HUK[OLUH[\YLZJVWLHUKW\YWVZLZVM[OLWYVQLJ[[VKPZJ\ZZHUKHNYLLVUYLZLHYJO[OLTH[PJHYLHZHUKQVPU[S`LZ[HISPZO[OLJVUJLW[\HSMYHTL^VYRHUKZL[[OLYLZLHYJOYVHKTHWHUKKPZZLTPUH[PVUWYVJLZZLZ;OL^VYRZOVWOLSWLKHSZV[VJSHYPM`[OLYVSLZHUKresponsibilities of each of the actors involved
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Co-author all country’s project
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+,-0505.;/,CCD CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH THEMES
6]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZ[OLYLOHZILLUHNYV^PUNJVUZLUZ\Z[OH[JV\U[YPLZPU[OL^VYSKZOV\SKMVSSV^HKL]LSVWTLU[YV\[LHUKWVSPJ`HNLUKH[OH[ZPT\S[HULV\ZS`I\PSKZYLZPSPLUJLTP[PNH[LZJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKLUJV\YHNLZZ\Z[HPUHISLKL]LSVWTLU[;OPZTLHUZW\YZ\PUNHUH[PVUHSWVSPJ`HUKWSHUUPUNZ[YH[LN`[OH[ZLLRZ[VHɈLJ[[OLK\HSPTWLYH[P]LZVMPJVU[PU\LKLJVUVTPJNYV^[OULLKLK[VYLK\JLWV]LY[`HUKPTWYV]L^LSSILPUN"HUKPPPTWYV]LKLU]PYVUTLU[HSTHUHNLTLU[ULLKLK[V[HJRSLYLZV\YJLZJHYJP[PLZHUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLPTWHJ[Z
;OPZTPNYH[PVU[V^HYKHUL^HWWYVHJOVMCCD has been accompanied by a proliferation
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-VY[OLW\YWVZLZVM[OPZYLWVY[**+TLHUZdevelopment that minimises the harm caused
I`JSPTH[LPTWHJ[Z^OPSLTH_PTPZPUN[OLmany human development opportunities
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THPUZ[YLHTPUNHUKPZI\[[YLZZLKI`HUHWWYVWYPH[LJVVYKPUH[PVUTLJOHUPZT0UKLLKPU[LNYH[LKWSHUUPUNPZWP]V[HSMVYZ\JJLZZM\S**+HUKYLX\PYLZ[OLPUJVYWVYH[PVUVMKVTLZ[PJHUKPU[LYUH[PVUHSJSPTH[LJOHUNLVIQLJ[P]LZPU[VJV\U[Y`^PKLKL]LSVWTLU[WSHUUPUNWYVJLZZLZHZ^LSSHZPU[LNYH[PUNWSHUUPUNHJYVZZZLJ[VYZ;OPZPZILPUN[LYTLK5H[PVUHS**+7SHUUPUNHUKPZ[OLMVJ\ZVM[OL3LZZVU3LHYUPUN7YVQLJ[
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-PUHUJLM\UKPUNTLJOHUPZTZ;OPZ[OLTLSVVRZH[IV[OPU[LYUHSHUKL_[LYUHSTVKLZVMÄUHUJPUN**+^VYR0[LUJVTWHZZLZUV[Q\Z[JSPTH[LM\UKZI\[NYLLULJVUVT HUKPZJVUJLYULK^P[OMVYL_HTWSLPUJVUZPZ[LUJPLZ^P[OPUWVSPJ`HYLHZMYVTLU]PYVUTLU[[VPUK\Z[Y`HUKLULYN`ZLJ[VYZ
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consider both civil society and private sector
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20 21
:6<9*,:6-+(;(AND INFORMATION
;OPZYLWVY[^HZIHZLKVUKH[HHUKPUMVYTH[PVUVI[HPULKMYVTKPɈLYLU[ZV\YJLZUHTLS`!
3P[LYH[\YLYL]PL^(UL_WHUKLKKLZRIHZLKYL]PL^VMNV]LYUTLU[HSHJHKLTPJHUK5.6H\[OVYLKKVJ\TLU[Z^HZJHYYPLKV\[V]LYHWLYPVKVM[^VTVU[OZZ\WWSLTLU[LKHZHWWYVWYPH[L[OYV\NOV\[[OLYLWVY[^YP[PUNWLYPVKI`HWWS`PUN[OLJVU[LU[HUHS`ZPZ[LJOUPX\L9;OPZ^HZWHY[PJ\SHYS`YLSL]HU[PUVYKLY[VJHW[\YLUH[PVUHSWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZHYV\UK**+
Interviews; LU[`[OYLLRL`PUMVYTHU[ZMYVT[OLNV]LYUTLU[5.6ZWYP]H[LZLJ[VYHUKHJHKLTPH^LYLPU[LY]PL^LK;OLPU[LY]PL^Z^LYLJVUK\J[LKIHZLKVU[OLYLZLHYJOX\LZ[PVUZWYLZLU[LKPU(UUL_VM[OPZYLWVY[
-VJ\ZNYV\WKPZJ\ZZPVU(NYV\WKPZJ\ZZPVU^HZOLSKH[05.*^P[OZ[HɈTLTILYZVU6J[VILYHUKHUV[OLYVUL^HZOLSK^P[OTHZ[LYZ[\KLU[ZH[[OL-HJ\S[`VM(NYVUVT`HUK-VYLZ[Y`
,UNPULLYPUNVU5V]LTILY ;OLTHZ[LYZ[\KLU[Z^LYLH[[OLÄUHSZ[HNLVM[OLPYJV\YZLVUKPZHZ[LYTHUHNLTLU[HZWHY[VM[OLPYTHZ[LYVUY\YHSKL]LSVWTLU[)V[OKPZJ\ZZPVUZ^LYLVUWSHUUPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[PUNPU[LY]LU[PVUZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLKPZHZ[LYZHUKKL]LSVWTLU[PU4VaHTIPX\L)LZPKLZ[OLZLL]LU[Z[OL333HSZVH[[LUKLKHKH`MVJ\ZNYV\WVYNHUPaLKI`(**9(6J[VILY[VKPZJ\ZZ4VaHTIPX\L»ZWSHUUPUNTVUP[VYPUNHUKL]HS\H[PVU4 ,TLJOHUPZTZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL;OPZ^VYRZOVWOLSWLK[OL337[VNL[HKLLWLY\UKLYZ[HUKPUNVU[OLUH[PVUHSWVSPJ`HUKPUZ[P[\[PVUHSMYHTLZHUKLɈVY[ZILPUNTHKL[VZL[\WHU4 ,Z`Z[LTVU**+PU4VaHTIPX\L
=HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVW(]HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVW[VVRWSHJLVU4HYJOHUK^HZH[[LUKLKI`WHY[PJPWHU[ZMYVT[OLNV]LYUTLU[*:65.6HUKWYP]H[LZLJ[VYZ;OLTHPUVIQLJ[P]LVM[OL^VYRZOVW^HZ[VWYV]PKLYLZ\S[ZVM[OLSLZZVUSLHYUPUN[V[OVZL^OV[VVRWHY[PUP[HUKM\Y[OLYKPZ[PS[OLSLZZVUZPU[VTLHUPUNM\SHUKHJJLW[HISLSLZZVUZMVY[OPZYLWVY[0[HSZVWYV]PKLKHWSH[MVYT[VZVSPJP[PKLHZHUK]PL^ZVU¸^OH[UL_[&¹PU[LYTZVMOV^[OLSLZZVUZJHUIL\ZLKHUK[HRLU\WPU4VaHTIPX\LHUKL_[LYUHSS
SECTION 3
Progress on CCD Policies in
Mozambique
9*VU[LU[(UHS`ZPZPZKLÄULKHZH[LJOUPX\LMVYTHRPUNPUMLYLUJLI`Z`Z[LTH[PJHSS`HUKVIQLJ[P]LS`PKLU[PM`PUNZWLJPHSJOHYHJ[LYPZ[PJZVMTLZZHNLZ/VYZ[P 0UJVU[LU[HUHS`ZPZYLZLHYJOLYZL_HTPULHY[LMHJ[ZVMZVJPHSJVTT\UPJH[PVU^OPJO[`WPJHSS`HYL^YP[[LUKVJ\TLU[ZVY[YHUZJYPW[ZVMYLJVYKLK]LYIHSJVTT\UPJH[PVU
0THNL!*0-F77*9F4VaHTIPX\LFI`CIF Action
is licensed under **)@
22 23
05;96+<*;065(5+SUMMARY OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT
;OPZZLJ[PVUWYV]PKLZHUV]LY]PL^VM[OL**+WVSPJ`JVU[L_[^OPSLHUHS`ZPZHUKSLZZVUZSLHYULKVUWVSPJPLZHYLWYLZLU[LKPUZLJ[PVU
/PZ[VYPJHSS 4VaHTIPX\L»ZPUZ[P[\[PVUHSYLZWVUZL[VLU]PYVUTLU[KLNYHKH[PVUHUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLJHUIL[YHJLKIHJRHZMHYHZ -VSSV^PUN[OL>VYSK:\TTP[VU:\Z[HPUHISL+L]LSVWTLU[PU9PV 4VaHTIPX\LLZ[HISPZOLK[OL4PUPZ[Y`MVY[OL*VVYKPUH[PVUVM,U]PYVUTLU[(ɈHPYZ40*6(PU+LJLTILY 4VaHTIPX\LYH[PÄLK[OL[OYLL9PV*VU]LU[PVUZ¶[OL*VU]LU[PVUVU)PVKP]LYZP[`HUKVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU HUKVU+LZLY[PÄJH[PVUPU 10:PUJL [OL.V4OHZILLULTILKKPUNPZZ\LZVMenvironmental protection in the Five-year
.V]LYUTLU[7SHUZ78.PU[OL5H[PVUHS:[YH[LN`MVY7V]LY[`9LK\J[PVU7(97HZ^LSSHZPU[OL5H[PVUHS,JVUVTPJHUK:VJPHS7SHUZ7,:HUK+PZ[YPJ[,JVUVTPJHUK:VJPHS7SHUZ7,:6+
;OLJVUJLW[HUKMYHTL^VYRMVY5H[PVUHS(KHW[H[PVU7SHUVM(J[PVU5(7(Z^LYLNSVIHSS`KPZJ\ZZLKHUKHWWYV]LKI`[OL4HYYHRLZO4PUPZ[LYPHSKLJSHYH[PVUPU^OLYLJV\U[YPLZHNYLLK[VJYLH[LN\PKLSPULZfor the preparation of NAPAs and to establish
3LHZ[+L]LSVWLK*V\U[Y`3+*L_WLY[NYV\WZ[VOLSWKL]LSVW5(7(Z5(7(ZKL[LYTPUL[OLLSPNPIPSP[`[VHWWS`MVY[OL3+*M\UKTHUHNLKI`[OL.SVIHS,U]PYVUTLU[-HJPSP[`.,-;OLÄYZ[5(7([VYLHJO[OL<UP[LK5H[PVUZ-YHTL^VYR*VU]LU[PVUVU*SPTH[L*OHUNL<5-***ZLJYL[HYPH[^HZMYVT4H\YP[HUPH5V]LTILY0[^HZUV[MVYZL]LYHS`LHYZ\U[PS4VaHTIPX\LMVJ\ZLKTVYLJSLHYS`VUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHKHW[H[PVU+\LTHPUS`[VSPTP[LKL_WLY[PZL[VKL]LSVWP[Z5(7([OL*V\UJPSVM4PUPZ[LYZ^LYLVUS`HISL[VHWWYV]L[OLJV\U[Y`»Z5(7(VU+LJLTILY^P[O
[OL,UNSPZO]LYZPVUZ\ITP[[LK[V[OL<5-***ZLJYL[HYPH[PU1\S`
4HU`MHJ[VYZJVU[YPI\[LK[V4VaHTIPX\LKL]LSVWPUNP[Z5(7(;OLNSVIHSJVU[L_[VM[OL<5-***HUK4HYYHRLZO+LJSHYH[PVU^HZMH]V\YHISLMVY[OPZPUJS\KPUN[OLH]HPSHIPSP[`VMÄUHUJPHSHUK[LJOUPJHSZ\WWVY[MYVT<5-***HUK.,-0U[LYUHSS [OL5(7(^HZKL]LSVWLKTHPUS`HZHMYHTL^VYR[VHKHW[to the increased occurrence of disasters and
[VILLSPNPISLMVYNSVIHSJSPTH[LM\UKZ;OLÅVVKPUNVMHUK"[OLJ`JSVULZVMHUK[OLKYV\NO[VMHUKOH]LHSS[YPNNLYLK[OLULLKMVY[OLJV\U[Y`[VLUNHNLPU5(7(40*6(!5.6ZHUKJP]PSZVJPL[`VYNHUPaH[PVUZ^LYLHSZVW\ZOPUN[OLJV\U[Y`[VLUNHNLTVYLÄYTS`VU[OLPZZ\LVMJSPTH[LJOHUNL11
(JJVYKPUN[V=PSSHY[OL5(7(^HZ[OLÄYZ[WVSPJ`KVJ\TLU[ZWLJPÄJHSS`HKKYLZZPUNHKHW[H[PVUPU4VaHTIPX\L[OH[^HZWVSP[PJHSS`LUKVYZLKH[[OLSL]LSVM*V\UJPSVM4PUPZ[LYZ
The overall objective of the NAPA is to
Z[YLUN[OLU[OLUH[PVUHSJHWHJP[`[VJVWL^P[O[OLHK]LYZLPTWHJ[ZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLIt outlined interventions in four major areas
UHTLS`!PZ[YLUN[OLUPUN[OLLHYS`^HYUPUNZ`Z[LT"PPZ[YLUN[OLUPUN[OLJHWHJP[`VMWYVK\JLYZ[VJVWL^P[OJSPTH[LJOHUNL"PPPYLK\JPUNJSPTH[LJOHUNLPTWHJ[ZPUJVHZ[HSaVULZHUKP][OLTHUHNLTLU[VM^H[LYYLZV\YJLZ\UKLYJSPTH[LJOHUNL
4VYLYLJLU[S PU[OLNV]LYUTLU[HWWYV]LK[OL5H[PVUHS:[YH[LN`MVY(KHW[H[PVUHUK4P[PNH[PVU[V*SPTH[L*OHUNL,5(44*;OL,5(44*PZKL]LSVWLKHYV\UK[OYLL[OLTLZ!
H(KHW[H[PVUHUKJSPTH[LYPZRTHUHNLTLU[¶HKKYLZZPUNPU[LY]LU[PVUZHYV\UKZ[YH[LNPJZLJ[VYZUHTLS`+PZHZ[LY9PZR9LK\J[PVU">H[LY"(NYPJ\S[\YL-PZOLYPLZHUK-VVK:LJ\YP[`":VJPHSWYV[LJ[PVU"/LHS[O")PVKP]LYZP[`"-VYLZ[Y`HUK0UMYHZ[Y\J[\YLZ"
I4P[PNH[PVUHUKSV^JHYIVUKL]LSVWTLU[ HKKYLZZPUNPU[LY]LU[PVUZHYV\UKZ[YH[LNPJHYLHZUHTLS`,ULYN`"0UK\Z[Y`"3HUK<ZLHUK>HZ[L4HUHNLTLU["HUK
J*YVZZJ\[[PUNPZZ\LZ that include
PUZ[P[\[PVUHSHUKSLNHSYLMVYTMVYJSPTH[LJOHUNL"YLZLHYJOVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK[YHPUPUNHUK[LJOUVSVN`[YHUZMLY
0U[OLNV]LYUTLU[HSZVHWWYV]LK[OL4VaHTIPX\L.YLLU,JVUVT`(J[PVU7SHU^OPJOV\[SPULZPU[LY]LU[PVUZMVY4VaHTIPX\L[VLTIYHJLHNYLLULYLJVUVT 0UIL[^LLUV[OLYWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZYLSH[LK[V**+OH]LILLUHWWYV]LKI`[OLNV]LYUTLU[=PSSHYJVTWPSLKHSPZ[VM SLNHSHUKpolicy instruments relevant to CCD (directly
VYPUKPYLJ[S`YLSH[LK[VHKHW[H[PVUTP[PNH[PVUSV^JHYIVUKL]LSVWTLU[HUKYLZPSPLUJL[OH[^LYLHWWYV]LKPU[OLWLYPVKMYVT [V ;OPZYLZLHYJOZOV^Z[OH[V]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZ4VaHTIPX\LOHZWYVK\JLKWLY`LHYVUH]LYHNL[^VWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZYLSH[LK[V**+:PTPSHY[V[OLKL]LSVWTLU[VM[OL5(7(IV[OL_[LYUHSHUKPU[LYUHSKYP]LYZZ\JOHZNSVIHSWYV[VJVSZHUKM\UKZYLJ\YYLU[disasters and a push from donors and civil
ZVJPL[`VYNHUPaH[PVUZ[VHKKYLZZLU]PYVUTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLOH]LHSSJVU[YPI\[LK[V[OPZWVSPJ`JVU[L_[
-PN\YLILSV^WVY[YH`ZHUV]LY]PL^VM[OLRL`UH[PVUHSWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRYLSH[LK[V**+HWWYV]LKZPUJL
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24 25
-PN\YL!+LWPJ[PVUVMRL`WVSPJPLZYLSL]HU[MVY**+
3,::65:3,(95,+65POLICY DEVELOPMENT
-PN\YLWYV]PKLZHUV]LY]PL^VMRL`SLZZVUZlearned on policy development on CCD in
4VaHTIPX\L[OH[HYLKPZJ\ZZLKM\Y[OLYILSV
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[OHU[^PJL[OLPU[LYUH[PVUHSYLX\PYLTLU[MYVT[OLIPVKP]LYZP[`JVU]LU[PVUVMH[SLHZ[40*6((JJVYKPUN[VNV]LYUTLU[VɉJLYZPU[LY]PL^LK[OL7YLZPKLU[VM4VaHTIPX\L4Y(YTHUKV.\LI\aHOHZILLUHRL`ÄN\YLPU[OPZWYVJLZZ(SVUN^P[O[OLYLN\SH[VY`MYHTL^VYR[OL7YLZPKLU[OPTZLSMOHZILLUWYVTV[PUN[OLPUP[PH[P]L¸6ULZ[\KLU[VUL[YLLHUKVULSLHKLYVULMVYLZ[Y`¹(\THS\UV\THWSHU[HL\TSxKLY\THÅVYLZ[H)
ZPUJLPUVYKLY[VPUJYLHZLLU]PYVUTLU[HSH^HYLULZZHUKMVYLZ[LKHYLHZ+\L[V[OLZLLɈVY[ZVULU]PYVUTLU[WYV[LJ[PVUPU[OL4VaHTIPJHU7YLZPKLU[YLJLP]LK[OLº.PM[[V[OL,HY[O»H^HYKI`[OL>VYSK^PKL-\UKMVY5H[\YL>>-MVYOPZSLHKLYZOPWVULU]PYVUTLU[
7VSPJPLZHUKI\KNL[Z[VL_WHUKJSLHUHUKYLUL^HISLLULYN Z\JOHZMYVTO`KYVWV^LYV\[SPULKPU[OLLULYN`WVSPJ`HUKZ[YH[LN HYLHSZVJVU[YPI\[PUN[V[OLTP[PNH[PVUVMJSPTH[LJOHUNL6]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZ[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZL_WHUKLKO`KYVWV^LYLULYN`HJJLZZ[VULHYS`HSSKPZ[YPJ[Z/V^L]LYPU[OLZOVY[[VTLKP\T[LYTZPUJL[OLUL^WL[YVSL\TSH^HWWYV]LKI`[OLWHYSPHTLU[VU(\N\Z[ZH`ZVMNHZWYVK\JLKmust remain in the country to boost national
industry and there are plants in pipeline
[VJVU]LY[JVHSHUKNHZPU[VLSLJ[YPJP[ :VLSLJ[YPJP[`TH`ILJVTLSLZZNYLLUPU[OLULHYM\[\YLPU[OLH[[LTW[[VNYV^[OLLJVUVT`HUKL_WSVP[UH[\YHSYLZV\YJLZ/`KYVWV^LYLSLJ[YPJP[`WYVK\J[PVUOHZPUJYLHZLKI`
PU`LHYZMYVT[VQ\TWPUNMYVTHIV\[ .>O[V.>O^OPSLLSLJ[YPJP[`WYVK\J[PVUMYVTKPLZLSOHZYLK\JLKMYVT[OV\ZHUK4>O[VQ\Z[ 4>O4PUPZ[LYPVKL,ULYNPH!)`HIV\[VM[OLTPSSPVU4VaHTIPJHUZOHKHJJLZZ[VJSLHULULYN`TPSSPVUWLVWSLOH]LHJJLZZ[VO`KYVWV^LYHUKHUHKKP[PVUHSTPSSPVUto solar panels0U-LIY\HY`WYP]H[LO`KYVWV^LYJVTWHUPLZ^LYLNP]LU[OLNVHOLHK[VJVUZ[Y\J[[^VO`KYVLSLJ[YPJWSHU[ZHSVUN[OLAHTILaP9P]LY[OH[^PSSWYVK\JLTLNH^H[[ZVMLSLJ[YPJP[`H[H[PTL;OLHWWYV]HSVM[OL5H[PVUHS.YLLU,JVUVT`:[YH[LN`HUKYLZWLJ[P]L(J[PVU7SHU^OPJOZ\WWVY[Z[OLSPURIL[^LLUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKUH[\YHSYLZV\YJLZTH`W\ZO[OLJV\U[Y`[VTV]LMVY^HYK[VHULU]PYVUTLU[HSS`MYPLUKS`LJVUVT YLPUMVYJPUN[OLSVUN[LYTWVSP[PJHSJVTTP[TLU[MVY**+
9LZWVUKLU[ZMYVT[OLNV]LYUTLU[ZLJ[VYOH]LOPNOSPNO[LK[OLZLKL]LSVWTLU[ZHZL]PKLUJLVMWVSP[PJHSJVTTP[TLU[HUKHSVUN[LYT]PZPVUI`[OLNV]LYUTLU[HUKOH]LYLMLYYLK[V[OPZHZJY\JPHSMVY**+/V^L]LYPU[OL]HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVWWHY[PJPWHU[ZMYVTJP]PSZVJPL[`^LYLZJLW[PJHSHIV\[UL^KL]LSVWTLU[ZVUJVHSHUKVU[PTILYSVNNPUN;OLJV\U[Y`PZL_WLJ[PUN[VZ[HY[I\YUPUNJVHS[VWYVK\JLLSLJ[YPJP[`HUK[PTILYSVNNPUNOHZPUJYLHZLKZ[LHKPS`VU^OH[ZVTLOH]LJHSSLKº*OPULZL[HRLH^H`»4HJRLUaPL(ZVULWHY[PJPWHU[MYVT[OLJP]PSZVJPL[`W\[P[!
“We need to be clear that all LɈVY[ZZVMHYTH`ILT\S[PWSPLKI`aLYVPM^LHYLUV[HISL[VJVU[YVS[PTILYSVNNPUNHUKKVnot know what to do with the JVHS¹
3LZZVU
.SVIHSHNLUKHZHUKM\UKPUNHYLOPNOS`YLSL]HU[MVYW\ZOPUNthe national CCD agenda4VaHTIPX\L»ZJVTTP[TLU[[VLU]PYVUTLU[HSPZZ\LZYLÅLJ[Z[VHSHYNLL_[LU[P[ZJVTTP[TLU[Z[VNSVIHSHNLUKHZ4VaHTIPX\LYH[PÄLK[OL[OYLL9PVJVU]LU[PVUZHUKTHU`V[OLYZ\IZLX\LU[NSVIHS[YLH[PLZ)`YH[PM`PUN[OLJV\U[Y`PZVISPNLK[VW\YZ\LHUKYLWVY[NSVIHSS`VUP[Z**+TLHZ\YLZ-VY[OPZ[OLcountry has also been entitled access to
NSVIHSM\UKZJYLH[LKMVYJV\U[YPLZ[VW\YZ\L[OLHNLUKH9LZWVUKLU[ZOH]LKPZJ\ZZLK[OH[ILJH\ZLVMNSVIHSHNLUKHZNV]LYUTLU[can claim international funds and international
KVUVYZJHUKLTHUKUH[PVUHSHJ[PVU
“Signing international treaties is PTWVY[HU[MVY\Z4VaHTIPX\LILJVTLZLSPNPISL[VM\UKZHUK^LKVUVYZJHUHS^H`Z\ZL[OPZ[VQ\Z[PM`[VV\YJVUZ[P[\LU[ZPUOVTLJV\U[YPLZ^O`^LHYLM\UKPUN[OPZJV\U[Y ¹0U[LY]PL^^P[OHKVUVYYLWYLZLU[H[P]L
;OPZPZLZWLJPHSS`UV[PJLHISL[OYV\NO[OLLZ[HISPZOTLU[VM[OL7YVNYHTTL(PK7HY[ULYZOPW7(7¶HQVPU[JVTTP[TLU[I`KVUVYZHUKUH[PVUHSNV]LYUTLU[[VW\YZ\LºNVVK»KL]LSVWTLU[PU[LY]LU[PVUZHJYVZZT\S[PWSLZLJ[VYZ)LJH\ZLVM4VaHTIPX\L»Zdependence on the international community
HZMYVTUV^HIV\[VM[OLNV]LYUTLU[I\KNL[JVTLZMYVTL_[LYUHSKVUVYZinternational funds are still very relevant
to frame and implement the national
KL]LSVWTLU[HNLUKH
12 Group discussion at the INGC130U[LY]PL^ZH[40*6( 0U[LY]PL^TPUPZ[Y`VMLULYN`[VTLKPH5V]LTILY
O[[W!^^ ]LU[\YLZHMYPJHJVTTVaHTIPX\LVRZJVUZ[Y\J[PVUVM[^VT^JHWHJP[`O`KYVWV^LYWSHU[Z (accessed
[O-LIY\HY`
1. CCD
requires long-
term vision
and political
commitment
2. Global
agendas and
funding are
extremely
relevant for
pushing
national CCD
agendas
3. Active
national
citizenship is
relevant for the
national CCD
agenda
4. Disasters
can catalyze
national and
global CCD
political
commitments
5. Policies
are not per
se enough for
countries to
pursue CCD
6. Limited
harmonization
RIGLσHUHQWpolicy
frameworks
limits CCD
agenda
7. Limited
knowledge
of CCD
policies in the
countryside
limits CCD
agenda
LESSONS LEARNED ON POLICY DEVELOPMENT
26 27
3LZZVU
(J[P]LUH[PVUHSJP[PaLUZOPWPZrelevant for global agendas on **+[VIL[\YULKPU[VUH[PVUHSWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZ0U[LY]PL^LLZWVPU[LKV\[[OH[P[PZUV[LUV\NO[OH[[OLJV\U[Y`ZPNUZNSVIHS[YLH[PLZHUKHJJLZZLZNSVIHSM\UKZ(Z[YVUNUH[PVUHSJP]PSsociety is important for these to be turned into
WVSPJPLZHUKUH[PVUHSZ[YH[LNPLZ-VYL_HTWSLin order that small scale farmers and poor
households remain entitled to their land and
MVYLZ[Y HUH[PVUHSJHTWHPNUCampanha Terra^HZSH\UJOLKPU ^OPJOSLK[V[OLHWWYV]HSVMUH[PVUHSSHUKHUKMVYLZ[Y`SH^Zin 1997 that protect poor farmers and their
LU]PYVUTLU[¶NSVIHSS`YLJVNUPZLKHZVULVM[OLILZ[SHUKSH^ZPU[OL^VYSK0[HSZVOLSWLKPU[OLZL[[SPUNVM[OL5H[PVUHS*V\UJPSMVY:\Z[HPUHISL+L]LSVWTLU[*65+,:H[40*6(
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28 29
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SECTION 4
Institutional Arrangements,
Coordination and Leadership
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30 31
05;96+<*;065AND SUMMARY OF INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP
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,U]PYVUTLU[HSTHUHNLTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLVYJSPTH[LYPZRTHUHNLTLU[HYLJYVZZJ\[[PUNPZZ\LZ"[OL`HYLHSSLTIYHJPUN0UJVUZLX\LUJL[OL`HYLYLSL]HU[[VTHU`PUZ[P[\[PVUZ0U4VaHTIPX\L[OL4PUPZ[Y`MVY[OL*VVYKPUH[PVUVM,U]PYVUTLU[HS(ɈHPYZ40*6(PZ[OLJVVYKPUH[PUNPUZ[P[\[PVUVMLU]PYVUTLU[HɈHPYZHUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ40*6(^HZLZ[HISPZOLKI`[OLNV]LYUTLU[PU HZ[OLHWL_PUZ[P[\[PVUresponsible for environmental and climate
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5.6YLWYLZLU[H[P]LZ^OVZLTHUKH[LPZ[V[LJOUPJHSS`HK]PZL[OL*65+,:(KKP[PVUHSS PU[OLNV]LYUTLU[LZ[HISPZOLK[OL5H[PVUHS,U]PYVUTLU[-\UK-<5()\UKLY[OLYLZWVUZPIPSP[`VM40*6(^OVZLTHUKH[LPZ[VV]LYZLLM\UKPUNVMLU]PYVUTLU[HSHUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU[LY]LU[PVUZ
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32 33
3,::65:3,(95,+ON INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP
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LESSONS LEARNED ON INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP
7. CSO
still weakly
organized
and under-
represented
in the CCD
debate
8. Private
sector needs
clarity on
EHQHðWVRIengaging CCD
9. Building and
empowering
institutions
takes time
and long-term
commitment
10. De-
centralization
is necessary
for an
HσHFWLYH&&'
11. Database
and reporting
systems are
necessary for
HσHFWLYH&&'
1. Weak inter-
institutional
coordination
2. Intra-
and inter-
institutional
competition
usurping of
mandates and
duplication of
HσRUWV
3. Limited
resources for
implementation
and monitoring
4. Fast policy
development,
limited time
IRUUHñHFWLRQand alliance
building
6WDσturnover
hampers the
implementation
of CCD
6. Proliferation
of unmonitored
indicators
12. Need to clarify
and inform others
of the roles and
responsibilities
RIGLσHUHQWgovernment
entities directly
linked to climate
change issues
34 35
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And someone from the UN system provided
[OLMVSSV^PUNL_HTWSLVMK\WSPJH[PVU!
“We are working with two KPɈLYLU[TPUPZ[YPLZ6UJL^Lwent to visit a district and see [OLPU[LY]LU[PVUZ,HJOVM[OL[^VTPUPZ[YPLZOHK[V[HRLP[ZV^UZ[HɈJHYZL[J[VNV[V[OLZHTLKPZ[YPJ[HUKZLLinterventions very close to each V[OLY0MV\UK[OPZ\UULJLZZHY`K\WSPJH[PVU¹
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0U[OL]HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVWZVTLVULMYVTHJP]PSZVJPL[`VYNHUPaH[PVUX\LZ[PVULK^OVPZKLTHUKPUNHSS[OLZLWVSPJ`MYHTLZHUK^O`[OLJV\U[Y`JHUUV[Q\Z[[HRLHIYLHRHUKYLÅLJ[IHJRVU[OLPYLɈLJ[P]LULZZ4HU`OH]LHNYLLK[OH[PZIL[[LY[VOH]LHML^NVVKWVSPJPLZPUPTWSLTLU[H[PVU[OHUHKVaLU^OPJOHYLUV[PTWSLTLU[LKVY^OLUPTWSLTLU[LKHYLUV[TVUP[VYLKHUKL]HS\H[LK(KPZJSHPTLYPZPUKLLKULLKLKOLYL
+VUVYZPU[LY]PL^LKOH]LWVPU[LKV\[[OH[PUTHU`JHZLZHS[OV\NOYLZV\YJLZHYLHIV[[SLULJR[OLJHWHJP[`^P[OPUNV]LYUTLU[PUZ[P[\[PVUZ[V\[PSPaLM\UKZHUKHKLX\H[LS`YLWVY[[VKVUVYZPZHSZVHRL`PZZ\L0UZVTLJPYJ\TZ[HUJLZNV]LYUTLU[OHZILLUWYV]PKLKM\UKZI\[^HZUV[HISL[VZWLUKP[HSSVYOHKZWLU[I\[[OLH\KP[Z^LYLUV[WYVWLYS`ZL[[SLK)\YLH\JYHJ`HUKSVUNJVTTHUKSPULZHYLHSZV[VISHTLMVY[OPZ(ZW\[I`H<5+7VɉJLY!
¸>L^HU[LK[VW\[YLZV\YJLZJSVZLY[VSVJHSSL]LSZ>L^LU[to district level and jointly, ^P[OSVJHSSL]LSH\[OVYP[PLZ^LWYVK\JLKHUHJ[PVUWSHU[OH[^LQVPU[S`[OV\NO[^HZYLHK`[VPTWSLTLU[;OLU^L^LYL[VSK[OH[K\L[V[OLI\KNL[ILPUNJVUZPKLYLKOPNOHUHNYLLTLU[^P[OJLU[YHSSL]LSPZYLX\PYLKHUKZVTLVULMYVT[OLJLU[YHSVYWYV]PUJPHSSL]LSULLK[VILPU]VS]LKPUIHURHɈHPYZ:VK\L[V[OPZI\YLH\JYHJ`^LLUKLKI`SVZPUNWHY[VM[OLÄUHUJLZ¹
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(SSHYLPU[LYYLSH[LKHUKULJLZZHY I\[THU`PU[LY]PL^LLZOH]LZ\NNLZ[LK[OH[[OL`OH]LKPɉJ\S[PLZPUKLHSPUN^P[O[OPZYHWPKS`NYV^PUNIVK`VMZ[YH[LNPLZHUK[VÄUKHUKMVYNL[OLULJLZZHY`M\UKPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[H[PVUHSSPHUJLZ
The outcome in most of the cases is that
WLVWSLLUK\WILPUN]LY`ZLSLJ[P]LVU^OH[[OL`^HU[[VLUNHNLPUHUKZOLS]LV[OLYRL`KVJ\TLU[Z
(WHY[PJPWHU[PU[OL]HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVWWVPU[LKV\[[OLMVSSV^PUNYLNHYKPUN[OL,5(44*!
¸;OPZOHZ[^VZPKLZ!ÄYZ[[OLWYVJLZZ^HZ]LY`YHWPKHUK^LKPKUV[OH]LLUV\NO[PTL[VKPNLZ[HUKWHY[PJPWH[LPUWVSPJ`WYVK\J[PVU(UKMVSSV^PUN[OLW\ISPJH[PVU[OLYLPZUV[T\JOOHWWLUPUNIL`VUK[OLKVJ\TLU[WYVK\J[PVU6U[OLV[OLYP[PZHSZVYLSH[LKWHY[S`VUOV^[OLVYNHUPaH[PVUZ[OLTZLS]LZOH]L[PTLHUKJVTTP[TLU[[VILPUHUK\UKLYZ[HUK**>LULLKVUone hand that MICOA broaden [OLWSH[MVYTMVYKPZJ\ZZPVUand on the other civil society VYNHUPaH[PVUULLKZTVYLJHWHJP[`I\PSKPUNVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL;OLSLZZVUSLHYULKMYVT[OPZÄYZ[WHY[VM[OLPZZ\LPZ[OH[MVSSV^PUNHWVSPJ`MVYT\SH[PVULN,5(44*HUKP[ZPTWSLTLU[H[PVUHWHY[PJPWH[VY`[PTLJVUZ\TPUNL_LYJPZLPZYLX\PYLK¹
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status and transportation either by
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any coherent platform for the civil society
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Private sector needs clarity VU[OLILULÄ[ZVMWSH`PUNHUactive role in CCDThe private sector is crucial in the climate
JOHUNLHNLUKH;OLPYPU[LY]LU[PVUJHUOLSWVYhinder adaptation measures and importantly
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;OVZL^OVH[[LTW[LK[VHWWS`MVY[OL*SLHU+L]LSVWTLU[4LJOHUPZTZ*+4OH]LZLLUtheir proposals rejected either nationally or
38 39
at the international levels and furthermore
[OLYLX\PYLTLU[Z[VHJJLZZ[OLJSPTH[LM\UKZare beyond the capacities and means of
TVZ[SVJHSWYP]H[LZLJ[VYVYNHUPZH[PVUZ;OLprivate sector has been invited to participate
PU[OLUH[PVUHSKPHSVN\L[OYV\NO[YHPUPUNZHUK^VYRZOVWZHUKOHZHZLH[VU[OL-<5()*65+,:HUKH[[OL.004*IVHYKI\[[OLPYparticipation in these forums has been
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The representative of the private sector
claimed that there is a need for a much more
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Currently there are misconceptions such
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;OLZL[[SPUNVM<UPKHKLWHYHHZ4\KHUsHZ*SPTm[PJHZ*SPTH[L*OHUNL<UP[¶<4*and Centro de Gestão de Conhecimento em
4\KHUsHZ*SPTm[PJHZ*LU[YLMVY2UV^SLKNL4HUHNLTLU[VU*SPTH[L*OHUNL¶*.*4*HYLL_WLJ[LK[VV]LYJVTL[OPZ(ZTLU[PVULKLHYSPLY<4*PZJOHYNLK^P[OJVVYKPUH[PVU^OPSL*.*4*PZL_WLJ[LK[VNH[OLYHUKTHUHNLJSPTH[LPUMVYTH[PVUHUKHJ[VYZHJYVZZ[OLJV\U[Y
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5LLK[VJSHYPM`HUKPUMVYTothers of the roles and YLZWVUZPIPSP[PLZVMKPɈLYLU[NV]LYUTLU[LU[P[PLZKPYLJ[S`SPURLK[VJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ(U\TILYVMNV]LYUTLU[HSPUZ[P[\[PVUZWSH`YVSLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL(ZWYL]PV\ZS`L_WSHPULK40*6(PZ[OLSLHKPUNPUZ[P[\[PVUI\[[OLYLHYLHSZV[OL05.*[OL47+[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM-PUHUJL[OL*VUZLSOV5HJPVUHSWHYH+LZLU]VS]PTLU[V:\Z[LU[m]LS5H[PVUHS*V\UJPSMVY:\Z[HPUHISL+L]LSVWTLU[¶*65+,:[OL<4*[OL-\UKV5H[PVUHS(TIPLU[L5H[PVUHS,U]PYVUTLU[-\UK¶-<5()[OL.Y\WV0U[LY0UZ[P[\JPVUHSWHYH4\KHUsHZ*SPTm[PJHZ0U[LY0UZ[P[\[PVUHS.YV\WVU*SPTH[L*OHUNL¶.004*[OL*.*4*[OLConselho Tecnico de Gestão de Calamidades
;LJOUPJHS*V\UJPSMVY*HSHTH[PLZ¶*;.*HUK[OL*VVYKPUH[PUN*V\UJPSMVY+PZHZ[LY4HUHNLTLU[**.*Q\Z[[VYLMLY[VZVTL(S[OV\NOZVTLYVSLZHYLJSLHY[OLYLPZHSZVHSV[VMV]LYSHWIL[^LLU[OLT-VYPUZ[HUJLPUTHU`JHZLZWLVWSLH[[LUKPUN[OL.004*HYLHSZVWHY[VM[OL*;.*HUK*65+,:HUKWSH`HZPTPSHYYVSLHZ[OL**.*-<5()HUK[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM-PUHUJLIV[O^VYRVUÄUHUJLHUKULLK[VJSHYPM`[OLPYYVSLZHUKJVVYKPUH[PVUTLJOHUPZTZ"ZPTPSHYS`47+HUK<4*[OH[V]LYZLLWYVQLJ[ZHUKWYVNYHTZVUKL]LSVWTLU[HUKVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHSZVneed to connect better to avoid duplication
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41
SECTION 5
Planning and Budgeting
Mechanisms
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42 43
05;96+<*;065(5+SUMMARY ON PLANNING AND BUDGETING MECHANISMS
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47+OHZILLUZ[YLUN[OLUPUNP[ZJHWHJP[`[VLTILKJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU[V[OLWSHUUPUNWYVJLZZ6]LY[OLWHZ[Ä]L`LHYZHUK[OYV\NOHU\TILYVMWYVNYHTZZ\JOHZ[OL(MYPJHU(KHW[H[PVU7YVNYHTTL((7[OL(MYPJHU*SPTH[L*OHUNL9LZPSPLUJL(**9(WYVNYHTTLHUK;YHJRPUN(KHW[H[PVUHUK4LHZ\YPUN+L]LSVWTLU[;(4+HU\TILYVM47+Z[HɈH[UH[PVUHSWYV]PUJPHSHUKKPZ[YPJ[SL]LSZ^LYL[YHPULKVUOV^[VPUJS\KLJSPTH[LJOHUNLPUWSHUUPUN
(WHY[MYVT[OL[YHPUPUNWYVNYHTTLZTLU[PVULKH[[OLJLU[YHS47+PU4HW\[V[OLYLPZHMVJHSWVPU[VUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ^OVWYV]PKLZHK]PJLVU[OLPZZ\L^OLUL]LYZVSPJP[LKVYPUWHY[ULYZOPW^P[O40*6([VVYNHUPaL[YHPUPUNZMVYV[OLYPUZ[P[\[PVUZ
+LZWP[L[OLZLHJOPL]LTLU[ZTHU`ZLJ[VYZZ[PSSSHJRJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNL[VHSSV^MVYWYVWLYI\KNL[PUN)\PSKPUNJVKLZ\UKLYJSPTH[LJOHUNLHYLJ\YYLU[S`UV[H]HPSHISLHUKYVHKZOV\ZLZHUKTHU`V[OLYW\ISPJPUMYHZ[Y\J[\YLHYLILPUNI\PS[\ZPUN[OL¸I\ZPULZZHZ\Z\HS¹HWWYVHJO;OPZPZHZOVY[[LYTHUKYPZR`L_LYJPZL^OPJOJVZ[ZHZPNUPÄJHU[HTV\U[VMTVUL`L]LY``LHYHUKJV\SKSLHK[VTV\U[PUNSVUNLY[LYTJVZ[Z
LESSONS LEARNED ON PLANNING AND BUDGETING
1. Planning for
CCD requires
climate change
knowledge
'LσHUHQWperceptions
on climate
change limits
planning and
budgeting for
CCD
3. Government
is far ahead
on planning
and budgeting
CCD that CSO
and private
sector
4. De-
centralization
with budget
SD\VRσ
5. Planning for
CCD requires
DGLσHUHQWmindset
'HðQLQJpriority
interventions
for CCD is
contentious
-PN\YL!:\TTHY`SLZZVUZSLHYULKVUWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUN
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*\YYLU[S`JSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNLPZSPTP[LKPUTHU`KLWHY[TLU[ZHUK[OLVULZOH]PUN[OPZ]PL^[LUK[VILKV^UWSH`LK(ZVULPU[LY]PL^LLWVPU[LKV\[!
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3LZZVU
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JOHUNL"PU[LY]LU[PVUZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHYLTVYLHKOVJPUTHU`JHZLZKYP]LUI`M\UKPUNVWWVY[\UP[PLZMYVTKVUVYZ"[OPZPZHSZVVIZLY]LK^P[O[OLWYP]H[LZLJ[VY(SS[OPZYLÅLJ[Z[OLSPTP[LKWHY[PJPWH[PVUVM[OLZLHJ[VYZVU[OLJSPTH[LJOHUNLKLIH[LHZKPZJ\ZZLKPU[OLWYL]PV\ZZLJ[PVUZ(S[OV\NOHWWYVWYPH[LSLHKLYZOPWMYVTUH[PVUHSNV]LYUTLU[PZWVZP[P]LHSHJRVMJP]PSZVJPL[`WHY[PJPWH[PVUPUKLJPZPVUTHRPUNPZJV\U[LYWYVK\J[P]LMVY[OLKLIH[LKLZPNUPTWSLTLU[H[PVUHUKNVVKTVUP[VYPUNVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU[LY]LU[PVUZ
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RUV^UHZ-\UKMVY3VJHS+L]LSVWTLU[-++Individuals apply for the loans in competitive
HUU\HSYV\UKZHUKHYLL_WLJ[LK[VYLPTI\YZL[OLYVSSPUNM\UKH[HZ\IZPKPZLKPU[LYLZ[YH[L,]LYZPUJLKPZ[YPJ[ZOH]L^P[ULZZLKHUPUJYLHZLKL_WHUZPVUVMHNYPJ\S[\YHSWYVK\J[PVUHUKJVTTLYJPHSHJ[P]P[ +LZWP[LJYP[PJZHYV\UKLSPNPIPSP[`JYP[LYPHHUKSPTP[LKYLPTI\YZLTLU[HSSPU[LY]PL^LKOH]LWYHPZLK[OLKLJLU[YHSPaH[PVUWYVJLZZ4HU`OH]LZ\NNLZ[LK[OH[[OPZOHZ
helped many households to reduce their
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7SHUUPUNMVYJSPTH[LJOHUNLYLX\PYLZHKPɈLYLU[TPUKZL[6ULVM[OLRL`JVUJLYUZV]LY^O`4VaHTIPX\L»ZLJVUVTPJKL]LSVWTLU[OHZILLUZ`Z[LTH[PJHSS`HɈLJ[LKI`KPZHZ[LYZKLZWP[L[OLL]VS]PUNRUV^SLKNLVU+99HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLHKHW[H[PVUPZ[OLTPUKZL[VMWVSPJ`THRLYZ6ULL_HTWSLVM[OPZJV\SKIL[OLJHZLVM[OLWYL]HPSPUNTPUKZL[YLSH[PUN[V^OH[PZI\KNL[LKMVY
+\L[VM\UKPUNJVUZ[YHPU[Z[OLI\KNL[PUNZ`Z[LTZ[PSSHZWPYLZ[V¸I\ZPULZZHZ\Z\HS¹¶ZVMVYPUZ[HUJLPUZ[LHKVMI\PSKPUNML^LYI\[Z[YVUNLYZJOVVSZ[VYLZPZ[J`JSVULZHUKZ[YVUN^PUKZVYÅVVKPUN[OLHZWPYH[PVUPZZ[PSS[VOH]LTVYLZJOVVSZH[SV^LYWYPJLHUKX\HSP[ >P[OZ\JOHI\KNL[PUNZ`Z[LTKL]LSVWLK^P[OSPTP[LKJVUZPKLYH[PVUZVMM\[\YLJSPTH[L[YLUKZWLVWSLHUKPUZ[P[\[PVUZJHUOHYKS`JOHUNL[OLPY\Z\HSWYHJ[PJLZHUK[O\Z[OLKHTHNLZYLTHPUHUKT\S[PWS 0U[LY]PL^LLZOH]LZ[YLZZLK[OH[[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZ[VZOPM[MYVT[OLHWWYVHJOVMKVPUNHSV[^P[OSP[[SLTLHUPUNH[[LTW[PUN[VI\PSKHSV[VMPUMYHZ[Y\J[\YLH[SV^JVZ[[OH[PZ^PWLKH^H`LHZPS`[VHUHWWYVHJOVMKVPUNSP[[SL^P[OHSV[BTLHUPUNKVPUNSLZZI\[YVI\Z[JVZ[S`PUMYHZ[Y\J[\YLDZV[OH[^LJHUOH]LYLZPSPLU[PUMYHZ[Y\J[\YL/V^L]LY[OPZPZLHZPLYZHPK[OHUKVUL
As pointed out by a representative from
[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM,K\JH[PVUH[[OL]HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVW^OLU[OV\ZHUKZVMJOPSKYLUHYLZ[\K`PUN\UKLYH[YLL[OLYLPZWYLZZ\YL[VI\PSKTVYLZJOVVSZPUZ[LHKVMIL[[LYVULZTherefore there is an issue of both mind set
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¸:VTL[PTLZKPZ[YPJ[VYWYV]PUJPHSSL]LSZJHUWSHUHJ[P]P[PLZ^P[OUVYLHSPTWHJ[VU[OLUH[PVUHSHNLUKHWhile the central level can advise SV^LYSL]LSZUV[[VPUJS\KL[OLYLPZUVJVU[YVSZ`Z[LT[VJOLJR^OL[OLYZ\JOHJ[P]P[PLZOH]LILLUYLHSS`L_JS\KLKHUKLP[OLY[OLdistricts have not added other VULZ0UHKKP[PVUP[PZUV[PJLK[OH[[OLSL]LSVMHJJLZZ[VM\UKZI`HWYV]PUJLVYKPZ[YPJ[KLWLUKZPUZVTLJHZLZVUSVIIPLZ[OH[LHJOKPYLJ[VYH[LPZHISL[VTHRL>Lhave seen key directorates with ]LY`SPTP[LKM\UKZ^OPSLV[OLYZOHKL_[YHVYKPUHY`PUJYLHZLZ<UKLYZ\JOJPYJ\TZ[HUJLZWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[PZL_[YLTLS`KPɉJ\S[HUKL]LUOHYKLY^P[OSPTP[LK4 ,Z`Z[LT¹
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47
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;OLWSHUUPUNZ`Z[LTULLKZ[VZOPM[MYVTHYLHJ[P]LHWWYVHJO[VPU]LZ[PUNTVYLPUHJSPTH[LYLZPSPLU[M\[\YLZ\JOHZ^P[OYLZWLJ[[VPUMYHZ[Y\J[\YLPU]LZ[TLU[Z
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SECTION 6
Funding Mechanisms
0THNL!*0-F77*9F4VaHTIPX\LFI`CIF Action is licensed under **)@
48 49
05;96+<*;065(5+SUMMARY ON FUNDING MECHANISMS
;OPZZLJ[PVUWYV]PKLZHUV]LY]PL^VM[OLM\UKPUNTLJOHUPZTMVY**+(UHS`ZPZHUKSLZZVUZSLHYULKV]LY[OLZLHZWLJ[Z^PSSILWYLZLU[LKPUZLJ[PVUHUKJHUILZLLUILSV^PU-PN\YL
/PZ[VYPJHSS 4VaHTIPX\L»ZKL]LSVWTLU[OHZILLUKLWLUKLU[VUPU[LYUH[PVUHSHPK([WYLZLU[HIV\[VM[OLNV]LYUTLU[I\KNL[JVTLZMYVTKVUVYZ\WWVY[^OPSL[OLsurvival of most of the NGOs and the CSOs
depend entirely on the international donor
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6]LYHSS**+PZM\UKLK[OYV\NOKVTLZ[PJHUKL_[LYUHSZV\YJLZ[OLSH[[LYOVSKPUN[OLIPNNLZ[ZOHYL+VTLZ[PJHSS [OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZILLUM\UKPUN**+PU[LY]LU[PVUZ[OYV\NO[OL6YsHTLU[V.LYHSKV,Z[HKV5H[PVUHS)\KNL[¶6.,0UVYKLY[VPTWSLTLU[PU[LY]LU[PVUZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLTP[PNH[PVUHUKHKHW[H[PVUfunds are allocated to the most relevant
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**+;OLSHJRVMJSHYP[`PZILJH\ZL[OLYLHYLKPɈLYLU[YV\[LZ[OH[L_[LYUHSM\UKZHYLJOHUULSSLKPU[V4VaHTIPX\LVUS`ZVTLVM^OPJOJHUILM\SS`PUJVYWVYH[LKPU[VWSHUUPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[H[PVUZ`Z[LTZ!P[OYV\NO6.,H[[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM-PUHUJL"PP[OYV\NOºIYVRLY»PUZ[P[\[PVUZZ\JOHZ<5+7VY>VYSK)HUR"PPPKPYLJ[S`[VHUPTWSLTLU[PUNHNLUJ`Z\JOHZHTPUPZ[Y`VYHUPU[LYUH[PVUHSVYUH[PVUHS5.6At this point and in order to set a coherent
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3,::65:3,(95,+65FUNDING MECHANISMS
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)\[-<5()»ZJHWHJP[`PZUV[SPTP[LK[VHKHW[H[PVUM\UKZ0[OHZ[OLSLNHSTHUKH[L[Vlead overall funds on environment and climate
JOHUNL;OLZLJHUIL[OL(KHW[H[PVU-\UKGreen Climate Fund or any other that may
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¸>LHYLH[[OL[\YUPUNWVPU[Either we change to lead in [OPZWYVJLZZVY^LTH`ILSLM[V\[>LKLJPKLK[OH[^LULLK[VJOHUNL[VSLHK[OLWYVJLZZ/LUJLRL`Z[LWZHUKYHKPJHSchanges have been taking WSHJL-PYZ[^LKLJPKLK^Lneed a direction and now we HYLÄUPZOPUNV\YZ[YH[LNPJWSHU^OPJOZL[Z[OLKPYLJ[PVU:LJVUK^LKLJPKLKMVYPUJS\ZP]LULZZHUKV\YIVHYKUV^PUJS\KLZUL^Z[HRLOVSKLYZZ\JOHZWYP]H[LZLJ[VYHUKZVVU^PSSPUJS\KLHJHKLTPHHUK*:6;OPYKPUVYKLY[VHJJLZZJSPTH[LM\UKZ[OLYL^HZHJHWHJP[`HZZLZZTLU[[V-<5()^OPJOV\[SPULKV\YZ[YLUN[OZHUKTHPU^LHRWVPU[ZHUK*+25HUK274.OH]LOLSWLK\Z[VV]LYJVTL[OLZL^LHRWVPU[Z;OLZL^LYLTHPUS`HYV\UKHKTPUPZ[YH[PVUUVYTZHUKY\SLZ
1. FUNAB still
limited but fast
growing
2. Donor’s
shifting
agendas
DσHFWV&&'
3. Funds not
a problem but
capacity to
mobilize and
manage
'LσHUHQWcapacity to
mobilize and
manage funds
across actors
and sectors
5. Reaching
the poor is
still a big
challenge
6. Weak
M&E system
on CCD
interventions
7. Weak
database on
IXQGLQJñRZ
LESSONS LEARNED ON FUNDING MECHANISMS
50 51
>LOH]LUV^ZL[[SLKH9LZ\S[)HZLK:`Z[LT^LOH]LHTVUP[VYPUNHUKL]HS\H[PVUZ`Z[LTHUK^LHYLÄUHSPZPUN[OLYLZV\YJLTVIPSPaH[PVUZ[YH[LN >LOH]LHSZVYLJY\P[LKHKKP[PVUHSZ[HɈTLTILYZ[VOLSWPTWYV]PUNÄUHUJPHSTHUHNLTLU[HUK^LHYLZ[PSSKPZJ\ZZPUNM\Y[OLYTLHZ\YLZWe want stakeholders to believe PU-<5()HUK^LKVU»[^HU[[VSVVRSPRLI\[^L^HU[[VIL¹
)\[[OL*,6OHZHSZVUV[LK!
¸¯[OLYLZ[Y\J[\YPUNWYVJLZZ^HZUV[TLHU[MVY[OLHJJYLKP[H[PVUMVY[OL(-I\[PTWVY[HU[S`MVYV\YZLS]LZZV[OH[MYVTUV^VU^LJHUI\PSK[Y\Z[HUKJYLKPIPSP[ >OLU`V\HYLJYLKPISLHSSWLVWSL^PSSQVPU`V\¹
3LZZVU
+VUVYZ»ZOPM[PUNHNLUKHZHɈLJ[**+PU[LY]LU[PVUZPU4VaHTIPX\L0U[OLWYL]PV\ZZLJ[PVUP[^HZZ[H[LK[OH[NV]LYUTLU[HZ^LSSHZ5.6I\KNL[ZKLWLUK[VHSHYNLL_[LU[VUKVUVYZ
:VTLPU[LY]PL^LKZ\JOHZH[<5(*HUK**4OH]LZ[YLZZLK[OH[ZVTLKVUVYZOHKMHJLKKPɉJ\S[PLZPUJVTWS`PUN^P[O[OLPYWYVTPZLZV]LY[OLWHZ[Ä]L`LHYZLP[OLYILJH\ZL[OL`^P[OKYL^M\UKPUNK\L[V[OLNSVIHSÄUHUJPHSJYPZPZVYILJH\ZL[OL`ZOPM[LK[OLPYHNLUKH0U[OLHUU\HSTLL[PUNZ^P[O[OL
UH[PVUHS)\KNL[:\WWVY[KVUVYZRUV^UHZ.[OL.V]LYUTLU[OHZYLWLH[LKS`Z[YLZZLK[OLPTWHJ[VM[OPZPZZ\L[VKVUVYZ;OPZHɈLJ[ZWSHUUPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[H[PVUHZL_LTWSPÄLKI`[OLX\V[H[PVUMYVTHZ[HɈTLTILYMYVTVUL5.6!
“We had three years ago HSP]LSPOVVKWYVQLJ[^OPJOPUJS\KLKMVYLZ[THUHNLTLU[HUKHNYPJ\S[\YL0[^HZMVY`LHYZ;OLUH[[OLLUKVM[OLÄYZ[`LHY^L^LYL[VSK[OH[[OLWYVQLJ[^V\SKILYLK\JLK[V`LHYZK\L[VÄUHUJPHSJYPZPZThen after the second year we ^LYL[VSK[OH[WHY[VM[OLI\KNL[^V\SKILJOHUULSSLKMVYNVVKNV]LYUHUJLHUKNLUKLYLX\P[`ZV[OLSP]LSPOVVKI\KNL[^HZJ\[HUKZVTLVMT`JVSSLHN\LZ^LYLKPZTPZZLKL]LUILMVYL[OL[O`LHY¹
(UV[OLYOHZHKKLK!
¸6ULJYP[PJHSPZZ\LVUM\UKPUNPZ[OH[^LKLWLUKVUKVUVY»ZPU[LYLZ[;OL`KLÄUL[OLSPULZand we have to dance their T\ZPJ:VPMP[PZUV[HWYPVYP[`MVYKVUVYZ[OLU^LKVU»[OH]LM\UKPUNHUKOH]L[VTV]L[VUL^[OLTLZ;OLYLZ\S[PZ^OH[OHWWLULKPU+\L[VÄUHUJPHSJYPZPZSV[ZVMJP]PSZVJPL[`VYNHUPaH[PVUZJYHTISLKILJH\ZLM\UKZILJHTL]LY`SPTP[LK¹
3LZZVU
-\UKZPU[OLTZLS]LZHYLUV[[OLTHPUWYVISLTI\[YH[OLY[OL[LJOUPJHSL_WLY[PZL[VTVIPSPaLHUKTHUHNLNSVIHSM\UKZ+LZWP[LHKPZJV\YZLVUSHJRVMM\UKZMVYPTWSLTLU[H[PVUVMWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLWLVWSL[OH[H[[LUKLK[OL=HSPKH[PVU>VYRZOVWPU4HW\[V4HYJOhave noted that the problem is not the non-
L_PZ[LUJLVYJOHUNPUNUH[\YLVMPU[LYUH[PVUHSfunds but rather the national technical
JHWHJP[`[VHJJLZZ[OLT;OPZPZILJH\ZLfunds are provided under competitive bids
and for such endeavours institutions need
WLVWSL[V^YP[LNVVKWYVWVZHSZPU,UNSPZO^OPJOPZ[OLTHPUJOHSSLUNL40*6(OHZWYV]PKLKHSPZ[VMTVYL[OHUM\UKPUNZV\YJLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKTHU`Z[HɈat national level have been trained on project
^YP[PUNI\[^OLUP[JVTLZ[V^YP[PUNHNVVKSLNPISLWYVWVZHSPU,UNSPZOPUZ[P[\[PVUZHYLISVJRLK4VZ[VM[OLWYVQLJ[ZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU4VaHTIPX\LHYLKL]LSVWLKI`JVU[YHJ[LK,UNSPZOZWLHRPUNJVUZ\S[HU[ZVYI`[OL<5,UNSPZOZWLHRPUNZ[HɈ[OYV\NOP[ZKPɈLYLU[\UP[Z;OPZPZOPNOSPNO[LKI`[OL5(7((S[OV\NO[OL5(7(^HZHWWYV]LKPU2007 and climate funds for NAPAs have been
[OLYLL]LYZPUJLVUS`VUL5(7(WYVQLJ[OHZILLUZLJ\YLK^OPJO^HZHJ[\HSS`^YP[[LUI`HUPU[LYUH[PVUHSJVUZ\S[HU[(Z[HɈTLTILYMYVT<5+7OHZWVPU[LK[OPZV\[PU[OLMVSSV^PUN[LYTZ!
¸0MVULSVVRZIHJR4VaHTIPX\LYLJLP]LKSV[VMM\UKZHM[LY[OLÅVVKPUN^OLUSV[ZVMPU[LYUH[PVUHSZ[HɈ^LYLZ[PSSHYV\UKI\[[OLU0[OPUR^L^LYLUV[HISL[VZ\Z[HPU[OH[HTV\U[VMM\UKZ6U[OLV[OLY^LOH]LOHKNVVKWYVNYLZZVU+99V]LY
[OLWHZ[`LHYZHUK^LULLK[VTHRLZ\YL[OH[^L^PSSILHISL[VZ\Z[HPU[OLZLWYVNYLZZLZHUK[OPZ^PSSYLX\PYLM\UKZV]LY[PTL0[OPUR^LOH]LWLVWSLHISL[VKV[OPUNZPU4VaHTIPX\LL]LU[V^YP[LNVVKWYVWVZHSZ7LVWSLOH]LSPTP[H[PVUZ[VL_WYLZZ[OLTZLS]LZPU,UNSPZOI\[[OLYLHYLNVVKHUK^LSSX\HSPÄLKWLVWSLHYV\UKPU4VaHTIPX\L¹
:VTLVULPU[LY]PL^LKMYVT[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZHSZVWVPU[LKV\[!
¸0[OPUR[LJOUPJHSJHWHJP[`PZZ[PSS[OLTHPUOHUKPJHW)\[0[OPURHM[LY[OLHWWYV]HSVM[OLUH[PVUHSJSPTH[LJOHUNLZ[YH[LN`[OLUH[PVUHSJHWHJP[`^PSSNYV^ILJH\ZLP[MVYJLZKPɈLYLU[PUZ[P[\[PVUZ[V[OPURHUKHJ[VUJSPTH[LJOHUNL¹
3LZZVU
;OLYLHYLKPɈLYLU[JHWHIPSP[PLZ[VTVIPSPZLHUKTHUHNLJSPTH[LM\UKZHJYVZZHJ[VYZand sectors*SPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNLPZJVUJLU[YH[LKH[HOPNOLYUH[PVUHSSL]LSHUKPZHSTVZ[UVUL_PZ[LU[H[[OLSVJHSSL]LS¶MYVT^OLYLWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNVM**+Z[HY[Z;OPZKPZ[VY[PVUPTWSPLZ[OH[[OLKPɉJ\S[PLZ[Vmobilise funds for CCD are more pronounced
H[[OLSVJHSSL]LS(WHY[MYVT[OPZIV[[VT\WPULX\HSP[`[OLYLPZPU[YHHUKPU[LYPUZ[P[\[PVUHSKPɈLYLU[PH[PVUVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNLHUKM\UKTVIPSPaH[PVU>P[OPU[OLNV]LYUTLU[40*6(47+HUK05.*HWWLHYZJHWHISLPU
52 53
TVIPSPaPUNM\UKZ^OPSLTHU`V[OLYZLZWLJPHSS`those that are service provides such as
OLHS[OLK\JH[PVUZWVY[ZHUKZVVUHYLMHYILOPUK)L[^LLUPUZ[P[\[PVUZP[HSZVJHUbe claimed that UN units and international
5.6ZHYLIL[[LYWSHJLK[OHUSVJHSVULZHUK[OLZLIL[[LYWSHJLK[OHU[OL*)6Z;OLRL`SLZZVUPZ[OH[^LJHUUV[W\[L]LY`PUZ[P[\[PVUPU[OLZHTLIV_ILJH\ZL[OLYLHYLZVTHU`KPɈLYLU[PH[PVUZ-VYPUZ[HUJLPU[LY]PL^LLZMYVT[OL4PUPZ[LYPVKV;\YPZTV;V\YPZT4PUPZ[Y`¶40;<9OH]LZOV^U[OLKPɉJ\S[`[OL`HYLMHJPUN[V\UKLYZ[HUK[OLSPURZIL[^LLUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK[V\YPZT!
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-PN\YL!7YVK\J[P]P[`PUJLYLHSZHUKW\SZLZPU4VaHTIPX\L
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;OL5H[PVUHS:[YH[LN`VUJSPTH[LJOHUNL[HYNL[LKHZ[OL`LHY[VZL[[SLHU4 ,system that includes issues around climate
JOHUNL;OLKH`^VYRZOVWVYNHUPaLKI`(**9([OH[ZVTLVM[OL.V]LYUTLU[HUK(JHKLTPJH\[OVYZVM[OPZYLWVY[H[[LUKLKMVJ\ZZLKVU[OLKL]LSVWTLU[VMHU4 ,Z`Z[LT(**9(OHZVYNHUPaLKHTLL[PUN[VKPZJ\ZZRL`PUKPJH[VYZ[VILPUJS\KLKPU[OL4 ,Z`Z[LTVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK[OL;YHJRPUN(KHW[H[PVUHUK4LHZ\YPUN+L]LSVWTLU[;(4+PUP[PH[P]LI`00,+PZHSZVMLLKPUN[OLJ\YYLU[KYHM[VM[OL4 ,Z`Z[LT^OPJOPZILPUN\UKLY[HRLUI`HJVUZ\S[HU[OPYLK[OYV\NO[OL>VYSK)HUR77*9WYVNYHTTL0[PZL_WLJ[LK[OH[[OL4 ,Z`Z[LT^PSSILHWWYV]LKPU[OLULHYM\[\YLHUKILWPSV[LKV]LY[OLUL_[`LHYZ<U[PS[OLULHJOPUZ[P[\[PVU^PSSJVU[PU\L[OLKVTPUHU[WYHJ[PJLVMPTWSLTLU[PUNJSPTH[LYLSH[LKPU[LY]LU[PVUZVUHKHW[H[PVUHUKTP[PNH[PVUHWWS`PUNP[ZV^U4 ,Z`Z[LT^P[OV\[HYLMLYLUJLMYHTL^VYRMLLKPUNPU[VHUH[PVUHSKH[HIHZL
;OLPU[LU[PVUVMHU4 ,Z`Z[LTVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZ[VOH]LHZL[VMRL`PUKPJH[VYZ[OH[^V\SKWYV]PKLL]PKLUJL[OH[HKHW[H[PVUHUKTP[PNH[PVUPU[LY]LU[PVUZHYLOLSWPUNRLLWKL]LSVWTLU[VU[YHJR,HJOKPɈLYLU[WYVNYHT^V\SKWYV]PKLPUMVYTH[PVUVM[OLPYPUKPJH[VYZHUKKH[H[V[OL<4*^OPJO^PSSTHUHNL[OLUH[PVUHS4 ,Z`Z[LTVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL;OPZ^PSSILLP[OLYSVJHSPaLKVYNSVIHSPaLKHUHS`ZPZVM[OLPTWHJ[ZVMHKHW[H[PVUHUKTP[PNH[PVUPU[LY]LU[PVUZVU**+
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UH[PVUHSKH[HIHZL^OPJOJHUILPU[LYYVNH[LK[VZOV^HUKHUHS`ZL[V[HSÄUHUJPHSÅV^ZYLSH[PUN[V**+3`PUNILOPUK[OPZPZZ\LPZ[OH[[OLYLPZUV[`L[HIPUKPUNYLN\SH[VY`MYHTL^VYR[OH[VISPNLZVYNHUPaH[PVUZ^VYRPUNVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL[VZOHYL[OLPYIHZPJPUMVYTH[PVU^P[O-<5()VY40*6(;OLUL^S`LZ[HISPZOLKZ[Y\J[\YLZHUK[OLZ[YLUN[OLUPUNVM[OL-<5()HYLZ\WWVZLK[VOLSWPUJYLH[PUNHJVOLYLU[M\UKPUNKH[HIHZL/V^L]LY[VKH[L[OLYLPZSP[[SLPUMVYTH[PVUZOHYPUNHUKML^HJ[VYZHYLKP]\SNPUNOV^T\JOM\UKPUN[OL`OH]LOV^HUK^OLYLNLVNYHWOPJHSS`TVUL`PZILPUN\ZLKHUK^OH[SLZZVUZHYLLTLYNPUN3VJHSNV]LYUTLU[HSZVOHZHSPTP[LKZH`VU^OH[HUKOV^5.6ZHUKV[OLYZHJ[VYZHYLVWLYH[PUNWHY[S`ILJH\ZL[OL`HYLPU[LYLZ[LKin implementation to improve local conditions
YH[OLY[OHUQVPUPUN[OLKV[Z[VLUZ\YL[OH[JLU[YHSNV]LYUTLU[OHZPUMVYTH[PVU[OH[PZUV[THUKH[VY 0UV[OLY^VYKZ[VHSHYNLL_[LU[ULP[OLY40*6(UVY-<5()RUV^[OL[V[HSJSPTH[LM\UKZPU4VaHTIPX\LHUK[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM-PUHUJLPZUV[HISL[V[YHJRL]LY`ZPUNSLKVSSHYLU[LYPUN[OLJV\U[Y (ZWVPU[LKV\[I`[OL274.Z[HɈPU[LY]PL^LK!
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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Cereal Yield National 7\SZLZ@PLSK5H[PVUHS
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+VUVYZ»JVTTP[TLU[ZVUJSPTH[LM\UKZULLK[VILZ[HISLZLJ\YLHUK[YHUZWHYLU[ZV[OH[ZOVY[HUKSVUN[LYTPU[LY]LU[PVUZ[VHKKYLZZSVUN[LYTPTWHJ[ZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKSVUN[LYTH[[LTW[ZVMYLK\JPUN./.HYLUV[\UKLYTPULK
.V]LYUTLU[ULLKZ[VJVU[PU\LRLLWPUNP[ZJVTTP[TLU[ZVUM\UKPUN**+;OLNV]LYUTLU[HSZVULLKZ[VMVZ[LYHULU]PYVUTLU[PU^OPJOWYP]H[LZLJ[VYHUKV[OLYZ[HRLOVSKLYZZLL[OH[LUNHNPUNPU**+PZ^VY[O^OPSL
,]LY`WYVQLJ[VUJSPTH[LJOHUNLZOV\SKWYLMLYHIS`OH]LHUPUKPJH[VYHZ[VOV^P[YLHJOLZ[OLTVZ[]\SULYHISLPU[OLWVW\SH[PVU;OPZPZHUPTWVY[HU[PUKPJH[VYILJH\ZL[OL]\SULYHISLHYL[OLTVZ[HɈLJ[LKI`[OLPTWHJ[ZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNL
SECTION 7
Knowledge-Based Planning on CCD
56 57
05;96+<*;065AND SUMMARY ON THE KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR CCD
;OPZZLJ[PVUWYV]PKLZHUV]LY]PL^VM[OLRUV^SLKNLIHZLMVY**+PU4VaHTIPX\LAnalysis and lessons learned over these
HZWLJ[Z^PSSILWYLZLU[LKPUZLJ[PVUHUKJHUILZLLUILSV^PU-PN\YL
4VaHTIPX\LOHZHSVUNOPZ[VY`VMJSPTH[LYLSH[LKKPZHZ[LYZPUJS\KPUNÅVVKZKYV\NO[ZJ`JSVULZHUKJSPTH[LPUK\JLKWSHN\LZ3VJHSWLVWSLHUKUH[PVUHSYLZLHYJOLYZhave produced a comprehensive body of
RUV^SLKNLVUOV^WLVWSLHKKYLZZJSPTH[Lissues and this tacit (or documented) and
VYHSVYUV[KVJ\TLU[LKRUV^SLKNLOHZILLU\ZLKV]LY[PTL[VMYHTLWVSPJPLZHUKPU[LY]LU[PVUZ;OLTLZZHNLMYVTJSPTH[LZJPLUJLPZ[OH[[OLZLVSKTHUPMLZ[H[PVUZ^PSS[LUK[VPUJYLHZLPUMYLX\LUJ`HUKPU[LUZP[ HɈLJ[PUNVSKHUKUL^HYLHZHUK^LJV\SKL_WLJ[UL^THUPMLZ[H[PVUZ[VHYPZL:[\KPLZMYVT[OL05.* "HUK>VYSK)HUROH]LZOLKSPNO[VUM\[\YLJSPTH[Lconditions and outlined intervention areas
MVYHKHW[H[PVUHUKTP[PNH[PVU;OPZSLK[V[OL
KLZPNUHUKHWWYV]HSVM[OL,5(44*PU3PRL[OLZL[OLYLHYLTHU`V[OLYKPZWLYZLKW\ISPJH[PVUZMYVTKPɈLYLU[YLZLHYJO[OLTH[PJHYLHZHUKHJ[VYZYHUNPUNMYVTHJHKLTPH5.6ZHUK[OLWYP]H[LZLJ[VY[V\JOPUN\WVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ
/LUJLPU4VaHTIPX\L[OLYLPZUV[HZPUNSLmoment and study that could be declared
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+\L[V[OLKPZWLYZLKUH[\YLVMRUV^SLKNLVUJSPTH[LHUKLU]PYVUTLU[[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZdecided to establish the national Center for the
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-PN\YL!:\TTHY`SLZZVUZSLHYULKVURUV^SLKNLIHZLKWSHUUPUN
2,@3,::65:LEARNED ON KNOWLEDGE
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LESSONS LEARNED ON KNOWLEDGE FOR CCD PLANNING
1. Climate
change
expertise is
on the rise
6FLHQWLðFclimate change
knowledge
QRWVXτFLHQWO\DQGHσHFWLYHO\disseminated
3. Limited
appreciation
and
documentation
of local
knowledge
4. Limited
lessons
learned on
CCD
5. Challenges
in translating
climate change
knowledge
into really
practical
interventions
6. Key climate
change
knowledge
needs to be
in Portuguese
and local
languages
58
¸;OLYLPZT\JO^LJHUSLHYUMYVTP[I\[^LPNUVYL>OLUHÅVVKZ[YPRLZTVZ[VM[OLWLVWSLHYLZH]LKI`SVJHSTLHUZHUKRUV^SLKNLUV[[OLZJPLU[PÄJ^LJSHPT[V^HU[[V[LHJO[OLT0UHULX\HSWVZP[PVUSL[ZLL^OH[PZWVZP[P]LMYVT[OLTHUK^OH[^LJHUZOHYLMYVT^OH[^LRUV^¹A participant at the validation
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SLHYULK6YNHUPaH[PVUZKVWYVK\JLX\HY[LYS annual and other reports but these are not
TLHU[MVYHUL_[LYUHSHUKW\ISPJH\KPLUJLKey lessons (either positive or failures) are
OHYKS`KVJ\TLU[LKHUKZOHYLK^P[OH^PKLYH\KPLUJL4HU`OH]LHK]VJH[LK[OH[L]LY`ZPUNSLWYVQLJ[ZOV\SKW\[KVJ\TLU[H[PVUVMlessons learned as one of its pivotal activities
HUKZOV\SKOH]LHWYVQLJ[PUKPJH[VYVU[OPZ
3LZZVU
;YHUZSH[PVUVMZJPLU[PÄJJSPTH[LRUV^SLKNL[VYLHSWYHJ[PJHSPU[LY]LU[PVUMHJLZKV\ISLchallenges*SPTH[LHKHW[H[PVUPU[LY]LU[PVUZ[HRLWSHJLH[SVJHSSL]LSZ^OLYLPUKLLK[OLZJPLU[PÄJ\UKLYZ[HUKPUNVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ[PSSSPTP[LK/LUJLTVZ[VM[OLZ[HɈPU]VS]LKPUY\UUPUNclimate interventions at the rural local level
OH]L[VJVTLTHPUS`MYVTLSZL^OLYLTHPUS`PU\YIHUHYLHZWVZPUNHKKP[PVUHSJOHSSLUNLZUV[KPYLJ[S`YLSH[LK[VJSPTH[LJOHUNLWLYZLZ\JO
HZRUV^PUNHUK\UKLYZ[HUKPUNSVJHSUVYTZ]HS\LZHUKHWWYLJPH[PUNSVJHSRUV^SLKNLVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL;OPZSLHKZPU[\YU[VHSLZZ[OHUVW[PT\TYHWWVY[IL[^LLUSVJHSWLVWSLHUKL_[LYUHSYLZLHYJOLYZHUKPU[LY]LU[PVUZ[HɈ(ZTLU[PVULKI`VUL5.6Z[HɈPU[LY]PL^LK!
¸;OLTHPUJOHSSLUNLPZUV[[VWYV]PKL[OLRUV^SLKNLHUKY\U[OLJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU[LY]LU[PVURather, the challenge is to set HWYVWLYSLHYUPUNLU]PYVUTLU[^OLYLWLVWSLJHUHWWYLJPH[L[OLWYVQLJ[HUKV^UP[¹
An assessment on a climate project by FAO in
[OLZLTPHYPK*OPJ\HSHJ\HSHKPZ[YPJ[PUZV\[O4VaHTIPX\LOPNOSPNO[LK[OPZ]LY`JSLHYS ;OLYLWVY[HYN\LZ[OH[[OLWYVQLJ[SHJRLK[PTLMVYSLHYUPUN[OLSVJHSJVU[L_[HUKMVY[OLI\`PUVMRL`SVJHSHJ[VYZ-(6;OLRL`SLZZVULTLYNPUNMYVT[OPZPZ[OH[JSPTH[LJOHUNLPU[LY]LU[PVUZMHJLKV\ISLJOHSSLUNLZ¶SPTP[LKZRPSSLKWLVWSLH[SVJHSSL]LSHUK[PTLWYLZZ\YLMVYX\PJRYLZ\S[Z[VYLK\JLSVJHS]\SULYHIPSP[PLZPUHMHZ[NYV^PUNJSPTH[LYPZRLU]PYVUTLU[
3LZZVU
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2L`YLJVTTLUKH[PVUZVURUV^SLKNLMVY**+6]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNLOHZL_WHUKLKZ[LHKPS`PU4VaHTIPX\LI\[P[PZZ[PSSUV[HJJLZZPISL[VTHU`WLVWSLILJH\ZL[OLMVYTH[HUK[OLSHUN\HNLPZZ[PSS[LJOUPJHS/LUJL[OLYLPZHULLKMVYHJSLHYJVTT\UPJH[PVUZ[YH[LN`VUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[
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4\JOPZH]HPSHISLVU[OLZJPLUJLVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLI\[[OLYLPZ]LY`SPTP[LKPUMVYTH[PVUVUOV^[OPZRUV^SLKNLJV\SKILHWWSPLKPUZWLJPÄJZLJ[VYZHUKYLNPVUZ/LUJL[OLYLPZHULLK[VTV]LMYVTHIYVHKZJPLU[PÄJ\UKLYZ[HUKPUNVMJSPTH[LJOHUNL[VHUHJ[PVUVYPLU[LKZLJ[VYHSJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNL[OH[JHUOLSWZVJPL[PLZWYVÄ[MYVTP[VYHKHW[
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60 61
SECTION 8
Conclusions and Key Recommendations
*65*3<:065:;OPZYLWVY[OHZSVVRLKH[4VaHTIPX\L»ZL_WLYPLUJLZPUWSHUUPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[PUNJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[**+-VY[OPZLUKLH]V\Y[OLYLWVY[\ZLKHMYHTL^VYR^OPJOHKKYLZZLZ[OLWSHUUPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[H[PVUVM**+HZKLWLUKPUNVUTHPUJVTWVULU[Z-PYZ[PUVYKLYMVYHJV\U[Y`[VW\YZ\L**+P[ULLKZ[VZL[P[ZYLN\SH[VY`MYHTL^VYR^OPJOPUJS\KLZWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZMVY**+"ZLJVUK[OLJV\U[Y`T\Z[JYLH[LHUHKLX\H[LPUZ[P[\[PVUHSSHUKZJHWL[OH[JHUPTWSLTLU[[OLWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYR"[OPYKS P[ULLKZWSHUUPUNHUKM\UKPUNTLJOHUPZTZ^OPJOHYLHSPNULK[V**+-PUHSS`HSS[OLZLKPTLUZPVUZLZWLJPHSS`[OL[OPYKVUWSHUUPUNULLK[VILRUV^SLKNLIHZLK;OYV\NOV\[[OL]HYPV\ZZLJ[PVUZ[OLYLWVY[SVVRLKH[[OLZLKPTLUZPVUZHUKIHZLKVU[OH[[OLMVSSV^PUNRL`JVUJS\ZPVUZHYLKYH^U!
4VaHTIPX\LOHZTHKLYLTHYRHISLZ[YPKLZPUWVSPJ`KL]LSVWTLU[MVY**+:PUJL[OLLUKVM[OLJP]PS^HYPU 4VaHTIPX\LOHZX\PJRS`TV]LK[VZPNUNSVIHS[YLH[PLZZ\JOas the three Rio conventions and nationally
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6]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZ[OLJV\U[Y`OHZL_WHUKLKP[ZJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNL]LY`X\PJRS`I`YLSLHZPUNHU\TILYVMZ[\KPLZYHUNPUNMYVTWYVQLJ[PVUZVM[OLM\[\YLJSPTH[L\W[VI\[HSZVI`WYVK\JPUNRL`HKHW[H[PVUHUKTP[PNH[PVUYLJVTTLUKH[PVUZ;OPZRUV^SLKNL^HZ]LY`PUÅ\LU[PHSPUKLÄUPUN[OLUH[PVUHSZ[YH[LN`MVYJSPTH[LJOHUNLHKHW[H[PVUHUKTP[PNH[PVUYLSLHZLKPUHZ^LSSHZPU[OLKLZPNUVM[OLNYLLULJVUVT`HUKVM[OLKPZHZ[LYSH^
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SECTION 9
References
64 65
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SECTION 10
PeopleInterviewed
66 67
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MORE INFORMATION
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