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Delivering Climate Compatible Development - Sam Bickersteth,CDKN
GWP Consulting Partners Meeting. Stockholm August 2012
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 2
Climate compatible
development:
Development that minimises the
harm caused by climate impacts,
while maximising the many
human development
opportunities presented by a low
emissions, more resilient, future
Climate Compatible Development
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 3
http://www.climateactiontracker.org/
What’s the problem and why is it difficult to solve?
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 5
IPCC SREX: implications for water sector
• A changing climate leads to changes in frequency, intensity, spatial extent
and duration of weather and climate events
• Extreme events such as floods and droughts will have a direct impact on
water resources now and in the future
•Frequency of heavy rainfall events likely to increase 4 fold and extreme hot
days 10 fold by end of century.
• Populations exposed to water-related hazards – e.g. flooding, coastal
inundation – are already significant and likely to increase
• Changes in the climate could seriously affect water management systems,
such as water storage and treatment plants, and supply systems
• Climate change adaptation and DRM likely to require transformational
changes in processes and institutions
• This will involve taking a more holistic approach – e.g. integrating water
management with urban planning and design, and into policies on land use
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 7
Extreme events – global exposure to floods; av. physical exposure in 1000 capita/year
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 8
Storage deficit or harnessed hydrology
Country Reservoir storage (m3/cap)
Ethiopia 38
India 262
South Africa 687
China 2486
North America 5961
Grey and Sadoff, 2006
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 9
How to structure a responce
Changes in the
quality of life
for people most
challenged by
the effects of
climate change
Changes in the
ability of decision
makers to leverage
and channel CCD
resources
strategically
Changes in
quality relevance
and usability of
CCD evidence
base
Changes in co-
ordination,
collaboration and
mobilisation amongst
key CCD
stakeholders
Changes in the
understanding and
commitment of
decision makers
around CCD issues
Changes in institutions and institutional
capacity to respond to CCD needs and
demands
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 10
Integrating adaptation and DRM approaches for a changing climate
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 11
What is needed to deliver CCD?National International
Incentive and
Regulatory
Framework
• Climate Change Act
• Independent Climate Change Commission
• Low carbon transmission plan or roadmap
• National cap and trade
• Carbon tax
• Portfolio regulation of energy companies
• Targeted tax incentives for private sector R&D
• Regulate emissions from vehicles
• Regulate other emissions
• Strengthen forest law to reduce deforestation
• Strengthen planning laws on housing design and location
• Decoupling utility profits from gross sales
• New post-Kyoto international targets
• International cap and trade
• International carbon tax
• International standards for fuel efficiency
and emissions
• Extend emissions targets to aviation and
shipping
• Regulate trade (e.g. in forest products)
• New international treaties on water
sharing
Public
Expenditure
• Increase R&D budget
• AMCs for renewable technologies
• Subsidise retro-fitting of buildings
• Subsidise new technologies (e.g. CCS)
• Subsidise renewables at domestic level
• Provide subsidies to offset fuel poverty
• Extend social protection for vulnerable groups
• Invest in strengthening critical infrastructure
• Invest in new infrastructure
• Subsidise insurance mechanisms
• Cut traditional fuel subsidies
• Improved extension and entrepreneurial education
• Education and consumer benchmarking
• Fund N-S technology transfer
• Fund S-S cooperation
• Extend scope of CDM
• Regional risk facilities
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 12
Opportunities
• Re-double efforts to extend and
sustain water & sanitation
services
• Invest in multipurpose storage
and conveyance – the hydraulic
platform
• Invest in water resources
assessment and management –
the information and institutional
platform
Water and CCD
Threats
• The 1st line of defence against
climate variability and change, but
investment still lags
• Green hydropower and irrigation,
but for whom, and at what cost?
• Start now, or repeat the mistakes
of HICs and MICs
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 13
• CDKN is supporting a cross government effort to coordinate and deliver a National Climate
Change Action Plan. The plan is broken down into 8 components.
• The Action Plan is gaining traction with enhanced visibility at a national level, with the
National Social and Economic Research Council recognising its importance.
• The process has fostered closer working between the Ministry of Environment and the
Ministry of Planning.
Kenya’s Climate Change Action Plan
(1) Long term vision and direction of low carbon and climate-resilient growth pathway
(2) Regulatory and policy framework
(3) Adaptation planning and actions (4) Mitigation planning and actions
(5) Technology
transfer, research &
development
(7) Capacity
building & knowledge
management
(6)
Performance & benefit
measurements
(8) Finance
En
ab
lers
(9) C
oo
rdin
ati
on
of A
cti
on
Pla
n d
elive
ry a
s a
wh
ole
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 14
Rwanda: Fonerwa
Funds will be distributed to Government, private sector, civil society and communities to implement a range of projects.
Building on the newly adopted Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy,
CDKN has supported the Government of Rwanda to develop a national climate
change and environment fund.
The purpose of the fund is to:
• ensure sustainable financing is accessible to
support environmental sustainability,
resilience to climate change and green
growth.
• be the primary mechanism through which
Rwanda accesses, programmes, disburses
and monitors international and national extra-
budgetary climate and environment finance.
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 15
The project aims to provide:
• estimates of the impacts and economic costs and
benefits of climate change for the agricultural and
water sectors followed by,
• a ranking of climate compatible development policy
options in these sectors, according to their
economic efficiency, to help the Government to
strategically consider options for climate
compatible development pathways.
Economic impact assessment of climate change in Nepal
CDKN is working with the government of Nepal to address one of the key objectives of
their National Climate Change Policy: assessment of losses and benefits from climate
change in various geographical areas and development sectors by 2013.
http://cdkn.org/project/economic-impact-assessment-of-climate-change-in-nepal/
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 16
Carbon and water footprinting in Andean cities
CDKN are in the process of planning a project aimed at reducing the vulnerability to
climate change of urban and peri-urban areas of three Andean capital cities (La Paz, Lima
and Quito).
Key objectives of the project will be to
• Promote local government action on climate
change mitigation and adaptation through the
assessment of the carbon footprint and water
footprint of local government operations.
• Develop participative methodologies
appropriate to local conditions and assess the
carbon footprint and water footprint of the
cities of La Paz, Quito and Lima.
These assessments will form part of an action
plan for adaptation and mitigation.
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 17
Developing ToolsFramework for Water Security and Climate Resilient Development
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 18
Integrating Tools Water and Climate Development Programme
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 19
CCD: what have we learnt?
• Leaders putting CCD at the top of their agenda
• Building resilience and response to disasters is an entry point.
• Development benefits of “Low emissions” growth key to narrative
• Integrating CCD into existing multi-stakeholder national
development and poverty reduction planning processes critical
• Donor coordination and sharing of learning to address
knowledge gaps and build country ownership
• Countries prioritising allocation of finance to fund implementation
of CCD strategies
• National CCD action is occurring without global agreement – but
a global deal and Green Climate Fund will accelerate and scale
action
Climate and Development Knowledge Network | www.cdkn.org 20
This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the
benefit of developing countries. However, the views expressed and information contained in it are not necessarily those
of or endorsed by DFID, which can accept no responsibility for such views or information or for any reliance placed on
them. This publication has been prepared for general guidance on matters of interest only, and does not constitute
professional advice. You should not act upon the information contained in this publication without obtaining specific
professional advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is given as to the accuracy or completeness of
the information contained in this publication, and, to the extent permitted by law, the Climate and Development
Knowledge Network’s members, the UK Department for International Development (‘DFID’), their advisors and the
authors and distributors of this publication do not accept or assume any liability, responsibility or duty of care for any
consequences of you or anyone else acting, or refraining to act, in reliance on the information contained in this
publication or for any decision based on it.
Copyright © 2010, Climate and Development Knowledge Network. All rights reserved.
www.cdkn.org