Forest science in support to climate change decision making

in Mozambique

Almeida Sitoe, Benard Guedes, and Sá Lisboa

Department of Forestry

Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

Presentation to the side event: “FORESTS FOR THE CLIMATE: how science is helping forests”, part of the Bonn Climate Change Conference – 17-27 June 2019

Forest context

• Forest cover: 34 million ha (47% of the country surface)

• Mainly Miombo forests (dry forests)

• Annual deforestation rate: 0.79% (2003-2016)

The Forest Science

• Teaching and Training• Introduced Forests and

Climate Change to our curricula

• Training practitioners (planning, biophysical, and social aspects of forests and climate change)

• Trained Community members and Civil Society Organizations

• Research

• Forest Dynamics

• Land Use Land Cover Change

• Species Diversity

• Ecosystem Services

• Human Dimension

• Drivers of Deforestation and forest Degradation

• Forests and Poverty Reduction

• University Extension• Public information

• Participatory planning

• Community consultation

• Technical Assistance (government, industry, communities)

Ecological, Economic, and Social Aspects of Forest Change

How much carbon can be stored in a forest?

4

A. Different forests store diferente quantitiesB. Different forest cover levels store diferente quantities

A

B

Land Cover Change in Gondola District 1994-2008

Land Cover Change Matrix 1994-2008

Emissions Reduction Potential

59%

2%

26%

12%1% 0%

All Sectors

Agriculture and forests Energy generation Renewable energy

Energy consumption Industrial Processes Transport

Agriculture and forests(Avoided deforestation, reforestation/aforestation, restoration)

Energy consumption(Improved stoves and biomass energy substitution)

36%

63%

1%

REDD+ Emissions Reduction

Avoideddeforestation

Planted forests

Restored Areas

42.8 MtCO2 per year 73.0 MtCO2 per year8

Major Drivers of Deforestation

9

Slash-and-Burn

Agriculture62%

Urban Expansion and Infrastructure

12%

Logging9%

Woodfuel7%

Commercial Agriculture

5%

Livestock3%

Mining2%

Forests, Livelihoods and Capacities

10

Forest

Land

Agriculture

Urbanexpansion

Unsustainable

Logging

Wood fuel

Energy

Livestock

Mining

RED

D+

What options are there?

?

Conserve or Convert?

?

How to reduce CO2 emissions?

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Floresta Densa Floresta Aberta Outras formaçõeslenhosas

Agricultura

Sto

ck d

e C

arb

on

o t

C/h

a

Carbono das árvores Carbono do Solo

Agroforestry as an option to reduce emissions and increase profitability (LEDS)

ENERGYTIMBER MEDICINAL PLANTS

ECOTOURISM

BUILDING MATERIALHONEY

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

FOOD AND BEVERAGES

Ecosystem Services

15

Training and Participatory Research

How this information is used to feed forestpolicies?

• National REDD+ Strategy

• NDC

• Low Emissions Development Strategy• Agroforestry Systems

• Conservation Agriculture

• Urban planning including urban parks and green áreas

• Sustainable management of natural forests

• Value addition in forest products

• Industrial and Community tree plantations

• Alternative sources of energy

• Training Programs

Additional issues

•Combine low emissions with high profitability•Adoption agricultural technologies•Use of sustainable energy sources•Landscape and its governance•The social and financial cost of reducing emissions

Key REDD+ policy events until 2012

201020092008

Mapa de roteiro para a

preparação do REDD:

RPP, Estratégia Nacional

Abril, Estratégia nacional do

REDD+ priorizada sobre o R-PP

Agosto

JICA inicia o projecto sobre MRV

Estratégia Nacional do REDD+ discutida no

Conselho de Desenvlvimento Sustentavel

(CONDES)

Proposta da Estratégia Nacional do

REDD+ submetida ao MICOA pelo

Grupo Nacional do REDD

Reunião nos Pequenos Libombos para

avaliar o nível de preparação de

Moçambique para o REDD – É

constituído o Grupo Nacional do REDD

7-8 Dezember

COP 15 em Copenhaga1-12 Dezembro

COP14 em Poznan

R-PIN preparado e

submetido

(MICOA) Ministério do Ambiente

toma a decisão de engajar no

processo REDD

3-14 Dezembro

COP13 em Bali29 Novembro – 10 Dezembro

COP 16 em Cancun

Delegação do MICOA e MINAG

visitam FAS no Amazonas. FAS

oferece apoio técnico ao processo de

preparação do REDD em Moçambique

Noruega providencia apoio

financeiro para o suporte da

colaboração Sul-Sul sobre o REDD

em Moçambique

Encontro entre a Ministra do MICOA

e o representante da FAS durante a

COP 14. FAS convida MICOA a

visitar a experiência do Amazonas

2007

Consultas regionais do REDD+ em

Maputo, Beira e Nampula

2011

Consultas nas

áreas piloto

Cursos de

capacitação

Início de preparação

do R-PP

28 Novembro – 9

Dezembro COP

17 em Durban

2012

10 Janeiro

R-PP Submetido

para avaliação

Setembro –

submissão para

avaliação preliminar

do R-PP

Key REDD+ policy events until 2018

201620152014

Forest Investment Program (FIP)

begins preparation

MRV Unit is established

National REDD Strategy Approved by the

Government

Public consultations for the emission

reduction options through forests

REDD+ Pilot Project starts in Zambezia

as integrated project to reduce

deforestation and forest degradation

December

COP 21 in Paris

LOI signed between the GoM and

the World Bank to fund

performance based project in

Zambezia

SESA Study

REDD+ Training

Sessions

Establishment of the REDD+ Unit

at MICOA to operationalize the

R-PP

Assunción Meeting

FCPF decision to

Fund R-PP

29 Novembro – 10 Dezembro

COP 22 in Marrakesh

Study on the Drivers of Deforestation

and Forest Degradation and

identification of potential actions to

reduce emissions in forests

Noruega providencia apoio

financeiro para o suporte da

colaboração Sul-Sul sobre o REDD

em Moçambique

Public Consultations and Initial

Estimation of Emissions Reduction

Potential

2013

National REDD+ Strategy

Submitted to the Government

2017

FIP is approved

by the board of

FCPF

Civil Society is

engaged through

FIP

National Forest

Inventory begins

28 Novembro – 9

Dezembro COP

23

2018

National Forest

Inventory and Forest

Reference Level

Presented

FREL starts

preparation

R-PP

Implementation

Starts

FREL is

submitted to

UNFCCC

Selection of the

FIP implementing

Agency

COP 21 in

Poland

Forest Policy

Review Process

begins

LEDS report is prepared

+

NDC Update

What lessons and follow up on LEDS?• Mozambique was given an opportunity to chose and evaluate the potential

impacts of Carbon Emission reduction, through a EU project with technical support from UN-Environment.

• We used a modelling approach, including the use of a tool developed by ICRAF to evaluate the potential of AF systems

• The idea of AF systems was to find options that focus on the major drivers of deforestation, that at the same time reduce deforestation and increase profitability.

• AF was found to be one of these options, that in addition, has the potential to increase jobs, well to be in line with the national development strategies

• The option has been now adopted as part of the national NDC set of actions

• Mozambique has been recently selected as a role model for other African countries engaged in the same process

What is there in the Curricula?

• Forests and climate change has been included in our formal training at the post-graduate level since 2012

• Our long term work with forest dynamics, and with REDD+ issues in particular, gives us an opportunity to share the knowledge, and transmit to our graduates, who at the end will work with the implementation of the policies on forests and climate change

• In 2018 we started a PhD program, in forest resource management, and the students have support to understand these issues through a project funded by Sweden Developoment Cooperation, and by the Higher Education Institute – Institutional Cooperation Instrument (HEI-ICI) of Finland, which exposes the students to the field conditions

What you are doing now?

• There is a lot of issues on carbon emissions reduction that we do not understand yet.

• Our main task is to dig further on these issues such as the local context, governance, interaction across stakeholders, benefit sharing, among other issues

• Our graduate students are currently working in most of these issues

• Policy briefs to inform decision-makers on technical and technological developments

• We are also preparing a curriculum for short courses and adult learning to support communities, civil society, the government officials and the private sector

• Guedes e Sitoe (2018.) Allometric biomass equations for standing trees and felled trees: Developing tools for Carbon Estimation in Miombo Woodlands of the Beira Landscape Corridor.

• IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. WMO, UNEP. Geneva. 169p.

• Lisboa, Guedes, Ribeiro e Sitoe (2018) Allometric Functions and Biomass Expansion Factor for Aboveground Biomass in Moist Evergreen Forest in Mozambique.

• Mavie (2014) Estimativas de Perdas de Carbono Associadas com Mudanças da Cobertura Florestal. Tese de Licenciatura em Engenharia Florestal, UEM. 89p.

• Pearson T, Walker S, and Brown S. 2005. Sourcebook for land use, land-use change and forestry projects. Winrock International, Arlington, Virginia, USA. 57p.

• Sengo (2016) Estimativas de Estoque de Carbono das Árvores Vivas e Carbono Orgânico do Solo sob Usos e Cobertura da Terra ao Longo do Corredor da Beira. Tese de Mestrado em Maneio e Conservação de Biodiversidade, UEM. 77p.

• Sevene (2015) Equações alométricas e factor de expansão de biomassa Colophospermum mopane em Tambara-Manica. Tese de Mestrado em Maneio e Conservação de Biodiversidade. 86p.

• Sitoe, Mandlate e Guedes (2014) Biomass and Carbon Stocks of Sofala Bay Mangrove Forests. Forests:5, 1967-1981; doi:10.3390/f5081967

References

This Presentation had Support From:

SuMNatureSustainable Management of Natural Resources

CENTRO DE ESTUDOS DE AGRICULTURA E GESTÃO DE RECURSOS NATURAISFaculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal. Universidade Eduardo Mondlane

CEAGRE