Renewable Energy Systems (1)

7/28/2019 Renewable Energy Systems (1)

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ECE 398RESRENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

presentation by

Pat Chapman and George GrossDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

at the

PAP 2006 Annual Meeting


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OUTLINE

The scope of the course

The course within the current energy/

environment context

The role of renewable sources

Course objectives and perspectives

Topical outline

The first class


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RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

We focus on the technical, economic and

environmental aspects of renewable and

alternative energy systems to obtain an

understanding of their role in meeting societys

electricity needs

We analyze the full range of renewable energy

supplies

The course provides a basis for understanding

the distinctive scientific principles of renewable


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RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

energy and the ability to provide an assessment

of the economics and environmental impacts of

renewable energy

The course covers the basics of energy produc-tion from renewable sources, the relevant

thermodynamics background, the structure and

nature of the electric transmission grid, theintegration of renewable resources into the grid,

environmental aspects and the regulatory

environment for electricity


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INCREASE IN WORLD ENERGYPRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

Mtonoi

lequ

iva

len

t*

2000203019712000

production consumption production consumption0

1000

2000

30004000

5000

6000

7000

Source: I EA 2002

transition

economies

developing

countriesOECD

* 1 tonneof oil equivalent (toe) = 42 GJ(net calorific value) = 10034 Mcal


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PREDOMINANCE OF OIL AND GAS

http://www.exxonmobil.com/corporate/Newsroom/Publications/eTrendsSite/chapter1.asp


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OUT OF GAS


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PRICE OF OIL


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MAJOR CHALLENGES IN ENERGY

Energy security: fuel supply resources for the

future

Economic growth: accommodation of the

developing nations needs

Environmental effects: global warming and

emission control

Electricity system reliability: assurance of

integrity of electric power infrastructure


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SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainable development refers to living, product-ion and consumption in a manner and at a level

that meets the needs of the present without

unduly impact on the ability of future generations

to meet their own needs

The World Commission on Environment and

Development set up by the UN issued a seminal

report in 1987; the report established the conceptof sustainable development

The major thrust of the report was to explicitly

recognize the scale and unevenness of economic


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SUSTAINABILITY

development and population growth continue toplace unprecedented pressures on the planets

land, water and other natural resources and

without constraints are severe enough to wipeout regional populations and, over the long term,

to lead to global catastrophes

Sustainability is a key guiding principle of policyof many nations

The applicability at international, national, state

and local levels varies widely

ROLE OF RENEWABLES IS OF


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ROLE OF RENEWABLES IS OFGROWING IMPORTANCE

RENEWABLES ROLE IN THE 2004 U S


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RENEWABLES ROLE IN THE 2004 U.S.ENERGY SUPPLY


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2005 RENEWABLE PORTFOLIOSTANDARDS AND STATE MANDATES


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2005 WIND ENERGY STATUS

Alaska1

California

2,096

Colorado229

Hawaii

9

Iowa

632

Kansas

114

Massachusetts

1

Michigan

2

Minnesota

615

Nebraska

14

New Mexico

267

New York

48

North

Dakota

66Oregon

263

Pennsylvania129

Tennessee

29

Texas

1,293

Vermont

6Wisconsin

53

Wyoming

285

Washington

240

South

Dakota

44

West Virginia

66

Arkansas

0.1

Idaho

0.2

Maine

0.1Montana

2New Hampshire

0.1

Oklahoma

176

Utah0.2

Illinois81

Ohio

7

total U.S. capacity installed: 6740MWSource: American Wind Energy Association, Outlook 2005


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2003 05 GLOBAL WIND CAPACITY

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

2003 2004 2005

MW

Sour ce: Global Wind Energy Council

8,207

11,769

GLOBAL INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY


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GLOBAL INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY( MW) REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION

Af ri ca & The M iddle East

Asia

Europe

Latin America & Caribbean

North Ameri ca

Pacif ic Region

Source: Wind Energy Fact Sheet, American Wind Energy Association, www.awaea.org


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2005 INSTALLED WIND CAPACITY

Europe

40,500 MW

68%

Americas

and

Africa

10,979 MW

19%

Asia

7,135 MW

12% Australia

708 MW

1%

Sour ce: Global Wind Energy Council

total wind

59,322 MW


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2005 INSTALLED WIND CAPACITY

MWSour ce: Global Wind Energy Council

18,428 MW

10,027 MW

9,149 MW

4,430 MW

3,122 MW

1,260 MW

708 MW

THE TOP 20 STATES FOR WIND


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THE TOP 20 STATES FOR WINDENERGY POTENTIAL

States

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

0.1annuale

nergypo

ten

tia

l(

billionsofk

Whs

)

Source: Wind Energy Fact Sheet, American Wind Energy Association, www.awaea.org


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DOE WIND PROGRAM GOALS

3/kWhin classes 4 and above onshore wind

areas

5/kWhfor off-shore regions


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WIND SYSTEM CAPITAL COSTS

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1989 1991 1993 1995 1996 2000

150 kW 225 kW

300 kW

500 kW 600 kW

1650 kW

capi

talcosts

(

$/kW)

capital costs include turbine, tower, grid connection, site

preparation controls and land


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SOLAR ENERGY


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U.S. SOLAR INSOLATION MAP


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2004 SOLAR ENERGY STATUS

Total U.S. installed PVand

solar thermal capacity is

0.5 GW

Total world PVcapacity is4 GWwith 1.8 GWbeing gridconnected

The nine parabolic trough plants for concentra-ting solar power produce energy at 1214/kWh

The price of power from grid-connected PV

systems is 20

30/kWh

PVsystems at APS facility in Prescott, AZ


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DOE SOLAR PROGRAM GOALS

Photovoltaics: 6/kWhby 2020

The goal of the US DOE is to install 1000MWof

new concentrating solar power systems in the

southwestern United States by 2010 with costs of

0.07 $/kWh

Concentrating solar power/troughs: 5/kWhby

2012


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FORECASTED RENEWABLE COSTS

Wind

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

PV

cen

ts/kWh

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

40

30

20

10

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

BiomassGeothermal Solar thermal

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

cen

ts/kWh

10

8

6

4

2

0

70

60

50

40

30

2010

0

15

12

9

6

3

0

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

all costs are levelized in constant year2000 dollars

Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office (www.nrel.gov/analysis/docs/cost_curves_2002.ppt)

KEY CHALLENGES IN RENEWABLE


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KEY CHALLENGES IN RENEWABLEEXPANSION

Integration into the grid

interconnection

grid capability

reliability issues

power quality

Competitiveness of technology costs

Environmental problems

Development of storage technology

KEY CHALLENGES IN RENEWABLE


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KEY CHALLENGES IN RENEWABLEEXPANSION

Government policies at the federal

state

local

levels

Regulatory accommodation

permitting processes

back up power

green power differential


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COURSE OBJECTIVES

Acquaint students with some basic physical

principles used in renewable energy

Stress the importance of economics and environ-

mental aspects in electricity developments

Expose students to the exciting aspects of

energy


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COURSE OBJECTIVES

Expose students to some of the major

developments in renewable resources and their

integration into the power grid

Provide a basic understanding of impacts of

market forces on shaping the electricity business

Give students the opportunity to do a project in a

team environment and to make a formal presen-

tation


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PERSPECTIVES

Understanding of the scientific principles

underlying renewable resources is essential

Awareness of the role that renewables can play is

important

Challenges in the integration of renewables are

major


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TOPICAL OUTLINE

General overview of electricity demand, supply,

industry structure, interconnected system

operations and state of technology

Nature and role of alternative generation sources

Review of concepts in electric circuit analysis


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TOPICAL OUTLINE

Engineering aspects of alternative source

generation technologies: thermodynamics

considerations; solar resource and solar array

systems; wind resource and wind generation

systems; other renewable resource technologies;

hydro, geothermal, closed system fuel cells; role

of power electronic circuits in renewable

technologies; economics of various technologies;

environmental attributes

O C O


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TOPICAL OUTLINE

Engineering principles of electrical storagetechnologies: electrical vs. chemical energy

storage; batteries; double-layer capacitors;

superconducting magnetic energy storage;

flywheels

The demand picture: the nature of electrical

loads; time variation, periodicity and price

dependence

TOPICAL OUTLINE


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TOPICAL OUTLINE

Demand management and energy conservation;

efficiency improvements; load management;

price-responsive demand; and, the role of new

technologies

Electricity markets basics

Integration of renewable generation into the grid

Regulatory policy aspects

GRADING POLICY


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GRADING POLICY

The course grade is based on the performance of

the student in the homework assignments, the

quizzes, the final exam and the project

Students form teams and each team undertakes

the preparation of a final project and its

presentation to the class

GRADING POLICY TABLE


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GRADING POLICY TABLE

component percentage

homework 15

quizzes 35

projects 15

final 35

total 100

THE FIRST CLASS


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THE FIRST CLASS

34 undergraduate students from ECE and other

engineering departments

The project was the highlight of the course for

many students

Students have become well exposed to the many

challenges in the integration of renewable

Documents

Renewable Energy Systems (1)