RELEC project (Relativistic ELECtrons). Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft 2 MICROSATELLITE KARAT FOR PLANETARY MISSIONS, ASTROPHYSICAL AND

RELECRELECprojectproject

((RRelativisticelativistic ELECELECtronstrons))

Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft2

MICROSATELLITE KARAT FOR PLANETARY MISSIONS, MICROSATELLITE KARAT FOR PLANETARY MISSIONS, ASTROPHYSICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHASTROPHYSICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH


UNIFICATED SPACECRFAFT KARAT WITH PAYLOADUNIFICATED SPACECRFAFT KARAT WITH PAYLOAD

Spacecraft mass on the orbit – 110 kg

Three-axes orientationActive operational time of a

mission no lesss than 3 years


VIBRO-DYNAMIC TESTSVIBRO-DYNAMIC TESTS



TEST ‘S FACILITYTEST ‘S FACILITY


• already tested and elaborated Russian on-board systems, instruments, modules and units are used;• design and interfaces are made in accordance wuth international standards;• module construction of small spacecraft;• on-board systems formed the spacecraft are also unificated.

Spacecraft mass is about 100 kg

Stabilisation accuracy - 4 ×10-3 degree/s

Orientation accuracy - 10·solid min

Time of active operations 3 year

On-board memory volume - no less than 8 GByteScientific data transfer with the use of S-LINEwill done of ciast th wjПередача научной информации по радиолинии S- или X–диапазона

Spacecraft ative is actyve 3aода

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL SPACECRAFT KARAT BASIC PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL SPACECRAFT KARAT ELABORATIONELABORATION


Goal of experiments:

• study of cosmic ray and magnetosphere energetic particle acting on the upper Atmosphere•study of atmosphere transient luminous effects.

EXPERIMENT RELEC ON-NOARD KARAT MISSIONEXPERIMENT RELEC ON-NOARD KARAT MISSION


Mission control and data receiving will be provide be the Mission Control Centre of Lavochkin space corporation as well as the compact ground receivers.

Ground receivers with antenna diameter 3,7 and 5 m


Group launchingGroup launching

By-pass missionBy-pass mission

Dnepr SoyuzRokot Start-M

Special missionSpecial mission

Discovery of electron radiation belts Discovery of electron radiation belts onboard ELECTRON satellites in 60’s.onboard ELECTRON satellites in 60’s.

MAXIS (1996) experiment onboard balloons, MAXIS (1996) experiment onboard balloons, Kiruna. High-energy electronsKiruna. High-energy electrons >500>500 keV keV precipitations: precipitations: Flux -Flux - 55 х 10 х 102525 particles for eight days was particles for eight days was detected at low altitudes .detected at low altitudes .Total number of trapped electrons – Total number of trapped electrons –

22 х 10 х 102525..

History of the problemHistory of the problem

12345678

The X-rays (produced from ~1.7 MeV electrons) measurements The X-rays (produced from ~1.7 MeV electrons) measurements showed that there are two main types of precipitation – long-term showed that there are two main types of precipitation – long-term (~100 s) and short enhancements (~10 s) modulating the count (~100 s) and short enhancements (~10 s) modulating the count rate. MAXIS measurements. rate. MAXIS measurements.

Precipitation of ~100 keV electrons from radiation belts measured in SAMPEX experiment.

Scientific objectivesScientific objectives

Magnetosphere relativistic electron Magnetosphere relativistic electron acceleration and precipitation research. acceleration and precipitation research. Study of high-energy particle acting on the Study of high-energy particle acting on the upper Atmosphere and ionosphere.upper Atmosphere and ionosphere.Search of transient phenomena in possible of transient phenomena in possible connection with energetic particle interactions connection with energetic particle interactions in the Atmospherein the AtmosphereStudy of acceleration processes in the Atmosphere as the possible source of high energy magnetosphere electrons

Crucial demandsCrucial demands Simultaneous observations of energetic Simultaneous observations of energetic

electron & proton flux and low-frequency electron & proton flux and low-frequency electromagnetic wave intensity variations electromagnetic wave intensity variations with high temporal resolution. with high temporal resolution.

Fine time structure measurements of Fine time structure measurements of transient lightning events in optics, UV, X- transient lightning events in optics, UV, X- and gamma rays.and gamma rays.

Monitor detection of charge and neutral background particles in different areas of near-Earth space..

Demands to the instrumentsDemands to the instruments

electron detectors: wide energy range (~0.1-10.0 MeV), electron detectors: wide energy range (~0.1-10.0 MeV), temporal resolution ~1 ms, pitch-angle distribution temporal resolution ~1 ms, pitch-angle distribution measuring, wide dynamical range (from ~0.1 up to measuring, wide dynamical range (from ~0.1 up to 101055 part./cm part./cm22s).s).

Low-frequency analyzer: measuring of two field Low-frequency analyzer: measuring of two field components at least, frequency bands ~0.1-10 kHz.components at least, frequency bands ~0.1-10 kHz.

X- and gamma-ray detectors: temporal resolution X- and gamma-ray detectors: temporal resolution ~1 mcs, sensitivity ~10~1 mcs, sensitivity ~10-8-8 erg/cm erg/cm22 for burst. for burst.

Additional: detecting of protons with energies > 1 MeV, Additional: detecting of protons with energies > 1 MeV, wide-field observe of Atmosphere in optics, UV, X- and wide-field observe of Atmosphere in optics, UV, X- and gamma-rays with possibility of imagination in optics.gamma-rays with possibility of imagination in optics.

InstrumentsInstruments

DRG-1 & DRG-2 - two identical detectors of X-, gamma-DRG-1 & DRG-2 - two identical detectors of X-, gamma-rays and high-energy electrons of high temporal rays and high-energy electrons of high temporal resolution and sensitivityresolution and sensitivity

DRG-3 - three axeDRG-3 - three axe directed detectors of energetic directed detectors of energetic electrons and protonselectrons and protons

Telescope-T - optical imagerTelescope-T - optical imager DUF - UV detectorDUF - UV detector NChA - low-frequency analyserNChA - low-frequency analyser RChA - radio-frequency analyserRChA - radio-frequency analyser DOSTEL - dosimeter moduleDOSTEL - dosimeter module BE - module of commands and data collection BE - module of commands and data collection

DRG-1 (DRG-2) instrumentDRG-1 (DRG-2) instrument

Two identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator phosvich Two identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator phosvich detectors, both directed toward the Earthdetectors, both directed toward the Earth

Physical parameters:Physical parameters:X- and gamma-quantaX- and gamma-quanta electronselectrons

energy range energy range 0.01-2.0 MeV,0.01-2.0 MeV, 0.2-10.0 MeV0.2-10.0 MeV

effective area effective area ~200 cm~200 cm22 ~200 cm ~200 cm22sr (geom. factor)sr (geom. factor)

(total ~800 cm(total ~800 cm22))

temporal resolution temporal resolution 0.1 mcs0.1 mcs 1.0 ms1.0 ms

sensitivity sensitivity ~5·10~5·10-9-9 erg/cm erg/cm22 ~10~10-1-1 part./cm part./cm22ss

Technical parametersMass - < 7 kg;sizes 300270200 mm;power expenditure at 28 V no more 10 W.

DRG-3 instrumentDRG-3 instrument

Three identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator Three identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator phosvich detectors, directed along three axe mutually phosvich detectors, directed along three axe mutually normal (as Cartesian coordinate system)normal (as Cartesian coordinate system)

Physical parameters:Physical parameters:electronselectrons protonsprotons

energy range energy range 0.1-10.0 MeV,0.1-10.0 MeV, 1.0-100.0 MeV1.0-100.0 MeV

geom. factorgeom. factor ~2 cm~2 cm22sr sr ~2 cm~2 cm22sr sr

temporal resolution temporal resolution 1.0 ms1.0 ms 1.0 ms1.0 ms

sensitivity sensitivity ~10 part./cm~10 part./cm22ss ~10 part./cm~10 part./cm22ss

Technical parametersMass - < 4 kg;sizes 250250250 mm;power expenditure at 28 V no more 6 W.

To the skyTo the sky

Scintillation detectors

Along the geomagneticAlong the geomagneticfield linefield line

Telesope -TTelesope -T instrument instrument

Optical imager based on multi-grain mirrorOptical imager based on multi-grain mirror

Physical parameters:Physical parameters:

Technical parametersMass - < 5 kg;sizes 200200400 mm;power expenditure at 28V no more 6 W.

Spectral band: 300-400 nmAngle resolution: 0.4o. Angle of view: 7.5o. Cells number: 4000. Photomultiplier channels number: 64. Time resolution: 100 s. Amplitude range: 105.

DUF DUF instrumentinstrumentTwo Two photomultiplier photomultiplier tubes with different input windowtubes with different input windowfiltersfilters


Technical parametersMass - < 1 kg;sizes 14014080 mm;power expenditure at 28 Vno more 1 W.

Spectral band: PMT1 - 300-400 nm PMT2 (red) - 630-800 nmAngle of view: 7.5o.Time resolution: 100 s.Amplitude range: 106.

PMT1

PMT2

NChA instrumentNChA instrumentLow-frequency analyzer: two magnetic field componentLow-frequency analyzer: two magnetic field componentmeters, two electric field component meters andmeters, two electric field component meters andanalyzer unitanalyzer unit



Frequency band: 20 Hz - 20 kHznumber of spectral components:1024frequency step: 20 Hz .Time resolution: 2 s.Number of spectral componentcategories: 16.

magnetic and electric field component meters

VКА

1,5 м

90

45

КВЗ1

КВЗ2

0,4 м (max)

ZИМ

ZКВЗ2

YКВЗ2

XКВЗ2

YКВЗ1XКВЗ1

Ориентация осей КВЗ Ориентация оси Z ИМ

Z

ИМ

ZКВЗ1

Оси ZИМ, ZКВЗ1 и ZКВЗ2 должны быть взаимно ортогональны, причем:1 Оси XКВЗ1, ZКВЗ1, XКВЗ2 и ZКВЗ2 лежат в одной плоскости, которая наклонена к вектору

скорости VКА на 45 .2 Оси ZИМ, YКВЗ1 и YКВЗ2 коллинеарны и перпендикулярны к плоскости осей XКВЗ1, ZКВЗ1,

XКВЗ2 и ZКВЗ2 (45 с направлением вектора скорости спутника VКА).3 Оси XКВЗ1 и XКВЗ2 перпендикулярны между собой.

Z

X

Y

Метки

45

90

RChA instrumentRChA instrumentRadio frequency analyzerRadio frequency analyzer



DOSTEL DOSTEL instrumentinstrument

Dosimetry Dosimetry unitunit


BE BE instrumentinstrument



Total data transfer: 500Mbyte per day.Number of controlcommands : 24.Number of digitalcommands: 256 categories.Possibility of flexible trigger.

ElectronsElectrons 0.2 – 10 0.2 – 10 MeVMeV

> 10 > 10 MeVMeV

>> 0.3 MeV 0.3 MeV

ProtonsProtons 0.3 – 60 MeV0.3 – 60 MeV

> 50 > 50 MeVMeV

3 – 150 MeV3 – 150 MeV

>150 >150 MeVMeV

GammaGamma 0.05 – 1.0 MeV0.05 – 1.0 MeV

NeutronNeutron 0.1 – 30 MeV0.1 – 30 MeV

X-raysX-rays 10 – 100 keV10 – 100 keV

UVUV 300-400 300-400 nmnm

Ranges of particles and quanta measuring in RELEC experiment

TOTAL RELEC characteristicsTOTAL RELEC characteristics

MassMass 45 45 kg.kg.

PowerPower 60 60 W.W.

Data flowData flow 500 500 MBMB//day.day.

Operational modes- background mode:provides 100% covering of the orbit with given time resolution < 1 second forex.

no more than 20 MBytes/day

- event mode:provides a few (3-5) time intervals per orbit with fine (<1 mks) time resolutioninitialized by trigger

about 50 MByte on event

four groups of instruments:

- DRGE-1, NChA

- DRGE-1(2), DUF, Telescope-T, RchA

- BChK, DOSTEL – only background mode

- BE – provides other instruments

Total – about 500 MByte/day

Trigger conditions:

1) Intrinsic trigger:

a) Given signal level;

b) Intensity on the given time interval;

c) Given signal level & intensity on the given time interval (a&b);

d) Coincidence of internal and external (from chosen other instrument) strobes.

2) External trigger:

a) Data fixation in the given time interval by the trigger signal from chosen other instrument.

b) Data fixation in the given time interval in the case of trigger of event

3)Trigger of event:

coincidence of intrinsic triggers from two or more instruments

20 мс

15 5

Стробы не совпали , события не записаны

РГД

РЧА

БНД

ДУФ

15 5

Стробы совпали , РЧА не может записать

событие. Значит надо информацию в FIFOРЧА удерживать на время строба РЧА

БНД выдает ТК

для фиксации

инф в приборах

15 5

Стробы совпали , но события не записаны

Время записи в кольцевую память после триггера t1g

Строб по триггеруt1g =10 мс Строб по триггеру

t1r=3 мс

Время записи в кольцевую память до триггера t1 g

Время записи в кольцевую память до триггера

t1 r=1 мс

Строб по триггеруt1r=3 мс

100 мс для ДУФ

Other geophysical and space-Other geophysical and space-physics problems can be solved physics problems can be solved

using the same devicesusing the same devices Lithosphere-ionosphere connections Lithosphere-ionosphere connections

(earthquakes)(earthquakes) Atmosphere-ionosphere connections Atmosphere-ionosphere connections

(thunderstorms)(thunderstorms)

Technical applicationsTechnical applications

Dosimetry and SEU (single event upsets) Dosimetry and SEU (single event upsets) problem taking into account neutron problem taking into account neutron component of radiation.component of radiation.

Timetable№ Name Beginning

End(month, year)

1 Elaboration of Proposal on scientific payload March 2008December 2008

2 Elaboration of documentation and test modelsManufacturing of models

December 2008

December 20093.1. Manufacturing of engineering model (EM), tests of

EM.December 2009

March 2010

3.2. Manufacturing of test facility, complex tests of EM.Correction of documentation.

December 2009

March 2010

4.1. Manufacturing of flight example March 2010Маy 2010

4.2. Manufacturing of test facility for flying example. March 2010Маy 2010

5. Complex tests of flight example. Preparing oflaunching.

June 2010December 2010

Documents

RELEC project (Relativistic ELECtrons). Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft 2 MICROSATELLITE KARAT FOR PLANETARY MISSIONS, ASTROPHYSICAL AND