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Relative Pronouns
Introduce a subordinate clause (dependent clause—cannot stand alone, must be married to an independent CLAUSE)
Relative Pronouns: THAT WHICH WHOWHOM WHOSE
She is the lady who brings us cookies every Monday afternoon.
The cat that ate your pet mouse is unfriendly.
Relative Pronouns
Nominative case: who, whoever
Objective case: whom, whomever
The use of who or whom in a subordinate clause depends on how the pronoun functions in the clause
WHO= used as a subjectWHOM= used as an object
SUBJECT OBJECT
I Me
He Him
She Her
We Us
They Them
WHO WHOM
Use WHOM for indirect/direct objects or objects of the preposition; use WHO for the subject or predicate
nominative
Informal methods of determining who/whom…
1. Use WHO when you could replace it with HE.
Ex: Who/m is standing by the gate?You would say, He is standing by the gate;
so who is correct.Marvin wished he knew who/whom won.
He knew is a clause; he won would be correct, so the correct pronoun is who.
Who vs. Whom
2. Use WHOM when you could replace it with HIM.
Ex: To who/whom am I speaking?Turn the sentence around to, I am speaking to
who/whom. We would say, I am speaking to him, so whom would be correct.
Ex: Jacob wanted to know on who/m the prank was pulled.
Turn the sentence: The prank was pulled on who/m. You would say, him; correct answer=whom
Whomever or whoever?
3. Use ever on the end of who/whom when who/whom fits in both clauses.
Ex: Give it to ________ asks for it first.We would say, Give it to him, or He asks for
it first. So, who/whom fit into both clauses.he/him combination=whoeverHim/him combination=whomeverSo answer for above example is WHOEVER.
Whomever or whoever?
Ex: we will hire _________you recommend.We would either say, We will hire him, or
You recommend him. We know to use ever, and this time have a him/him combination
Answer: We will hire whomever you recommend.
What about questions?
Turn questions into a statement to determine the correct pronoun.
Ex: Who/m should I invite to the dance?
I should invite – her – to the dance.Since the correct pronoun is
her/him/them, WHOM is correct.
Review
Who/m should I ask to the dance?
Sarah hasn’t decided who/m should be appointed as her dance partner yet.
I am looking for a dance partner on who/m I can depend.
Jason is the dancer who/m will display his brilliant choreography at our ten-year reunion.
