Relative Relative ClauseClause

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Relative(adjective)clauseRelative(adjective)clause

►A A relative clauserelative clause is a is a subordinatesubordinate clauseclause that modifies a that modifies a nounnoun..

Relatives for SubjectsRelatives for Subjects

► Who: It is used for persons.

► Which: It is used for liveless creatures or animals.

► That: It is used instead of both who and which.

Let’s do practiceLet’s do practice

The manThe man walks slowly. walks slowly. HeHe used to be an athlete. used to be an athlete.

And now combine these sentences And now combine these sentences with Relative clause.with Relative clause.

The man The man whowho//that that walks slowly used walks slowly used to be an athleteto be an athlete

► I saw a I saw a black catblack cat..►Black catBlack cat is believed to bring bad is believed to bring bad

luck.luck.

►Let’s combine them with which/that.Let’s combine them with which/that.► I saw a black cat I saw a black cat which/that which/that is is

believed to bring bad luck.believed to bring bad luck.

Relatives for ObjectsRelatives for Objects

►Who, whom, that,Who, whom, that, ¤ (boş): ¤ (boş): They are used They are used for persons as objectfor persons as object

That is That is the manthe man.. We saw We saw himhim at the meeting. at the meeting.

Combine them with Relative clause.Combine them with Relative clause. That is the man That is the man Who, whom, that,Who, whom, that, ¤ ¤ We We

saw at the meeting.saw at the meeting.

►Which, that, ¤ (boş): They are used for liveless or aimals as object.

►The bookThe book was very expensive. was very expensive.►We bought We bought itit..

►The book The book Which, that, ¤ We bought We bought was very expensive.was very expensive.

Time Time ClauseClause

►When,(prep.)+which,that: When,(prep.)+which,that: They are They are used for time expressions like used for time expressions like day,year time,etc.day,year time,etc.

► ((PrepPrep)): preposition: prepositionss like on,in,at. like on,in,at.

The example of TimeThe example of Time

► I will never forget I will never forget the daythe day. . ► I met her I met her on that dayon that day..

► I will never forget the day I will never forget the day when,on when,on which,that which,that I met her.I met her.

Place ClausePlace Clause

►Where,(prep.)+which,that: Where,(prep.)+which,that: They They are used for place expressions like are used for place expressions like there.there.

The example of PlaceThe example of Place

► I want to live I want to live in a cityin a city..►there is a lot of sunshine there is a lot of sunshine therethere..

► I want to live in a city I want to live in a city where,in where,in which,thatwhich,that there is a lot of sunshine. there is a lot of sunshine.

WHOSE WHOSE

►WhoseWhose:It is used for both persons and :It is used for both persons and animals when there are possesive animals when there are possesive pronouns in the sentence.pronouns in the sentence.

ExampleExample

►Can you repair Can you repair the tablethe table?? ►Its legsIts legs are broken are broken. .

►Can you repair the table Can you repair the table whose legswhose legs are broken.are broken.

OF WHICHOF WHICH

►Of which:Of which:ItIt is is rarely rarely used for animals used for animals when there are possesive pronouns in when there are possesive pronouns in the sentence.the sentence.

►Can you repair Can you repair the tablethe table?? ►Its legsIts legs are broken are broken. .

►Can you repair the table Can you repair the table legs of legs of whichwhich are broken. are broken.

WHYWHY

►When: It is used if we say reason after When: It is used if we say reason after words like reason,explanation.words like reason,explanation.

ExampleExample

►I can’t explain I can’t explain the reasonthe reason..►WWe cancelled thee cancelled the meetingmeeting. .

►I can’t explain I can’t explain the reasonthe reason why why WWe cancelled thee cancelled the meetingmeeting. .

Expressions of QuantityExpressions of Quantity

►Relative clause may include words Relative clause may include words used with ‘of’ such as used with ‘of’ such as most of, none of, most of, none of, two of, half of, both of, neither of, each two of, half of, both of, neither of, each ofof, etc., etc.

►These words can only be used with These words can only be used with ““whom, which, whosewhom, which, whose” .” .

► In my English class there are 10 In my English class there are 10 studentsstudents..

►Most of Most of them them are from are from İzmir.İzmir.

► In my English class there are 10 In my English class there are 10 studentsstudents Most of Most of whomwhom are from are from İzmir.İzmir.

► I bought five books.I bought five books.►Two of them are about musicTwo of them are about music..

► I bought five booksI bought five books,, two oftwo of whichwhich are are about musicabout music..

►They talked about MaryThey talked about Mary..►One of herOne of her problems was coming to problems was coming to

class lateclass late..

They talked about MaryThey talked about Mary,, one of one of whosewhose problems was coming to class problems was coming to class latelate..

►Relative Clause sometimes Relative Clause sometimes subordinates a whole sentence but not subordinates a whole sentence but not a word.a word.

► In this situation Comma(,) + which are In this situation Comma(,) + which are used for subordinate sentenceused for subordinate sentence

►Şule failed the test.Şule failed the test.►ThatThat shocked all of us shocked all of us..

►Şule failed the testŞule failed the test,which ,which shocked all shocked all of usof us..

Reduction of Relative ClausesReduction of Relative Clauses

►We can turn relative clause from We can turn relative clause from sentence into a clause by reducing the sentence into a clause by reducing the relative word.relative word.

The boy The boy who iswho is running towards us is running towards us is my son.my son.

Now we can write it :Now we can write it : The boy The boy runningrunning towards us is my son towards us is my son..

►Attention:Attention:► If you want to do reduction, that who If you want to do reduction, that who

and which should subordinate subject, and which should subordinate subject, or you cannot do reduction.or you cannot do reduction.

►The boy who The boy who youyou met yesterday is my met yesterday is my son.son.

►(You cannot do reduction in this (You cannot do reduction in this sentence .)sentence .)

►So subjects should be same in So subjects should be same in reduction.reduction.

►Thanks for your watchingThanks for your watching

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