Regents Biology

Why do we eat? We eat to take in more of these chemicals

Food for building materials to make more of us (cells) for growth for repair

Food to make energy calories to make ATP

ATP

Regents Biology

Do Now:

Hand in your pH lab.

Regents Biology

What do we need to eat? Foods to give you more building blocks

& more energy for building & running bodies

carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic acids vitamins minerals, salts water

Regents Biology

The New Food Pyramid

Regents Biology

Water 65% of your body is H2O water is inorganic

doesn’t contain carbon

Rest of you is made of carbon molecules organic molecules

carbohydrates proteins fats nucleic acids

Don’t forget water

Regents Biology 2009-2010

Carbohydrates:

OH

OH

H

H

HO

CH2OH

HH

H

OH

O

Energy molecules

Regents Biology

Carbohydrates

Building block molecules =

sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar

sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar

sugars

Regents Biology

sucrose

Carbohydrates Function:

quick energy energy storage structure

cell wall in plants

Examples sugars starches cellulose (cell wall)

glucoseC6H12O6

starch

Regents Biology

Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in

glucose fructose sucrose maltose OH

OH

H

H

HO

CH2OH

HH

H

OH

O

glucoseC6H12O6

sucrose

fructose

-ose

maltose

Regents Biology

Building carbohydrates Synthesis

|glucose

|glucose

1 sugar = monosaccharide

2 sugars = disaccharide

|maltose

mono = onesaccharide = sugar

di = two

Regents Biology

Building carbohydrates Synthesis

|fructose

|glucose

1 sugar = monosaccharide

|sucrose

(table sugar)

2 sugars = disaccharide

How sweetit is!

Regents Biology

BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides

large carbohydrates starch

energy storage in plants potatoes

glycogen energy storage in animals

in liver & muscles cellulose

structure in plants cell walls

chitin structure in arthropods & fungi

exoskeleton

poly = many

Regents Biology

Building BIG carbohydratesglucose + glucose + glucose… =

starch(plant)

glycogen(animal)

energystorage

polysaccharide

Regents Biology

Digesting starch vs. cellulose

starcheasy todigest

starcheasy todigest

cellulosehard todigest

cellulosehard todigest

enzyme

enzyme

Regents Biology

Cellulose Cell walls in plants

herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose

that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients

cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material

moving in your intestines

Regents Biology

Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well?

BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals

Eeeew…Chewing

cud?

Regents Biology 2009-2010

Let’s build some

Carbohydrates!

EATX

Regents Biology

Activities building starch by bonding together

paper glucose molecules eat carrots, celery, cookies