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© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.1
Reducing Environmental/GHG Impacts from Groundwater Remediation at a Superfund Site
Environment, Energy Security & Sustainability Symposium & Exhibition (E2S2) | NDIA
Aniket Sawant, PhD
Scott McQueenParikhit Sinha, PhD
May 12, 2011 | New Orleans
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
You can only manage what you can measure.
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– Peter Drucker
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
SustainabilityEnergy & Carbon
Water & Waste
Buildings (LEED) Sustainable Deconstruction
Sustainable Remediation
Compliance
Sustainability
3
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Sustainable Remediation – Overview
Environmental cleanup that is able to evaluate whether benefits outweigh remediation costs; ensure the environmental impact of the remediation activity is less
than the impact of leaving the land untreated; engage all stakeholders in the decision-making process; minimize or eliminate energy and natural resources consumption; reduce or eliminate releases to the environment; harness or mimic natural processes; use renewable energy sources; and use recyclable materials.
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Background - Location
Groundwater remediation activities being conducted by Alcatel-Lucent at the former MW Manufacturing site (U.S. EPA Superfund site in north-central PA)
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© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Background - Operations
Former metal wire reclamation operation Copper reclaimed from wire and cable using mechanical and chemical
stripping/ separation methods Significant contamination – soils and groundwater
Groundwater Treatment System (GWTS) installed in 2004
GHG emissions from GWTS reported
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Flow equalization UV/hydrogen peroxideenhanced oxidation
Soils conditioning
Bag and cartridge filtration Countercurrent air stripping
Solids dewatering with a plate and frame filter press
pH adjustment and/or sequestering agent addition
Final pH adjustment
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Method: The Greenhouse Gas Protocol1
Internationally recognized protocol Covers the Kyoto Protocol gases from direct and indirect sources
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Boundaries Organizational
What locations are covered? Ownership vs. control
Operational What sources are covered?
Scope 1: Direct Scope 2: Indirect Scope 3: Other indirect
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
GHG Boundaries & Definitions for the Site
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PARAMETERS DETAILS
GHG Accounting Protocol
World Resources Institute / World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WRI/WBCSD; www.ghgprotocol.org)
Intended AudienceCurrent internal audience: Alcatel-Lucent Danville groundwater remediation site, Alcatel-Lucent Corporate;Potential future audience: Carbon Disclosure Project; U.S. EPA mandatory reporting rule, U.S. federal cap-and-trade program
Organizational boundary
Based on operational control – report 100% of GHG emissions for those sources metered/measured by Alcatel-Lucent Danville site and for which future emission reduction actions can be taken.
Operational boundaryReport Scope 1 (direct) emissions from stationary combustion, mobile source combustion, process emissions, and fugitive emissions; Report Scope 2 (indirect) emissions from purchased electricity; Report Scope 3 (other indirect) emissions from chemical supply chain, waste supply chain, landfilled solid waste and wastewater treatment.
Duration Data available for January 2010; extrapolated to preceding 12-month period
Emission Intensity metrics Gallons of groundwater remediated
De minimis Threshold Emission sources that account for a small percentage of entity-wide emissions (<1%) can be called de minimis and approximated.
Reporting Frequency Annual (calendar year basis)
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Inventory Program
GHG Inventory
Completed GHG scorecards used as inputs to GHG emission estimate
GHG Scorecard
Detailed quantitative request for data, prepared on basis of GHG activity questionnaire
GHG Activity Description Questionnaire
Guide in developing specific data collection methods where appropriate
Kick-off Meeting
Decide upon audience, boundaries, definitions
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Carbon Footprint: Scope 1
Mobile and Stationary Emissions (MTCO2E)
Fuel Usage: Gallons (liquid fuels),
CF (NG)
Emission Factors:WRI2,3
Note: Mobile emissions and stationary emissions are calculated using similar approaches, but use different calculation tools. Mobile and stationary data are aggregated only after conversion to MTCO2E.
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Carbon Footprint: Scope 2
Purchased Electricity Emissions (MTCO2E)
Usage: kWhEmission Factors: EPA
eGRID, Subregion-specific4
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Carbon Footprint: Scope 3
Supply Chain Transportation,
Solid Waste, and Wastewater
Emissions (MTCO2E)
Fuel Usage, Tonnage Landfilled,
Gallons Water
Emission Factors:WRI3, EPA5,6
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Carbon Footprint: Total
Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Carbon Footprint
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
GHG Emissions
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Scope Emission Source Acitivity Equipment Fuel/Resource Usage Unit MTCO 2 E
Operator's Vehicle 813 7.2Manager's Vehicle 63 0.6Mower 30 0.3Weed Whacker 4 0.04
UV/Ox High Intensity 216,445 112UV/Ox Low Intensity 144,175 75Air Compressor 113,880 59Transfer Pump 102 25,550 13Transfer Pump 401 365 0.2Tank 401 Mixer 12,410 6.4Air Stripper Blower 36,135 19Air Stripper Transfer Pump 1,095 0.6Effluent Tank Mixer 13,870 7.2
Pumping of Groundwater Grundfos Pumps 21,170 11
Delivery of Hydrogen Peroxide Tractor Trailer 63 0.6Delivery of Sulfuric Acid Tractor Trailer 100 1.0Delivery of Caustic Tractor Trailer 16 0.2Delivery of Cartridge Filters Box Truck 2,250 23
Non-Hazardous Waste Transport of Solid Waste Refuse Hauler 225 2.3
Potable Water Usage Faucets, Toilet, Hose 4,000 0.03Septic Water Septic Tank 80 0.001
Solid Waste DisposalOnsite Dumpster (3 CY)
MSW 14 US tons 6
483,625 296411,355 259
Gallons
2
Groundwater Remediation
Lighting and Outlets for Treatment Plant and Construction Trailer
Lights and Outlets 42,705 22
kWhPurchased Electricity Electricity
Water and Wastewater
3
Chemical Supply Chain
Water Gallons
Diesel Gallons
MCF 4.1
1
StationaryHeating Treatment Plant and Construction Trailer
Gas Heating Unit Natural Gas 77
MobileCommute to Site by Operator and other Support Personnel; Landscaping and Maintenance
Gasoline
80%+ 50%+
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
GHG Emissions – UV/Ox Lamp at High Intensity
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Operator's Vehicle2%
Manager's Vehicle0.19%Gas Heating Unit
1%
UV/Ox High Intensity36%
Air Compressor20%
Transfer Pump 102
4%
Tank 401 Mixer2%
Air Stripper Blower
6%
Air Stripper Transfer Pump0.19%
Effluent Tank Mixer2%
Grundfos Pumps4%
Lights and Outlets7%
Tractor Trailer - H2O2
0.20%
Tractor Trailer - H2SO4
0.32%Box Truck - Cartridge Filters 7%
Refuse Hauler1%
Onsite Dumpster2%
(a) High Intensity: 296 MTCO2E
Contributions ≤0.1%:* Mower* Transfer Pump 401* Tractor Trailer - Caustic* Weed Whacker* Potable Water Use* Septic Tank
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Operator's Vehicle3%Manager's Vehicle
0.21%Gas Heating Unit
2%
UV/Ox Low Intensity27%
Air Compressor23%
Transfer Pump 102
5%
Tank 401 Mixer2%
Air Stripper Blower7%
Air Stripper Transfer Pump0.22%
Effluent Tank Mixer3%
Grundfos Pumps4%
Lights and Outlets9%
Tractor Trailer - H2O2
0.23%
Tractor Trailer - H2SO4
0.37%Box Truck - Cartridge Filters
8%
Refuse Hauler1%
Onsite Dumpster2%
(b) Low Intensity: 259 MTCO2E
Contributions ≤0.1%:* Mower* Transfer Pump 401* Tractor Trailer - Caustic* Weed Whacker* Potable Water Use* Septic Tank
Contributions ≤0.1%:* Mower* Transfer Pump 401* Tractor Trailer - Caustic* Weed Whacker* Potable Water Use* Septic Tank
Contributions ≤0.1%:* Mower* Transfer Pump 401* Tractor Trailer - Caustic* Weed Whacker* Potable Water Use* Septic Tank
GHG Emissions – UV/Ox Lamp at Low Intensity
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© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Normalized GHG emissions
Normalized GHG emissions (emissions per unit process output, e.g., gallons of water remediated) are useful in: Benchmarking against similar operations elsewhere Benchmarking one year to the next Identifying targets for GHG mitigation
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Parameter High Low
Total GHG Emissions (MTCO2E/MG)
22.5 19.7
Electricity Consumption (MWh/MG)
36.8 31.3
UV/Ox Lamp Consumption (MWh/MG)
16.5 11.0
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
The Mitigation Cycle
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Baseline Carbon Footprint
Project Execution
Emission Reduction Goals• Long-term• Interim
Emission Reduction Projects• Identify• Prioritize
Future Emissions Scenarios• Business-as-usual
Mitigation Plan• Draft• Communicate to
Stakeholders
StartThe carbon footprint is only the first step …
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
GHG Mitigation
Two system components account for ≥50% of the groundwater remediation emissions at the site Change in operating mode of one component (UV/Ox lamp) reduces overall
GHG emissions by ~13% Reduces electricity consumption ~70,000 kWh Reduces site budget by ~3% at a time of significant (60%) rate increases Conducted confirmatory testing on treatment effectiveness with new setting
Additional GHG mitigation from: Chemical supply chain – switching from monthly to annual delivery of
cartridge filters (~7% mitigation) Carbon sequestration – planting 15 acres of native meadow and 1.5 acres of
wetland (~17% mitigation) Total mitigation = 88 MTCO2E 30% of base case of 296 MTCO2E Equivalent to emissions from ~17 passenger cars
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© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
Conclusions
A detailed inventory can provide the basis for significant emissions reductions and cost savings
Alcatel-Lucent site reduced emissions by ~40% and budget by 3% Normalized GHG emissions can serve as a benchmark and help identify
opportunities from year to year or at other comparable facilities Sustainable remediation can inform future cleanup goals and methods evaluate whether benefits outweigh remediation costs; minimize or eliminate energy and natural resources consumption;
Sustainable remediation helps with Community/public – increased acceptance Regulators – enhanced negotiating position
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.
References
(1) World Resources Institute, 2009. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard.
(2) World Resources Institute, 2008a. GHG Protocol tool for stationary combustion. Version 4.0.
(3) World Resources Institute, 2008b. GHG Protocol tool for mobile combustion. Version 2.0.
(4) EPA, 2007. eGRID subregion and emissions finder (CO2, N2O, CH4) tool. Version 1.1.
(5) EPA, 2006. Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 3rd edition.
(6) EPA, 2008. Draft Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (1990-2006).
© 2010 O’Brien & Gere. All Rights Reserved.2222
Aniket Sawant
484-804-7237