Reconstruction Reconstruction PlansPlansHow would you have established How would you have established terms of peace and rebuilding terms of peace and rebuilding following the Civil War?following the Civil War?

ReconstructionReconstruction

The reorganization and rebuilding of the The reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil former Confederate states after the Civil War. War.

South’s DevastationSouth’s Devastation

The war saved the Union but left the The war saved the Union but left the South devastated.South devastated.

When tired, ragged, and hungry When tired, ragged, and hungry Confederate soldiers went home at the Confederate soldiers went home at the end of the war, they often returned to a end of the war, they often returned to a ruined land. ruined land.

Cities and plantations were in ruin, and Cities and plantations were in ruin, and roads, bridges and railroads were roads, bridges and railroads were destroyed. destroyed.

Destruction in the SouthDestruction in the South

Destruction in South Destruction in South CarolinaCarolina

““We have turned… We have turned… loose four million loose four million slaves without a slaves without a hut to shelter them hut to shelter them or a cent in their or a cent in their pockets.”pockets.” Thaddeus Stevens Thaddeus Stevens

in a speech to in a speech to Congress, Congress, December 1865December 1865

Freed SlavesFreed Slaves

Lincoln’s Ten Percent Lincoln’s Ten Percent PlanPlan

President Lincoln offered the first plan for President Lincoln offered the first plan for accepting the South back into the Union. accepting the South back into the Union.

Ten Percent Plan stated that when 10 Ten Percent Plan stated that when 10 percent of the voters of a state took an percent of the voters of a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, the State oath of loyalty to the Union, the State could form a government and adopt a could form a government and adopt a new constitution that banned slavery. new constitution that banned slavery.

He wanted pro-Union Southerners to run He wanted pro-Union Southerners to run the state governments. the state governments.

Lincoln’s Ten Percent Lincoln’s Ten Percent PlanPlan

Lincoln believed that punishing the South Lincoln believed that punishing the South would only delay healing the torn nation.would only delay healing the torn nation.

Lincoln offered amnesty- a pardon- to all Lincoln offered amnesty- a pardon- to all white Southerners, except Confederate white Southerners, except Confederate leaders, who gave loyalty to the Union. leaders, who gave loyalty to the Union.

In 1864 three states under Union In 1864 three states under Union occupation- Louisiana, Arkansas, and occupation- Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee- set up governments under Tennessee- set up governments under Lincoln’s plan. Lincoln’s plan.

The Radical RepublicansThe Radical Republicans

In 1864 Congress was controlled by In 1864 Congress was controlled by Radical Republicans. Radical Republicans.

Radical Republicans thought Lincoln’s 10 Radical Republicans thought Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan was too easy on the South.Percent Plan was too easy on the South.

They came up with a much harsher plan.They came up with a much harsher plan. They voted to deny seats to They voted to deny seats to

representatives from any state representatives from any state reconstructed under Lincoln’s plan. reconstructed under Lincoln’s plan.

The Radical Republican’s The Radical Republican’s Plan- Wade Davis BillPlan- Wade Davis Bill

In July 1864, Congress passed the Wade-In July 1864, Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill. Davis Bill.

For a state to rejoin the Union they had to:For a state to rejoin the Union they had to: 1) A majority of white males in a state had to swear 1) A majority of white males in a state had to swear

loyalty to the Unionloyalty to the Union 2) Only white males who had not fought in the Civil 2) Only white males who had not fought in the Civil

War could vote for delegates.War could vote for delegates. 3) Former Confederates were barred from public 3) Former Confederates were barred from public

office. office. 4) Any new state constitution had to end slavery. 4) Any new state constitution had to end slavery.

Lincoln thoughtsLincoln thoughts

Lincoln refused to Lincoln refused to sign the bill into law. sign the bill into law.

He realized he would He realized he would have to be willing to have to be willing to compromise with compromise with Radical Republicans Radical Republicans if Reconstruction if Reconstruction were to occur.were to occur.

The Freedmen’s BureauThe Freedmen’s Bureau

In March 1865, Congress and the In March 1865, Congress and the president set up a new government president set up a new government agency to help former enslaved persons, agency to help former enslaved persons, or freedmen called the Freedmen’s or freedmen called the Freedmen’s Bureau.Bureau.

After the war, the Freedmen’s Bureau After the war, the Freedmen’s Bureau helped African Americans adjust to helped African Americans adjust to freedom.freedom.

Freedmen’s BureauFreedmen’s Bureau

The agency distributed food and clothing. The agency distributed food and clothing. Provided medical services that lowered the Provided medical services that lowered the

death rate among freed former slaves.death rate among freed former slaves. Set up schools staffed by Northern teachers. Set up schools staffed by Northern teachers. Gave aid to Black colleges such as Atlanta Gave aid to Black colleges such as Atlanta

University, Howard University, and Fisk.University, Howard University, and Fisk. Helped freed people acquire land or work with Helped freed people acquire land or work with

fair wages. fair wages.

Freedmen SchoolFreedmen School

The 13The 13thth Amendment Amendment

The U.S. ratified the The U.S. ratified the 1313thth Amendment in Amendment in December, 1865. December, 1865.

The amendment The amendment abolished slavery in all abolished slavery in all of the United States. of the United States.

Before entering the Before entering the Union, a state had to Union, a state had to denounce secession denounce secession and end slavery. and end slavery.