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Recent Highlights on Chemical Solution-
based REBaCuO Coated Conductors from
Shanghai University
Shanghai Key Laboratory for High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University
Shanghai Creative Supercond. Technol. Co. Ltd.
Chuanbing Cai (蔡传兵)
IAS Program on High Energy Physics-Accelerator Physics
HKUST, Jan. 19-20, 2017
Outline
3、Advance in Cost-effective 2G HTS Tapes in Shanghai
2、China Research & Industrialization on 2G HTS Tapes
1、Technology Roadmap for Practical HTS Materials
4、Power Application Demo in China & Material Challenge
Fundamental Challenges of HTS Application
Jc limited by weak link@GBs
Layered structure
ξab = 1.3-3.5nm;ξc= 0.2-1nm
Bi2223Bi2212 [Amrein, 94]
YBCO
Jc(J) = Jc0 * exp (-(J-4°)/2.4°) for J > 4°
Giant flux motion by thermal
fluctuation high running temperature
Low pinning potential of single vortex(~n)
HTS
LTS
B0
MTG-YBCO Single-domain
Bulks for Mag-lev Devices
MTG-YBCO Bulk
From Prof. Xu,Phys. Dept., Shanghai Uni.
Architectures for HTS Coated Conductors
Buffer:Y2O3, La2Zr2O7
c
ba
Key issues (1):biaxial texture and
epitaxial growth
Substrate:Textured Ni-W
Untextured
Ni-based Tape
HTS Layer:REBaCuO
Key issues (2):High-density
flux pinning
centers
C.Cai et al.,
PRB 69(2004)104531
Review Articles:
Cai et al, Progress in Physics (Chinese) ,4(2007)467
Cai et al, Advance in China Materials,30(2010)1
RABiTS IBAD ISD
Technology Routes:Biaxial Textured Buffer + Epitaxial HTS Film
HTS Layer Deposition via:
Buffer Layer Texture via:
Ex-situ techniques
PVD(PLD、RCE); MOD ; MOCVD
Main Groups and Techniques Applied for 2G HTS Tapes in China
Research Groups
& IndustryPartners
Buffer Layer HTS Layer
textured NiWuntextured
tape via IBADMOCVD PLD MOD
R&D
Tsinghua Uni. √ √ √Beijing Tech. Uni. √ √Northwest INM √ √
Southwest Jiaotong Uni. √ √
IEE CAS √Uni. Electr. Sci.Tech R2R √ √
Beijing GRINM R2R R2R
R & D/
Industry
Suzhou Advanced
Materials(SAMRI)R2R R2R
Shanghai Jiaotong Uni.
/SSTCR2R R2R R2R
Shanghai Uni.
/SCSCR2R R2R √ R2R
Textured Oxide Buffers on Textured or Untextured Tape via RABiTS or IBAD
Epitaxial HTS Films on Textured Oxide Buffer via MOD
HTS Coated Conductors
@Shanghai University & Spinning-off Company, SCSC
Coating &
Pyrolysis
Crystalliztion Protection
Slitting & Package
MOD-HTS Layer
Two ways for Oxide Buffer on
Textured or Untextured
SCSC:Shanghai Creative Supercond. Technol Co. Ltd
Outline
3、Advance in Cost-effective 2G HTS Tapes in Shanghai
2、China Research & Industrialization on 2G HTS Tapes
1、Technology Roadmap for 2G HTS Tapes
4、Power Application Demo and Challenge for 2G Tapes
Coating and
Low-temperature Pyrolysis
MOD-RBaCuO
High-temperature
Crystallization
Cost-effective MOD
Non-vacuum, low cost tools
Easy and accurate to modify composition
100% utilization of precursor solution
Readily scale up for wide-web process
“Dirty”films, but helpful for pinning
Independently developed pilot lines
Smart control system
In-situ quality inspection
Cost-effective Route Developed at Shanghai Uni.
& Shanghai Creative Supercond. Technol. Co.(SCSC)
11Copyright © 2003 Fair Isaac Corporation. All rights reserved.
50s
220s
On-line Observation for Texture Evolution
of Oxide Buffer on Untextured Tape
Peak pattern and intensity with
increasing deposition times
12Copyright © 2003 Fair Isaac Corporation. All rights reserved.
Characteristic
Method Developed
For in-situ Check
of Texture
(024)
Evaluation Method Developed for Texture of Oxide Buffer
Direct comparison of time dependence of
In-situ RHEED pattern and ex-situ x-ray
Phi scanning
Coating + Low temperature Pyrolysis
High-temperature Crystallization
Solution Preparation
Industrial Process for MOD-RBaCuO Coated Conductors
Oxygenation
15Copyright © 2003 Fair Isaac Corporation. All rights reserved.
To improve performance
Shorter Pyrolysis Time:
Low-fluorine; Additions such as DEA/TEA…
Less Crystallization Time:
Low ambient pressure; Fast gas flow
To increase the production rate
Increased thickness of YBCO layer
Enhanced flux pinning via doping
Improved morphology via doping
Key Issues for MOD-derived YBCO Coated Conductors
1.4-2.1μm YBCO by
single MOD coating
16Copyright © 2003 Fair Isaac Corporation. All rights reserved.
Pyrolysis time reduced to be as short as one minute using extremely low F-content solutions
Smooth and dense films obtained at a pyrolysis rate as high as 25 K/min
Dramatic Reduction For Pyrolysis Time of MOD
)(,
)(,
reactantsTf
GproductsTf
GTG
ΔG < 0, Possible reaction
ΔG = 0,Balanced reaction
ΔG > 0, Impossible reaction
17Copyright © 2003 Fair Isaac Corporation. All rights reserved.
Tc (onset) vs the c-axis parameter in
YBCO films annealed at different
temperature in flowing pure oxygen
gas (solid), and mix of nitrogen and
oxygen (open).
The relationship between XRD intensity
ratio I(006)/I(005) and the c-axis lattice
parameters responding to oxygen
content.
Potential enhancement and optimization of Tc by
preventing from happening the “over-doped”
Jiang HB, Cai CB et al., unpublished
Texture Properties for Bilayer and Triple HTS Tapes
Overseas
Level
In-plane
~4
Out-of-
plane
~2
From bilayer to
triple HTS layers
In-plane
texture
Out-plane
texture
Dynamic Measurement (77K,self field)
Ic:320~387A , Average Ic: 361A
Mean Derivation: 6.25A
Ic ≈ 368A
C3-1960
Critical Current for Typical MOD-HTS Tapes at SCSC
Inductive Measurement(77K,self field)
Ic:350~420A
Critical Current for Multiple MOD-Coating Tapes at SCSC
Ic: 350-560A
n=27-33
@
77K,Self Field
65%
78%
93%
47%
68%
84%
38%
63%
80%
2013 2014 2015
基带
缓冲层
超导层
In case of:Smooth Substrate (RMS<1nm);High-textured buffer(FWHM<7);
High HTS performance(Ic>200A-cm@77K, Self-field)
Increasing Yield Rate of HTS Tapes Produced at SCSC
24Copyright © 2003 Fair Isaac Corporation. All rights reserved.
Joint Technology Development at Shanghai Uni.
25Copyright © 2003 Fair Isaac Corporation. All rights reserved.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vo
ltag
e (
E-5
V)
Current (A)
Slope:5.85E-9
Lapping length:10cm; Solder material:Sn-Bi
4mm-width/Cu thickness ~5μm
4mm-width/Brass Lamination
12mm-width/Cu Lamination
Joint Technology Development at Shanghai Uni. & SCSC
Outline
3、Advance in Cost-effective 2G HTS Tapes in Shanghai
2、China Research & Industrialization on 2G HTS Tapes
1、Technology Roadmap for Practical HTS Materials
4、Power Application Demo in China & Material Challenges
HTS Tape Research Project
Power Application Research Project
Main Research
Projects and
Application Demo
in China
Chendu
Xian
Hefei Suzhou
HTS Tape
Manufacturer
Application
demo
上海电缆研究所 SHANGHAI ELECTRIC CABLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE2G HTS Cable System
Electrical Characteristics
- Design 35kV/2000A ~ 120MVA
Physical Characteristics
- Materials ~ 2G HTS Wire
- Length ~ 50m
- HTS Conductor Length ~13km
- Cold Dielectric Design
Hardware Deliverables
- Three ~50 m Long Phase Conductors
- Six 35kV Outdoor Terminations
2G HTS Cable Demo at Baosteel,
since Dec 2013
HTS: Enabling Power Applications, but needing improved Birr ...
0.01 0.1 1 10 1000
20
40
60
80
100
T(K
)
B(T)
Cables Fault CurrentLimiters
MotorsGenerators
MRI NMRMagnets
Fusion
Transformers
SMES
YBa2Cu3O7-x is able to push all the power applications up to the present limitsLenght, allowed cost and required performances strongly differ ( 1 km to 300 km)
X. Obradors, T. Puig, SUST 27, 044003 (2014)
Magnetic Field (T)
Cri
tica
l Cu
rre
nt
De
nsi
ty (
MA
/cm
2)
NbTi(4.2 K)Nb3Sn(4.2 K)
Epitaxial YBCO film
Polycrystalline YBCO tape
Long length Biaxial Texturing
Nanotechnology
APC-Introduced YBCO film
Magnetic Field (T)
Cri
tica
l Cu
rre
nt
De
nsi
ty (
MA
/cm
2)
NbTi(4.2 K)Nb3Sn(4.2 K)
Epitaxial YBCO film
Polycrystalline YBCO tape
Long length Biaxial Texturing
Nanotechnology
APC-Introduced YBCO film
77 K
X. Obradors, T. Puig, SUST 27, 044003 (2014)
• Grain boundaryproblem: low fieldcritical currents
• Vortex pinningproblem: highmagnetic fieldcritical currents
Nanotechnology engineering has enabled YBCO tobit LTS at all regions
Other challenges for power application of 2G HTS tapes
Various stresses in service state;
Electromagnetic force
Thermal induced stress
Bending induced stress
…
Application handling
– round, isotropic shape wanted
Cost/Perfromance
Summary
Main technology roadmaps for HTS tapes, including biaxially textured
routes for buffer, and the industrial coating techniques for HTS layers.
Research groups, and three industrial partners in China, using MOCVD,
PLD as well as MOD coating techniques respectively. Hundreds of meters
long tapes with 200-300A/cm-w at 77K achieved daily.
Recent progress for cost-effective MOD-based HTS tapes at Shanghai
Creative Supercond. Technol. Co. Ltd. , appearing promising for scaling up.
Several HTS power application demos in China, appearing promising, while
materials challenges still there.
Thank you for your attention
上创超导
SCSC
Spinning off
Shanghai
Creative
Supercond.
Technol. Co.
Ltd.(SCSC)