RDAResource Description and Access

N.S. HarinarayanaAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Library and Information ScienceUniversity of Mysore, Mysore

RDA: Resource Description and Access

• The successor to AACR2

• Released in 2010

• Primarily web-based (RDA Toolkit), but also in but also in print form at a later stage– Text is not read in a linear fashion

– Text is repeated whenever needed to support Hyperlink

• Based on concepts from FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)

RDA: Who is responsible?

• Joint Steering Committee (JSC)– American Library Association (ALA)

– Australian Committee on Cataloguing (ACOC)

– British Library (BL)

– Canadian Committee on Cataloguing (CCC)

– Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP)

– Library of Congress (LC)

• Assisted by JSC Secretary and RDA Project

Manager

• JSC reports to the Committee of Principals (CoP)

RDA Acronyms

• FRBR– Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

• FRAD– Functional Requirements for Authority Data

• FRSAR– Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records

• ISBD– International Standard Bibliographic Description

Adopting RDA

• Who is RDA for?– Libraries

– Metadata community

• Museums, archives, educators, publishers• Dublin Core compatibility

• What about training?– NLA will be working with various training agencies in Australia to

make the materials available and accessible to all users

New standard : why?

• Simplify rules – Encourage use as a content standard for metadata schema

– Encourage international applicability

• Goes past AACR2 in cataloguing digital resources– Flexibility to accommodate newly emerging resources

• Support flexible catalogues– It’s about recording data, not the presentation of this data

• Provide more consistency– Rules will be applied independent of any particular syntax or structure

New standard : why? – cont.

• Emphasis on helping users by providing information– they need to find, identify, select and obtain

information resources

• Recognizes that libraries now operate in a digital web based environment.

• Support integration of library catalogue records with those produced by other metadata communities.

New standard : why? – cont.

• Address current problems

• Principle-based– To build cataloguer’s judgment– Encourage application of FRBR/FRAD

BASIC CONCEPTS: Entity, Attribute, Relationship

WHAT IS ENTITY?

• Person

WHAT IS ENTITY?

• Place

WHAT IS ENTITY?

• Object

WHAT IS ENTITY?

• Event

ATTRIBUTES

Student

Name Address Class Roll number Percentage

Descriptive properties possessed by Descriptive properties possessed by each member of an entity set.each member of an entity set.

ENTITY SET/TYPE:

Student A Student B Student C Student D

ENTITY SET : STUDENT

Set of entities of the same type that Set of entities of the same type that share the same attributes. share the same attributes.

STUDENT A STUDENT B STUDENT C STUDENT D

Mr. A Mr.DMr. CMr. B

ENTITY SET : STUDENT

ENTITY SET : TEACHER

What is relationship?

Meaningful association among Meaningful association among several entities.several entities.

RELATIONSHIP SET/TYPE:

A set of relationships of the same A set of relationships of the same type.type.

Student A

Student C

Student B

Mr. C

Mr. B

Mr. A

ENTITY SET : STUDENT ENTITY SET : TEACHER

RELATIONSHIP SET : SUBJECT

DEGREE OF RELATIONSHIP SET

The number of entity sets that The number of entity sets that participate in a relationship set.participate in a relationship set.

Student A

Student C

Student B

Mr. C

Mr. B

Mr. A

ENTITY SET : STUDENT ENTITY SET : TEACHER

RELATIONSHIP SET : SUBJECT

TYPES OF ATTRIBUTES

• Single and composite:

1. roll number is an example of single attribute as it can not be divided further.

2. Name can be divided further into 3 parts consisting of first name , middle name , last name so it is an example of composite attribute.

TYPES OF ATTRIBUTES

• Single valued and multivalued:

1. The attributes which have single value are single valued attributes such roll number.

2. The attributes which has a set of values are called multivalued attributes. Such as any student can have more than 1 telephone number .

TYPES OF ATTRIBUTES

• Derived attribute:

–These attributes are derived from the existing attributes of entities.

–The value of a derived attribute is not stored , but computed when required.

Student

Name Address Class Roll number Date-of-birth

TYPES OF ATTRIBUTES

• Descriptive attribute:

–The attribute of the relationship is called descriptive attribute.

Cardinality

• One to many

• Many to one

• One to one

• Many to many

It expresses the number of entities to which It expresses the number of entities to which another entity can be associated via a relationship another entity can be associated via a relationship set.set.

ONE TO MANY

A B

a1

a4

a2

a3

b4

b3

b2

b1

MANY TO ONE

b2

a1

a2

a5 b3

b2

b1

a3

a4

A B

ONE TO ONE

a1

a2

a3

a4 b4

b3

b2

b1

A B

MANY TO MANY

a1

a3

a2

b4

b3

b2

b1

a4

A B

Key FRBR concepts

• An entity relationship model• FRBR Group 1 entities:

• Work • Expression• Manifestation• Item

• FRBR Group 2 entities:• Persons, corporate bodies

• FRBR user tasks:• Find, Identify, Select, Obtain

WorkWork

ExpressionExpression

ManifestationManifestation

ItemItem

is exemplified byone

many

is embodied in

FRBR Entity Relationships

is realized through

Based on the slide by Barbara Tillett, LCSlide by Barbara Tillett, LC

Work

Videorecording of the text

Print version

Abridged edition version DVD

Copies owned by the library

Language edition of the text

Online version

Is created by Person or Corporate body

Is realized by Person orCorporate body

is produced by Person or Corporate body

FRBR Entity Relationships

Videocassette

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Group 1 entities

The “idea” of The Lord of the Rings:e.g., the novel; the “movie”; the score.

The embodiment of The Lord of the Rings: e.g. CD audio book ISBN-13: 978-0007141326 ; or Audio Cassette  ISBN 0007127448

An exemplar of a manifestation of, “The Lord of the Rings”, e.g.: My copy!.

The realisation of The Lord of the Rings in one or more modes of expression: e.g. “English text”, “French translation”, “performance”, the director’s cut.

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Slide by Alan Danskin, British Library

• Collocation– Better organization of the catalogue

• Easier cataloging– The ability to customize rules to suit a specific type of material. RDA will make it

easier to identify basic instructions and ignore detailed instructions that are

required for a more complex level of description

– The ability to retrieve rules for unfamiliar formats and save them as a workflow

– The ability to add users’ notes online and integrate rule interpretations and any

institution policies

FRBR Benefits

• Reduction in cataloging load

– Work only catalogued once for all expressions of it – Expression only cataloged once for all manifestations of it– Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same

• Circulation– Place holds at Work or Expression level rather than only

at Manifestation level

FRBR Benefits

Critical Differences (Changes) Between AACR2 and RDA

• Level of description– Comprehensive description

– Analytical description

– Multilevel description

• Structure

• GMD/SMD [content: carrier or the physical format]– Includes the carrier and type of media

• Music CD might be displayed as [music recording: CD audio], and• Videocassette might be displayed as [moving image: video VHS]• Map or Atlas on CD-ROM might be displayed as [cartographic resource: digital]

– Global edit and replace function will be able to map the existing GMD to its new value in the new field

Critical Differences (Changes) Between AACR2 and RDA – cont.

• Punctuation – punctuation not integral

BUT– Can be mapped to existing MARC punctuation or any other Schema used

(such as Dublin Core, .HTML, etc.)– Retrospective cataloguing is not required as there will be no significant

changes

• Compatible with AACR2– Instructions are not different but grouped and presented differently– Retrospective adjustment will be minimal – only where rules on

access point creation have changed

• Terminology

Further Changes: Rules for Access Points

• Few abbreviations will be used in RDA– Bible. O.T. – After RDA: Bible. Old Testament

– Bible. O.T. Job – After RDA: Bible. Job

• Rule of three

• Selections

• Lacking collective title

New Terminology

AACR2 termsHeading

Authorized heading

Main Entry

Added Entry

Authority control

Uniform title

RDA termsAccess point

Preferred Access point

Primary Access point

Secondary Access point

Access point control

Preferred title

Name of the work (to include name of creator when applicable)

Mandatory Elements of Description• Title

• Statement of responsibility

• Edition

• Numbering

• Publisher, etc.

• Date of Publication

• Title proper of series

• Numbering within series

• Resource identifier

• Form of carrier

• Extent

• Scale of cartographic content

• Coordinates of cartographic content

RDA & MARC21

• AACR2 and MARC 21 are two different standards designed for two different purposes.

• AACR2 is largely a content and display standard while MARC 21 is an encoding standard.

• RDA will contain guidelines for choosing and recording data to include in bibliographic and authority records.

• MARC 21 is one possible schema for encoding records created using RDA, but it will also be possible to encode records created using RDA in other schemas, such as MODS or Dublin Core.

Examples

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone / J.K. Rowling. WORK

• Language material – English EXPRESSION

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone / J. K. Rowling. London : Bloomsbury, 1999 MANIFESTATION

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone / J. K. Rowling. London : Bloomsbury, 2000. Edition: Abridged ed. MANIFESTATION

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone / J. K. Rowling. London : Church House Publishing, 2007. Edition: Large print ed. MANIFESTATION

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [Online] MANIFESTATION

Examples

• Sound recording EXPRESSION

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [Audiocassette] MANIFESTATION

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [CD audio] MANIFESTATION

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone - the movie WORK

• Videorecording EXPRESSION

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [DVD] MANIFESTATION

• Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone [VHS] MANIFESTATION

RDA Structure (Content)

• Part one: Recording attributes of entities

• Part two: Recording relationships between entities

Attributes of Entities

• Sect. 1. Recording attributes of

manifestation and item

• Sect. 2. Recording attributes of work

and expression

• Sect. 3. Recording attributes of person,

family, and corporate body

• Sect. 4. Recording attributes of concept, object, event and place

Relationships between entities

- Internal relationships

• Sect. 5 – Primary relationships between a

work/expressions/manifestations/items

• Sect. 6 – Relationships to persons, families or

corporate bodies

• Sect. 7 – Subject relationships

Relationships between entities

- External relationships• Sect. 8 – Relationships between different works,

expressions, manifestations and items• Sect. 9 – Relationships between different persons,

families, corporate bodies • Sect. 10 –Relationships between concepts,

objects, events and places

Online tool: The RDA Toolkit

• Browse, search, display

• Links within and beyond RDA

• Annotations and bookmarks

• Updates

• Profiles – persistent settings

• Views - e.g. core elements

• Workflows – step-by-step processes

References

• http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/rda.html

• http://presentations.ala.org/images/9/9a/

RDAForumPresentation_Naught.ppt

• http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/docs/

iflasatellite-20080808-gatenby.pdf

• http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/docs/

iflasatellite-20080808-kiorgaard.pdf

References• http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/rda.html

• http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/docs/iflasatellite-20080808-tillett.pdf

• http://www.loc.gov/cds/FRBR.html

• http://www.nla.gov.au/lis/stndrds/grps/acoc/documents/PuttingRDAintocontextPart1FRBR.ppt#256,1,Putting RDA: Resource Description and Access into context 1. FRBR: Functional requirements for bibliographic records