Pride Campaign Project “To protect and to preserve coral reef ecosystem

In Raja Ampat Islands”

Final Report

Submitted By Muhammad G. Korebima

(September 2006 – June 2008)

Contents Page Chapter I.............................................................................................................................. 3 Site Background.................................................................................................................. 3

Introduction................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 2........................................................................................................................... 10 Site Assessment ................................................................................................................ 10 Chapter 3........................................................................................................................... 21 Flagship Species - Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris).............................................. 21 Chapter 4........................................................................................................................... 22 Pride Campaign Materials and Activities ......................................................................... 22 Chapter 5........................................................................................................................... 30

The Results............................................................................................................... 30 Objective (1) ............................................................................................................ 31 Objective (2): ........................................................................................................... 34 Objective (3): ........................................................................................................... 36 Objective (4): ........................................................................................................... 41

Chapter 6........................................................................................................................... 44 Critical Review ........................................................................................................ 44

Chapter 7........................................................................................................................... 52 Recommendations.................................................................................................... 52

References......................................................................................................................... 53 Acknowledgements........................................................................................................... 54 Appendix A....................................................................................................................... 56

Chapter I

Site Background

Introduction Raja Ampat Islands, located in the Northwest coast of Papua, is an area of outstanding biological diversity and stunning marine and terrestrial habitats. It is also situated near the heart of the coral triangle, an area encompassing northern Australia, The Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. This area is known for having some ofthe highest coral diversity on earth. A Rapid Ecological Assessment conducted by The Nature Conservancy Southeast Asias Centre for Marine Protected Areas (TNC SEACMPA, 2002) in 2002 found that at least 1074 reef fish species live in this area and that there are 537 hard coral species which correspond to 75% of all hard coral species found in the world. It was also found that there are 41 species of soft coral in the area (out of 90 soft coral species recognized in the world). This archipelago also contains large rockeries of endangered turtle. Raja Ampat island encompasses over four million hectares of land and sea. This area includes the four big islands of Salawati, Batanta, Misool and Waigeo and hundreds of small islands scattered in Bird’s head of Papua Island (see picture 1 below).

Picture 1: Map of Raja Ampat Islands

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Comment [A1]: This is already very good information. I was just wondering whether you can add any information on how many species are endemic and or any species that are particularly threatened and listed in the IUCN Red List

Geographical and Geological status Oceanographically and bio-geographically, Raja Ampat islands lie in a region that is on the western border of the equatorial Pacific Ocean and at the northeastern entrance of the Indonesian through flow from the Pacific to Indian Ocean. The vast majority of archipelago rests on one of two continental shelf areas separated by the narrow Sagewin Strait. The presence of the continental shelf edge creates a strong gradient from clear water, to wave-washed open oceanic conditions, to sheltered turbid bays. Geologically, most Raja Ampat Islands formed through lifting of ocean bottom surface occurring millions of year ago. The islands consist of lime tones which, are scattered from the northern to the eastern part of Raja Ampat. Only Salawati Island has has different geological characteristics from the other islands in Raja Ampat. This is because it formed through separation from the Papua Island. (TNC SEACMPA, 2002). Meteorological and Geophysical status Because of its position on the equatorial line, Raja Ampat receives sunshine all year. Temperatures in this area are quite stable ranging from maximum temperatures of 30. 8ºC to minimum ones of 23, 2ºC. There are only two seasons in Raja Ampat, the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season lasts from October to March with the average rain shower being 164mm/year and the dry season lasting from May to September. The annual sunlight exposure is 55.3% . The minimum ground wind speed average is 5 knot and the maximum ground wind speed average is 18 knot. Villages, Population and Infrastructure Raja Ampat District has 13 sub districts that consist of 88 villages scattered from northern part to southern part of Raja Ampat Islands. Generally, villages in Raja Ampat are located along coastline of island whether in small or big islands. Those villages mostly are very small with the average population per villages around 100 households or about people. In addition, local people have habit to develop their village in small island while big island are used for establish their farm (TNC REA, 2001). The reason why they prefer to establish villages in Small Island is because most of them still depend on farming beside marine resources. Big island will provide wide area to expand their farming and its land more fertile. As an islands District, marine transportation plays vital role for Raja Ampat community. Community mobility from one village to other villages mostly uses marine transportation equipments from very traditional one to modern one. It is from traditional boat to modern speedboat or ship. Since Raja Ampat District is a new district, regular transportation is not available yet. Mobility of local community in Raja Ampat is mostly by traditional boat. Since 2004 Local government has tried to offer regular transportation by running 3 ships to connect

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villages in Raja Ampat Islands but because of financial problem they can only serve some villages regularly especially in northern part. This has triggered the emergence of high cost in many sectors mainly price of goods and fuel especially gas and kerosene. The price of goods and fuel in Raja Ampat district can reach twice to three times the price of neighboring district. The price of goods and fuel will be very expensive during the windy season because at this time only a few boats or ships operate. Road or street infrastructures are only available within villages. There are no roads or streets that connect village to village. Although there 2 or three villages located in same island but they are isolated each other from land transportation. Construction of that road is made from cement. Electricity is only available in sub district capital especially in old sub district. While in new sub district electric facility is not yet available. However, most of infrastructures in sub district capital do not work properly. Government does not provide electric power in villages. The Electric facility in villages is owned by a few local people. They operate small generator sets that only generate small amounts of power consumed by their own house or shared with their neighbor. Since the price of small generator sets and fuel are quite expensive, only a few local people in village can afford it. Standard of health condition in Raja Ampat District is very low. This is because health infrastructure is very poor. Public health service is only available in sub district capital. However, this public health service facility is very poor and minimal. There are no doctors available in every public health service. It also has very limited paramedic staff as well as with medicine supply. Actually, every village has a paramedic but they are not always available in the village. Further, medicine supply for every village and public health service is very limited. In addition, there is only one doctor available for whole Raja Ampat district. Under special circumstance such as epidemic situation, local communities count on traditional medicine or herbal. They also have traditional healer to assist local community especially toward maternity. Based on TNC-CTC survey on perception and monitoring and Coastal Rural Appraisal (TNC-CTC 2004, 2005, and 2006), level of education in Raja Ampat is very low. Most local community only reach primary school (80%). Only 5% can get university degree. Socio economic characteristic Land tenure issues in relation to access and management of resources in Raja Ampat are similar to the practice of many indigenous communities in Papua, Melanesia and the wider Pacific. As is the case in the pacific, which has experienced various waves of transmigration over the millennia, new arrivals have limited rights of access to natural resources. Subsystem fishing and harvesting is always free to everyone. Decisions regarding pattern of resources use, including seasonal closure of fishing areas or taboos on the harvest of

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certain species, are made by the clan hierarchy and must be adhered to by all that reside in, or transit through, an area that is subject to custom ownership and management. Activities of a commercial nature must be approved by the clan hierarchy and this might entail some form of compensation should permission be granted. There are three main clan in Raja Ampat. Ma’ya clan mostly live in Waigeo island, Matbat clan live in Misool Island, Kalanafat clan live in Misool and small islands around it, while Beteuw clan live in Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati and some small islands around four big islands in Raja Ampat. Continuity of residence and association with a particular area and its people through generations is at the root of the allocation of the access rights. Intermarriage of various forms of patrilineal and customary ownership of resources is evolutionary phenomenon. It is adaptable by necessity, but like other forms of property rights structure, it must be adequately enforced. Here are some characteristics tenure rights and cultural regulations governing resources use in Raja Ampat: a. Resources are owned communally rather than individually. b. Access rights granted to third parties are conditional and non-permanent. c. The granting of access rights to resources requires community consensus but

the final decision rests with the customary head of the clan. d. The concept of “right to use but not to own” was becoming more popular

among the indigenous people of Raja Ampat. This is likely a response to increasing population and commercial activity threatening long-standing status quo.

e. Raja Ampat communities recognize and respect traditional ownership of natural resources and the concomitant right of access to those resources.

f. Raja Ampat communities expect reciprocity to be practiced when resources are exploited.

It must be noted that the system of custom tenure and access rights to natural resources is strong from the community viewpoint, expressed particularly by older members of the community. However, some younger people reject the limitations on resources exploitation imposed by customary measures design for moderation. This is exacerbated by the disregard for customary rights exhibited by people who come from outside Raja Ampat to exploit resources without permission or compensation with complicity from figure of authority. Main livelihood and incomes Raja Ampat community depends on three kinds of resources for livelihood. Most of communities in Raja Ampat community work in fisheries and farming sector for food and livelihood. Based on perception and monitoring survey carried out in 2005, most of Raja Ampat communities depend on fisheries as well as farming (53.3%). As can be seen in table 1 below, community that depends on pure

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fisheries is 7, 5% while other depends on various livelihoods such as civil servant, trader, etc (TNC-CTC Perception and Monitoring Report, 2005). The average income of Raja Ampat community is Rp 300.000 to Rp 1.500.000 per month or equal with $28.00 to $150.00 per month. This is very low if compared with other area in Indonesia especially from western part of Indonesia.

Table 1: People’s main livelihood in Raja Ampat (insert reference here too)

Livelihood Percentage (%) Sailor 0.8 Labour 0.2 Fishermen 7.5 Trader/enterpreneur 2.8 Private officer 15.0 Civil servant 0.5 Farmer and Fishermen 53.3 Carpenter 0.3 Unemployment 19.5

Main threats toward marine biodiversity As an area that is very rich with marine resources especially its fisheries, many parties are interested to invest and exploit it resources. For along time Raja Ampat is fishing ground of many fishing boats from various fishing companies. Although this is legal activity but the amount of fishing boat is increase year by year. Consequently, over fishing is become one of major threats in this area. Some illegal fishing also is practiced here by local people and outsiders such as bomb and poison fishing. Poison fishing is triggered by the high demand on live fish (TNC REA, 2001). Those two illegal fishing practices are having a bad impact on the coral reef ecosystem. They have increased dead coral coverage and decreased amount of reef fish population. Another main threat is over harvesting of marine species such as trochus, sea cucumber, lobster, green turtle, dugong, and other high economic species TNC, REA, 2001). While coral and sand mining are also threat practiced by local community in Raja Ampat. This activity is not carried out for economic purposes. Local communities do that activity to meet domestic needs only. Although farming especially coconut plantation is one of the main sources of livelihood of Raja Ampat’s community, it does not have a significant effect on coral reef damages. Most coconut plantation have existed there for a long time. Other plantation such as cocoa is very new and only a few people plant it and they do not plant in massive scale.

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Conservation efforts Since Raja Ampat became famous for its marine biodiversity, some international and local non government organizations have started to carry out conservation activities to protect and preserve its biodiversity. After conducting Rapid Ecological Assessment in 2001, TNC has paid a lot of attention to this area. Together with Conservation International, WWF and various stake holders and local government, TNC is committed to in partnership to protect and preserve this stunning area. TNC and CI have been working closely with the Raja Ampat government and have established 7 Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in Raja Ampat. These protected areas will be linked to each other through an MPA Network in Bird’s Head of Papua Islands. While WWF and Konpers, a local NGO, work to protect turtle and its habitat other local NGOs focus on community development.

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Chapter 2

Site Assessment Summary of Stakeholders Meeting Resolving issues together with the community can help to gain not only ownership of the project by the community but also facilitate the exchange of knowledge. This is very important since one factor that can promote behavior change is critical consciousness of the target audience. If they are aware that their precious resources are threatened or if they perceive that their current or future life are prone to plunging into hardship then they are more likely to change behavior. The next step is then bringing all key stakeholders together in a workshop to talk about the same issue. However, prior to having the workshop, the important step is to have right persons who represent interests, needs and issues of the entire communities in Raja Ampat, This is not an easy job, in particular knowing that there are so many ethnic groups and so many interests. Therefore initial meeting was conducted. The aim of this initial meeting with key stake holders is to find out about their perception and opinion about issues that will be brought in first stake holders meeting. Meeting is carried out formally. Discussion with every stake holder is carried out separately. By doing this meeting with every stake holder separately, they will be more free to express what they perception about the topic of discussion and will not influenced by other stake holders. Those participants attending in initial meeting mostly will be invited to attend in first stake holder meeting. Stake holders invited in this initial meeting will be chosen based on their relation with conservation activities and level of engagement and influence toward target condition (Please see Appendix A for Stakeholders Matrix Analysis) Survey Plan for Pride Campaign Program in Raja Ampat

Objective This survey is to collect qualitative and quantitative information from community in Targeted area about their knowledge, perception, and attitude. This information will be used to decide which program or activities implemented to change knowledge, perception and attitude. By the end of the Pride Campaign

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program it will be known the degree of changing. This kind of survey will be repeated at the end of program to compare level of behavioral change. Survey will be conducted in 10 villages in three sub district in Raja Ampat. Survey will be done through interview by using questionnaire. Total respondent in those area are 379. This represents 4.5% of the total population of 8535 (see detailed information further down) The number of respondent that were covered in every village were based on each village’s respective total population. Questionnaires consist of some groups of question. For example, group of question about demography, information resources, media preferences, knowledge on coral reef and fishing practice, perception on destructive fishing practice, coral reef condition etc. Survey will be carried out for 14 days that involve local enumerator from every targeted village. There are at least 3 enumerators per village. There are 379 questionnaires that will be spread out based on quota sample per village. Enumerator for this survey will come from targeted villages. Survey will be conducted early April. Population Based on latest population data, total population of Raja Ampat district is 30.439 people. Those populations is scattered from northern to southern Raja Ampat Islands that encompasses 9.8 million hectares. Most of Raja Ampat population works at fisheries and farming sectors include population in targeted survey villages. They live in a few islands of from total 610 islands. This survey will targeted 3 sub districts in mid and south Raja Ampat namely Kofiau, East Misool and South Misool Sub District. The reason to choose only three sub districts because Raja Ampat has quite wide area and the transportation is one of the main problems in this survey. It is very expensive if we decide to cover each part. Although only three sub district will be chosen as population target but technically they can represent total population and other socio cultural aspects of Raja Ampat regency. There are 17 villages in those three sub district. Total population of those three sub districts is 8535 people.

Table 2: Distribution of population per village in Kofiau sub district

Sub District Village Population Kofiau 1. Deer 834 2. Dibalal 779 3. Toloby 557 Total 2170

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Comment [A3]: This section should go into site description. Then the section below can go under the survey info

Table 3: Distribution of population per village in East Misool sub district

Sub District

Village Population

East Misool 1. Folley 448 2. Tomolol 406 3. Usaha Jaya 211 4. Satu Korano 180 5. Wejim 995 6. Lenmalas 544 Total 2784

Table 4: Distribution of population per village in South Misool sub district

Sub District Village Population South Misool 1. Harapan Jaya 370 2. Yellu 1263 3. Fafanlap 725 4. Lilinta 493 5. Kapacol 154 6. Biga 342 7. Magey 125 8. Gamta 109 Total 3581

Sampling As I mention above, Sampling for survey will be drawn proportionally based on population per each sub district. In East we will carry out survey in 6 villages while South Misool we will carry out survey in 8 villages per sub district as target of survey. Distribution sampling of Kofiau, East and South Misool sub district

To obtain sampling in those three areas we use 95% as level of confidence (LOC) and 5% as confidence interval. We then get 379 as total sampling three sub districts. Follow are sampling distribution for Kofiau sub district:

Table 5: Distribution of sampling/respondent per village in Kofiau sub district

Village Total

Population of Village

Sampling distribution per village

Rounding off of

figures Deer 834 834/8535 X 379

= 37,03 37

Dibalal 779 779/8535 X 379 = 34,59

35

Toloby 557 557/8535 X 379 = 24,73

25

Table 6: Distribution of sampling/respondent per village in East Misool sub district

Village Total

Population of village

Sampling distribution per village

Rounding off of

figures Folley 448 448/8535 X 379

= 19,89 20

Tomolol 406 406/8535 X 379 = 18,02

18

Usaha Jaya 211 211/8535 X 379 = 9,36

9

Satu Korano 180 180/8535 X 379 = 7,99

8

Wejim 995 995/8535 X 379 = 44,18

44

Lenmalas 544 544/8535 X 379 = 24,15

24

Table 7: Distribution of sampling/respondent per village in South Misool sub district

Village Total

population of village

Sampling distribution per village

Rounding off of

figures Harapan Jaya 370 370/8535 X 379

= 16,42 16

Yellu 1263 1263/8535 X 379 = 56,08

56

Fafanlap 725 725/8535 X 379 = 32,19

32

Lilinta 493 493/8535 X 379 = 21,89

22

Biga 342 342/8535 X 379 = 15,18

15

Kapacol 154 154/8535 X 379 = 6,83

7

Magey 125 125/8535 X 379 = 5,55

6

Gamta 109 109/8535 X 379 = 4,84

5

Total respondent 379 There are two villages that were chosen as control villages namely Samate and Jefmann villages. These two villages are located quite far from the targeted villages. Jefman village has total population is 690 while Samate village has total population is 412. By using calculation system like other targeted villages above, we then obtain 31 respondents for Jefman villages and 18 respondents for Samate village. Interviewer and survey process Data collection was carried out by local people in targeted villages. The number of interviewers was different for every village depending on number of respondent required. For example, villages that only had less then 10 respondents were interviewed by 3 interviewers from that village. However, he or

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she were assisted by our conservation cadres. Before interviewer conduct survey, they got training on location. The reason why we conduct training in every targeted village is because it can be done simultaneously with survey process. Economically, this is cheaper than conduct training for interviewer separately. Note: Since we did not carry out survey in whole Raja Ampat regency, the method to draw sampling that we use is cluster sampling. By using this technique the amount drawn will represent whole Raja Ampat population. There are some reasons why this survey only covers 3 sub districts in Raja Ampat. First, Raja ampat area is quite wide. It encompasses 9, 8 million hectares land and water. Consequently, it will effect on the availability of budget. Second, villages in Raja Ampat regency are scattered from northern to southern part of Raja Ampat islands. This is big challenge for us to reach them. Third, the population of each village is mostly less than 500 people. Therefore, it difficult to obtain villages that is quite dense. In addition, the condition of weather is one of big conundrum for survey process.

Picture 2: Map of Raja Ampat Islands

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Picture 3: Map of Kofiau Sub-district

Picture 4: Map of Southeast Misool Sub-district

Concept Model

Concept model for coral reef preserving campaign in Raja Ampat Islands

Condition of coral reef

Destructive fishing practices

Marine Pollution

Coral reef extraction and coral mining

Sedimentation

Beach reclamation and development

Crown of Torn fish

Marine tourism activities

Global Warming

Over extraction of Triton snail

Economic need

Land clearing

Deforestation mangrove

Population explosion

Regulation on coral reef protection

Regulation on fishing devices

No alternative livelihood

Lack of awareness

Market demand

Subsistence need

Housing need

Lack of Law enforcement

Land for farming need

Firewood and housing material

Poverty Lack of Job opportunity

Market price

Regulation on marine tourism

Lack of Knowledge and information

Knowledge of family planning

Economic crisis

Government policy

Price of fuel

Industrialization

Life fish trade regulation

Coral bleaching

Education system

Easy to get bomb and poisonous materials

Stability of market

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Concept Model Narrative Raja Ampat Island, known as the Bull’s Eye of world coral triangle, is famous for its richness of marine biodiversity. Most of the local community depends on marine resources in coral reef and the surrounding areas. This concept model describes the coral reef condition in Raja Ampat as a major target, and some of direct and indirect factors that influence it, besides other important contributing factors. As a major target in Raja Ampat Island, Coral reef condition is influenced by 8 direct factors namely, marine tourism activities, coral reef extraction and coral mining, marine pollution, destructive fishing practices, sedimentation, beach reclamation and development, Crown of Torn Starfish, and coral bleaching. These factors affect coral reef condition directly, such as coral health, coral coverage, and coral abundant that lead to biodiversity resources and are explained further below: 1. Marine tourism activities such as diving, snorkeling and anchor of live board or speedboat can cause damage on coral reef. Lacking of knowledge on the right procedures of diving and snorkeling, tourists usually step the coral reef, while speedboat or live aboard sometimes anchorage their boat in coral reef areas. These types of incidents keep happening mainly because of no regulation on marine tourism in Raja Ampat yet. 2. Coral reef extraction and coral mining is one of the main activities carried out by local community in Raja Ampat. This activity is driven by economic need since lots of local community still live in poverty. Lack of job opportunity and no regulation on coral reef protection, place this activity as the only alternative livelihood. Therefore, poverty is one of the indirect factors and government policy as the contributing factor. 3. The practices of destructive fishing in most of Raja Ampat coral reef areas have been on going for a long time. Some of the destructive fishing practices are poisonous fishing, cyanide fishing, trawl, fish trap, and over fishing. This direct factor is also influenced by the factors mentioned above, the economic need and unclear government regulation on coral reef protection, besides lack of awareness. Inadequate education and the weakness of law enforcement have increased the practices of destructive fishing committed by the community. They can easily get bomb and chemical materials for destructive fishing activities. 4. Since the progress in some part of Raja Ampat Island is quite fast, reclamation and development for settlement become a big problem for coral reef ecosystem in coastal areas. The demand of houses increases significantly, due to the explosion of population. The increasing of population here is contributed by lack of knowledge about family planning and migration. 5. Sedimentation becomes the threat for coral reefs because it can damage coral ecosystem by covering coral reef habitat. Land clearing and deforestation mangrove have sped up the sedimentation process. These two activities are

caused by fire wood and to accommodate the demand for housing material and land for farming and logging. Since the global price of fuel increases, which affects the local price, many local community used mangrove wood as firewood for alternative fuel. These demands increase in linear with population explosion. 6. Because of its position, Raja Ampat area is quite busy with lines activities. Many ships and boats passes it and most of them throw the garbage and oil in sea around Raja Ampat. This pollution can paralyze the coral reef ecosystem. This activity still lasts until now because there is no local regulation for coral reef protection and lack of consciousness on the important of marine ecology for fisheries and biodiversity. 7. Coral reef, naturally, has enemies such as parrot fish and Crown of Torn starfish (CoT). Population of coral reef enemy like CoT very depend on its predator namely triton snail. In Raja Ampat, the local community who live around coral reef areas consume triton as subsistence need. Although it was harvested only for subsistence need, it threats the population of triton snail due to over harvesting and consequently, CoT looses their predator. As a result, CoT population increases significantly and the amount of death coral caused by CoT increase as well because it is preyed by CoT. 8. Although condition of coral reef in Raja Ampat is quite resilience toward coral bleaching, globing warming is also still big threat for coral reef condition in Raja Ampat. Global warming as we know is the effect of industrialization that very depends on fuel from fossil. (Please find Appendix B for Final Concept Model Diagram).

Chapter 3

Flagship Species

Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris) Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Subphylum : Vertebrate Class : Mammalia Order : Cetacea Family : Delphinidae Genus : Tursiops Species : T. Truncatus

Picture 5: Spinner Dolphin

source: www.whalecoastoman.com/images/spinner1.jpg

Spinner dolphin is one of many marine mammals that very commonly found in Raja Ampat. It is very famous with its jumping and spinning in the air. The color of spinner dolphin is combination of grey and dark grey. It has long and thin beak especially once we compare with other dolphin species. Like other dolphin and whale, spinner dolphin also has dorsal fin that functions as stabilizer whenever

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they perform rolling maneuver and a sudden turn. Adults have varied in size from 129cm to 235cm and weight from 23kg-78kg. The gestation period is 10 months. Individuals reach maturity at 4-7 years (females) and 7-10 years (females). Longevity is unknown. Spinners congregate in groups that vary from just a few dolphins to great schools numbering in the thousands. They are constantly acrobatic and keen bow-riders. The reason for the creature's spinning is not known. One suggestion is that the great cauldron of bubbles created on exit and re-entry make act as a target for echolocation by other individuals in the school. It may also be simply play-acting. Individuals have been spotted completing at least 14 spinning jumps in quick succession (retrieved from: http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Spinner:Dolphin.htm, 27 June 2008). Local community in Raja Ampat regards it as unique species. They are very respect to this species because they believe that it will help them if their in trouble in the sea. For local people even it is taboo to catch or kill spinner dolphin. If someone catch or kill this species, local people especially fishermen will face trouble in the sea. Some people even trust that spinner dolphin has connection with human being. Fishermen usually relate this species to the amount of fish that exist in their area. They believe that if lot of spinner dolphin present in their area which mean a lot of fish aggregate in their area. The more spinner dolphin play in their area the more fish can be caught by them. Although this is not an endemic and endangered species but it is threatened by destructive and unsustainable fish catching especially by catching. The using of long line hook and trawl is the main threatening for this species. Perhaps you could add a bit on why you chose it (insert pie chart) and any other considerations. Is there an indirect link between the spinner dolphin and the coral reef? If yes please say what it is. If not please say why you chose it anyway

Chapter 4

Pride Campaign Materials and Activities Factsheet The aim of producing a fact sheet was to provide the local community with a brief document with information on: 1) Raja Ampat and its marine richness, 2) Existed Marine Protected Areas in Raja Ampat, 3) Threats against Raja Ampat marine

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areas and, 5) what local community can do to protect their marine and its coral reef ecosystem. The cover of factsheet is a picture of three dolphins accompanying with seven other pictures, which are Raja Ampat and MPAs maps, healthy and unhealthy coral reefs caused by destructive fishing (bomb and poison), and fishermen. One thousand of factsheet was produced and distributed to all targeted villages. The distribution process took place during community visits and community events starting from December 2007 to May 2008. Most of the targeted community finds it very attractive because it is well designed (dominated by clear blue and purple), easy to read, with its concise messages. Additionally, many of them find it very useful information and it is indeed specially produced for them. Bumper Sticker The purpose to produce bumper sticker is to promote the slogan “Terumbu Karang Kitorang Punya, Terumbu Karang Kitorang Jaga” or “We Protect Our Coral Reefs”. The bumper sticker is also a logo of Pride Campaign, a print painted of spinner dolphin in action (flagship) accompanied with other small fish playing around healthy coral reefs. These bumper stickers were distributed for school age children, fishermen, local leaders and communities in general. Most of them stick it on their houses, such as wall, door, and on their boat as well. They really like the design. Because of its nature, which is very simple both in size and message, bumper sticker is very effective to promote the slogan and logo of Pride Campaign but not the key message, “We know healthy coral reefs will give abundant fish for our future generation. Bomb and poison can destroy our coral reefs, threaten our life”. Similar to factsheet, one thousands of bumper stickers were printed and the distribution process took place during community visits and community events. Poster Poster was also used as media of pride campaign. Because of its bigger size than factsheet and bumper sticker, the poster can deliver the key messages, promote slogan, and introduce flagship effectively. Its size catches audiences’ attention as well. By working together with art Design Company, we draft the poster and test it in the targeted areas. Test conducted through focus group discussion. Participants in this FGD were asked about the design, color, message, picture etc. After obtaining input from the local community, I then print the draft and asked the community opinion about the draft. Once they like its design then I decide to print and distribute it. There are 2000 pieces of poster was printed and distributed in all targeted areas. To distribute this poster, I do it piggy back with other activities such as community meeting, school visit, community events, puppet show, etc. To raise local community awareness in term of how important coral reef ecosystem for their life, the poster has been quite effective to deliver key message, and slogan.

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Badge Similar to bumper sticker, badge is produce to promote the slogan but the badge the size is smaller than bumper sticker. It is not difficult to design this material because I just pick up the logo of my pride campaign. 1000 pieces of badge was produced and distributed during pride campaign activities such as school visit, puppet show, community meeting and community events. Most of the badge was distributed to school age children. They are very proud to put it on their clothes, bag, and cap. This is very effective to remind targeted audience especially children about pride campaign slogan. Usually, this badge serves as a gift for them who can answer questions about marine life or environment subject during community or school events. Cap Similar to other campaign products, cap has catched audience’s attention to the message of campaign. Since this cap is limitedly produced which is 100 only, this product is distributed during special events like competition. The winners who got this cap were very happy because not only its function but also its limited edition. Bag and T-shirt 500 bags were produced and distributed to all targeted villages during pride campaign activities. Because its medium size and function, it can deliver all campaign messages effectively by printing the key messages clearly on the bag. The communities like this bag because it gives long lasting benefit. Similar to bag, T-shirt is an important product in pride campaign because its long lasting function and size that can deliver all the key message of campaign. 300 t-shirt were produced. Both bag and t-shirts were distributed mostly during community events, especially for the competition participants. Costume One of the essential pride campaign products is costume. Costume is used to attract audience particularly kids attention during school visit or school events, and puppet show. It also can attract adult’s attention during community meeting and community events. To produce the spinner dolphin costume, I worked closely with former pride campaign manager, Akbar Aryo Digdo, from Jogjakarta, Indonesia. It quite took sometime to design and produce the costume. The costume is made from good material that can persist for long time since it will use

many time and also for the future campaign. It took almost 2 month to finish it. I named the costume “Lulu”. When the first time I present this costume in school visit and school competitions, the audience especially the children are very surprised. They are very curious to know who is wearing the costume. Some of them try to touch or shake hand with the costume. During the campaign activities was implemented, Lulu is always company me. The School song Lumba-lumbaku saying, di Raja Ampat Unik cantik menawan, torang pu kebanggaan Lumba-lumbaku saying, berteman terumbu karang, Bikin senang, bikin banyak ikan, semua ‘tuk kitorang juga. Oh pak nelayan, jangan ganggu torang pu bangga Oh pak nelayan, jaga torang pu terumbu karang Agar lestari untuk kitorang semua… Oh pak nelayan, mari sayang si lumba-lumba Oh pak nelayan, ini semua milik torang juga Agar lestari untuk kitorang semua (2x) My dear Spinner Dolphin, in Raja Ampat Unique, beautiful, charming, our pride My dear spinner dolphin, in Raja Ampat Make us happy, make lot of fish, all for us Oh my dear fishermen, don’t bother our pride Oh my dear fishermen, lets protect our coral reef So it will be sustained for the benefit of us Oh my dear fishermen, lets love our spinner dolphin Oh my dear fishermen, this all for us So it will be sustained for the benefit of us Children are one or targeted audience during the pride campaign process. To approach children especially school children I identify what are the activities that most do by them. I found that singing is one of the activities that they always do either in school, when they play or in the home. I then decide to produce school song that contain conservation message for school children. When I teach them about this song, they are so enthusiastic to learn and sing it. They not only sing but also can learn how important to protect their coral reef and spinner dolphin itself. Beside produce school song, I also produce some conservation songs that are more general for many kinds of audiences. To make those songs always memorized I also produce VCD for this all campaign songs which are contain

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documentary video of Raja Ampat nature that for every song. We produce about 100 VCD that has distributed to local community. We will continue to reproduce this material since many local communities are very interested with this VCD conservation songs. Lesson-learned that I got from produce this product are:

• It is important that its lyric have to simple, short and easy to understood and remembered.

• Use quite high bit tone or music since people like energetic songs. • The rhythms have to closed to local community music. • Use local accent

Radio spot and drama Since Raja Ampat is huge areas and it is very expensive to visit all targeted villages frequently, I produce radio spot (PSA) that contain key message and slogan to deliver pride campaign message widely and for quite long time. I produce two kinds of Radio spot and a serial drama about marine life. To produce and airing this radio program, I work closely with RRI Sorong. The make six month (December 2007 – May 2008) contract with RRI Sorong to airing the radio spot and radio drama. Radio spot is airing three days a week and three times per day while radio drama was airing one time a week. The schedule for radio spot and drama as follow:

Radio Spot (PSA) • Monday: 07.00 am, 08.00 am and 18.00 pm • Thursday: 07.00 am, 08.00 am and 18.00 pm • Saturday: 07.00 am, 08.00 am and 18.00 pm Radio Drama • Saturday: 20.30 pm – 21.00 pm

After airing those radio programs, I got many respond from local community that they like those radio spot and radio drama since it give them useful information about the function of coral reef and them impact of destructive fishing toward coral reef. They also love radio drama since it was both entertain and informative. Elementary and junior high school events Basically, children like to express their capability or skills to other people. Based on this assumption, I conduct activities that they can show their talent and skills but also they can learn about conservation through the activities. There are two kinds of event I carry out for those school children namely coloring picture and

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painting competition. Coloring picture is targeted to elementary school children while painting competition is conducted for junior high school children. Since I run pride campaign in two sites, I then carry out at both places separately. This activity is get lot of attention from school children. During the activity was conducted I also involve costume and mini quiz about pride campaign message, slogan, key message and general questions about conservation and environment. Picture that win the coloring and painting competition was used as cover for postcard calendar. Postcard Calendar This material is very good for delivery key message of the campaign and it will be persist for quite long time. The underlying assumption to produce this material is to remind local community about the key message since they will see it almost every day. The postcard calendar is a piece of postcard that consists of cover of the first winner of coloring and painting competition, key message, slogan and logo. On the other side, there is a calendar of 2008. I have produced 500 pieces of postcard calendar and distributed in all targeted villages through various activities. The local community in all levels of age is really keen to have it. Raja Ampat Marine Booklet In order to increase local community knowledge, we produced a booklet. This booklet contains information about Raja Ampat, its marine biodiversity, threats, destructive practice, sustainable fishing practice and the MPA benefit. Targeted of this material are adults that consist of fishermen, farmers, teachers, government officers, and senior high school students. The reason why this booklet distributed to adults since it contains quite heavy reading. However, I found that this booklet work effectively to increase local community knowledge. It can be seen from post survey results that show positive results regarding local community knowledge. There are 1000 pieces of booklet has printed and distributed through many kinds of activity. Legislation pocket book One of the pre-survey results show that most local community do not know about law or regulation that ban destructive fishing practice and protecting and preserving coral reef ecosystem. Based on that survey I think it is good if I can provide to them short information about law and regulation that related to destructive fishing practice, protecting and preserving nature. Having discussion with my supervisor we come up with the idea to produce pocket book that contains short brief various laws and regulations that ban destructive fishing practices and other activities that are not sustainable for marine resources. I then extract some chapter and verse from fisheries law, environmental law, biodiversity convention, government regulation, and ministry regulation that state clearly banning of destructive fishing, protecting nature, MPA and etc. I wrap it in

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a pocket book by using very simple language to explain those laws and regulations so local community can easily understand. I also put name of some protected species, tip to face earth quake and tsunami as additional information. There are 1000 exemplars of legislation pocket book was printed and distributed in all targeted villages. What I got from this small book is quite fantastic. Local community was obtained useful information from this book. The post-survey shows that most respondents in targeted village can name some law and regulation that ban destructive fishing practice and protecting nature. Puppet show Using puppet show to convey message especially for school children is very effective. Although new technology in film has developed modernly but puppet show is still interested for school children. This is because puppet show is interactive puppet perform that can involve spectator during the show. Puppet show story is about the friendship of Lulu, a spinner dolphin, with a grouper, tourist, a child fisherman, his grandfather, his father, fish trader, and teacher. The message is to encourage audiences not to use destructive tools to catch fish, such as poison and bomb and to protect the coral reef as a home and playing field for fish. Traditional boat competition This activity was targeted for youth and adults. This competition is a collaboration activity with local church organization. The participants were from all targeted villages. There were about 15 boats and two participants per each boat. Each of participants should have some knowledge about conservation and environment in general. There were 5 posts for participants to stop and at each stop they must meet one of organizer team who propose them with questions about marine conservation. They should be able to answer questions before proceed to the next stop. At the same time, the participants must collect the garbage and write each marine species which they see along the way to each post. The participants who can answer most of questions correctly and finish the route in timely manner will be the winner. This activity was very effective to build understanding of conservation and marine environment. By the end of the competition, the participants admit that they learn many things about conservation and marine environmental and find this activity very enjoyable. There were many parties who propose this activity to be annual event. Community Meeting This activity is a regular activity which conducted every month in targeted villages. During this meeting, I did many presentations such as the benefit of coral reefs, locally marine managed areas model, impact of destructive fishing, and watching documentary movie about underwater life, discussion and gave quiz. This community meeting has increased their knowledge about marine

Comment [A7]: Can you insert some pictures?

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conservation works and how can they involve in managing their marine environment. As their knowledge increased, they became more proactive in conservation work. Establishment of LMMA (Locally Marine Managed Areas) In Collaboration with the Indonesia Locally marine Managed Area Network, we tried to introduce local community marine managed areas. This approach has been very effective to increase community knowledge about marine protected areas and to change their attitude and behavior, from ignorant to become actively involved in managing their own marine areas. The target was to establish seven MPAs , but after this approach was introduced, ten villages proposed their marine areas as Village Marine Protected Areas. Additionally, they did not only establish their village marine protected areas but also design its management plan. The first monitoring surveys have shown that the total of marine resources such as sea cucumber, fish, trochus, lobster have started to increase significantly. Mangrove Reforestation This activity was conducted by local community to rehabilitate the condition of their mangrove forest areas, particularly those close to their village that function as tide barriers. This activity was conducted at two villages whose mangrove areas were threatened and reduced because of being cut for different purposes. All of the communities involved were very enthusiastic to plant mangrove around their areas. They also voluntarily provided the babies mangrove. Additionally, they erected the signboard to prohibit any destructive actions against mangrove areas. Beach Cleaning This activity was conducted at almost all of targeted village. The aim of this activity is to build community awareness on the importance of cleaning the beach, not only for sanitary reasons but also for the health of the coral reefs and other coastal habitats. This activity was implemented to commemorate the world marine day. The local community was very enthusiastic to join this activity as soon they understood the benefit of having the beach cleaned. They proposed this activity to be conducted regularly. Collecting Crown of thorn star fish (COT) COT is one of main predators of coral reefs. Based on the monitoring survey, the total of COT was booming and threatened the life of coral reefs. To reduce the population of this species, a competition for picking COT was conducted. The participants were youth and fishermen. They were given 8 hours to collect as

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much as possible of COT. The winner is those who got the highest amount of COT and received cash money. After 8 hours, the total of COT has been collected was about 2000. It was quite surprised since I thought it in the beginning; it will be less than 1000. Before the competition started, the participants were given information about physical and biological description of COT, the danger of its torn, its predator and many more. Local community are very surprised since they got a lot of information about this marine creature. They also say that they will report to TNC if they show this creature is booming.

Chapter 5

The Results Changes in knowledge, Attitude and Self Reported Behavior

Objective (1) By the end of May 2008, the local community in Raja Ampat especially the fishermen will understand that healthy coral reef and its ecosystem will increase their total fish caught. This will be measured through an increased percentage of respondents who say that they “strongly agree” that “healthy coral reef will increase total fish caught” from 47% to 70% (Refer to question number Q26 ). Overall, the post campaign shows that the percentage of the local community in all targeted villages who say that they “strongly agree” that “healthy coral reef will increase total fish caught increased to 57.2%. This is an encouraging result although the 70% target was not reached. The table below show the results of pre- and post-campaign survey: Table 1: Overall percentage respondents from all targeted village who say that they “strongly agree” that healthy coral reef will increase amount of fish caught.

Counts Percentage (%) (26) Percentage respondents who say strongly agree that healthy coral reef will increase fish caught

Pre-survey Post-survey Pre-campaign survey

Post-campaign survey

Strongly agree 179 218 47 57.2 Agree 168 135 44.1 34.5 Disagree 11 2 2.9 0.5 Strongly disagree 1 0 0.3 0 Neutral 4 21 1 5.5 Do not know/not sure 18 5 4.7 1.3

However, if we show the combination between respondents who say “agree” and “strongly agree” for individual villages we can find some very encouraging results. For example, before campaign the lowest percentage of respondents who say that they “agree” or “strongly agree” that healthy coral reef will increase the amount of fish caught is from Magey village (50%). After the one year campaign this percentage has increased to 80%. While other village even can reach 100% such as Deer, Toloby, Fafanlap, Tomolol, Folley, Lilinta, Biga, Harapan Jaya, Kapatcol, Usaha Jaya and Gamta. Only Yellu and Dibalal village show decrease from 98% to 77% (Yellu) and 98% to 78% (Dibalal). What I am interested is villages that are usually conduct destructive fishing practices even got high percentage in term of this matter such as Lilinta, Fafanlap, Toloby, and Usaha Jaya (see appendix B). After one year of running a campaign in Raja Ampat, it becomes visible that the local community especially the fishermen are conscious that healthy coral reef and its ecosystem can increase their total fish caught. The post survey shows that most respondents in targeted villages agreed with this statement. The lowest

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Comment [A8]: For clarity please always refer to it as pre-campaign and post-campaign survey

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Comment [A9]: How much were they pre campaign? As this is a very good result I suggest that you insert pre campaign results for each village that you mention

Comment [A10]: Appendix C is fine but I would also include a few of your results for individual villages here (you need to state pre and post). Perhaps you could insert a table?

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percentage is at Yellu, which is 77%. Other targeted villages even reach more than 90% consensus, namely Toloby, Fafanlap and Lilinta (see appendix A). On the other hand, if one compares the survey results at the control sites pre andpost campaign one finds that knowledge of respondent in the control areas has actually decreased from 94% to 89% (see table 2 and graph 1). Therefore one can conclude that the increased knowledge of local community and especially that of the fisherman about the correlation between healthy coral reef and their total fish caught can most likely be attributed to the Pride campaign and related activities. It therefore appears that the distribution of campaign materials such as booklets, brochures, radio program (PSA) and the showing of documentary films have been effective at increasing knowledge of the target audiences. Table 2: Percentage of respondents who say agree that healthy coral reef will increase fish amount in control village (n=49, Q26)

Village

Jefman Samate Jefman Samate

(26) Percentage respondents who say strongly agree that healty coral reef will increase fish caught

Pre-survey

Pre-survey Overall

Post-Survey

Post-survey Overall

Strongly agree 58.1 72.2 63.3 48.4 55.6 51 Agree 35.5 22.2 30.6 38.7 38.9 38.8 Disagree 6.5 5.6 6.1 6.5 0 6.5 Strongly disagree 0 0 0 0 5.5 5.5 Neutral 0 0 0 0 0 0

Do not know/not sure 0 0 0 6.5 0 6.5

Graph 1: Overall results of percentage of respondents who “agree” or “strongly agree” with the statement that healthy coral reef will increase the fish amount caught.

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Comment [A11]: This graph is not particularly interesting as it does not really show a result. Whilst you can leave it in I would recommend showing a table with results for individual villages. You can then explain that whilst the overall percentage has not changes much you have some very positive results for individual villages.

Percentage of respondents who agree and strongly agree with the statement that healthy

coral reef will increase fish amount caught (n=430)

91 9394 89

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%

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Results from the post-survey conducted at the end of May indicate that there has been a positive increase in the local community’s knowledge about the fact that using bombs and poison to catch fish will kill small fish and destroy coral reef (Q27). Before the campaign only 25% of respondents in targeted area answered “agree” and “strongly agree” when asked about this statement, but after the campaign, 90% respondents in targeted area said that they “agree” and “strongly agree” with this statement. This means that pride campaign has successfully enhanced local community knowledge in the targeted areas about the impact of using bomb and poison to fish. Campaign materials such as booklet, poster, brochure, radio program (Public Service Announcement), and community visit have served as useful sources of information for the local community regarding the impact of bomb and poison against coral reef.

Graph 2: Overall of percentage of respondents who agree and strongly agree that catch fish by using bomb will kill small fish and coral reef.

Percentage of respondents who agree and strongly agree with statement that catch fish by

using bomb will kill small fish and coral reef (n=430, Q27)

25

90

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%

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On the other hand the level of knowledge of the local community in the control area has not changed much.

Objective (2): By the end of March 2007, local community especially fishermen will understand why bomb and poison fishing is banned as indicated by the decreasing percentage of respondents who do not know about regulation on coral reef and fisheries protection from 73% to 43% in all targeted villages (Refer to question number 32) Post survey shows that this objective has been achieved since the percentage of people in the local community who know that using bomb and poison is banned by government through Fishery Law and Biodiversity and natural resources act was increased. Graph 3: Percentage of respondents who say that they do not know any law on fisheries and coral reef protection.

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Comment [A12]: FOR all your graphs you need to insert n= for pre campaign and for post campaign as they are different. If you do not wish to rewrite all your graphs you can insert this information in the graph title

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Percentage of respondents who say do not know about law of fisheries and protecting coral reef

(n=430, Q32)

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The post campaign survey shows a great result in term of increasing local community’s knowledge about the laws and regulations that ban people from practicing destructive fishing. In pre-campaign survey, the results shows that many respondents said that some destructive fishing practices are banned by law but they could not mention specific regulations or laws that deal with destructive fishing practice (73%). However, after one year campaign implementation, the post-campaign survey shows that the percentage of local community members, in targeted areas who do not know about the laws or regulations dealing with destructive fishing practices has decreased to 39%.

On the other hand at the control site the percentage of people that did not know about these regulations actually went up from 39% to 100%. We can therefore deduce that it is likely that the campaign brought about a 34% decline in the number of people who do not know about the regulations at the campaign site. Graph 4: Percentage of respondents who are able to name a law or regulation about banning bomb and poison fishing as well as protecting coral reef.

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Comment [A13]: I note that you have marked n=340 on this graph but n=420 on the graph above. I am guessing 420 is your pre-campaign survey samle and 340 is the post? Can you please check this and if so make sure this is explained in the graphs?

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Percentage of respondents who answer kind law or regulation that banning destructive fishing and protecting coral reef (n=340, Q32)

Do not know , 39.5%

Law No. 31 Year 2004 AboutFisheries, 53%

Law No. 5 Year 1990 About Conservation of Biodiversity

and Ecosystem, 30.9Other, 0.5%

Law No. 31 Year 2008, 2.9%

Law No. 23 Year 1997 About, Environmental Managemet

1.0%

Law No. 23 About, Environmental Managemet

0.8%

Law No.23 Year 1997 About Environmental Management

1.8%

Law No. 5 Year 1990 About Conservation of Biodiversity

and Ecosystem, 2.1%

An interesting thing is those respondents can mention specifically law or regulation that banned people to do destructive fishing practices as shown in graph above. The question is why how was this objective achieved? By delivering message in term of law and regulation continuously and repeat those messages through campaign materials, radio program (PSA) intensively, and activities such as community meeting, community events, documentary show etc. in the field, it is effective to increase local community knowledge about the law or regulation about banning bomb and poison fishing.

It appears from results at the post campaign results that at the control site the % of the local community that do not know about law or regulation in term of banning bomb and poison fishing increase significantly. Presumably this is because those areas were not exposed to campaign activities.

Objective (3): Objective 3.1: By the end of May 2008, local community will say that it is easy to change destructive fishing habits to sustainable fishing practices from 33% to 55% in all targeted villages. (Refer to question number 41) Based on post survey results, the percentage of people from the local community who agree that “it is easy to change destructive fishing habit to sustainable fishing practice” appears to have increased substantially from 33% to 55% in targeted villages.

Graph 5: Percentage of respondents who state that it is easy to change destructive fishing habits to sustainable fishing practices

Percentage of respondents who state easy to change destructive fishing habit to sustainable

fishing practices (n=430, Q41)

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55

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This objective relates to attitude of respondents in term of changing their perception toward destructive fishing habits. Overall, most of targeted villages reacted positively to the statement “it is easy and somewhat easy to change their destructive fishing habit to sustainable fishing practices habit”. Specifically, the respondents in Yellu and Lilinta, Tomollol, Biga and Gamta who answer “easy” and “somewhat easy” to the statement above is decreased while the percentage of respondents who gave that statement at Fafanlap, Toloby, Dibalal, Deer, Kapatcol, and Folley is increased (see appendix E for detail description). In general, this objective has been reached especially in those six last villages because we did not only conduct awareness program through campaign materials but also ran a radio program, community events and community meeting activities that reach targeted audiences very effectively. In addition, the campaign also introduced targeted villages to a marine adaptive management approach by using Locally Managed Marine Areas. However, there is an interesting thing found in some of targeted villages namely Yellu, Tomolol, Harapan Jaya, Biga and Gamta in relation to this objective. Post-survey results of those villages show that the percentage of respondent who agreed to the statement “it is easy to change their destructive fishing habits to sustainable fishing practices” has decreased comparing with the pre-survey results. Some reasons to explain this fact are firstly, although those villages were part of the targeted areas they were not part of focused villages. The focused villages that the campaign focused on in targeted areas were those that had highly destructive fishing practices and tended to refuse sustainable fishing practices. Most campaign activities focused on those villages. Secondly, the campaign program infrequently touched those villages. Thirdly, the post survey may have reached to respondents who are new to the Pride Campaign, particularly at Yellu

Comment [A14]: I had a look at your survey pro file at question 41 and I can not find a 55% in the post survey questionnaire. Please check this result.

Comment [A15]: This section and the explanation that follows are now well written. You could still add a small table showing the sum of easy and somewhat easy answers for pre and post campaign for these villages (differentiating between villages that you focused on and those that you did not)

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since this village is populated by migrant workers, a quite mobile community compare to other targeted villages. At the same time, in control areas, the post-survey results show that numbers of respondents who agree with “it is easy to change destructive fishing habit to sustainable fishing habit” have gone down. It can be explained because this area has not been targeted and the information exposure and awareness programs did not reach this area. Objective 3.2: By the end of May 2008, local community in all targeted villages will say that “it is easy to protect and to preserve coral and its ecosystem” as indicated by the increasing percentage of respondents who agree with that statement from 43% to 70% (Refer to question number 43) It emerged that this objective is not achieved since the overall post survey show that the local community who agree “it is easy to protect and to preserve coral reef and its ecosystem” has increased 2% only, which is from 43% to 45% in targeted villages (See Appendix E for detail). The good news is there is quite significant change of the percentage at Fafanlap. Detail description of percentages is shown below:

Yellu: before campaign 43%, after campaign 47% Fafanlap: before campaign 28%, after campaign 59% Toloby: before campaign 42%, after campaign 56% Lilinta: before campaign 39%, after campaign 40%

However, we can assume that local community has a strong will to protect and to preserve their coral reef but they are not confident that they have the capacity to do so. This assumption is built based on the combining calculated data from the respondents who answer “it is ‘easy’ and ‘somewhat easy’ to protect and to preserve coral reef and its ecosystem”. Therefore, pride campaign materials such as booklet, poster, postcard calendar, etc should be distributed widely in those areas. Pride campaign activities such as Public Service Announcement and radio drama should be continued airing to reach wider targeted audience. Community meetings as one of the effective tools to change local community attitude should also be conducted regularly. On the practical level, the campaign should continue using adaptive management approach to coral reef ecosystem called locally managed marine areas that encourage local community to manage their coral reef as explained above. This is very effective to change their attitude and even behavior since the local community was directly involved in these activities. In general, graph below show the trend of local community statement in term of protect and preserve coral reef.

Comment [A16]: This is fine but you could insert this data here to show the reader

Graph 6: Percentage of respondents who state that easy to protect and preserve coral reef.

Percentage of respondents who state that easy to protect and preserve coral reef (n=430, Q43)

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The graph shows that although the percentage of respondents who state that it is easy to protect and preserve coral reef has not changed much overall. This is because for this objective the campaign focused mainly on a few targeted villages as explained above. Objective (5): By the end of May 2008 local community’s knowledge about “coral mining being an illegal activity” will increase from 44.6% to 65% in all targeted villages. (Refer to Q 37). Overall the post survey conducted at end of May 2008 has shown a substantial shift of local community knowledge about coral mining being an illegal activity from 45% to 81% (n=430; Q37) (See graph 7 below) Graph 7: Overall Percentage of respondents who state that doing coral mining is illegal activity

Comment [A17]: Why are these percentages different from the ones stated above?????

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Percentage of respondents who state that doing coral mining is illegal activity (n=430, Q37)

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Especially in villages where the campaign was run intensively the knowledge change on those villages is very substantial as shown below (For more detail see appendix G).:

Yellu: Before campaign 43.% (n=60; Q37), after campaign 56.14% (n=57, Q37) Lilinta: Before campaign 11.11% (n=18, Q37), after campaign 72.22% (n=18, Q37) Fafanlap: before campaign 20.69%(n=29, Q37), after campaign 72.41% (n=29, Q37) Toloby: before campaign 55.7% (n=52, Q37), after campaign 100% (n=52, Q37) Tomolol: before campaign 5% (n=20, Q37), after campaign 100% (n=22, Q37) Biga: before campaign 6.67% (n=15, Q37), after campaign 94.12% (n=17, Q37)

This objective has reached significant results. In some villages, the percentage of local community who knows that coral mining is illegal has reached more than 95% (Biga village), while changes in the rest of targeted villages have ranged from 12% to 87%. These results are the likely outcome of the campaign effectively increasing local community knowledge through different activities, such as the distribution of campaign materials, radio program airings, community visits, and community events.

Action Oriented/Behavior Change Objective

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Percentage ocoral min

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20

40

60

80

100

Pre-Survey

Objective (4): By the end of May 2008, the engagement of local community in conservation activities will have increased from 52% to 75% by encouraging local community to establish Locally Marine Manage Areas that consist of many conservation activities. (Refer to Q61). The graph below shows the overall percentage of respondents who state that they were involved in conservation activities pre-campaign and post-campaign . It appears that the percentage of respondents who have been engaged in conservation activities increases by 21 %, from 52% to 73% by the end of May 2008. It means it is minus 2% to reach the objective, which is 75%. This is because in some villages the level of respondents involved in conservation activities was very low. So, this will have influenced the overall results on respondents.

Graph 8: Percentage of respondents who state that they have engaged in conservation activities.

Percentage of respondents who state that they have engaged in conservation activities (n=430,

Q61)

52

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20

40

60

80

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Even so, at the end of May 2008, in all focused villages, the engagement of local community in conservation activities including establishing Locally Managed Marine Areas has increased by more than 49 %, as described below:

Lilinta: before campaign 0.87%, after campaign 66.67% Kapatcol: before campaign 3.06%, after campaign 80% Biga: before campaign 3.06%, after campaign 94.12% Folley: before campaign 0.87%, after campaign 50% Toloby: before campaign 17.90%, after campaign 100% Dibalal: before campaign 17.90%, after campaign 70.31% Deer: before campaign 22.27%, after campaign 79.25%

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For this objective the campaign achieved some phenomenal results as indicated by the post-survey results. All targeted villages demonstrated an increased level of community engagement in conservation activities. There are some reasons to explain why this objective was achieved. Firstly, community activities such as community meeting, focus group discussion, and community events have been the main effective tools to attract local community to engage in conservation activities voluntarily. By organizing different events such as beach cleaning, reforestation mangrove, and coral reef monitoring, the campaign has been effective at raising local community awareness about the importance of preserving their environment for their future life. The local community became actively involved in any conservation programs as soon as they realize that those activities were for their own sake. Secondly, the campaign also introduced a community adaptive management model to the communities through training and capacity building programs in targeted villages. This led to them feeling more responsible to protect and to preserve their local resources. For example, before community adaptive management was introduced, local communities were apathetic because they assumed that conservation work is only NGO and government business.

Furthermore, since adaptive management has been introduced through the pride campaign program, 10 villages found at the two MPA sites within the targeted areas have adopted it to be a model for their marine resources management. The pride campaign had a similar approach to this model so local communities could easily welcome it. They did not only establish their village marine protected areas but also went beyond it by designing their own conservation programs.

In addition, local community not only set up their village protected areas or locally managed marine areas but also gained much knowledge and many skill in term of how to manage those areas such as monitoring skills, presenting monitoring data results, developing and implementing village conservation activities, conducting surveillance, and participatory community mapping, drafting village regulation in term of marine resources use and many more. One thing that made me very proud of this campaign is that some of villages locally marine managed areas were established by local community in targeted areas on behalf of my name as a way to express their gratitude for enlightening them about how important coral reef ecosystem is to them and their future. This is a great honor and great responsibility at the same time for me.

Chapter 6

Critical Review Raja Ampat Islands located in the most western part of West Papua Province in Indonesia have a very unique, rich and stunning marine biodiversity. The area is located in “the heart of the world coral triangle”. The coral triangle is known to be the richest area for marine biodiversity in the world and includes some countries in the pacific equatorial area such as Indonesia, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste, Philippines, Palau and Solomon Island. Planning and implementing a pride campaign for one year is an intensive program that has to effectively promote conservation, sustainable development, environmental health in a critical ecosystem (RARE CD, Module 6). The Pride Campaign in Raja Ampat focused on two Marine Protected Areas (MPA) that had been newly declared by the Raja Ampat District Government in December 2006 along with other seven marine protected areas scattered around Raja Ampat Island. These are the Kofiau and Boo MPA which is located in the centre of the Raja Ampat island area, and the Southeast Misool MPA which is located in the most southern part of Raja Ampat. The overall size of the Kofiau and Boo MPA is about 170.000 Ha whilst the Southeast Misool MPA is about 335.000 Ha in size. The campaign targeted three villages in Kofiau and 14 villages in Southeast Misool. The goal of this pride campaign was to protect and to preserve the Raja Ampat Coral reef and its ecosystem in the present and for the future. The coral reef was chosen as a focus for the campaign because activities such as blast-fishing, poison fishing, over fishing, coral mining and illegal fishing in the area have threatened not only the biodiversity and habitat found in the area but also people’s livelihoods. The spinner dolphin, like other species of marine mammals, is very commonly found in Raja Ampat waters. Some local communities respect this species and even insist that their ancestors had a relationship with the dolphins. Based on pre-campaign survey results, Focus Group Discussion FGD, and stakeholders meeting it was found that people agree that this animal is helpful, beautiful, smart, unique, charismatic, and easily found everywhere. This has led me to decide to use spinner dolphin as my flagship species. Furthermore, I came up with the slogan “Terumbu Karang Kitorang Punya, Terumbu Karang Kitorang Jaga” (We Protect Our Coral Reef). From pre- and post-survey results one can see that the majority of respondent preferred the spinner dolphin as a flagship for the pride campaign in Raja Ampat (see Figure 1 below).

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Percentage of respondents chosing different flagship species (n=430, Q59)

Spinner Dolphin46%

Whale7%

Turtle10%

Dugong12%

Coral Reef16%

Pear Shell2%

Shark1%

Giant clam1%

Manta Ray1%

Triton0%

Napoleon Wrasse

4%

Figure 1 – Graph showing pre-campaign flagship species preferences of survey respondents During the pride campaign process we produced many kinds of materials and implemented some activities. The underlying assumption of producing the campaign materials is that they would help strengthen the delivery of key campaign messages to target audiences effectively and efficiently. The target audiences were fishermen, school children, government officer and the wider community. Campaign materials consisted of booklets, posters, legislation booklets, brochures, mugs, caps, t-shirts, stickers, conservation songs, video clips, bags, and badges. We also developed community activities that could trigger communities to get involved in conservation activities to protect and preserve marine resources. These activities included a rowing competition, crown of thorn fish collections, reforestation of mangrove ecosystems, beach clean ups, establishment of village protected areas, development of village conservation programs, showing of documentary movies and holding of community meeting. According to B.F Skinner, behavioral psychologist, the behavior of human beings can be changed if they experience positive things constantly. What worked? What worked: Community events (establishing village marine protected areas).

One of the Pride Campaign objectives in Raja Ampat is to encourage local community engagement in conservation activities. In the past, when we talked about conservation, the local community always thought that the issue was not their business. Additionally, International and local NGOs in Raja Ampat focussing on conservation programs are few. The situation was what Garett Hardin calls the “Tragedy of The Commons” where people tend to increase the extraction without thinking about its carrying capacity and do not care about the habitat since they regard it as common property (Garett Harding, 1968). During the campaign it was found that the local community in targeted villages actually has a lot of local wisdom that can be strongly related to the protection of their natural resources. For example in the past, the local community had the tradition to run open – closed seasons to harvest their marine resources. However, this local wisdom had been lost in most of the Raja Ampat area. Learning from many unsuccessful stories of MPA top down approach, we tried to raise awareness amongst the local community that MPA will give them benefit if they become actively involved in managing their areas. To execute this activity, we started with community meetings to explain what the benefits of MPAs are and how people could get involved in managing their areas by creating locally managed marine areas. To achieve this we involved the Indonesia Locally Marine Managed Area Network (ILMMA). to the level which in social marketing is referred to as The community we worked with was at this point in time at what in social marketing is commonly referred to as the “contemplation stage” (Andreasen, 1995). During this process, campaign materials such as booklets, legislation booklets, brochures, and posters were distributed to deliver key messages and give them literal information about coral reefs, MPAs, and their benefits. The activity was implemented in all villages targeted. The important point that was achieved with this activity is the local community becoming aware that they were facing a real problem with their marine resources. We then conducted a third community meeting to encourage them to overcome the problems that they had identified in the previous meeting. At this stage the local community moved to what is referred to as the “preparation stage” (Andreasen, 1995). This is defined by Andreasen (1995) as a state at which the “local community have decided to act and are trying to put in place whatever is needed to carry out the behavior”. The first thing they did was to determine their village protected areas. Working together with our monitoring team, they determined the right place for a “no take zone area”, “buffer zone areas”, and free areas. We had to assist them to determine this because no take zone areas should be in the right place so they can act as “a bank” for certain species. This is what we call combining science and local wisdom and knowledge. After getting confirmation from the monitoring team the local community then officially designated those areas by using local wisdom church ceremonies. These traditional rituals are used to designate “SASI” or taboo areas. So at this stage the process had reached the “action stage” at which the local community was doing the behavior for the first time-or

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first several times (Andreasen, 1995). To reach this stage it is necessary to remove barriers to the adoption of a behavior. The barrier can come from within the community or from the outside. The barriers indentified in the targeted area were economic, lack of knowledge about how important coral reef ecosystem is to ensure sustainable fisheries and engagement issues in conservation activities. To overcome those barriers the outreach programs was intensively run. The result of this activity was amazing. Whilst in my project plan I only aimed for 7 villages setting up their village marine protected areas, three more villages voluntarily set up their own village protected areas so that a total of 10 areas were established. At this stage the process of changing behavior had reached what Andreasen calls the maintenance stage (1995). This is where the local community is committed to what they have done in term of changing their behavior in relation to protecting and preserving their marine resources and have no desire or intention to return to earlier behavior. The next step for local communities was to implement their own village conservation programs. This may have included installing sign board at their protected areas, restoring mangrove forests, carrying out beach clean ups, doing monitoring and surveillance work, and discussing how to draft marine resource regulation. Monitoring showed that the protected areas doubled the amount of some species such as sea cucumbers, lobsters, trochus snails, and fish as their size. People tend to change their behavior and adopt new practices once they see the results (McKenzie-Mohr and Smith, 2006). I can claim the approach used in the campaign worked very well since it resulted in the local community establishing their locally marine protected areas or village protected areas. They also are now able to conduct some work regarding management of their protected areas and carry out monitoring of indicator species in their protected areas. What worked: Legislation Book. Changing the knowledge of a local community can be done through many activities or campaign materials. One of the campaign materials that was very effective in increasing the local communities’ knowledge about destructive fishing regulation was the legislation book. Before I ran the campaign many local communities actually knew that destructive fishing is banned by law but they did not know specifically which laws these were. Based on Focus Group Discussion and pre-survey local people often said that they would stop blast fishing or poison fishing if the government could clearly mention what regulations and consequences there were if they carried out any destructive fishing practices. Recognizing this matter, I tried to make a legislation book which contained complete information about the law and regulations that already exist in term of destructive fishing practice. I produced 1000 copies of the legislation book. It took quite a long time to draft this legislation book since I had to extract the many regulations and give clear explanations so that the local communities could easily

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understand them. To make the publication appealing to the local community I also put some picture that showed destructive and sustainable fishing practices as well as examples of fishing gear that is banned and fishing gear that is allowed by government regulations. These pictures enabled the reader to get additional information about fishing gears and whether their use is sustainable or not. This legislation book was distributed during many activities such as community meetings, presentations, community events, and direct distribution and by visiting community members’ houses with the help of local facilitators and conservation cadres. The booklet acted as a light reading material, it contained simple information about verse and chapter from many different laws and acts that prohibit destructive fishing practices and consequences of breaking these laws as well as fishing gears that are not allowed. The important thing that I gained by distributing these campaign products is multiplication. When one local community knows about regulations and can explain them to others then other community members also became keen to have the legislation book and curious to know about the laws and regulations. This shows how interpersonal relations among community members can play a strong influence on the community and be regarded as an effective vehicle of social change. It can be defined as the capacity of each of two people to influence thoughts and/or actions of the other one (Janne, 1976). Although this product has shown its effectiveness to change local communities’ knowledge about regulation and law in term of destructive fishing practices the subject still needed more explanation since different individuals have different interpretations about law and regulation. Previously, no printed material had ever existed that were made for the community. Survey results showed that the local communities’ knowledge increased by more than 40% (n=381, Q32). Further, it was noted that comments were made by members of the communities which showed their pride to have the book and helped to really open their minds on fisheries regulation. They found the book very helpful in spreading conservation messages especially to reduce destructive fishing practices.

Two Bad Thing regarding Pride Campaign Activities What didn’t work: sermon sheet In Raja Ampat religion plays an important role in community life. Truly, if we try to introduce something new, especially something related to changing local community values or habits, one important aspect that we must consider is religion. Since the first time I worked with local communities I usually used a religious approach to gain their attention and so far it worked well. Also in the pre-campaign survey most of respondents (89%, n=381, Q16) stated that they consider religious leaders to be a trustworthy source of information (Raja Ampat Islands Pride Campaign Project Plan, 2007). Based on this survey result and my experience in the past, I decided to use a sermon sheet as one of the campaign material to spread the key messages. I started to work with a religious organization in Raja Ampat namely “Gereja Kristen Injili Di Tanah Papua (GKI, a Christian church organization in Papua) and Islam leaders in Raja Ampat. I approached and invited them in a meeting to explain the pride campaign and how religion can be an effective way to convey campaign messages if a priest or imam can deliver it through written material at a congregation’ event. They really supported the pride campaign because it was in line with what religion teaches. I asked them if it would be possible to develop a special sermon sheet about destructive fishing practices that are not allowed according to religion. The Christian leaders said that it was difficult to develop a specific sermon sheet for congregation since they already had a format for the sermon sheet. So they said that they could put the key messages in what they already have. But they also said that they have many church events throughout the year that I could participate in to deliver key message by implementing pride campaign activities. The Islam leaders insisted that we can not create special sermon sheet to deliver pride campaign key messages since traditionally they always use old transcription sermon sheets in every Jum’ah praying. However, they would help me to raise local community awareness in different ways and would support pride campaign activities that were taking place in their villages. Therefore, I could not produce a sermon sheet as I had written in my project plan. My lesson-learned from this situation is that we cannot always drive every people or organization as they may have their own policies. Nevertheless, we can build a strong relationship where they will be able to support us in different ways that will be consistent with their procedures.

What didn’t work: bumper sticker Compared to other materials, the bumper stickers really had the best design. The bumper sticker contained the pride campaign logo designed by a creative design company. I tested the first draft with some people in target areas and they were interested and agreed it was a nice picture. Thus, I produced 1000 stickers. I distributed stickers and other materials to the target areas during community meetings, community events, and school visits. However, the local community was more interested in materials such as bags, caps, t-shirts, mugs, brochures, badges, booklets, posters and the legislation book. The feedback from community members was that the sticker was nice but it is not long lasting. They preferred materials that they can use for their daily activities such as bags, t-shirts, caps, and mugs. I learned that although the material was a very good design, people will be more interested in how it can benefit them especially over time. In the future I will consider producing products which, not only deliver the message but also give long-term benefit. Review on my own performance Honestly, doing this pride campaign has been challenging, adventurous and exhausting. Before I ran this campaign I had been working as an outreach coordinator for 2 years. This had also required me to implement activities related to conservation education but I did not realize that basically on a certain level I was running a campaign. What I got in Kent was very useful to assist me in designing the pride campaign activities. My difficulties while working on the Raja Ampat Pride Campaign were (1) the resistance of some villages toward TNC presence, (2) transportation, (3) illness, (4) support from colleagues, and (5) still doing my main job as outreach and communication coordinator, and (6) time management. In some villages the resistance to TNC presence is quite strong and those villages were part of my target villages. During the campaign I received many questions or even mocking about my pride campaign. To cope with that I often applied a personal approach to explain the activities. This was quite successful in reducing people’s resistance. When I started to get support from people who, in the beginning had been against me or had even reject me, the campaign became more interesting and challenging. Doing a pride campaign and other regular tasks at the same time is very hard and quite stressful for me because both tasks were very important. At the same time I obtained very little support from my colleagues especially in assisting me during implementation of pride campaign activities in the field because they had

many things to do as well. Fortunately, my wife, a fresh US master graduate and village facilitator supported me whenever I needed a hand. Through her my key messages were delivered effectively. However, some villages still do not accept the Locally Managed Marine Area LMMA concepts perhaps because of some limitations in involving as many stakeholders in the campaign as I would have liked. Sometimes I also felt so confident to run some activities by my self, when in fact, although I had been working in those two areas for around 3 years, I still faced many problems especially technical problems such as provision of equipment, logistics and organizing the community. Finally, I am happy that I could accomplish my pride campaign on time although not all of my campaign activities could be implemented and all campaign materials distributed. However, I have learned much from this stunning program and feel that I will be able to apply it in the future to increase my professional work and to enlighten the community at my site.

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Chapter 7

Recommendations After 15 months of running a pride campaign in Raja Ampat, I found that there were many changes happeningat my site. The campaign not only increases local community knowledge about coral reef ecosystem and marine ecosystem as whole but also it has changed local community attitude and behaviour in certain things. However, there are still many things to do such as producing some more materials and running more activities to change people’s knowledge, attitude and behaviour as well as to maintain the condition that has currently been achieved. Of course we would like the local community to experience the pride campaign as euphoria, entertainment but the campaign has to also obtain many important things changes. For the next phase pride campaign in Raja Ampat, it is good if we can more focus on activities that are inline with my organization goal which is to create zoning system and management plan as a crucial part in developing Marine Protected Areas (MPA). Considering some good results during the pride campaign implemented in Raja Ampat, I would like to propose to continue produce and conduct some materials and activities such as:

• Encourage local community to establish more village marine protected area or locally managed marine areas especially (LMMA) in villages that not yet set up their own LMMA

• Community events such as reforestation mangrove, beach clean up, reduce Crown of Torn (COT) star fish, competitions and community monitoring training

• Continue to produce booklet and legislation law • School visit • Puppet show with new story • Capacity building for local teachers to assist pride campaign in their

school. • Continue radio programs since this media is very effective to reach many

people especially in remote areas like Raja Ampat Islands. However, it is important to create new activities or campaign materials to support next phase of campaign such as:

• Create comic for children • Environmental detective game for school children • Create environmental mini dictionary for students. • Capacity building for village facilitators so they can run mini campaign in

their village.

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In order to obtain better results, it is important to involve as many as stakeholders as possible in the second phase of pride campaign activities especially key stakeholders and other stake holders that were not much involved in first phase of campaign.

References Andreasen, A. (1995), Marketing Social Change: changing behavior to promote health, social development, and the Environment, Washington, DC: Jossey-Bass a Wiley Imprint. Hardin, G. (1968), The Tragedy of the Commons. Science, 162: 1243 – 1248. Janne, H. (1976), Theoretical Foundations of Long life Education: A Sociological Perspective, Foundations of Lifelong Education, Hamburg: Pergamon Press and UNESCO Institute of Education.

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Korebima, M. (2007) Raja Ampat Island Pride Campaign Project Plan: To Protect Coral Reef Ecosystem in Raja Ampat Islands at Present and in the future, Raja Ampat. McKenzie-Mohr, D. and Smith, M. (2006), Fostering Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community-Based Social Marketing, Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers. Module 6: The Marketing of Conservation - RARE CD Course (2006). Skinner B.F. http://www.sntp.net/behaviorism/skinner.htm

Acknowledgements I would like to thanks to my organization, The Nature Conservancy – Coral triangle Center (TNC-CTC) Raja Ampat Program, Rili Djohani (Director of TNC Indonesia Program), Anton Suebu (former TNC – CTC Raja Ampat Program and Papua Bird’s Head Portfolio Manager), Obed Lense (TNC – CTC Misool Site Project Leader), Reinhart Paat (TNC – CTC Kofiau Site Project Leader), Lukas Rumetna ( TNC – CTC Kofiau Outreach and Communication Coordinator), Agus Hadi (former TNC – CTC Kofiau Outreach and Communication Officer), Rahmat Saleh (TNC – CTC Misool Site Outreach and Communication officer), Andreas H. Muljadi (TNC – TNC Kofiau Site Monitoring Coordinator), Muhammad Syakir (TNC – CTT Misool Site Monitoring Coordinator), Nita (former TNC – CTC Raja Ampat Finance Coordinator), Anto Palentek (TNC- CTC Raja Ampat Finance officer), Since Manuhutu (TNC – CTC Raja Ampat Logistic Officer), TNC Boat Crews (Beni Rere and Fredy Sauyai), Hesti Widodo (TNC – CTC Conservation Education Specialist), RARE ( Rosemary, Adam, Annalisa, Sharon, Jenny, Hari, Dicky).

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Appendix A Stake Holder Matrix Analysis

No Name/

Stakeholder

Position/Affiliation Key Issues Interest/Motive

Stakeholders Potential

Contribution Potential Consequences

1. Lecturer/Sorong fisheries College

Bombing fishing

Reduce pressure on fishing activities in coral reef, law enforcement

Introduce sustainable fishing gear, alternative livelihood/income

Support local government on law enforcement, regulation on fishing gear in coral reef

2. Max Binur Director of Belantara Papua/Environment organization

Tribe law/community awareness toward coral reef extraction

Endorse customary law as a tool to protect coral reef ecosystem, awareness campaign

Documentation of customary law, support on awareness campaign

Strengthening and institution-nalize tribe law, coordination among parties to support awareness campaign

3. Vina Officer/Bureau of natural resources conservation, Forest department

Bombing and poisonous fishing

Stopping bombing and poisonous fishing practices

Management plan for marine natural resources, law enforcement

Regulation on marine resources, law enforcement, collaboration among various stakeholders

4. Steven Patiasiwa

P.T. Yellu Mutiara/Pearl farm company

Marine Culture

Endorse Mari culture as alternative livelihood/income,

Management plan for marine resources use and cooperation

Regulation on marine resources use, introduce sustainable alternative livelihood, strengthening

good coordination among many parties in term of marine resources use

among stakeholders collaboration among stakeholders

5. Fred Kurung

Head of Bureau of Natural Resources Conservation, forest Department, Region II of Papua

Coral reef destruction, Sedimentation, and pollution

Effort on protecting coral reef ecosystem by preventing destructive fishing, deforestation, and marine pollution

Law enforcement on fishing regulation, awareness program, alternative livelihood/income

Strengthening support from various stakeholders in term of law enforcement, collaboration management, dig out local wisdom in term of resources use

6. Isnain, S.Sos

Head of Administration officer of Raja Ampat Mining Department

Blast fishing Endorse coordination and collaboration among stakeholders pertaining reduce blast fishing, produce local regulation on anti blast fishing

Awareness program, training on ecosystem management, workshop on impact of blast fishing etc.

Collaboration with various parties such as NGO’s, local government, tribe council, local community groups, entrepreneur.

7. Yuli Pandin Raja Ampat Tourism Department

Development of Raja Ampat Marine Tourism

Protecting coral reef ecosystem as on of marine tourism object, reduce destructive fishing, involve indigenous

Awareness program on the benefit of coral reef as marine tourism object, introduce marine tourism as alternative livelihood, regulation on marine tourism.

Strengthening collaboration among government, indigenous community, NGO’s, entrepreneurs, etc.

community in marine tourism

8. Lulu Assagaf

Raja Ampat Education and Teaching Department

Coral reef ecosystem recovery

Protecting and preserving coral reef through education and awareness program, specific curriculum on coral reef ecosystem

Extend awareness program, put coral reef ecosystem as one of school curriculum, training and workshop on the benefit of coral reef for sustainable fishing

Working together with local government, local community, education agencies, NGO’s, and tribe council in awareness programs, volunteerism

9. Rickman Budiman

Raja Ampat Education and Teaching Department

Education system pertaining marine ecology

Curriculum for coral reef ecosystem and marine ecology, teacher training in term of marine biology, education materials

Implementation of coral reef curriculum from primary school, enhance capacity for science teachers especially about marine biology

Produce education materials and media tools for awareness programs, volun-teerism, collaboration among stakeholders

10. Edy Mambrassar

Al-Amin University student, Sorong

Bomb and poisonous fishing

Marine Protected Areas, awareness programs, and alternative livelihood in term of preserving and protecting biodiversity

Adopt local wisdom in order to establish protected areas, introduce alternative livelihood, engage local community in conservation programs

Ensure cooperation with tribe council, build knowledge about MPA, introduce alternative livelyhood, volun-teerism

11. Christian Thebu

Ma’ya clan Tribe Council

Destructive fishing and mining issues

Reduce destructive fishing practice,

Supporting on conservation programs, capacity

Indigenous participation, collaboration management, capacity building, volun-

awareness and conservation campaign

building about conservation, alternative income

teerism

12. Peter Watem

Beteuw Student Association, Raja Ampat

Poisonous Fishing

Reduce practice of destructive fishing, identify alternative income, awareness programs

Capacity building for conservation knowledge, introduce alternative livelihood

Ensure law enforcement, strengthening local wisdom on resources use

13. Age Nursdatono

Ranger/Bureau of Natural Resources Conservation, Region Papua II

Marine pollution and coral reef extraction as handicraft

Knowledge in term of the impact of marine pollution, identify alternative sources for handicraft, fishing regulation

Awareness programs, knowledge of marine ecosystem, alternative income

Ensure law enforcement, strengthening knowledge about marine ecosystem, coordination and cooperation among multi stakeholders in term of conservation activities

14. Sofyan Alting

Conservation International Indonesia

Reduce bomb and poisonous fishing, introduce the benefit of coral reef for sustainable fisheries

Knowledge pertaining destructive fishing practice toward sustainable fisheries, environmental education programs

Awareness programs, alternative income, capacity building for local community

Ensure cooperation among stakeholders, socialization and campaign, conservation programs

15. Rev. Eduard Katutung,

FORBES (Forum of Multi Stakeholders for

Bomb and poisonous fishing,

Involving religion institution for awareness

Awareness program through church activities, alternative

Ensure cooperation and collaboration for conservation campaign and environmenttal

Ssi. Raja Ampat Development)

marine pollution

campaign, media and communication tools for environmental education

livelihood, knowledge of marine conservation

education.

16. Nelson Mjam

Matbat Clan Student Association

Bomb and Poisonous fishing

Join patrol and surveillance, awareness programs, knowledge in term of coral reef benefit

Engage local community in conservation activities, adopt local wisdom into protected areas management plan

Ensure collaboration among multi stakeholders to conservation programs, capa-city building for local community, volunteerism

17. Chris Rotinsulu

Bird’s Head Seascape, Ecosystem Based Management Project

Model for coral reef ecosystem management

Study on coral reef ecosystem as based for sustainable fishing, knowledge of environmental and conservation, alternative livelihood

Identify a system for coral reef management that compile all issues which can be implemented by institution, formal or non formal, regulation on coral reef management plan

Ensure cooperation all compo-nents in order to develop a model for sustainable marine development, capacity building, knowledge of conser-vation and marine life

Appendix B Tabel 2 Respondents state that healthy coral reef will increase fish amount caught of pre-survey results (n=381, Q26)

Targeted Villages Healthy coral reef will increase fish amount caught Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Strongly agree 49.2 46.7 34.9 42.3 37.9 75 84.2 22.2 33.3 81.3 11.1 66.7 66.7 50 Agree 49.2 38.3 63.5 40.4 48.3 20 15.8 66.7 66.7 12.5 66.7 22.2 16.7 0 Neutral 0 3.3 0 0 3.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.7 0 Disagree 1.6 3.3 1.6 0 3.4 5 0 0 0 6.3 22.2 0 0 50 Do not know/not sure 0 8.3 0 15.4 6.9 0 0 11.1 0 0 0 11.1 0 0 Other 0 0 0 1.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 1 Respondents state that healthy coral reef will increase fish amount caught of post-survey results (n=381, Q26) Targeted Villages (26)Healthy coral reef

will increase fish amount caught Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Strongly agree 45.3 50.9 35.8 100 79.3 50 40 27.8 76.5 62.5 40 80 71.4 20 Agree 32.8 26.3 64.2 0 20.7 50 60 72.2 23.5 37.5 60 20 28.6 60 Neutral 14.1 21.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disagree 0 1.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 Do not know/not sure 7.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Deleted: c

Appendix C Table 3 Respondents state that using bomb and poison to catch fish will also kill small fish and coral reef of pre-survey (n=381, Q27)

Targeted Villages (27) Using bomb and poison to catch fish will also kill small fish and coral reef Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Strongly agree 0 21.7 20.6 7.7 0 0 5.3 11.1 0 62.5 0 56.6 0 0 Agree 1.6 5 38.1 13.5 6.9 35 0 0 0 0 22.2 0 0 0 Disagree 91.8 55 38.1 55.8 65.5 50 89.5 83.3 73.3 37.5 55.6 44.4 33.3 0 Strongly disagree 6.6 15 1.6 15.4 24.1 15 5.3 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 Do not know/not sure 0 3.3 1.6 7.7 0 0 0 5.6 26.7 0 22.2 0 16.7 100 Other 0 0 0 0 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4 respondents state that using bomb and poison to catch fish will also kill small fish and coral reef of post-survey (n=381, Q27)

Targeted Villages (27) Using bomb and poison to catch fish will also kill small fish and coral reef Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Strongly agree 1.6 8.8 7.5 0 17.2 9.1 0 27.8 35.5 68.8 0 10 0 100 Agree 79.7 61.4 83 100 82.8 86.4 100 72.2 64.7 25 90 90 85.7 0 Disagree 17.2 15.8 9.4 0 0 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Strongly disagree 0 12.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 14.3 0 Do not know/not sure 1.6 1.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3 0 0 0 0

Deleted: B

Appendix D Table 5 Respondents who state that ever engaged in conservation activities of pre-survey (n=381, Q61)

Targeted Villages (61) Have ever engaged in conservation activities? Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Yes 67.2 41.7 81 78.8 24.1 10 10.5 11.1 46.7 37.5 77.8 22.2 50 50 No 31.6 48.3 14.3 17.3 65.5 75 78.9 88.9 33.3 37.5 22.2 55.6 50 50 Do not know/not sure 1.6 10 4.8 3.8 10.3 15 10.5 0 20 25 0 22.2 0 0

Table 6 Respondents who state that ever engaged in conservation activities of post-survey (n=381, Q61)

Targeted Villages (61) Have ever engaged in conservation activities? Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Yes 70.3 57.9 79.2 100 72.4 59.1 50 66.7 94.1 93.8 80 60 0 60 No 18.8 42.1 20.8 0 20.7 40.9 50 33.3 5.9 6.3 10 30 100 40 Do not know/not sure 10.9 0 0 0 6.9 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0

Deleted: C

Appendix E Pre-survey

Targeted Villages

(41) Percentage of respondents opinion about changing destructive fishing practice to sustainable fishing practices Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Easy 23.0 30.0 63.5 25.0 24.1 5.0 41.2 22.2 33.3 37.5 22.2 44.4 33.3 0 Somewhat easy 13.1 38.3 19.0 15.4 31.0 40.0 52.6 72.2 13.3 43.8 33.3 0 66.7 0 Hard 34.4 25.0 7.9 38.5 31.0 25.0 0 0 46.7 6.3 11.1 11.1 0 0 Very hard 9.8 5.0 4.8 9.6 6.9 25.0 5.3 5.6 0 0 11.1 11.1 0 0 Not possible 0 0 0 3.8 3.4 5.0 0 0 0 6.3 0 11.1 0 0 Not know/not sure 19.7 1.7 4.8 7.7 3.4 0 0 0 6.7 6.3 22.2 22.2 0 100

Post-survey

Targeted Villages

(41) Percentage of respondents opinion about changing destructive fishing practice to sustainable fishing practices Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Easy 46.9 31.6 41.5 28.8 75.9 45.5 20.0 16.7 11.8 6.3 10.0 20.0 14.2 40.0 Somewhat easy 9.4 31.6 54.7 71.2 10.3 18.2 70.0 55.6 17.6 25.0 90.0 40.0 0 40.0 Hard 21.9 26.3 1.9 0 3.4 0 10.0 5.6 52.9 68.8 0 30.0 42.9 0 Very hard 10.9 7.0 1.9 0 0 31.8 0 17.6 17.6 0 0 10.0 28.6 0 Not possible 6.3 3.5 0 0 0 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20.0 Not know/not sure 4.7 0 0 0 10.3 0 0 5.6 0 0 0 0 14.3 0

Deleted: D

Appendix F Pre-survey

Targeted Villages (43) Percentage of respondents opinion about Protecting and Preserving Coral Reef Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Easy 36.1 43.3 73.0 42.3 27.6 5.0 42.1 38.9 6.7 68.8 44.4 33.3 50.0 100 Somewhat easy 16.4 31.7 14.3 17.3 41.4 0 52.6 27.8 13.3 25.0 11.1 11.1 33.3 0 Hard 31.1 15.0 3.2 19.2 6.9 35.0 5.3 22.2 33.3 0 44.4 22.2 0 0 Very hard 9.8 1.7 3.2 15.4 13.8 60.0 0 0 20.0 0 0 0 16.7 0 Not possible 1.6 8.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not know/not sure 4.9 0 6.3 5.8 10.3 0 0 11.1 26.7 6.3 0 33.3 0 0

Post-survey

Targeted Villages (43) Percentage of respondents opinion about Protecting and Preserving Coral Reef Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Easy 64.1 47.4 41.5 55.8 58.6 18.2 30.0 39.9 11.8 12.5 40.0 50.0 0 80.0 Somewhat easy 31.3 24.6 24.5 40.4 20.7 27.3 70.0 16.7 17.6 68.8 50.0 10.0 0 20.0 Hard 4.7 24.6 9.4 1.9 6.9 50.0 0 27.8 27.8 18.8 10.0 40.0 42.9 0 Very hard 0 3.5 24.5 1.9 0 4.5 0 16.7 16.7 0 0 0 57.1 0 Not possible 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not know/not sure 0 0 0 0 13.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Deleted: E

Appendix G Pre-survey

Targeted Villages (37) Percentage of respondents opinion about coral mining activity Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Illegal 68.9 43.3 58.7 55.8 20.7 5.0 31.6 11.1 6.7 62.5 22.2 44.4 66.7 0 Legal 23.0 36.7 33.3 26.9 58.6 95.0 68.4 27.8 73.3 37.5 55.6 11.1 16.7 0 Do not know 0 0 0 1.9 3.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Do not sure 8.2 20 7.9 15.4 17.2 0 0 61.1 20 0 22.2 44.4 16.7 100

Post-survey

Targeted Villages (37) Percentage of respondents opinion about coral mining activity Dibalal Yellu Deer Toloby Fafanlap Tomolol Folley Lilinta Biga

Harapan Jaya Kapatcol

Usaha Jaya Gamta Magey

Illegal 75.0 56.1 86.9 100 72.4 100 100 72.2 94.1 81.3 70.0 70.0 71.4 100 Legal 10.9 33.1 13.2 0 18.8 0 0 16.7 0 6.3 30.0 0 28.6 0 Do not know 3.1 5.3 0 0 3.4 0 0 5.6 5.6 6.3 0 20.0 0 0 Do not sure 10.9 5.3 0 0 10.3 0 0 5.6 0 6.3 0 10 0 0

Deleted: F

Contacts

Muhammad G. Korebima The Nature conservancy – Coral Triangle Center (TNC – CTC) Raja Ampat Program Jl. Sultan Hasanuddin No. 11, Klademak 2, Sorong Papau Barat – Indonesia 98413 Tri Soekirman The Nature Conservancy – Coral Triangle Center (TNC – CTC) Jl. Pangembak No. 2 Sanur Bali – Indonesia 80228