Radical America - Vol 15 No 5 - 1981 - September October

8/8/2019 Radical America - Vol 15 No 5 - 1981 - September October

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VOl 1 5, NO.5

I STONEHIL CLEG

LlBR,'Y

FEB 3 1982

$50

Re-industrialization:TAKES FliGH

MEN'S MOVEMENT

EAL & SAFEY


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Editors: Frank Brodead, Margery Davies, Jon

Demeter, Marla Erlien, Pyllis Ewen, LindaGordon, Jim Green, Allen ner, Joe nerrane, Neil McCaffery, Jim O'Brien, Billy PopeDonna Penn (inern), Jdy Smith,and Ann Wiorn.

Associae Ediors: Peer Biskind, Carl Boggs, Pal Ble, Margaret Cerllo, Jorge C. CorraleoEllen DBois, Barbara Ehrenreich, Jon Erenreic, Dan Georgakas, Marin Glaberman, Michaeirsc, Mike Kazin, Ken Lawrence, Stagton Lynd, Bey Mandell, Mark Naison, BriaPeerson, Seila Rowboam, Annemarie Troger, Mara Vicins, San Weir, David Widgery

Cover by ick Torkelson

Radical Amica wlcoms unso licid manuscip s b u can un hm only i suicin posag is includd Wi s may aso

snd absacs o inquiis o Manuscip Coodinao, c/o Radical Amica

RADICAL AMERICA USPS 83-880) is publishd bimonhly by h Alnaiv Educao Projec, In at USqua Somvl MA 0213 (61) 628-85 Copyigh 198 by Radcal Amca Suscrpon rate: e year$22 fo o yas $8 p ya o h unmployd Add $3 p ya o all pcs fo fogn uscriton. Double raefo nsuons F o psons ul as 40 ducon om cov pc fo fv o o cope Booksores maod om Cai Pgon 5 Knland S oson MA 021 1 1 Dsbuon n England by Souhern Dsruon Clknll Clos London ECR OA. ypsing by Ca Pigon

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AERCVol No

INTRODUCTION

REI N DUSTRIALIZAION:

l"1\

:

lC \ i J ; r

A DEBATE AMONG CAPITALISTSGoetz Wolf

FROM THE RUNAWAY TO THE SWEATSHOP"ENTERPRISE ZONES AND REDEVELOPMENTOF THE CIIESPhi Mattera

FIGHTING FOR HEALTH AND SAFETYWINDSOR, ONTARIO

Jim Brophy and John Jackson

ADERSARIES AND MODELS: ALTERNATIVEINSTITUTIONS IN AN AGE OF SCARCITYCar Hedman

DANCING ALONG THE PRECIPICE:THE MEN'S MOVEMENT IN THE 80s

1.J InterranteGOOD READING

c 9

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INTRODUCTION

As f on cue fom a moon pcue ndus a foods eaes eac sume nanecomedes and escaps advenues, e US pess soed us e Aecan eage smuaneous sang Medfes and Lban aca e pefomng dang feas of aea unon

busng W e adven of fa, e can expec e eef, sos suc as ades ofe Los Budge, "Escape fom e Ne Dea, and Endess Supp 's moe of esame n e connung aemp a a genea capas esucung of ecan soce, eeconom, and e sae.

We s cca mpoan o eae a ee ae vaaons - fom cene o g -n e poposas fom e busness and copoae commun, e coecve goa s oencouage a g eve of nvesmen - of capa fomaon - and us o esoe e

compeveness and pofab of US capasm Te do dffe on e degee of govenmen nvovemen necessa fo s esucung, bu e genea agee a a'sgood fo GM s good fo e coun Te queson s, Wa's good fo GM?

As an aemp o povde an oveve of o aspecs of e eaganomc saeg, e aepesenng Goe Woff's essa on capas endusaaon saeges and Maeasanass of e enepse one poposa Woff's ace ounes e seep of e vaouscompeng poposas and assesses e pospecs fo ganng suppo n e busness comu

n Hee e mg menon a fe bnd spos o unsaed assumpons n e saeges Tefs s a e saeges unfom dscoun e oe of e US abo movmen n an


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deveopment o new economic stategy."Woke dislocation while waiing o a

mystica bai out o the economy is viewedby capitaist pannes as a smal pice to pay oeindustiaizaionYet despite the coapse of ibealism and theDemocatic Paty it seems unlikely that asustained pogam fo capiaist enewal can besuccessu without the incopoaion o thetade unions It is pecisey in those aeas ogeatest tadeunion stength the industiesoganized by the CIO in the 90s tha theeindustiaization pogams ae most ambi-ious. I such an aliance does take place whatwil i be based on? Wil it be maked by anextension o ace and gende pivileges and byappeas to nationalism? Wil i be shaped by

continuing high unempoyment aes thatmake any ob ook good he unabashedunion busting typiied in Reagans handling othe ai taic contoes stike will cetainly bepolicy moe than exception in he comingpeiod o continuing industial disocation.What ae we o ead into the timidity o he

tadeunion hieachy o this attack?A second assumption in the discussion o thestategies concens the miitay budge and iseaton to eindustialization. I wil take amao eot simpy o ebuild and eoo theactoies needed to poduce he miiay had-wae now budgeted o the next ive yeas hateot wi be couped with the miitay sectos

lagescale absoption o technicians engi-nees and stategic mateiel fo he oseeable utue. Wil peope and pannes alike coninueto accept the eap o aih Reagan is asking assevices tanspoation and necessities ae cutto wad off the Soviet bogeyman?

It was a stiking featue of activis poliics inthe 970s that stugges o indusia heathand saey wee conducted agely in isoaion

fom the mainsteam o envionmentalism. Yetas Jim Bophy one o the authos o ou atice

on the Winso Occupational Saety andHealth Council has said it is essentiay thesame suggle sepaated ony by factoy was.his is one eason the Windso aice is politicay inteesting. he goup is based in theWindso tadeunion movement but om thestat its activities have seen industial healhand saety as an envionmental issue in whichwokes have he chance to act in behal o thesuounding community. And in tun commu-nity suppot has been cucia to the victoiesthat have been won school anitos foexampe won a igh with the schoo boadove asbestos only when concened paentscame to thei suppot and students at one high

schoo staged a wakout.Hee in the US it is the Reagan administa-

tion that is making the connection betweenindustia heath and the envionment bywieding a boad against all the potectionshat wee fought o in the 970s. hose espec-ialy in the mainsteam envionmental move-

ment who wee accustomed to winning victoies in the seventies ae now aced with the needo aies to avoid disastous defeats in heeighties. he Windso aicle shows albeit on avey smal scae the possibilities of such analiance.

he Windso aticle is of inteest asobecause o he extemely advese conditions in

which he heathandsafety stugges have beenconducted. Windsos depessionleve unem-poymen has anged as high as 20 pecent ovethe past two yeas and empoyes have beenquick to use the hea o mass layoffs todiscouage potests ove wokpace conditions.And to some exent this actic has succeeded.

But the Windso Occupaiona Saey ndHealth Counci ahe han folding unde hecounteattack has dug in o a long stuggle

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recen pas, e media as also begn o relecis cange wi a new "commodiy: "e

Sensiie Male. One riend repored seingor insances o "sensiie male roles

ecenly in one eening's TV iewing

'

Wi e decline in power and e ragmen-aion o e women's moemen, e pressreagains e radiional consrcion o masc-liniy as lessened. Indeed, e appropriaepaerns o mascliniy are sparkling poliicalisses oday, b e sparks are coming moslyrom e Rig. New Rig propaganda ispowerl in par becase o e images omascliniy i maniplaes By conras, eLe is no oering any coesie alernaiesense o wa progressie mascliniy migmean

In is isse, RA ediorial board member JoeInerrane as wrien an examinaion o emen's moemen sing e occasion o eSeen Naional Conerence on Men andMascliniy eld in Jly 1981 a Ts Unier-siy a sone's row rom or oice. Heproides a isory o is moemen and an

analysis o conlics beween is wo majorendencies, as well as an oerall ealaion oe conerence isel.

His analysis places e men's moemen in

e conex o eminism. Tere can be no doba eminism made possible is rebellion

agains conenional mascliniy Ironically,e men's moemen is experiencing ypes oinernal dissension and diseness a caracerized e early women's moemen. Forexample, e men's moemen appears o be abi beyond e consciosnessraising sage balling sor o any sraegy or poliical acionMore seriosly, e moemen is deeply diidedbeween is pro eminis secions and one organizaion, "Free Men, wic is explicily ani-eminis

Ye Inerrane arges a een wiin eprogressie wing o e men's moemen ereare arying degrees o accepance o analysesand acions a direcly callenge e src-

res o male power and dominaion Frer-more, ere are ineiable ambigiies in esiaion o ose wo, accsomed o domi-naing e poliical sage, wan o relinqisa cenersage posiion wio becomingpoliically inacie. Tese criicisms, skepicisms, and bewildermens are oweer oered

rom a posiion o sppor. Srely we all needgrops wic can work o simlae rerclra callenge o desrcie, insensiie,and insrmenal paerns o mascline being.


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I

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EI N DSTIALIZTION: DEBATE AMONGAPITALISTS

GOZ WOFF

In the past few years business leaders have shown increasing concern about the stae of heUS economy. They see stagflation, insufficien producivity, decreasing profi levels, laggingtechnology, too little investment in producive capital, and lack of competiiveness in world

markets. And they don't like any of it.At he same time, business leaders are careful o distinguish beween hese seriousproblems and oher problems which hey accep philosophically Plan closings, in heirvew, are merely manifesatins of a period of change and disrupion for older, decliningindusries The rost belt is losing to he sunbel; the US is losing to Japan and to industrializig Third World naions; steel, rubber, textiles, and autos are losing o compuers,aerospace, and machinery

Integral to this process of change are the impeus of capitalists to increase their pros inorder to enlarge the reproducion of capital (ie, increase capial accumulaion) and aoncomiant class sruggle in which workers tend to resis increased exploitaion In order o

increase accumulation, a variey of sraegies are pursued, including the disciplining of laborin order to keep wages low (and to reduce wages if they have risen) and the replacemen ofdemanding and unruly labor with machines In addiion, capital seeks ou cheaper, moredocile labor Thus the growth in manufacturing jobs has aken place in regions and

countries where wages tend to be lower, and where unions are less eviden and/or lessmilian

Oste E Sehen, The Mayole Eme Sae Budng 9327


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ut capital doesnt only stie out geogaphically in seach o highe poits. There alsoexists competition o investment amongsectos o the economy (and within sectos). Aswas noted above in the aea o manuacturingthee are sectos that have been gowing (sun-ise) while others have been declining ( sun-set). In addition the goodspoducing sectoas a whole has been giving way to the servicessector.

Fo many economy analysts this is but anatural pocess esulting om the biths anddeaths in the copoate species. They conveniently overloo the human costs that aeinvolved in these changes. Fo them a eadjust-ment and estuctuing will wor itsel out ascopoations and individuals see out the morepoitable sectos and egions in which to

invest. As this happens the less poitableegions will adjust their business climate so thatthey will become moe attactive to investmentin the utue. The pocess will esult in aconvegence o egional incomes accodingto one study by the Ameican EntepiseInstitute.

Nevetheless even the businessmen and theieconomists ae concened with the way in whichthese stuctural changes ae going to comeabout. From thei point o view: will thechanges come soon enough o will Ameica belet in the luch while othe counties sugeahead? How disuptive will this woing out onatual maet oces be? What copoa

tions will sue the greatest losses? Will the USis losing some basic industies that ae citicalto military poduction? Thei pimary concernis how thei own economic positions might beadvesely aected by the economic changesbought on by the dynamics o capitalism.

his is where the idea o eindstialiation

comes in. ts a single name given to a numbeo dierent policy proposals o dealing with

the economic maladies maniested by theUnited States. Cedit o coining the name isclaimed by Amitai Etzioni a sociologist andome Senio Adviso to Pesident Carte. 3ecause the economic poblems ae so coplex thee isnt any ageement yet amongbusines leades as to which oute is the best wayout o the economic cisis. ut i we ae goingto undestand what business has in mind o thenation we have to be able to distinguish among

the vaious plans which ae being proposed.We can identiy at least thee majo standsin this reindustialization debate among business leades and thei spoesmen. One might becalled the nfetteedcaitalism vesion oeindustialization because it is advanced bythose who still have a geat deal o aith in theee maet. They believe that most o the

economic poblems o the US have thei rootsin excessive governmentbusiness intedepend-ence. A second stand called the BsinessWeek version because o the nowamous issuewhich delineated the poblems acing the Seconomy as well as povided a stategy oebuilding the economy is advocated by those

who believe that o better or worse goven-ment and business ae lined to each othersates.4 A thid vesion o eindustrialization agmatic state caitalism agees with thesecond but goes one step urther and suggeststhat it is in the longtem inteests o capitalismo government to tae a guiding role in ein-dustialization. It also holds that the most

pessing needs o labo minoities womenand the poo should be taen into seiousaccount in the estucturing pocess.

Although the three eindustialization plansaent as shaply distinct as m portayingthem it is necessary to ecognize that with eachvesion dieent tactics and stategies ae being

poposed and consequently woing peoplewill be aected dieently. This means too


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equipment and buildings, through decreased

corporate tax rates, and through decreased

personal income taxes in the upper brackets.Unfettered capitalism does not ignore the

poor, the minorities, and "the truly needy in its rhetoric. One repeatedly encounters refer-

ences to the concern for the less well off, andhow workers and job seekers will gain with the

soontocome booming, restructured, revital-

ized economy. But as the Reagan program

takes shape, it becomes increasingly clear that

this rhetoric was never anything more than a

perfunctory window dressing.

Business Week

Thesecond version of reindustrialization, the Business Week approach, includes some related

proposals coming from other sources. For

example, the TimeLife empire has jumpd into

the fray with a special project on American

Renewal in which Fortune advocates a slightly

more cautious, and somewhat more broad


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everyone ese and no one wil be making

anything?23 Furthrmor, rather than wast

precious capital by having to build new pantsand the related infrastructurs in one paTt of the

&tion while the othr sctions di "naturadaths, the reindustrialization project he

envisions "wi provide work nough for

everyone as far as the ey can se4

Before this approach to rindustriaization is

accpted as the best one, w have to remind

ourslves ho Rohatyn arrives at his soution:

it involves business intrests dominating

governmnt poicy making and it involves"belttightning which means that th

workers wi pay for most of the changs headvocats, even though he caims that everyone

wil pay a pric. It is the workers who bar th

greater burdn with frozn wages or givebacks,

with higher energy costs, with rducd socialservices, with cutbacks in unempoymnt bene-

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Clarence John Laughlin, Doorway to a Los Wold, 1955


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FROM TH

RUNAWAY SHO TOTH SWATSHO:

f "Enterprise Zones and

Redevelopment of the Cities

PHLP MTTEREalie this yea Ronad Reagan tod the national conention of the NCP that his adin

istation wants to fee blacks fom the "bondage of goenment pogas enee

public officias in this county speak of feedom they usually end up meaning feedo fobusiness - and Reagan is cetainly no exception It thus coes as no supise tat wat Reagan is offeing innecity backs along with the est of the uban poo and woking classas eplacements fo those pogams ae "uban entepise ones These ones ouldsupposedy stimulate inestment in the cities especially by smal business toug taxeductions and eased egulation the two pilas of supplyside econoics Like tatdoctine as a whoe the one poposal is patly hucksteism paading as a seious policy

pesciption and patly an eement of a geneal capitalist estuctuing of the labo aketand industy The entepise one idea oiginated in Bitain about fou yeas ago when Pete Hal apofesso of uban planning became enamoed of te poitical economy of fastgoingsian counties such as Singapoe and Hong Kong Despite being a Fabian socialist bydisposition Hall appaently decided tat unfetteed capitalis was indeed the solution toeconoic deelopent - in the fist wold as well as the thid The scheme descibed byHall was picked up by Geoffey Howe a Toy teoist who becae Thatches cancelloo the exceque

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By 980 Howe was able to incorporate enterprise zones into the goernments economic

strategy and the scheme was approed orabot hal a dozen blighted areas in BritainScotland Wales and Northern relandAlthogh Hall initially wanted the zones to beree o irtally all reglation short o theprohibition against mrder political pressresorced the Thatcher goernment to limit itselto a ew concessions sch as the elimination oproperty taxes percent capital allowancesand simpliied planning reirements Neertheless the plan was denonced by the et asan attempt to retrn to nineteenthcentryconditions or indstry

Some adocates o a nineteenthcentryrenaissance here in the US adopted the zone

idea abot two years ago amid the heated discssion oer the tre o areas sch as theSoth Bronx While Carters ninspiring rbanpolicy proposals langished in Congressconseraties who had started mobilizing in aserios way oered the scheme as a bold newapproach to soling the crisis o the cities Theplan was pshed by the ltraright Heritageondation and its sta member Start BtlerIn a 980 oped article in the New Yok Tme which introdced the idea to many people Btler said the zones wold proide an attractie climate or priate money and bsinessAmong the allres he indicated wold be notonly redced taxes and eased zoning rles bt

also the possible elimination o rent control andthe minimm wage Btler contined his crsade which was

endorsed by candidate Reagan in the pages ooc Revew, the hose organ o Heritage Hearged that the depoplation and economicstagnation o older cities are oten their ownalt the reslt o misgided policies The

chie barrier to the reial o dilapidated innercity districts is not the lack o goerment inter

ention bt all too oten the presence o it ets) proide ree enterprise with the chance

to deal with the problems Jack Kemp a member o Congress romNew York State and one o the glamor boys o espplyside economics latched on to the proposal in partnership with Rep Robert arcia othe Soth Bronx a Democrat t is interestingto note that both in Britain and here the enterprise zone idea has been presented as bipartisanand ths spposedly deoid o narrow politicalmoties anything it shows how in bothcontries the dierences between the partieshae been rther redced and the acceptedwisdom o all is the need to cater to bsiness

The zone proposal became known startinglast year as the Kemparcia Bill which was

not acted on in 1980 bt was recently reintrodced As in Britain the bolder proisions schas elimination o the minimm wage weredropped or reasons o political expedience btthey remain part o a longerterm agenda heldby the spplyside crowd or not only the zonesby the entire economy Sch intentionscontine to srrond discssion o the bill andKemps oice has een ond it necessary tostate explicitly that no the Congressman is notnow calling or the abolition o child laborlaws

While it is not clear how ickly Congresswill act on the measre the enterprise zoneproposal contines to pick p steam arond the

contry ocal goerments in places sch asMiami and the District o Colmbia hae beendeeloping their own ersions o the plan and the Connectict legislatre passed a bill in Jlyestablishing zones in that state Spport or theidea thogh perhaps not in its most radicalorm has een been expressed by liberal organizations sch as the NAACP the National

Urban eage and the Congressional BlackCacs Either this is spplyside eer rn


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rampant or else what remains o the liberalestablishment ees the zones are the most that

can be expected in the way o urban policy romthe Reagan regime At east the ACIO has

denounced the plan as thelocaized version otrickledown economicsn its current orm the Kemparcia bill

would permit zone businesses various types oederal tax relie and commit loca governmentsto reducing such burdens as property taxes

and zoning aws As or workers aside romthe privilege o toiing in these paradises thebill would reward them with a 5 percent reundabe income tax credit This is in ine with thesupplysiders call or incentives to thepeople As Kemp puts it in a promotionapamphlet When it comes to his or her ow

persona weare every individua is an entrepreneur Everyone makes economic cacuations As the legislature is designed theentrepreneur will need to make ew o thosecaculations; the scheme all but guarantees hissuccess or the worker the riskrewardratio seems consideraby higher Aside romthe measley tax credit all that Kemparcia

holds out is the possibility o some kind o oThe bill is conspicuously silent on what types oempoyment might be generated in the zones

Yet the discussion o the proposal strongysuggests they wi not be the kind that insurerapid ascent up the adder o success Asiderom the hints o possibe encroachments on

the minimum wage there are indications thatthe jobs wil be not only owpaying butI probably dirty unsae and nonunion This isundoubtedly behind Kemps talk o smalindependent laborntensive industries andButlers version as stated by the New YokTmes, o dozens obasement businesses laundries garment shops bakeries and the ike

each empoying a haldozen or so unskiedworkers The emphasis paced by zone advo

cates on small business entrepreneurs is signiicant and is part o a general goriication o

smal business in the supplyside creed Theimplication here is not simply that the Right hasbeen converted to a smal is beautiul attitude but rather that they recognize that anynew economic activity in the inner cities wi belimited to arginal enterprises empoyingworkers rom the lower rungs o the labormarket hierarchy

This is o no concern to the suppysiderswho think there is no such thing as armarket segmentation an that eer rer isproperly paid in accorace ith is r ermarginal productivity i this best o a ecnomic systems Other ess cynica supporters te plan may eel that a bad job is better than

no job at a but as usual the peope who wilbe aected by the poicy wil have itte to say in

Cene Jhn Lughn The Spell of the Shadow, 1

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choosing between lous regular work and acombination o lous irregular work and inade

uate government beneits Kemps talk o thezones as a orm o "greenlining will appl tonothing other than the pockets o these vauntednew entrepreneurs erhaps the best assessmenthas been given b ormer activist am Brownwho called the zones "colonialism broughthome "9

In one sense the emphasis on business taxrelie in the zone proposal is simpl bewildering Wh is this presented as something newsomething that will suddenl stimulate neweconomic activit in urban areas The act isthat the past six ears or so have been characterized b an extraordinar eort b local

governments to attract investment throughwholesale reductions in taxes and adustmentso other laws and regulations Mobile corporations have ound themselves the recipients oseemingl endless "incentives dished up blocalities who have made a cult out ocompetitiveness

What began as a shit rom the snowbeltstates with their high levels o unionizationand taxes to the sunbelt states has turnedinto a national bidding contest or investmentThe business press is ull o advertisementsrom states and cities oering themselves tocorporate planners o aggressive are some othese ads in presenting the local workorce as

disciplined productive and willing to work orsubsistence wages that the sound like thepitches made b pimps to potential customers

The religion o business incentives was sostrong in the 1970s that in New York Cit orinstance oicials were proposing more andmore o them even in the midst o a grave

budget crisis There seemed to be no reluctanceto oer tax relie or capital at a time when thepeople were being orced to accept severe

reductions in public services laos o tens othousands o cit workers increases in the

transit are the end o ree tuition at Cit ni-versit and so orth The unuestioned principle was that in a crisis business gets incentivesand the people get austerit

New York Cit has also pioneered a zoneapproach to rebuilding the delicate "coni-dence o business at least in the ield oinance The large commercial banks were

rewarded or their role in precipitating thebudget crisis with an intense eort b local oicials to get the entire cit declared a ree bank-ing zone The ederal Reserve inall approvedthe plan this ear reeing Citibank ChaseManhattan and their brethren rom muchtaxation and regulation (including reserve

reuirements and interest rate limitations Theclaim was that the establishment o a monetarree zone would create thousands o new obs inthe cit b allowing the banks to bring backhome the international inance business nowconducted in places such as London and theBahamas The number o new obs has beendisputed but in an event the new scheme doeslittle more than institutionalize a tax haven andgive reer rein to a group o rapaciousenterprises

Corporations have become so used to thissort o treatment that in the rare instance whena local government acts dierentl business isoutraged This has happened with New York

tates attempt to tax the oil companies orrevenues needed to ease the inancing o masstransit ollowing the transit strike in New York Cit last ear the legislature approved a 2 percent lev on the gross revenues o oilcompanies and prohibited them rom passingthe tax on to customers The oil behemoths led

b Mobil irst threatened to stop doing business in the state and then took the matter tocourt claiming the tax was "discriminator


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ad confiscatory" The courts agreed, and thetaxes were voided

This year the legislatue passed a new tax thatthe companies were free to pass on at the pump.Still, Mobil spitefully raised its prices 6 cents a

gaBon far more than the cost of the tax Thecrude way in which Mobil acted provoked an

'.utcry even from the likes of Mayor Koch, sothe company lowered the increase to 1 3 cents.This is hardly a popular victory; it only meansthe tax will cost Mobil nothing rather thanbeing an opportunity for gross theft.

This, then, is one side of the enterprise zoneproposal It furthers the reversal of fiscal power

f .Clrece John Laugln. The Head i te Wall. /945

relations that has characterized the response tothe social struggles of the 1960s. In that period,public workers and the poor forced the state at both the federal and local levels toimprove the conditions of their lives by expand

ing public expenditures. Now the stateunabashedly orients itself to meeting thedemands of business Supplyside economics isthe elevation of this new policy to a theology; itis the culmination of a fisca counterrevolution

Despite the laissezfaire rhetoric of the

supplysiders, the enterprise zone proposalshould also be understood as a form of capital-

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ist planning aimed at a basic restructuring oproduction ad the labor market In this senseit is not so dierent rom the more explicitsocialengineering approach, now largely out oavor but still promoted by elix Rohatyn, WallStreet inancier and supposed saver o citiesOver the past ive years Rohatyn has issuedcalls or an urban Marshall Plan through thecreation o a new Reconstruction inance Cor-poration To provide the managerial talent or

such a proect, Rohatyn has proposed an urbanpeace corps, consisting o young executiveswho would take time o rom their corporateobs to save the cities o America.

Rohatyn has made no bones about how hewould reshape innercity areas to serve theneeds o business He oered the ollowingrecipe in 1976: "Take a 30block area, clear it,blacktop it, and develop an industrial park withthe whole package o tax, employment, inanc-ing incentives already in place. 1 \ Actually, itdoes not sound so dierent rom an enterprisezone, though Rohatyns scheme would includelarge ederal investments and public obsprograms. That would be tempered, however,

with the kind o local iscal austerity he insti-tuted in New York and has more recently beenpreaching to cities such as Cleveland andDetroit

Each approach tolerates the uncontrolledmobility o capital at the same time that itencourages marginal industry. To some extent

the latter aspect is meant as a remedy or theeects o the ormer rban redevelopment inwhatever orm is supposed to pick up the piecesin communities devastated by runaway plants.Waged work in substandard conditions servesas a orm o social control In line with thescal counterrevolution, it is deemed better tokeep the people in precarious employment thanto grant their subsistence through socialspending

The zone proposal pursues this aim withprecedents rom the Third World, where capitalhas been much bolder in its experiments incontrolling labor In a sense all o Puerto Ricowas made a zone ater World War II throghOperation Bootstrap An analagous scheme,the Border Industrialization Program, wasinstituted in Mexico ollowing the end o theBracero, or guest worker, system in 965. Sincethe early 1960s dozens o Third World coun

tries, especially in Asia, have created exportprocessing zones, in which oreign investors,mainly rom the S and West Germany, wereable to take advantage o cheap and veryclosely controlled labor in assembly operationsthat had been shited out o actories in theadvanced countries. It is not surprising that the

Wangon o recently said, "the idealbehind the urban enterprise zone is to help thenation s blighted central cities ollow the development trail blazed by the industrializing countries o Asia

I n Asia, the zones have even spread to China,where Hong Kong entrepreneurs are seekingeven cheaper labor than they have in that city-

state. But to their dismay they have ound that,although Chinas new leadership is promotingoreign investment, the workers have a morecasual attitude Te Econom magazine oondon has reported that the Hong Kongbosses are conronted with "laziness, indiscipline, and shoddy workmanship Workers

accustomed to the relaxed pace o Chinesecommunes have ound it hard to adust to thestandards expected by Hong Kong prot seekers.

The zone idea in the S suggests the creationo the Third World in the midst o the irstThis is true in the change o sovereignty o citiesimplied by the establishment o special areas inwhich many laws do not apply. As in the exportprocessing zones o Taiwan, South Korea, and


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esewhere, oca authortes woud pay tteore than a syoc roe, and the rea powerwoud e hed y the entrepreneurs. Rohatyn

and hs coeagues hae aready paed the way

for ths n New York, Yonkers, and other ctes, where eergency fnanca contro oards haeput usnessen n power oer eected offcas.

Aso as n the Thrd Word, the zones coude characterzed y a rtua tarzaton ofthe condtons of work and ng. Part of ths

woud undoutedy e a serous ncrease n thentensty of expotaton Recent years haeaready seen a resurgence of sweatshop aorad a genera expanson of owwage os nargna ndustres. State Senator Franz ech-ter has estated that as any as 00 peopeay e workng n sweatshops n New YorkCty aone, for wages as ow as $ a day 14There hae aso een any ndcatons ofgrowth n offtheooks aor and the under-ground econoy, n addton to the ncreasnguse of freeance, teporary, and partteworkers n aoeground usnesses

Whe any peope prefer ore exeworkng condtons, there s no dout that us-

ness s eager to decrease ts use of fute,peranent, decenty pad epoyees Ths hasgone aong wth a certan decentrazaton ofproducton the cosng or scang down ofhe operatons of arge factores n faor ofsaer stuatons n whch the workers are notunonzed, are pad ess, and hae no jo secur-ty In soe cases, the decentrazaton goes asfar as reocatng producton n the worker'shoe There has een a sgncant expanson

of hoe aor, oth ega and ega, n recentyears, and the Reagan aor Departent hascaed for the enaton of a restrctons onths practce, whch has tradtonay eensuect to extense epoyer ause Snce

aost a hoe workers are feae, ths forof epoyent fts n wth the Rght's oe to

force woen ack nto the hoe whe retan-ng the as a source of cheap aor

Thus, one way to understand the enterprse

zone proposa s as an attept to ratonazeand nsttutonaze the underground econoy Instead of the current stuaton, n whch fy-ynght usnesses expot workers n sweatshops and through hoe aor for a whe andthen dsappear, sa entrepreneurs coud dothe sae n a ore ordery way The sweatshop

propretor woud no onger e a an, utrather the protagonst of a new era of econocgrowth. S

It ay see odd to speak of sweatshops andargna os at a te when the eda areayhoong a new technoogca reouton anda new wae of autoaton n the factory, theoffce, and the hoe. Increasngy sophst-cated croprocessors and eentuaycoputers that can thnk are supposed to etransforng our es

The fact s that oth tendences are rea: thereare sutaneous oes toward aorntense,prte fors of producton and toward anadanced eectroncs, genetc engneerng, and

the ke. What ths pes s an ncreasngpoarzaton of oth the fors of productonand the condtons of work and fe for thepeope noed n each phenoenon. Moreand ore, the econoy and socety wproay e dded The arger nuer ofpeope w fnd thesees n tghter spots:

grossy reduced soca serces, rreguarepoyent, poor wages and workng cond-tons, and nadequate and deterorated housngand transportaton A saer group of ndus-tra workers and techncans w e reateypreged. As n the apanese ode, whcharge corporatons here are hastenng to adopt,ths reduced aor force w e pertted good

wages, enefts, and jo securty n exchangefor oyaty and dscpne 1 6 Workng condtons

23


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my very wel be ser snce robots wl bedong much o the dcult or hrdous lbor but probbly more borng.

The two groups n ths dmttedly smpedscheme my very wel t together n terms oproducton. Even dvnced ndustres woudtke dvntge o chep lbor n certnprocesses n dton to servng s orm o

socl contro, the mrgnl sector (whchwould n terms o se be r rom mrgnl)would thus contrbute to the ccumuton ocpt Lke the exportprocessng onesbrod, lAmercn swetshops wouldbecome ntegrted nto the new hghy rg-mented nterntonl dvson o lbor.

The t my not be so net n socl terms.The ttempt to crete new moblty o lbor

24

comprbe to tht o cptl nd the redenton o terrtorl contro n vor o busnessre bound to ce more resstnce The eventso Brxton nd Lverpoo my be repeted onths sde o the Atntc.

Ahnt o the new orms n whch concts wltke pce cn be seen n Detrot. Ater yers ocontroversy round the country bout pnt

cosngs, communty n tht cty ound tsebttng plnt openng. Resdents n the Poe-town secton wged brve but doomed btte gnst the destructon o teen hundredhomes nd the rest o the neghborhood tomke room or sprwlng Cdlc ctoryThe mn enemy ws not Generl Motors, but

the cty government, whch not ony provdedGM enormous tx btements but so took


27/80

on the dty wok of ssembln the needlesslye ste Those homeownes who efused tose out t belowmket tes found themselves

hssed nd fced wth wve of son. Aoup of esdents who occuped chuch weefocbly emoved by poce nd the buldnws mmedtely ed by buldoes

Poetown shows how the eftbel suppotfo jobs t l costs (the poston tken by theUnted Auto Wokes nd Myo Colemn

Youn) s ndequte n the cuent contextBusness s now n poston to expnd employ-ment but the queston s whee nd unde whtcondtons

An nte pt of ou esponse to the newoffensve of cptl must be the deveopment ofnew foms of stue eltn to moblty ndtetoy Ths bens wth smple esstnce to

dsplcement nd mltton of the ctesYet f we e tuly on to tun the tbes wehve to fht fo communty conto n moefundment sense Body ths would menfndn wy of mpovn ou lves dectynot thouh dn busness. To tlk of utono-mous development n socety stll contoled

by cptl ses l knds of obstcles But theonly hope fo the futue s to eplce entepseones wth lbeted ones

Footot. ame Anderon "Back to the 9th Century NSttsmn July 11 198..N ok ims une 13 198.3. Stuart Butler "Urban Renewal A Modet Propoal Polc Rvi13 (Summer 98) 98.4.N Yok ims Noember 3 198.. Congreional Quarterly Wkl Rpot May 9 98p.86.6. ack Kemp "A Strategy for ob in the nner City pamphlet (undated) p. 3.7. Quoted in Ntionl Joul February 14 981 p.6.8.N Yok ims Noember 3 198.9. Quoted in n hs ims March 1-7 198.. See Robert Kuttner h Rvolt o th Hvs Rbllions n H ims Simon & Schuter New York98 ch.1 "he ax Abatement Game.1.N Yok ims March 16 9761. Wshinton Post June 19 981.13.h onomist (London) uly 11 198 p. 74.14.N Yok ims February 6 1981.1. See the outrageou editoral "n Praie of Sweathop on s March 16 981.16 For more on the Japanee model and how t i beingmported into US indutry ee eremy Man "Wetnghoue Cultural Reolution otun June 1 1981;Specal Report "he New ndutral Relaton usinssWk May 1 1981; and Earl C.Gottchalk "U.S.FirmWorried By Productiity Lag Copy Japan in Seeking

Employee Adice Wll Stt Joul February 1198." .)_"':'I JOB OPENINGI

The Fundng xchange eeng a taffperon for t-NY offce The xchange an aocaton of 7foundaton commtted to upportng grarootPHIL MATTERA is a writer living in New social change projects. Requirements: strong organ-,IYork. He is a frequent contributor toRA and izational and communications skills, general ofcela woeo u in e Sep Oc 9 iue ll, ega or foundaton experence helpful; 2 year"Small i no beauul: Decenalized oduc commtment Salary: $17655 heath beneft; endion and e Undegound Econom in Ial reume, ncudng poltcal/communty wor to

Fundng xchange Ffth Avenue #124 NY NY11 1 Deadlne ct 9 19 1 Thrd World peole

Jwomen encouraged to apply . ..25


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Mag Deu


29/80

FIHTIN F HTHND SFTY:

INDS, NTI

Jim Brophy ad oh ackso

Eve ea 1 5, Caada ad US oke ae ked o e ob, ad a ee150, oe de a a eu of avg bee expoed o aeaug age eokpae Ma o of oe ae ued 5 o ea f e ou o emo of ae a ae ofa epoed Govee ade begg e1970 a deag ga o, bu ee poga e o ue ued afo du, epea e US oe poa a eve fo e gaoo ogao a ave go up o ok o dua ea ad afe o keep oe o ea oe ad opae expeee ae e o ae e expeee ofe Wdo Oupoa Safe d Hea Cou WOSH) o e ae ogeead a pobe e ave eoueed ou ok o a Wdo a eav duaed oue Oao u ao e bode foDeo Ade o auo eb e Wdo a foude, pa boo, aoe foakg pa good ad abeo bake g, ad oe aadou okpae og be a ao poue, o o of auoobe, bu ao of dua aueddeae Bu o ee a e fg fo a fe okpae a beoe a poa

i ricle w wrien wi conderle elp from oer memer of WSH.t i revied nd updted veron of n rticlet ppered in Cnin Dimnin une 1980.

2


30/80

focus of worker actvsm and has gotten theunderstandng, sympathy, and support ofworkers' fames and the communty at arge

he deveopment of WOSH has been coseynterwoven wth ths strugge

he rigins of WSH

For a number of years before WOSH'sfoundng n the wnter of 197980, heath and

safety had been an ssue n ndvdua workpaces he Unted Auto Workers (UA W) ocarepresentng Bendx Corporaton workers, whoproduced asbestos nng for brakes, had stageda threemonth strke n 1977, many to get afutme heath and safety representatve JackMcCann, who undertook the ob, worked

especay on compng nformaton aboutcancer suffered by Bendx workers Asbestoshas been known snce the eary 19s to be oneof the most dangerous of a workpace substances; t s estmated to be responsbe for 17percent of a cancer deaths n Canada and theUS In 1979 the UAW presented the provncaWorkmen's Compensaton Board wth three

cases of Bendx workers who had cancer of thearynx

28

Lkewse, the UAW heath and safetycommtteemen at the Canadan Rock Sat mne,Bob McArthur and Harod Woodson, ddresearch for eghteen months on dese emssons from underground machnery, a chroncprobem for eery mner n the country Theemssons brng headaches, drowsness, eye andthroat rrtaton, and the coughng up of backand gray sputum he ongterm effects aremuch more serous he unon's research begun when a worker showed a newspapercppng to Bob McArthur, who taked to thereporter and foowed up a wdenng crce of

eads showed that dese emssons contan ateast sx carcnogens

Larry Gauther, the O, Chemca andAtomc Workers (OCA W) heath and safetyrepresentatve at Wyeth Ltd, a oca producerof brth contro ps and tranquzers, was aso gettng a ot of compants about heath probems Femae workers were deveopng rreguarmenstrua perods and headaches, and one ofthe mae workers deveoped enarged breastshe suspected cause was the estrogen used nmanufacturng brth contro ps There was

aso growng fear about possbe exposure tososorbde dntrate, a compound that canncrese susceptbty to heart attacks

A maor step n takng these compants outof the soaton of ndvdua workpaces camen the sprng of 1979, when the Ontaro Federaton of Labor organzed a course for heathand safety representatves n Wndsor Thoseworkers who attended became better abe topnpont the causes of the compants they wererecevng hey aso earned how specfc hazards coud be removed and what ega routescoud be used to pressure empoyers o date,approxmatey five hundred unon membersfrom across the provnce have taken the course

In Juy 1979, the UAW and the OntaroPubc Interest Research Group (OPIRG)organzed a pubc forum on the asbestosprobem at Wndsor's two Bendx pants heunon eafetted the two Bendix pants andOPIR dstrbuted eaets to the resdents nthe neghborhood It was known that asbestoscoud have spread nto the area because of theway t was dumped outde the factory About135 peope attended ths forum; many of thesewere from other workpaces around the cty.Several stood up to voce concerns about therdaytoday stuatons As a resut, awarenesswas ncreased among the workers n ths ctyabout common probems they were facng hs

recognton ed naturay to an understandngof the need to work together and to dea wth


31/80

their problems

The forum and an accompanying news conference also stimulated new publicity for theissue. The Windsor and Detoit media and

, nationa news services in Canada have, sincethat time paid close attention to the activitiesover occupational ealth in Windsor Majorarticles appear egulary in local newspapersand the issue gets a lot of television time as wellIn the spring of 1980, a halfhour special on the

occupational health struggles in Windsorappeared on the local TV station; it was asoshown on many other stations across thecountry

The success of the forum in arousing publicsupport encouraged the Wyeth and the RockSat safety and health commttees to publicze

their research that fal. Also a group of workersand other concerned citizens took everyopportunity to discuss occupational healthprobems and to educate the pubic about theirrights under The Ontario Health and SafetyAct Bl 70 This bil enacted in October 1979as a response to widcat strkes by northernOntaro uranium mners affords workers the

right to refuse work that they deem unsafe. Itaso provides for heath and safety commttees

in every workpace wth more than twentyworkers. The act further attempts for the frsttime in Ontario to establsh some contro over

toxc substances in the workpace.Durng the month of November our first

meetngs were hed estabishng the WindsorOccupational Safety and Heath Council. That

beginning group was made up of about twentypeople. ost of them were workers from avarety of dfferent industries. Severa of themwere health and safety representatives at thepants they worked n. But in addton to these

workers the meetngs were reguary atended

by other concerned ctizens in the communtysevera of whom were activey nvoved n other

environmental issues

During the first part of 1980, we formaized

our existence by approving a constitution andelecting officers. Gerry Becigneul was elected

chairperson and Barbara Wimbush vice-chairperson. Both were longtime AW activists, Becigneul at Canadian Rock Salt and

Wimbush at a pasics factory. The role playedby more experienced trade unionsts such as thishas been key in our work.

Marg Deutsch

Into the Battle

To hep spur pubc awareness the new

WOS aong with OPIR and the antinucearDownwnd Aace for a Safe Energy Futurebrought the famous Amercan envronmentastBarry Commoner to spea This meetng drewa ot of attenton rom the press. Dr. Com

moner sad that workers shoud be prepared foran industra counterattac aganst the occupatona heath movement. He descrbed theattempts eing made to dsmante the Occupa-

tona Safety and Heath Admnistraton in the

29

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US ad paiuay he use of "oseefiaayses as a eas of aoidig wokpae

ipoees.Thee days afe D Cooes isi

;

WOSH hed a ews ofeee. We eeasedOaio Misy of Laou doues show

ig ha he Bedix Copoaio had faied oopy wih dieies issued agais i i 966


33/80

and a mnsr ad ad o nor sown drvs Ts nws was mad all mor drama b a a a rour-

arold Bndx workr ad us bn dagnosdas avng wo norabl ung umors aolo-gss sd s umors onand asbsosbrs s du o dsrb sok as n vn among WSH o wn snws am ub drw anon noon o loal ommun bu o naonal mda as wll

A rs Bndx and mnsr d bnd a a asbsosnar onnraons aBndx wr urrn blow ga lms Tmnsr mad som ous noss unl woworkrs xrsng r nw rgs undr B70 rusd o work n asbsos darmnDarng a ara was unsa rusd

o work un asbsos lvl was sgnanrdud (n a lvl rmd undrnaro law was wn ms grar an lv sd b mos advand US lawa o Calona) Undr Bl 70 su arusa mmdal brngs n rovnal ns-ors T rssur on mnsr was madvn grar b anon a naonalmda wr gvng srugg Exnsv mon-rng was don and mnsrs san admd a asbsos sandadmg b oo nn H suggsd ub arngs o rxamn sandards and sabsras vs or or ox subsans Tswas a maor ang n mnsrs san

ond door or vr rad unon andnvronmnal grou n rovn o rsn brs and ara ub anon o arno-

gns n workan Fbrua 1 1 a adr d a ubl

mng w mor an 125 rad unonss nWndsor on ssu o ouaona aadr masd mna o asbsos Hd a sud smang a asbsos aon wl

lam lvs o a almlon workrsbwn now and ar 2000 WSH ladrGrr Bgnu ld ous adrs dsus-

son on loal suaon s mad mngs ma all mor owrul Txang rad an moran amosr nWndsor surd Wndsor Labor Counlsuor or WSH and nouragd al and sa ol o manan sruggl

Countrattack

Two das ar adrs vs BndxCororaon n Und Sas announda was sng on o Bndx lans nWndsor o Gnra oors or a arkng loTs would lmna xv obs Wndsoralrad ad gs ra o unmomn

wnwo args s n Canada andnow n mdd o a aandsasruggl mr was usng s umawaon a an sudown

T da ar osur was annound naro Workmns Comnsaon Boardrd n o svnn ams submdb UAW on ba o Bndx workrsAloug Boad ad o ar rasonso ub man o ass wr urnddown on nas su as ak o adndn o wom nson ould bawardd or us o oudad xosurvlsandads n on nsan a am was dndbaus vn oug workrs mo-

mn xndd or r dads s aanad bn xosd o aardous vls or ssan rurd n onnuous as

T ma o s vns anng as dd n uk susson was dvasangor Bndx workrs an o workrs a ras unon ad ovrdramad asbsos aard and a an osurwas a unsmn or a ub T

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32

ng fro he Corporaon's and govern-en's perspecves was excellen

Four onhs laer he workers a he

reanng Bendx plan n Wndsor showed upfor work as usual A en ha ornng heywere sen hoe The Corporaon had decdedo close s Wndsor operaons copleely In acy wh an ofcal uneployen rae of usover 15 percen he loss of anoher fvehundred obs had a draac pac on hewhole couny Ruors quckly crculaedhrough oher workplaces where healh andsafey ssues wer beng pursued ha he saehng could happen o her plans ha hadhappened a Bendx. These nososublehreas were naed by anageen

To hs day our healh and safey workconnues o be plagued y he workers' fears of

sulang plan closures Wh Wndsor'suneployen rae sayng a an unusually hghlevel hs fear s undersandably a very deep-rooed one The prory ha workers place onhealh and safey probles s serously affecedby Wndsor's bleak econoc suaon.

Th Plastics Invstigation

The hrea of shudowns n a e of hghuneployen has also syed our workaroundhe probles of he plascs ndusry nhe suer of 1979 Bob McArhur andBarbara Wbush he UAW healh and safeyrepresenave for a sall plascs facory had

e o dscuss wha should be done abou hehealh probles arsng a her plan Workerswere experencng no only headaches andnausea bu also har and skn dscoloraonbreahng dffcules loss of feelng n hehands and severe nose bleeds. These seeed obe sgns f oxc exposure possbly o one of

he os dangerous workplace carcnogensvnyl chlorde

TH E G H

E F U

UAWOK

M Dutsh

The WS councl decded o conacworkers a each placs plan n he cy andorgane a eeng o brng ogeher workersfro all pars of he ndusry Ths was he rse n Wndsor ha an occupaonal healh

ssue had been approached on an ndusry-wde raher han planbyplan bass Thswas poran because he boo lne n anyhealh and safey sruggle s always he poss-bly of a plan closure. Snce he plascsndusry s labornensve wh lle nvesen n achnery s easy for a copany osply shu down and ove We fel he only

way workers n he plascs ndusry couldreasonably nluence boh he governen andhe ndusry was o work ogeher akng on deands

We asked Dr John Marshall a parcpan nhe asbesos foru o coe back o Wndsoro ee wh he plascs workers. The a was

o ake up a edcal quesonnare whchwould help he safey coees educae he


35/80

workers about health hazards. We also hoped

that data from the questionnaires could be usedto force the Ministry of Labour to intervene in

all the plants. The meeting at which the questionnaire wasdeveloped was an intense learning experience.More than twentyfive workers attended. Dr.Marshall started by asking the workers todescribe the work process and then asked ifthey experienced any iscomforts or healthproblems t was the first time many of the

plastics workers made the link betwen healthproblems and the workplace. This link was

made all the stronger when the people from

different plants told about having the samesymptoms.

With the assistance of a multiracial center,we translated the questionnaire into three

languages other than English so that immigrantworkers would know exactly what was beingasked of them. We also saw this as helping tobreak down some of the divisons in the

workforce.The questionnaires documented shockingly

high rates of chest pains, dizziness, blackouts,nosebleeds, nausea, vomiting, and numbness of

the fingers For example, at one plant, 71 percent of the employees who responded said they

had chest pains, 88 percent dizziness, and 41percent blackouts.

As we feared would happen from the begin-

ning, once the companies discovered thatpeople were beginning to organize around

health problems in their plants, management.\ began to threaten plant closures. Even though. ventilating systems would not have cost that

much to install, the companies used the highunemployment rates as a weapon with which torebuff the slightest hint of challenge to their

mastery of workplace. We were faced with an

atmosphere of intimidation and fear in whichneither workers nor union officials were willing

to take the risk of pressing the health issue.

Therefore, the problems that were shown soclearly in the questionnaire results have still not

been dealt with.

Asbestos i the Schoos

Our first big success, on the other hand,came in the work we did with a public employ

ees union The Ontario Ministry of Educationhad asked all school boards in the province to

inspect for asbestos during the summer of1979.

A year later, the Windsor Board of Educationstarted its inspection. In October it reportedthat sixteen of its sixty buildings had perforated

asbestos, but that none of these was serious.

Eightyfive percent of the asbestos was in theboiler room so, according to the Board of Education, it was not a serious health hazard.

But the whole study was thrown into question when the person who conducted the inspection said that he did not know what asbestoslooked like. He also said that he had takensamples and done repairs without being

informed of the dangers to his own and others'

health. This man was a member of the Cana

dian Union of Public Employees ( CUP E) Local27, the maintenance workers in the publicschools.

CUPE tried to persuade the school board todo a proper inspection, then came to us for helpwhen they were rebuffed. We helped them gainthe ear of the media, whose diligent reportingwas crucial to making it a p ublic issue. Afer

considerable pressure not only from theunion and WOSH but also from parents anda student walkout at one of the high schools,the Board agreed to a completely new inspection . This time an outside expert was brought inand the CUPE Local27 president accompaniedhim on the inspection. Fortysix schools were

found to have asbestos problems, with twenty-six of these schools requiring major repairs.

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The repairs prgram was begu i ebruary1981, y hree mhs afer we had firs gepubic wih he issue.

The ui as charged he sch barduder Bi 70 wih faiure prec he healhf e f is empyees he maieacewrer wh cduced he firs ispeci. Thiscur case is w beig heard

Othr WOSH Activitis

ur primary fcus eds be educaiaWe hae cduced seera eeewee cursesa he ca cmmuiy cege. We hae alsmade may preseais a meeigs i hecmmuiy, uder he auspices f uis,churches, schs ad eirmea grups.uch educaia wr e meshes we wih

he suppr wr we d fr specific grups fwrers. I fac, i was CUP membersered i ur cmmuiycege curse whsaed quesi he way asbess was beighaded. fer hey decided push harder fra prper ispeci ad ceaup, we hepedhem d he research, frmuae heir demads,ad prepare fr press cfereces ad pubic

meeigs.

34

We hae as deeped a exesie ibraywih deaied maerias specific subsaces adwrpace siuais. I is used by a wide aieyf grups. ur ew ffice (made aaiabe byCUP) we hae becme a resurce ha is usedwheeer heah ad safey issues cme up.

ecey whe a pesicide ha was decarediega i Caada was brugh a srage faci-iy ea Widsr (preparary beigdumped bac i he Uied aes) weheped gie raiway ad her uis he ifr-mai hey eeded rgaie agais haig hade i. u f his figh has cme a igh Kw Cmmiee frmed chiefy by he rai-way uis ad he firefighers ui. e issues ha hae direc reai heah ad

safey, ur wr has gie us a id f credibi-iy i he cmmuiy. r exampe, wrers aa chrmebumper pa wh were ccupyig

heir facry eep i frm beig shu dwcaed us because ur research gae us smwedge f heir idusry.

We hae as prepared maerias which cabe used i ur educai prgrams. Prbabyhe ms successfu f hese is a fifeemiuesideape shw caed ccepabe iss. I

prides a irduci he issues iedi heah ad safey. Lca wrers describesme f he heah issues ad srugges ha heyhae bee ied i. his pi, frycpies f ccepabe iss hae beedisribued acrss he cie. educa-ial ha we hae jus cmpeed is Wrer's Guide ccupaia Heah adafey. This pcesie be expaiscmm wrpace haards ad suggess waysf deaig wih hem.

Th Rol of Profssionals in WOSH

The ams cmpee absece f prfessiapepe frm WH ses us apar frm may

f he ccupaia heah cmmiees i heU, which i geera were iiiaed by scie-iss, medica dcrs, heah care wrers, adidusria hygieiss. I ur case, ahugh wehae fud awyers wh hae bee quie hep-fu, here has bee ams ieres i urwr amg ca medica pepe.

The absece f prfessias has affecedWH's deepme prfudy. I hasfrced he wrers educae hemsees ad hers abu ccupaial heah ccers ad becme cersa wih as much f heaaiabe daa as hey ca. aher ha urig prfessias fr iesigais ad wriereprs, he wrers direcy affeced hae beefu paricipas i he prcess. This has giehem a id f pwer, sice access ad


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contro ovr scntc normaton s prmrqst or powr n or socty It has asomad s mor o a drct contrbtor to th

dvopmnt o an occpatona hath movmnt than ar many o thos commtts whchs thr man ncton as bng a rsorc orworkrs n thr sparat pants

O cors th absnc o prossonas hasbn a handcap at tms and w wod ov tohav mor mdca pop to work wth

Compans aways hav xprts" thy canbrng n to tsty n harngs Mdca andscntc prossonas who ar amar wthth tchnca tratr n thr ds can aso bmmnsy hp n provdng raw data thatworkrs can assss

Te Role of te Unions in WOSH

Whn Barry Commonr vstd s ary n90 h pontd ot that jst as workrs havto ngotat wth compans to achv thatothr basc rght a vng wag workrshav to ngotat nto thr contracts adqatsagards or hath and saty hcompany won't gv yo anythng" h sad

Yor most powr wapon s yor ngotatng powr Th spport o th non hrarchys ncssary to mak ths mattrs cntra ngotatng concrns

Most o th pop who hav bn th adngorc n th dvopmnt o WOSH hav bnpant hath and saty rprsntatvs and

rank-and- workrs who hav gottn togthrthrogh WOSH to work on thr probms Or xprnc howvr has shown that wcannot tak or grantd th whohartdspport o thos n th ppr chons o thnon hrarchy

pposite 50,000 opies o this pamphet ere ordereddestroyed by the eagan dministration becase o its"ias coer

35


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PCrs F

ASr{/s nu

me f te wk we ave e, te uiieay a witaw uppt at a itiapit We ti appe, te we efft mayfizze ut at eat be weakee teitae, weve, te ui ffia avebee te mai eae i vey iffiutet a afety tugge Te ui eae

ip f CPE put amazigy ig eve feegy, ime, a mey it te figt agitabet i te Wi pubi Te ai-way ui pvie tg eaeip i tepetiie tugge Te Wi LabuCui' eemet f u wk a beeepfu Te membeip f CPE La 7a w w eiuy it fee abut u wkby ettig up a uy aiti t tei uiue i e t give egua fiaia aitaet WSH

36

Daie ema i Deat n te Jb giveme imptat iigt it wy ui mayave mixe feeig abut eat a afetyiue

ne reult an nherent tenency on the partof top unon leaer to favor money eman

Mg Deush

Wage ncreae enable the organaton to rae tue wthout any correponng ncreae n taffwor Smlarly, ncreae n employer penonfun contrbuton gve the unon' leaerhpmore fnancal power; epeng on the egree ofcontrol unon trutee have over the fun,leaer can rae ther own alare an put more

of ther alle an relatve on the wor payroll.By contrat, the occupatonal heath an afetyue confer no rect beneft on unon ofcal.Intea t ncreae the taff worloa wthoutgeneratng atonal ncome to eal wth theeman on taff tme New an untrutworthyhealth techncan who want rect contact wthran an le mut be hre Snce afety nher

ently a local ue t ht power to hoheawho are the . . . natural eneme of the unonofca, wth a concertng tenency to assumef)that every grevance mut be ettle here andnow

tug te ui weeate upptat be take f gate, it i ea tat tey

mut be bugt it te et a afetytugge Peue fm te ak a e wieue tat ti appe


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of oey tey ofot te uos wt teoe of obs o eat Wokes Wdsoae beog easgy awae tat tey ustot fa fo ts baka Te eat sks aetoo obous eg used to akg tsoe gaay exoses te ooatos'aous dsegad fo te es of te wokesTese wokes ae og to eae tat ftey ae to ae a safe wokae tey ustoto te wok oess

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1. Onri Feern f bur,Oupton Hth Sty Mnu (1979), pp. 1-7 n Dnie Bermn,Dthon th Job (New Yrk, 1978, pp. 85. 2 bi. 171. Len Wce n Jhn Shie, he WnrOccupin Sfey n Heh Cunci: he Figh frOccupin Heh n Sfey n ime f EcnmcCrii (unpubhe, 1981, p .

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ae sa membes o WOSH

COMM(NITY PRESS FEAT(RES WOEN'SSCRAPBOOK IS A GOLD INE FOR ANYWOMEN'S ORGANIZATION Its a comprehensve collecton of 170 graphcs ready foruse n leafets, posters and publcations Thiscoecton refects the strength and dversity ofthe last ten years of the women's movementand covers every aspect of our ongong struggle Its a vauabe collecton to have and touse To purchase, send $35.00 to CommuntyPress Features, 100 Arlngton Street, 2ndfloor, Boston, MA 021 1 6


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ADVRARIND MODL:

Alternative Institutionsin an Age of Scarcity

Carl Hedma

A dngng eae o e aenae non o e 960 and ea 1970 aa e ed o ombne an exena qe o maneam non an nenaqe o opdon oganaona e o exampe e pa ee n o ea a onened no on aengng e neqe o e domnan ea ae

em b ao eang ne moe demoa a o okng ogee a adene doo and paen A a Sa p

nearly all adversary grops aemped o exemplify a leas some alernaive ideals as eyproesed agains dominan insiions.

o be e aemp o ombne adeaa and exempa oe a no o pobem n Sa' e onenon aed a adeo beeen exempng

dea and agng on and ee a a enden o em o adop ee exempaoganaon o engagng n on o adea oganaon o mmedaeaempng o eae mae ae ndeed Sa goe on o gge a oe o oae ommed o e gdng dea o e moemen od be e aded o adopmoe ea goa:

Mos coneinsiions experience some ension abo ho exempary or ho adversarialhey can afford o be, and make he necessary radeoff and compromises A fe coner-

insiions of he sixies aemped o psh boh o heir limis and brned hemselves o in abrief incandescen glare

Oppse: Dn Gns41

1


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courses that was bringing doens of new [] v c if i


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g gstudents each month What was attracting mostof these people was the school's explicit com-

mitment to open enrollment and absolutely

oluntary attendance t became clear thatthere were hundreds perhaps thousands ofyoung people in the city who needed a tuition-free escape from traditional public schools. Bythe end of its second year, most of the studentswere from low income families What thestudents wanted once they had decided to getdown to work was highly indiidualiedinstruction in basic skills As Multicultural waspulled into the lies of innercity people, as itsolunteers got beyond the euphoria of startingtheir ery own "free school, its literaturebegan to stress Ian Illich's analysis of howschools rationalie a classdiided society:

i xci c iz i fi c y cc

i c fm cic c. Ty xc fm v c c iz yi cc. i ii y iz i fi (ic i m m")c f i f 5

Courts were still sending young people toreform school for truancy when Multicultural

was founded Gien a typical bigcity situationwhere thousands of young people were refusingto attend traditional schools, Multicultural'senrollment began to take off Beginning with 30students in 1972, enrollment reached 1 by 973 , and 200 by 974. To meet the needs of allthese people and Multicultural was findingthat a surprisingly large number of socalled

43

)

1II


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4

drputs didwant t wrk n their basics whengiven a supprtive envirnment they estabished three sma utreach centers in dnatedspace in churches and scia agencies. Theppuatin f each f hese centers tended trefect the intercity neighbrhd it servedThe Westside center was neary haf back andhad three r fur Native American students.The Suthside center had a arge number fLatin students Students were pretty evenydivided between men and wmen, and therewere students frm a sciecnmic casses,thugh the majrity f students cntinued tcme frm pr famiies.

As the wrd gt ut that Muticutura wasnt ny a pace t escape the truant fficer but a

Don Garonski

friendy pace t begin preparing fr the highsch equivaency ED) exam enrmentsnwbaed. By 1975 Muticutura had furcenters and served as the fficia sch frecrd fr ver 40 yung pepe between theages f furteen and eighteen. Thrughutthese eary years Muticutura reied primariyn vunteers many f whm put in as many

as twentyfive hurs a week whie supprting themseves with ther jbs When it becamepssibe t pay a mdest stipend t pepethrugh VISTA, these psitins tended t g tkey vunteers wh had a cear understandingf the schs phisphy. Thus, there was n

divisin between paid staff and vunteers.The varius centers were given a gd dea f

onoy in nging eir on dily irs,b ll li k d b

"so enoenon s occrring i l i i i l l i


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b oerll olicy s orked o by consenss bieekly coniy eeings Agin, ere

s no resion o secil rerogies or

ose o ened o be id modessiend Te nrien rle s i yo ereconribing on reglr bsis o e ork oe scool, yor in old be gien eqleig regrdless o eer yo ere sden, VSTA, olneer or, or ren

Since ll clssroo sce s doned by com-niy orgnizions, nd since VSTA gesere dinisered by VSTA brellgency, Mliclrls nnl bdge s onlyrond $8 Tis money, ic en orings like ciyide one nd mieogredorksees, s rised rog sll beneisnd indiidl gis

Pusig Out

Dring ese erly yers, sdens ended oenroll Mliclrl oer e obecions oblic scool dinisrors Te scoolsbsic comimen o olnry endnce nd

is blic snd gins se ceriiciongrneed n dersril relionsi i eblic scols Ts, og oerorked,Mliclrl ecers el enrollen ressres sily reeced reendos need on er o indiidl sdens Tere s lile lkdring is eriod o blic scools "singMliclrl s "ding grond ornned sdens s Mliclrl

conined o rie, ings begn o cnge nJnry 1976 e coordinor o e Sosidecener reored dring oeek eriodsoe eny yong eole d coe o isyng eir blic scool rincil dld e ey d g Mlill

As coordinors ro oer rs o e ciycored noes, ey ond silr

oer ig scools in e ciy, riclrly in esolid orkingclss neigboroods ere ig

scools rided eseles in ing ig c-deic sndrds nd lo rncy res nsor, Mliclrl ond isel being cooedin e sense blic scools ere sing i olimit e oions o yong eole And in erocess is ceners ere being innded iyong eole o eren king conscios

coice o come o Mliclrl nd ke res sr S members nd olneers erebeginning o exress some o e se eelingsTylor ond crcerized e oerorkedmedics e ree clinic: "Wo re e o inke cn libere e ole ciy? Does kid ee rig o lk ino my oercroded sdygro execing indiidlized enion en

is blic scool eole ge big slrieso do?

Mliclrls irs imlse s o sorbck o e rincils o ere orcesringll is nd demnd ey cree, on eso, e nonrdiionl rorms e sdensned: orningonly oring rogr in

bsic skills, n inorl, igly indiidlizedED rerion rogrm, nd so or nd s rose Mliclrls dilem ny o ese yong eole didn n ny-in ore o do i blic scools, esecillyer ey d lked i Mliclrl coor-dinor nd goen glimse o "scool cold be like Mliclrl elred, c s e ree clinic eole elred didn n o le blic scools oe ook i is bsolely oen enrollenolicy neier did i n o "se indiid-l sdens in is desire o ressre on eblic syse Ye is old e been eresl o is sying o ec nd eery s

o soeing like "Yoe go o go i eo ge yo bck in blic scoo

45

-

A he Mulicuura commuiy ruggedwih hi dilemma a a abrac evel omeoe

ha woud ubver he fir wo raegieNobody realized i 96 u how much ime


48/80

wih hi dilemma a a abrac evel, omeoecame up wih he uggeio which carried

he day ha he choo op for he moremey bu more palaable raegy of ryig owor wih hee youg peope oa caebycaebai How he chool would repod, i wadecided, woud deped o he uden' deirei he maer May "puhou, afer all,would mid reurig o public choo ifpublic choo woud budge a bi If he Muli-culura coordiaor eed a ude wa a"puhou, he or he would ak if he udewaed o figh bac The chool devied aform o ae back o pubic choo i uchcae o iure ha he admiiraor hadideed offered geuiely ew opio o heude I wa fe ha public choo official

would be heia o ig a form i effecadmiig ha hey coud mee he educa-ioal eed of he youg pero To ichagri, Mulicuural foud hee form cameback almo a quicy a hey were e ouPublic chool official were o beig broughio ie

A hi poi, Mulicuura reaized ha icould em he ide of "puhou oly byecalaig he rugge, ha here wa o magicpaper procedure ha would force pubic choolpeople o do heir ob of fidig appropriaeprogram for hee youg people I bega odaw o hem ha hey mu do a ea hreehig ir, hey mu fid he ime o go i

pero o offedig pubic choo admiiraor ad chalege by every mea poibleheir reame of paricular youg peopleSecod, hey mu fid he ime o begimouig a poliica campaig a he SchoolBoard leve ha would force ceral admii-raor o mee he educaioal eed of a

youg people Third, hey mu be prepared ofigh aemp o pa regreive ruacy aw

46

Nobody realized i 96 u how much imead effor al hi would ivolve A fi, hey

go owhere Leafle haded ou a a iclypromoed "airuacy coferece were igored Highlevel meeig wih public chooladmiiraor gaied wih grea difficuly ihoe day reuled i word ike "Wha doyou guy wa, ayway? Do you wa u oae you over a pubic aleraive? Someidividua pricipal were dowrigh hoilewhe cofroed; oher merely preeded ocreae ew opio for youg people Mea-whie, coervaive force i he ciy wereworig quiely o ighe up ruacy arrage-me A oe poi, here wa coiderableuppor for a program where all rua wouldbe roudedup daily ad paced i a pecial

buildig uil proper paceme could bedeermiedThi i o o ay ha ohig wa accom-

pihed i he year from 96 o 98 A oepoi, ive public chool eacher were aigedo ped a few hour each wee obervig heMulicuural model Progreive force i heciy raied ogeher o op he ruacy propo-a Mo impora, perhap, wa he deciioby Muiculural o aed each ad everySchool Board meeig imply o repea imead ime agai ha "dropou are o flawedpeople, bu are drive away by he choolyem Meawhile, eve hough Mulicul-ural erollme had goe above 5 i wa

able o recrui eough volueer ad commied aff member o eadily improve i offer ig a wha wa ow a ewor of ix learigceer ervig al par of he ciy

Two CETA poiio were aiged o hechool ad wo agecie ha doaed paceagreed o pick up he alarie of he Muli-

culura coordiaor Thu, he amou ofmoey ha he chool eeded o raie each year

remned rund $1, (uuur be mnn exempry rle rug l


49/80

e ed u d $1, (u u u rene n vluneer dned pe nd

perve fundng rrngemen w grup llwed prper n e fe fRegn k n CEA nd erprgrm)

e dumpng penmenn nnued be prbem wever nd n 1979 ne f em mmed nd gfed rdnr lde mmuny e de f puu

w prevenng m frm dng e knd f jbe fe e mu d I ju n keep up we pepe we re lredy mmed ed And e enre uulurl mmuny refrmed e need pu preure n nlyn enr dmnrn by n ndvdul prnpl nd l wrker wel A VSA w

gned dumen epely bln e fdumpng nd ne grup f uluurpeple reerved Wednedy mrnng g enme k w prnpl ffendngl r wever ren be nernw ng e d fr e undred f yungpeple w me uuur e emeer r e dwnng rezn mre ndmre yung peple nn be fred endrdnl g l prgrm r e f prgreve fre d been bk yener rdlne runy bl p publ dmnrr fnly greed wrkw ululurl e up wde rnge fpub ernve 7

ululurl enrllmen eem be levelng ff pprxmey 5 uden e emeer bu n ne kng nyng frgrned If e len f e l fur yermke nyng er ne n neverfrge n Il wrd e eblmenpenn fr ubung new deve fr

l nd redung e exng pwer ruure f ee deve. Bu nd epn I wn re uuurl been

p y gf I l mnn mmmen

pen enrlmen N ne w w up ener expreng dere e dwn wrk pu n wng I ll d f vlunryendne ply nd empere e ener l ne fvoluntay ernng ere re n dplneprbem beue uden mply dn wup unle ey wn wrk n er b r

prepre fr e edmnered g equvleny exm (yplly udenwl ve prme jb nd w up ener w r ree me week fr everlur f rd wrk)

Sme f e yunger peple ue er me uuurl upn er b k

e pn were ey feel ey n reurn pub . wever prepre yemly fr e GED exm yer vereveny peple mny f wm d beenwren ff by rdnl edur ped exm rug perve prgrm wll pendry l ee pepe reenurged nnue er edun (Al f nfrm by e wy Pu Gdmnpn deen dn need be kedup ll dy every dy mke rel prgreuuur fund e quly fme mer) n r e prbem eululurl vuneer r ff member fe e pyglly manageable ne f keepng

up w pepe w wn lern rer ne pyglly debltatng prblem fryng wrk w deen w ve beenfred me By nnung dverr rle erfre uulurlnnue mnmze e endeny ned byylr n e e f e free ln wrker

reen e pern ne enbly ervngRer n urnng gn e yung pernere re redy denfed rge n publ

47

.


50/80

utns and the kkeepng wuld thwart tssuessful prgram t lwer fd sts and


51/80

suessful prgram t lwer fd sts anddevelp strng memer partpatn. 0 Here

then s anther ase where an alternatve

nsttutn annt affrd t set asde an adversaral rle and nentrate smpy n nternalmatters Whle Grdn Park remans verymuh mmtted t memershp nvlvementand wrker selfmanagement, t has realzedthat ntnued prgress n these areas wl

requre a strng adversaral stane vsavs thegvernment It has een wrkng wth ts aUS representatve t fnd ways t deal wth theIRS halenge and what egan as a purely amatter has attrated the supprt f ver frtysmal ps frm al parts f the untry

hs dsussn has fused n a partular

pactica reasn fr mnng a strngyadversara re wth an exemplary re fuly devep the ase fr aternatve nsttu-tns as adversaral exempars ne wuldals have t nsder teoetica reasns frmnng these res reasns that have td wth reatng the daletal press that w

e requred t ud a genuney demratsalsm frm wthn the ntext f advanedaptalsm. early ths last knd f ase fr

mnng th rles s mprtant he Mult-utural experene has shwn that suh theretal arguments prvded the ass fr lnk-ages wth prgressve pta grups that hadn partuar feelng fr alternatve eduatna

prates But there are als straghtfrward

psyhgal reasns fr adptng th astrngy exemplary and strngy adversararle rst, t feels gd t wn a vtry vsa-vs a dmnant manstream nsttutn. Mult-ultural felt gd when t helped defeat a llthat wuld have taken drvers lenes frm

truants It feels gd t help a student stand upt a tradtnal eduatr and get ak nt

Tom Bamberger

pu shl n her wn terms Send, t feesgd t get the supprt f ther exemparyrganzatns when ne adpts an penyadversaral rle Grdn Park felt gd when asmal Detrt p set up a spare hange ann ts hekut unter t hep pay fr the IRSstrugge. hrd an adversaral stane hepsattrat the knd f peple wh, whle they wantt reate new frms f wrkng tgether, asfeel the need t engage the arger system nnrete ways. Bth Multultura and GrdnPark reprt that sme f ther key pepe

wud nt stl e wth them had t nt een frthe arger strugges e sure there aretmes when pepe n these rganzatns wshthat they uld smply e genuney nnauthr-taran teahers r selfmanaged grers Butthey reaze mre leary than ever that gvenpresentday sety they annt e these thngswthut as eng suh thngs as hardnsedadvates and effetve ysts.

Fooo1.Paul tarr, The Phatom Commut, Co-ops Communes and Collectives: Experiments in Social Change in

the 1960s and 1970s ed oh Cae ad Roemar C RTalor New Yok, 1979 p. 20 A wll be lear romwhat ollow, have oud thi atholog to be a vau

able oue o data ad thoughtu eleto o the ateatve itituto movemet

, 'I

49

2. Rosemary C. R Taylor, Free Medcine," Co-ops, cusson of this probem with parcuar reference o ood

D id Z dl ' Th U t R


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Communes and Colleives p 43

3 Toward the en d of her essay, Taylor akes up n geater

deta he reasons behind he cinc's faiure o develop astrong adversarial stance She noes tha whle it had red

o band together wh oher free cncs n a broad coal-

ton o pressure the medcal esabshment, hese aemps

had floundered on quarres between he aernaives hem

selves. n focusng on how he dumpng" phenomenon

can subvert he exemplary function of alternave insu-

tions, I don for a momen want o downpay the dffcu-

tes ha surround coaion buding Al of us who have

worked wh alternave insutions are we aware of howdffcu i is to form a coaition around anyhng shor of

an explc hreat o one's survval For an ineresng dis

50

coops, see David Zwerdlng's The Uncertan Reva o

Food Cooperaves, " Co-ops Communes and Collectes

pp 89- 1 1 1 .4. From he beginnng Muculura drew on he work of '.van Ich for mora support regardng her rejecon of

teacher certficaton and compulsory atendance rrange-

mens Thus, an early flyer conaned he followng passage

from llchs Deschooling Sociey (New York, 973) The

frst aricle of a b of rghs for a modern, humans

socey woud correspond to he First Amendmen of he

US Constuton: The sae shal make no law wih respec

to the esablishmen of educaton.' There sha be no rualobgaory for a" p. 1 6) . When studens came to enroll,

hey were od tha it was u p o them a nd their parents how

Tom Bamberger

the ed their tie at the h,e it wring at a j ftheir hing, athing n their ai y attending a a f ti a at

aternative. Mltitra i nvned that everythngwil deend n whethe it and ther rgreive gr anfi d f i th t th it d t


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y gr a e f tie a wee r watever. Ilih,Decling Scet . It ight e nted,ythe way,that Mltiltral reading f Iih differed frthat f erert Ginti wh aed Iih f aeting theai eni intittin f aitali I defend thiantiaitalit reading f Iih in he DehlingCntrvery Reviited: A Defene f Ivan Iih' Partiiatry Siali,' ' Educatinal er 2 Sring ). . hat Mltiltral hihy did nt g nntied ythe etaihent i lear fr tetiny efre a State

Aey hearing that a way t e fnd t deal withalled alternative hl whe innvative rrilade it diffilt fr lal ditrit t et tandard,(Milwaukee Jual May ) and the State Serintendent' nern with the rliferatin f all,rlyrganized, rly taffed and rly lied rivateeratin aqerading nder the title f rivatehl (Milwaukee Jual Set. ).. De in large art t Mltiltral' rere,the li

yte had reated tw alternative enter y he88 h year aw the reatin f tw additinal itywide enter deed n thee earlier rgra, and theveral enrllent at thee i alternative aed .Reently the Shl Bard intrted all enir high hlt reiate the tt del that Mtitral heedtw hig hl et in 8. here are al lan,againat Mltiltral' rging, t et an eerientaltt fr iddlehl drt8 . Ivan Ilih, After Dehling, What? in Afterclng Wat? . Gartner et al New Yr 3) 2. It i ear that the atte ha nt een wn t eaethe li hl yte ha reated a vat array f

find way f aing re that thee nit d nt eenternal dng grnd One enraging ign in thi

nnetin i that the adinitratin reently ileentedMtiltral' ral fr a yteati review f theergra.. Zwerdling die thi develent in he UnertainRevival f Fd Cerative, . Rn Ctterill, D Y Knw a Gd Lawyer?, Cp Magazine MarhAril ). . David Merg arie the theretial ae fr ha diaeti in Eerienting with the Ftre Alternative

Intittin and Aerian Siai, CpCmmune and Clecive .24 .2 . It hld e nted, hwever, that neither gr feelfrtale with ele wh are attrated t the grjuty it adverarial rle. Fr eale, Mltiltrantine t gget than anyne wh want t tae anative rle in the trggle with i h hld find away t invlved theeve in the eeary aet f aalternative hl a wel It int i that the ngig

ritiqe f eiting edatina intittin t egrnded in an aternative daiy ratie

CAR HEDMAN a eace n e Mwaukeeaea and a been acve n bo Mucuua

Hg and odon ak Food Coop

THE NEW YORK INSIU FOR SOCIAL

THRAPY AND RESEARCH

presens i all Corses

The Economics o ascism The Naional Qesion ovie Psychology Applicaion o earning Disabiliies Mind and ociey Maris Clinical Psychology

We also pracice a Maris clinical psychology oering grop individal and amiy erapy opoor woring and middle income people senior ciizens eenagers and children; o minoriies and

Third World people o people in inerracial relaionships and amilies.or more inormaion call or wrie:

New York nstitute for Social Therapy & Research865 vu #C w k 25(22 663-556

J


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-DANCING ALONGTH PRCIPIC:The Men's Movement in the '80s

Joe Interrante

"A wha? A ms mvm? Ogaizd f wha? Ms liberation? ! Yuv g bkiddig! Wha d hy wa ayway high wags? Gd gif a h ugh msgups alady - h gvm Gal Ms h Amica Mdical Assciai . . h lis culd g ad s a cfc M ad Masculiiy a bi lik a cfc ich ppl ad my?

"Oh those ppl. Al hy d is si aud ad play uchyfly s lik big appdi a cwd f gd mis N m gig h cfc m afaid f bighuggd dah.

Ths a cmpsis f acis civd wh ld fids ha was plaig ad h Svh Naial Cfc M ad Masculiiy wavig Masculiiy a Tufs Uivsiy Mdfd Massachuss u 1216 1981 Thy a bliv ypical f h aiuds hld by may ppl Tlvisi mi picus ad bst) sllig vls hav swampd us wih sis abu m: abu h ibulais f ms livs(Annie Hall, The World According to Garp); abu ssiiv fahs scuig hifamilis fm dsd by "issiiv mhs (Kramer vs Kramer, OrdinaryPeople); abu h plasus ad dags f hsxual mal bdig (The Deer Hunter,Cutter 's Way, "Hi Street Blues). may cass hs psais f w m

xpicig ucaiy vulabiliy ad smims mial xpssivss hav alscmmuicad a aifmiis mssag by makig idpd wm pa f h pblm

Oppst Alan ain

!

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acng heir mae characers Ceary, in such a conex one may be skepica, i no openysuspicious o a movemen organized or

my gayness exised "in addiion o my mascu-iniy, whereas I had ound ha i coored myenire experience o manhood I disrused a


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suspicious o a movemen organized or

"mens iberaionBu I came o he conerence wih exciemenas we as misgivings. There is a new ieraureabou he mae "sex roe books ike JackNichos Men ' ibeaion and Joseph Peckand Jack Sawyers Men and Macuini and i ooks secriicay a he ideoogy andpracice o mascuiniy Much o wha hese

books say rings rue: an obsession wih sociaand economic success inside and ouside heworkpace; insensiiviy born o a ear omaking onese vunerabe deepseaed ears o " emininiy, "sissyness , and homosexuaiycripping resrains on emoiona expres-siveness; compeiive zea raugh wih impici

and expici vioence Here, I hough, weremen who recognized sexism as a deepyembedded probem ha men need o conron

Wha bohered me abou some o he newieraure was is requen myopia abou poi-ica impicaions A ocus on he "coss omascuiniy had ed some o hese wriers ocaim ha men were "oppessed oo, a caim

ha skirs he undam

Documents

Radical America - Vol 15 No 5 - 1981 - September October