English

Quarter 1 –

Module 1:

Analogy

7

Subject Area – Grade Level

Self-Learning Module (SLM)

Quarter 1 – Module 1: Analogy

First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Annah Jehn B. Sentinta

Editors: Dolores L. Carreon, Alver B. Lajera

Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa PhD, Delia B. Mabalot, Rolex H. Lotilla and Arvin Tejada

Illustrator: Angelou D. Samillano

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Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM

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Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

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Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can

continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,

exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step

as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.

This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask

your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the

end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer

keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using

these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided

to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help

you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of

this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the

instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks

in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master

the Analogy. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning

situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.

The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order

in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now

using.

When you hear the word “relationship”, what comes first into your mind? Connection

or linkage, right? All of us are connected with one another. Everything that

surrounds us is linked with something. We can always see how every person, object,

or idea relate with one another. Thus, we use analogy in our daily lives.

The module has one lesson:

Lesson 1 – Supplying Words or Expressions That Complete Analogy

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define analogy;

2. analyze the relationships between words used in analogy;

3. determine the appropriate words or expressions to be supplied in analogy; and

4. supply other words or expressions that complete an analogy.

What I Know

Before you start this module, take this pretest to find out how much you already

know about the topic. Take a comfortable position. Relax and prepare yourself to

answer. Are you ready?

Task 1. Picture Analysis

Observe the two first pictures and understand how they are related. Find the picture

in the given options that is related to the third picture in the same way as the two

first pictures are related. Choose the answer that completes the analogy.

1.

: ::

2.

: :: :

a. b. c.

3. : :: :

a. b. c.

:

b. a. c.

: :: : 4.

b. c.

5.

:

After answering, compare your answers with those in the Answer Key page .

Task 2. Question Hour

Now that you’ve answered the activity, answer the following questions:

6. Is the activity difficult or not?

7. What do you notice with the first two images in the boxes?

8. How did you come up with your answers?

Well, how was it? Do you think you hit the right answers? Check them using the

Answer Key page. If you fared well, very good! It means that you have known much

about the topic. But don’t be too confident enough, you might learn new things from

this module.

Are you ready?

Let’s begin.

a.

:

::

a.

b. c.

Lesson

1

Supplying Words or

Expressions That Complete

Analogy

Learning analogies and mastering them can provide you life-long benefits. It improves

your vocabulary skills, speeds up your reading comprehension, addresses your

Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and develops your verbal reasoning abilities.

Can you give other examples? Very good! Now that you have mastered already the

skill in identifying facts from opinions, I could say that you are ready now for our

next lesson.

Answer the task below. Be sure to carefully read and follow the directions. Examples

What’s In

But before we proceed, let’s have a review first of our previous lesson.

Can you still remember this?

FACT

a statement that can be

proven as true or false

Example: Asik - Asik Falls

i s located in North

Cotabato.

OPINION

an expression of one ’s

feeling that cannot be

proven

Example: Asik - Asik Falls

is tourists’ most favorite

spot in the region.

Notes to the Teacher In teaching analogies, subjectivity plays an important role. Student’s background knowledge, social and cultural contexts,

and socioeconomic status should be considered.

What’s New are provided to guide you in answering.

Task 3. Missing Piece

Find the missing piece in each item below by observing how the two first words are

related. Choose the word in the given options that is related to the third word in the

same way as the two first words are related.

Example:

accurate precise awful

: :: :

______________

Begin here…

1.

night day happy

: :: :

_______________

2. husband spouse baby

: :: : _______________

Answer:

disgust -

ing

sad

infant

good

grades tree

forest

disgust -

ing

hive

3.

thirst drink study

: :: :

_______________

4. student : classroom- :: leaf :

_______________

:: lion :

_______________

After answering, compare your answers with those in the Answer Key page. Did you

answer all the items correctly? Good job!

What is It

Now, let’s discuss the important points in the task you have just answered. Read it

again and analyze the words in each pair.

1. night : day :: happy : sad

2. husband : spouse :: baby : infant

3. thirst : drink ::study : good grades

4. student : classroom :: leaf : tree

5. fish : sea :: lion : forest

5 .

fish : sea

So, what do you notice with each pair in every item? If you say that they show

relationships, then you are correct.

The term that means "word relationships” is called Analogy. It is like a word puzzle.

It always contains two pairs of words. It can be abbreviated like stallion : mare :: man

: woman. The single colon (:) represents the phrase “is to”, and the double colon (::)

represents the word “as”. Thus, it is read a stallion is to mare as man is to woman.

An analogy shows comparison between things that have similar features, often used

to help explain a principle or idea. The two things being compared may be completely

dissimilar which still helps you to understand something about their relationship.

Essentially, an analogy helps you understand something abstract or uncommon by

comparing it to something familiar or common to you.

Take a look again at the pairs of words in the task you have answered awhile ago. In

item number 1, which is night is to day as happy is to sad, what do you think is

the relationship of the paired words? If you say that the pairs show an opposite

relationship, then you are correct because night is the opposite of day and happy

is also the opposite of sad. And that type of analogy is called Antonyms.

What about item number 2?Yes, the pairs show a similar relationship or have the

same meaning because husband and spouse have the same meaning as well as the

second paired words which are baby and infant. It is called Synonyms.

Let’s proceed to item number 3. What do you observe? Right! The analogies contain

words that are the causes, or the sources of some actions or conditions which are

thirst and study and the other words that are the effects, or the results or

consequences which are drink and good grades. And that type is called Cause and

Effect.

Then, let’s have item number 4. What does this analogy consist of? If you say that it

contains the part, or section of something larger, and the whole, or the entire entity,

then you are absolutely right! In this case, student and leaf are parts of classroom and

tree. And we call this type of analogy as Part to whole.

And the last item is number 5. What do you notice with the compared words? Do

they tell locations? If you say yes, then you are correct as sea and forest are locations

for fish and lion. And that is called Location as a type of analogy.

What’s More

Knowing those important points will be useless unless applied. Now, let’s see if you

have absorbed them by answering correctly the following task. Be sure to carefully

read and follow the directions. Examples are provided to guide you in answering.

Task 4. Type to Tell!

Analyze the relationship in each analogy and identify its type from the choices given.

Here is an example:

near : far :: smart : stupid

Answer: Type: Antonyms

Begin here…

1. wing : bird :: tire : car

Type:__________

2. winter : summer :: wet : dry

Type:__________

3. allow : permit :: find : locate

Type:__________

4. bats : caves :: humans : houses

Type:__________

5. finger: hand :: wheel : car

Type:__________

6. bad : terrible :: funny : hilarious

Type:__________

7. bees: beehives :: birds : nests

Type:__________

Antonyms

Cause and Effect

Location

Part to Whole

Synonyms

8. chaos : peace :: cordial : hostile

Type:__________

9. sunny day : umbrella :: hungry : eat

Type:__________

10. rain : flood :: earthquake : collapse

Type:__________

Done? If yes, compare your answers with those in the Answer Key page. Did you

answer all the items correctly? Excellent !

What I Have Learned

Now, let’s see if you have acquired something out of the main points that we have

discussed and you have applied in the previous tasks.

Task 5. Complete Me!

Read these paragraphs below and fill the blanks with your answers.

The term that means "word relationships” is called(1.)_________. It is like a word

(2.)__________ that always contains (3.)__________of words.

It can be abbreviated. The single colon (:) represents the phrase(4.)_________, and the

double colon (::) represents the word (5.)___________.

Some types of analogy are (6.)_________ which shows opposite relationships;

(7.)__________ which shows similar relationship or have the same

meaning;(8.)__________ which contains words that are sources of some actions or

conditions and words that are results or consequences;(9.) __________ which contains

the section of something larger, and the entire entity; and (10.)__________which shows

location of something.

Are you ready to check your answers now? If yes, compare them with those in the

Answer Key page. Did you answer all the items correctly? Wow, you’re smart!

What I Can Do

Inevitably, we deal with analogies in our day to day existence, right? Now, let’s see if

you could use your knowledge in analogy by using the surrounding where you are in

right now.

Task 6. Relate Much…

Find related objects, places, persons around your house and provide each type of

analogy we have discussed one example. Write the relationship opposite to it.

Here is an example:

Example: pot: kitchen :: pail: bathroom(Location)

Now, it’s your turn…

1.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

2.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

3.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

4.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

5.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

You answered so fast! Wanna check your answers now? If yes, compare them with

those in the Answer Key page. Did you answer all the items correctly? That’s great!

Assessment

Now, let’s evaluate how well you have understood the lesson. Be sure to carefully

read and follow the directions. Examples are provided to guide you in answering. Are

you ready?

A. Complete each analogy by writing the correct words from the choices. Then, write

whether its type is synonyms, antonyms, cause and effect, part to whole or location.

Here is an example:

Open is to close as near is to ___________________. (far, sit, shut)

Answer:

Open is to close as near is to far.

Type: Antonyms

Now, it’s your turn…

1. Soft is to loud as slow is to _______________________. (quiet, quick, sluggish)

Type: __________

2. Smart is to intelligent as sly is to _________________. (sneaky, dumb, genius)

Type: __________

3. Thumb is to hand as toe is to _____________. (foot, head, shoulder)

Type: _________

4. Underground River is to Palawan as Chocolate Hills is to______. (Siargao, Bohol,

Batanes)

Type: _________

5. Teasing is to quarrel as speeding is to_______. (car, traffic, ticket )

Type:_________

B. Supply appropriate words to complete the analogies.

Here is an example:

smile : frown :: thick : __________

Answer: thin

Now, it’s your turn…

6. athlete : team :: spectator :__________

a. host b. audience c. program

7. beginner : novice :: expert :__________

d. music

a. master b. old c. wise

8. industrious : diligent :: brave :__________

d. winner

a. happy b. courageous c. gorgeous

9. animal : zoo :: clown :: _________

d. tact

a. church b. market c. mascot

10. COVID 19: lockdown :: hoarding :__________

d. circus

a. inflation b. goods c. supply d. trade

C. Supply appropriate pairs to complete the analogies.

Here is an example:

aged : old ::__________: __________

Answer: aged : old :: expensive : costly

Now, it’s your turn…

11. heavy : light ::__________:__________

12. fat : obese::__________:__________

13. Koronadal: South Cotabato :: __________:__________

14. hair : head :: __________:__________

15. smoking : lung cancer :: __________:__________

Are you done answering? If yes, compare your answers with those in the Answer Key

page. Did you answer all those items correctly? You’re the best!

Additional Activities

To intensify what you have learned about analogy, answer these activities. Be sure

to carefully read and follow the directions. Examples are provided to guide you in

answering.

A. Supply appropriate words that complete each analogy below. The type is written

as your guide. Here is an example:

happy:______ :: sad:_______(Synonyms)

Answer: happy : joyful :: sad : depressed

Now, it’s your turn…

1. inflation:__________::__________:strong (Antonyms)

2. petal:__________::keyboard:__________ (Part to whole)

3. __________:fortunate::thankful:__________ (Synonyms)

4. Mt. Matutum:__________::Mt. Parker:__________ (Location)

5. __________: yawning::__________: scratching(Cause and Effect)

B. Provide one(1) example for each type of analogy we have discussed. Write the

relationship opposite to it.

Here is an example:

easy: difficult :: new : old (Antonyms)

Now, it’s your turn…

1.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

2.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

3.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

4.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

5.__________:__________::__________:__________ ( )

After answering, compare your answers with those in the Answer Key page. Did you

answer all those items correctly? Awesome!

Congratulations! You have completed this module on Analogy!

Answer Key

References

"A Guide For Teaching With Analogies - | Critical Thinking". 2020. Teachthought.

https://www.teachthought.com/critical-thinking/types-of-analogies/.

"Analogy - Examples And Definition Of Analogy". 2020. Literary Devices.

https://literarydevices.net/analogy/.

"Analogy | Nature | Free 30-Day Trial | Scribd". 2020. Scribd.

https://www.scribd.com/document/367647035/Analogy.

"Analogy Examples". 2020. Examples.Yourdictionary.Com.

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/analogy-ex.html.

"How Analogies Challenge And Benefit The Gifted Learner | National Association

For Gifted Children". 2020. Nagc.Org. https://www.nagc.org/blog/how-

analogieschallenge-and-benefit-gifted-learner.

2020. Bmcc.Cuny.Edu.

https://www.bmcc.cuny.edu/wpcontent/uploads/ported/lrc/studyskills/factsand

opinions.pdf.

Worksheets, Picture, Logical Aptitude), and Picture Analogy. 2020. "Free Printable

Picture Analogy Worksheets - Logical Reasoning -

Megaworkbook". Megaworkbook.Com.

http://www.megaworkbook.com/generalaptitude/picture-analogy.

DISCLAIMER

This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN

with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.

Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning

Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all

learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The

process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.

This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and

recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph