Quality Control - Kuliah 2

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PHILOSOPHY AND FUNDAMENTALOF QUALITY CONTROL


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8 Prinsip Manajemen Kualitas

No Principle Explaination

1 Focus on yourcustomers

Organization rely on customer, Therefore:-Organization must understand customer needs-Organization must meet customer requirements-Organization must exceed customer expectation

2 Provide leadership Organization rely on leaders. Therefore:-Leaders must establish a unity of purpose and set

the direction the organizaton should take-Leaders must create an environment thatencourages people to achieve the organizationsobjectives

3 Involve your people Organization rely on people:.Therefore:-Organization must encourage the involvement ofpeople at all levels-Organizations must help people to develop anduse their abilities

4 Use the processapproach

Organization are more efficient when they use aprocess approach. Therefore:

Organization must use a process approach tomanage activities and related resources


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No Principle Explaination

5 Take a systemapproach

Organization are more efficient and effective whenthey use a system approach. Therefore:

-Organizations must identify interrelated processesand treat them as a system-Organizations must use a systems approach tomanage their interrelated processes

6 Encourage

Continualimprovement

Organization are more efficient and effective when

they continually try to improve. Therefore:- Organization must make a permanent commitmentto continually improve their overall performance

7 Get the factsbefore to decide

Organization perform better when their decisions arebased on facts. Therefore:- Organizations must base decisions on the analysis of

factual information and data

8 Work with yoursuppliers

Organizations depend on their suppliers to help themcreate value. Therefore:- Organizations must maintain amutually beneficialreationship with their suppliers


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Quality Characteristics

Structural characteristics: the length of part,the strength of e beam, the viscosity of afluid, and so on.

Sensory characteristics: include the taste ofgood food, the smell of a sweet fragrance,and the beauty of s model, etc.

Time-oriented characteristics: measures ofwarranty, reliability and maintainability.

Ethical characteristics: honesty, courtesy,

friendlines, etc.


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Variables and Attributes

Characteristics that are measureable and areexpressed on a numerical scale are calledvariables

Nonconformity and Nonconforming UnitA nonconformity is a quality characteristicthat doesnt meet its stipulated requirement.

unit is one or more non conformities.


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A quality characteristics is said to be anatribute if it can be classified as eitherconforming or nonconforming to a stipulatedspecifications requirement.


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Defect

A defect is associated with a qualitycharacteristic that does not meet certainstandards.

Defect is nonconformity

Defective is a nonconforming


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3 Aspects of quality

Quality of Design

Quality of Conformance

Quality of Performance


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7 QC Tools

Check Sheetcheck sheet are formats used to collect and organize

data

data is collected on characteristic of interested

data can be collected easily and concisely

the right data could be captured with all necessary factsinclude e.g

- as when it happened?- how many ?

- what customer ?


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example

Check sheets for production processdistribution

Defective item check sheet Defect cause check sheet

Check sheet for work station evaluation

Check sheet for design information accuracy Check sheet for vendor reliability


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Type of defect Check Sub-Total

Scratch (Tergores/lecet) III 3

Dent (penyok) IIII II 7

Breakage (rusak) IIII IIII I 11Bengkok II 2

Total 23

Component name: ABCDate of Production : 22 Sept 2010


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Histogram

Histogram is the frequency data abtained frommeasurement displaying a peak around a certain value andrepresent in form of polls

The variation of quality characteristics is calledDistribution

Purpose of drawing a Histogram is to understand thepopulation

Population

Sample


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Pareto Chart


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Cause and Effect Diagram

This diagram (resembles skeleton of a fish) helps toseparate out causes from effects and to see problem in itstotallity

Its a systematic arrangement of all possible causes,

generated thru brain storming This can be used to:

- assist individual/group to see full picture.

- serve as a recording device for ideas generated.- reveal undetected relationsips between causes.

- discover the origin/root cause of a problem

- create a document or a map of a problem which can be

posted in the work area


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MAN MATERIAL EQUIPMENT

EFFECT

MACHINE METHODE ENVIRONMENT


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Scattered Diagram

The scatter diagram is used for identifyingthe relationships and performing preliminaryanalysis of relationship between any twoquality characteristics.

Clustering of points indicate that the twocharacteristics may be related e.g.

- Increasing in component weight with increase in holdtime during plastic injection molding


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Scattered Diagram


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This is used to understand the potentialdefect prone area of the part produced

The contration diagram check sheet carriesthe diagram of the problematic part

This tool is very useful to solve problems likeScratch, Dent, Breakage thru handlingimprovement

For plastic molded parts this tool is used toidentify stress points, weak points, effect ofgate shape.position on the quality of partsetc.

DEFFECT CONCETRATION DIAGRAM


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Deffect concentration diagram

IItergores

Penyok

III

BengkokIIII II

Potential deffect area


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Control Chart

Quality control charts, are graphs on which the quality ofthe product is plotted as manufacturing or servicing isactually proceeding.

It graphically, represents the output of the process anduses statistical limits patterns of plot, for decisionmaking

Enales corrective actions to be taken at the earliest

possible moment and avoiding unnecessary corrections The charts help to ensure the manufacture of uniform

product or providing consistent services which complieswith the specification.


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Element of Typical Control Chart

Horizontal axis for sample number

Vertical axis for sample statistics

Target line Upper control line

Upper warning line

Lower control line

Lower warning line

Plotting of sample statistics

Line connecting the plotted statistics


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Upper control line

Upper warning line

Target

Lower warning line

Lower control line

SampleStatistics

1 2 3 4 5


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The control charts gets divided in three zones

Zone 1 If the plotted point falls in this zone,do not make any adjusment, continue withthe process

Zone 2 If the plotted point falls in this zonethen special cause may be present. Be carefulwatch for plotting of another sample (s)

Zone -3 If the plotted point falls in this zonethen special cause crept into the system, andcorrective action is required.


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ISO 9000 Quality Management System

ISO 9000 : 1994 Standard for Quality AssuranceSystem

ISO 9000

- kumpulan standar internasional untuk sistem kualitas- mempersifikasikan kebutuhan dan rekomendasi untukperancangan dan evaluasi sistem manajemen

- Tujuan : untuk mencapai, menjaga dan memperbaiki kualitas

secara ekonomis


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Struktur

ISO 9003

ISO 9001

ISO 9000

ISO 9002

ISO 9004

Model untukrancangan/pengembangan produk, instalasi& pelayanan

Model untukproduksi &instalasi

Model untukinspeksi akhir &test

StandarPelayanan

ISO 9000: 1994


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ISO 9000: 1994

1. Management Responsibility 11. Inspection, Measuring & Test Equipment

2. Quality System 12. Inspection & Test Status

3. Contract Review 13 .Control of nonconforming product

4. Design Control 14. Corrective & Prevention Action

5. Document & Data Control 15. Handling, storage, packaging, preservation

6. Purchasing 16. Control of Quality Records7. Customer Supplied Product 17. Internal Quality Audit

8. Product Identification & Traceability 18. Training

9. Process Control 19. Servicing

10. Inspection & Testing 20 Statistical Techniques

KOMPONEN


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Tugas II

1. Identifikasi perbedaan karakteristik kualitas (Performance, Reliability,Durability , Serviceability, Aesthetic, Features, Perceived Quality ,Conformance of standards ) suatu jenis produk lokal dan impor.

2. Identifikasi faktor-faktor yang mungkin menyebabkan perbedaan tersebut3. Mempelajari preferensi konsumen terhadap suatu jenis produk lokal dan

Impor.

Documents

Quality Control - Kuliah 2