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Purpose
• The purpose of this thesis is to explore and estimate greenhouse gas emissions from the public consumption in Gothenburg.
• The emissions will be presented per citizen.
Purpose: research questions
• 1. How large are the emissions from public consumption within Gothenburg?
• 2. Which amount of emissions are the consumption of food and public transportation in the public sector responsible for?
• 3. Are there other important public activities generating emissions?
• 4. What are the potentials to reduce climate impact from public food consumption and public transportation consumption until 2030?
Background: consumption
• A complement to the production perspective.
• Two types of consumption– Private: what private people spend money on e.g.
housing, travelling, food.
– Public: activities provided by the public sector e.g. Schools, hospitals, military, public transportation.
Background: consumption
• Definition of public consumption in the thesis:– the entire running costs and investment costs for
activities provided by public actors are considered as public consumption.
Background: consumption
• Swedish EPA has estimated the Swedish consumption to be responsible for 10 ton CO2-eq/person.– 8 tons are from private consumption.– ”The rest”, 2 tons, are from public consumption.
• Relatively good knowledge about the private consumption, but the public is rather unknown.
• The goal in the municipality of Gothenburg is to have emissions under 1,9 ton CO2-eq per person and year in 2050.
Background: Public actors
• The municipality of Gothenburg• The county council of Västra
Götalandsregionen (VGR)• The Swedish state
• The consumption from VGR and the state is allocated to Gothenburg.
Method: top-down• Combining economic expenditures from
the actors with emission intensities to estimate total emissions.
• Emission intensities are from Swedish Input-Output data (SCB).
Method: Bottom-up
• Estimate emissions from public food consumption.– Looking at actual consumption of food and combine with
emission data from studies (LCA etc).
– Potentials for lowering the emissions in 2030.
Method: Bottom-up - Food
• No records for actual consumed food for public actors.
• Alternative estimation by using a report about climate impact from typical school meals.
• 19 million meals per year are served in the municipality of Gothenburg.
• Estimating total emissions and potentials for lowering the emissions in 2030.
Method: Bottom-up – Food
• 8 standard meals and 3 vegetarian dishes.– Used to estimate a mean dish. 6/7 Standard and
1/7 vegetarian.
Method: Bottom-up – Food
• Assumptions:– Potentials were estimated by using estimated reductions
from another study.
– The consumption of food was assumed to increase together with the population increase, thus being constant per person.
Result: Public food consumption
•0,053 ton/person is equal to 8,4 % of the municipality of Gothenburg’s total top-down emissions.•Possible reductions of 31-88 %
Discussion: top-down
• 1,79 ton CO2 per person is smaller than the EPA’s 2 tons. This thesis is using a broader def. of public consumption.
• Robust method, using emission intensities from actual Swedish consumption
• Not good to use: as a benchmarking tool from year to year in this scale: when activities are conducted radically different than the Swedish mean.
• But the goal is to get under a total of 2 tons per person and year in 2050, including ALL consumption.
Discussion: bottom-up
• Public food consumption– Favourable to use actual food consumption while
estimating emissions.– But the emissions are estimated from typical
school dishes within the region.– The potentials are from a study which estimate
potentials from average consumption, and not a school dish.
Conclusions: Further work• Try to cover emissions from all public consumption (e.g. cement) by
using a bottom-up perspective.
• Start keeping records of relevant purchases, like meat, rice and other emission generating goods. Good would be to keep record of all purchased public food.
• Start to report emissions from a consumption perspective, as a complement to the production perspective, in the environmental reports. This is important to look at if the emissions are supposed to be fair according the goal of Gothenburg.