Public Transport Peformancefinal

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URBAN FORM AND PUBLICTRANSPORT PERFORMANCE:

THE CASE OF NAIROBI CITY

LECTURER: PROF. O.O.MBECHE

BY D.K.KIRIMA (F56/76654/2014

1


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Urban form is the physical shape and structure

of a town or city. Inuences the siting of commercial centres,

residential centres, oces, shopping malls,schools, recreation areas etc.

These activity centres generates or attractsnumerous trips.

spatial arrangement of activities centresinuence trip lengths and frequency

INTRODUCTION


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Urban mobility is paramount to proper

functioning of a city and various modes oftransport are put in place to meet thetransportation demand.

!ublic transport systems are provided to meet

the transportation demand in cities.

"airobi is a fast growing city necessitating andecient public transport system.

#a$ority of "airobians do not own cars and

heavily rely on public transport or "#T modes.

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INTRODUCTION


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&ensely populated areas due to rural'urban

migration Urban sprawl ( increasing trip lengths. )igh demand for transport during pea* hours'

morning and evening !ublic transport largely operated by private

sector and characterised by+◦ Unavailable

◦ Unreliable

Irregular schedules are

Inaccessible

"ot comfortable

!oor customer care

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PROBLEM STATEMENT


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)ow has "airobi urban form inuenced thetransport infrastructure

/hat are the performance indicators for publictransport

/hat are the emerging issues in "airobi publictransport .

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RESEARCH !UESTIONS


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To determine how "airobi urban form hasinuenced the transport infrastructure

To outline the performance indicators for urbanpublic transport

To outline the current emerging issues inrelation to public transport in "airobi

RESEARCH OB"ECTI#ES


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TYPES OF URBAN FORM

L$%&'/ S)$* D&+&,-*&%)

2

LITERATURE RE#IE

-%&%)')$-% - &+&,-*&%)',-%3 -) $& - '-)'%*-)')$-% -8)& 8 '

-'9 %'+$3',& $+& - -)&- - )'%*-) %&)-;.

U'% S)' $ '')&$


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TYPES OF URBAN FORM

M8,)$>N-', U'% F- #ulti'"odal Urban orm

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LITERATURE RE#IE

&$&)&+&,-*&%) ''=- )& 8'% -&

- $)= &%)& )-'$&%)$?& 8'%3-) '&' -%-&

T& '- &%)& *-+$& *&$',$


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TYPES OF URBAN FORM

C-%&%)$ 8'% -

4

LITERATURE RE#IE

R&&) '% -8)' &@*'%$-% -8'% &+&,-*&%) - )& $)=&%)&/-& $%8& = )&-%)8)$-% - %& $8&&%)$',

'% '$', -'.

H' )& 8%$8& '')&$)$ --%&%)')$%3 &+&,-*&%) $%)- -%&-%)$%8-8 -= -$3$%')$%3 -

)& &%)& - -&.


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TYPES OF URBAN FORM

$ 8'% -&,

15

LITERATURE RE#IE

'& 8* -&)'%38,' ,-;&?%& = *'',,&,'% $%)&&)$%3

)&&).

The simplicity of this layout provides accessibility

of plots and6or structures, but conict ormovement could arise due to numerousintersections.


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TRA#EL PATTERN AND URBAN FORM

Urban form inuences◦ Trip generation

◦ Trip length

◦ #odal choice

◦ Travel time

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LITERATURE RE#IE


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TRA#EL PATTERN AND URBAN FORM

7 wide variety of urban form attributes haveimpact on transport outcomes. local accessibility $ob ' housing balance regional centrality street networ* land use engagement

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LITERATURE RE#IE


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PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN URBAN AREAS

)igh density of activities in urban areas ma*es itpossible and necessary that high capacitymodes be used due to economies of scale.

#oreover, public modes provide services for all

persons, thus cities need to bene8t from publictransportation services which o9er greatermobility for the entire population.

Transit systems ma*e high density areas of

diverse activities physically possible while*eeping cities livable and attractive for people.

1%

LITERATURE RE#IE


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COMMON TRANSIT MODES IN URBAN AREAS

B8&(BRT:; operate on streets and have ane


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PUBLIC TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE

E#ALUATION

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LITERATURE RE#IE

E$&%=C')&3-=

D&$*)$-% I%$')-

>ystemeciency

=atio of output to theinput consumed inthe transportationprocess

7ccessibility, mobility,productivity, infrastructure,availability, safety, quality,comfort, convenience

"etwor*operatingeciency

7bility of the networ*to support directservices betweenareas, short distance

e


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PUBLIC TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE

E#ALUATION

1

LITERATURE RE#IE

E$&%=C')&3-=

D&$*)$-% I%$')-

UtiliBationeciency

?ompares the rateof resource Cvehicle,labour, line:

utiliBation to theavailability capacity

Dehicle utiliBationDehicle brea*down in serviceuel consumption per *m

Aine capacity utiliBation

inanceeciency

The amount ofinvestment requiredand 6or gained to6

from produce unitsystem output.

@perating cost per vehicle'*m@perating cost per passenger

trip=evenue per vehicle'*m Total revenue per totaloperating cost


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NAIROBI URBAN STRUCTURE

The transportation system in "airobi is both areection and a consequence of a historical and anongoing interplay between the urban formCstructure: and the overall social'economic pro8lesof the city.

The city presents a spatial structure comprising astrong ?entral Eusiness &istrict C?E&: with most of theformal $obs within a radial road networ* leading toma$or cities along which development has occurred.

The city centre is relatively compact and composed ofa grid'li*e networ* of streets.CUo?apetown:

The ma$or roads include Thi*a =oad, AangFata =oad,"gong =oad, #ombasa =oad and /aiya*i /ay.

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LITERATURE RE#IE


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NAIROBI URBAN STRUCTURE

)istorically, the growth of "airobi has been guided bya fairly ine


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14

LITERATURE RE#IEN'$-$ T'%*-) $%')8)8&

>ource; KonBales et al, 554


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5

LITERATURE RE#IEN'$-$ T'%*-) $%')8)8&

>ource; university of cape town


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CURRENT TRAFFIC CONDITIONS IN NAIROBI

"early -.3 million trips are made daily in "airobi in55-◦ 1L 'private vehicles+

◦ %L ' public transport

◦ -3L '"on #otorised Trac.

7bout 35L of public transport trips in "airobi arecarried by #atatus, while the rest are served bytraditional 8


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PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN NAIROBI

The current public transport modes are+◦ ?ommuter rail services Climited: operated by enya =ailways

?orporation.

◦ ?ommuter bus services operated by enya Eus >ervicesCE>:, ?iti )oppa, &ouble # and other private operators.

◦

!aratransit services C#atatus: operated by private operators. The commuter bus system is fully privatiBed and operates in a

largely deregulated environment. There is no governmentcontrol on the route structures, timetables or fares of theseservices

The paratransit services are provided by private #atatuowners. They mostly operating on the same routes ascommuter bus operators, but they operate without anytimetables and largely ignore the ocial bus stops. Coster,1444+ hayesi, 55:

LITERATURE RE#IE


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>econdary data source+◦

review of previous similar studies,◦ authorMs e


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The transport networ* in "airobi is based around a

series of radial routes that radiate from the corecentral business district C?E&: area. &ue to increase in population and land use mi< in

various parts of the city, millions of trips have

been generated daily. 7reas that were formerly low'to'medium densityresidential areas have over the years witnessedland use and density changes that has resulted inmore trac+ motorised and non'motorised.

The radial transport networ* lac*s adequateconnectivity outside the ?E& forcing largevolumes of trac to access other areas via the?E& causing congestion in the main arterials.

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FINDINS9 ANALYSIS DISCUSSION


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The public transport in "airobi does not meet

the e


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E&3$%3 I8&

1. L'% 8& *,'%%$%3 '% 8'% *', Increase in population and socioeconomic development has

largely inuenced the land use mi


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2. I%)$)8)$-%', &)8* '% )';&-,&

-,& There is no speci8c clear institution that is

directly responsible for public transport in"airobi.

Darious governmental sta*eholders aredirectly involved in urban transport planningin "airobi. This has resulted to segmentationof responsibilities and lac* of cooperation

hence leaving critical issues not welladdressed.

H.g+ "??, =?, #atatu @wners 7ssociation,E>, U=7, "T>7.

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J. P8,$ )'%*-) 38$&,$%&

There echedules C&eparture, arrivals, headway:

are

?ustomer care

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There is a very strong correlation between

urban form and travel demand. Travel demand is inuenced by population

density, land use mi< and $ob'housingrelationship.

!ublic transport in "airobi is characterised by+◦ Unavailability

◦ Unreliability

◦ Unsafe

◦ Uncomfortable

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CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS


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!erformance of public transport in "airobi can beimproved by adopting >ustainable urban transport

systems. mobility is achieved if the e9ective regulations, transport,

performance indicators and sustainability factors are balancedduring the planning and urban design process are initiated.

Integrated Aand Use, )ousing and Transport !lanning. This

enhances proper provision of public transport systems withrespect to accessibility, connectivity etc

!hysical planning is potentially important because spatial

structure has an impact on the eciency of publictransport operations.

The ?ity ?ouncil of "airobi and the central governmentneeds to 8rmly control and come up with properguidelines on the sprouting and development of new

residential and commercial areas within the city.

CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS

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Public Transport Peformancefinal