Public Disclosure Authorized - World Bankdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/729741527603972618/...2018/05/28 · Pakistan Red Crescent Society 14 1.6.4.10. Greek Volunteers 14 1.6.4.11

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PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework i

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. PakistanPovertyAlleviationFund 1

1.1.1. ThirdPakistanPovertyAlleviationFundProject(PPAF-III) 1

1.1.2. LongTermResultsofPPAF-III 2

1.1.3. EnvironmentandSocialManagementatPPAF 2

1.1.4. Environmental and Social Management Framework of the PPAF-IIIProject 3

1.2. RationalforPPAF-IIIIndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework 3

1.2.1. FootprintofPPAFinKalashCommunity 4

1.3. ApplicationofWorldBankSafeguardPolicies 4

1.3.1. WorldBankPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeople:TriggersandScope 4

1.3.2. IPPFPrinciplescompatiblewiththeWorldBankPolicyonIP 5

1.4. IPPFObjectives 6

1.4.1. ScopeofIPPF 6

1.4.2. MethodologyfollowedforIPPFPreparation 6

1.4.2.1. ReviewofDocuments 6

1.4.2.2. FieldVisitsandStakeholderConsultations 7

1.4.2.3. ESMF 7

1.5. ANationalOverviewofIndigenousPeopleinPakistan 7

1.6. Policy,LegalandInstitutionalFrameworkforIPPF 8

1.6.1. NationalandLocalLaws,andRegulations 8

1.6.1.1. ConstitutionalofPakistan 8

1.6.1.2. ExecutiveOrderfortheProtectionofKalashCommunities 10

1.6.2. InternationalObligations/Commitments 10

1.6.2.1. International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 107 and169 10

1.6.2.2. UnitedNationsDeclarationontheRightsofIndigenousPeople 11

1.6.3. WBPolicyonIndigenousPeoples(OP4.10) 11

1.6.4. OrganizationsWorkingonKalash 12

1.6.4.1. MinistryofReligiousAffairs&InterFaithHarmony 12

1.6.4.2. FederalAdvisoryCouncilforMinoritiesAffairs 12

1.6.4.3. MinorityCommitteesatDistrictandLocalLevel 12

1.6.4.4. MinorityWelfareFund 12

1.6.4.5. KalashFoundation 13

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework ii

1.6.4.6. PakistanPovertyAlleviationFund 13

1.6.4.7. AghaKhanRuralSupportProgram 13

1.6.4.8. SarhadRuralSupportProgram 13

1.6.4.9. PakistanRedCrescentSociety 14

1.6.4.10. GreekVolunteers 14

1.6.4.11. HelvetasSwissInter-cooperationPakistan 14

1.6.4.12. Hindu Kush Conservation Association, UK / KalashEnvironmentalProtectionSociety(HKCA/KEPS) 14

1.6.4.13. KalashPeopleWelfareSociety(KPWS) 15

1.6.4.14. AyunandValleysDevelopmentProgramme(AVDP) 15

1.7. Definition/CriteriaforIdentifyingIndigenousPeoples 15

1.7.1.1. ScreeningforIdentifyingIP 16

1.8. Socioeconomic/CulturalBaselineInformationofKalash 16

1.8.1. Kalash–BackgroundandCharacteristics 16

1.8.2. KalashPopulation 17

1.8.3. SocialMobilisationandDecision-MakinginKalashCommunities 18

1.8.4. ConflictsandCohesionamongKalashCommunities 19

1.8.5. CommunityRelationsandPowerStructure 19

1.8.6. IssuesandChallengesofKalashCommunities 20

1.8.6.1. NeedforexclusiveschoolsystemfortheKalashchildren 20

1.8.6.2. HealthandSanitation 20

1.8.6.3. ChangeofReligion 21

1.8.6.4. TourismandDevelopmentInterventions 21

1.8.7. IdentificationofUltraPoorPeople/HouseholdsinKalashCommunities 22

1.9. GenderAnalysis 22

1.10. DevelopmentActivitiesinKalashVillages 23

2. POTENTIALINTERACTIONSOFPPAF-IIIPROJECT 24

2.1. CriticalIssues 24

2.2. PositivePotentialImpactsofPPAF-IIIProjectComponents 24

2.3. PotentialNegativeImpacts 25

2.4. AnalysisofPPAF-IIIInterventions/Sub-ProjectsRisks 28

2.5. BarrierstoParticipationofIPs 28

3. STAKEHOLDERCONSULTATIONS 29

3.1. FocusGroupConsultations 29

3.1.1. FGDwithmeninBamburetValley 29

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework iii

3.1.2. FGDwithwomeninBamburetValley 29

3.1.3. FGDwithmeninRumboorValley 29

3.1.4. FGDwithwomenininRumboor 30

3.1.5. FGDwithwomeninBirir 30

3.1.6. FGDwithmeninBirir 31

3.2. RecommendationsfromStakeholders 31

4. PROCEDUREFORSCREENINGANDINDIGENOUSPEOPLESPARTICIPATION 33

4.1. ScreeningforIndigenousPeoples 33

4.1.1. Sub-ProjectScreening 33

4.2. AnalysisofInterventionsRisks 34

4.3. SocialAssessment 34

4.4. InvoluntaryResettlement 35

4.5. StrategyforSocialInclusionandGenderParticipation 35

4.5.1. ConsultationandMobilization 36

4.5.2. Sub-ProjectIdentificationandDevelopment 36

4.5.3. Prioritization 36

4.5.4. GenderActionPlans(GAPs) 37

4.6. ConsultationswithStakeholders,andFree,PriorandInformedConsultationswithIPs 37

5. INDIGENOUSPEOPLEPLANSPREPARATIONANDAPPROVAL 41

5.1. SocialPreparation 42

5.2. Disclosure/AccesstoInformation 42

6. IPPFIMPLEMENTATION 44

6.1. Sub-ProjectImplementation 45

6.1.1. UnanticipatedImpacts 46

6.1.2. ParticipationofWomenandVulnerableSectors 46

6.2. GrievanceRedressalMechanism 46

6.3. InternalandExternalMonitoringandReportingArrangements 47

6.3.1. ScheduleforMonitoringandReportingofIPPs 48

6.3.2. ExternalMonitoring/ThirdPartyValidation 48

6.4. InstitutionalArrangements 49

6.5. ImplementationScheduleandTime-boundActionsforImplementingthePlannedMeasures 51

6.6. BudgetandFinancingIPP 52

6.7. CapacityBuilding 52

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework iv

Annexes

I. PPAFPartnerOrganizationsWorkinginKalashValleysII. FootprintofPPAFinKalashCommunityIII. OperationalPrinciplesoftheWorldBankPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeopleIV. IndicativeAnnotativeOutlineofIPPV. DetailsofStakeholderConsultationsVI. LevelofAdverseImpactsofSpecificInterventionsinIPareas

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework v

AcronymsandAbbreviations

ADB AsianDevelopmentBankAKRSP AgaKhanRuralSupportProgrammeBoD BoardofDirectorsCBO CommunityBasedOrganizationCMP CommunityManagementPlanCMST CommunityManagementSkillsTrainingCO CommunityOrganizationCPI CommunityPhysicalInfrastructureCQA ComplianceandQualityAssuranceCSO CivilSocietyOrganizationDWSS DrinkingWaterSupplyandSanitationEIA EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentESM EnvironmentalandSocialManagementESMF EnvironmentalandSocialManagementFrameworkESR EnvironmentalandSocialReviewGRM GrievanceRedressalMechanismHH HouseholdIEE InitialEnvironmentalExaminationIESR IntegratedEnvironmentalandSocialReviewILO InternationalLabourOrganizationIP ImplementingPartnerIPP IndigenousPeoplesPlanIPPF IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFrameworkLMST LeadershipManagementSkillsTrainingMOA MemorandumofAgreementOG OverGround(WaterTanks)OH OverHead(WaterTanks)PO PartnerOrganizationPPAF PakistanPovertyAlleviationFundRCC RollerCompactedConcreteSRSP SarhadRuralSupportProgrammeTOP TermsofPartnershipUC UnionCouncilUG UnderGround(WaterTanks)VDP VillageDevelopmentPlanVO VillageOrganizationWB WorldBankWO WomenOrganization

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework vi

DefinitionofTerms1

AncestralDomain

Areasgenerallybelongingtoindigenouspeoples(IPs)comprisinglands,inlandwaters,coastalareas,andnaturalresourcestherein,heldunderaclaimofownership,occupiedorpossessedbytheIPs,bythemselvesorthroughtheirancestors,communallyorindividuallysincetimeimmemorial,continuouslytothepresentexceptwheninterruptedbywar,forceordisplacementbyforce,deceit,stealthorasaconsequenceofgovernmentprojectsoranyothervoluntarydealingsenteredintobygovernmentandprivateindividuals/corporations,andwhicharenecessarytoensuretheireconomic,socialandculturalwelfare.Itwillincludeancestrallands,forests,pasture,residential,agricultural,andotherlandsindividuallyownedwhetheralienableanddisposableorotherwise,huntinggrounds,burialgrounds,worshipareas,bodiesofwater,mineralandothernaturalresources,andlandswhichmaynolongerbeexclusivelyoccupiedbyIPsbutfromwhichtheytraditionallyhadaccesstofortheirsubsistenceandtraditionalactivities,particularlythehomerangesofIPswhoarestillnomadicand/orshiftingcultivators.

AncestralLand Landoccupied,possessedandutilizedbyindividuals,familiesandclanswhoaremembersoftheIPssincetimeimmemorial,bythemselvesorthroughtheirpredecessors-in-interest,underclaimsofindividualortraditionalgroupownership,continuously,tothepresentexceptwheninterruptedbywar,forcemajeureordisplacementbyforce,deceit,stealth,orasaconsequenceofgovernmentprojectsandothervoluntarydealingsenteredintobygovernmentandprivateindividuals/corporationsincluding,butnotlimitedto,residentiallots,terracesorpaddies,privateforests,farmsandtreelots.

CommunalClaims

Claimsonland,resourcesandrightsthereonbelongingtothewholecommunitywithinadefinedterritory

Consensus-Building

Apartofthedecision-makingprocessundertakenbytheIPsthroughtheirindigenoussocio-politicalstructuresandpracticesinarrivingatacollective/communaldecision.

Culture Ways,inwhichasocietypreserves,identifies,organizes,sustainsandexpressesitself.

CultureSensitive Thequalityofbeingcompatibleandappropriatetotheculture,beliefs,customsandtraditions,indigenoussystemsandpracticesofIPs.

CustomaryLaws Abodyofwrittenorunwrittenrules,usages,customsandpracticestraditionallyobserved,acceptedandrecognizedbyrespectiveIPs.

CustomsandPractices

Normsofconductandpatternsofrelationshipsorusagesofacommunityovertimeacceptedandrecognizedasbindingonallmembers.

Disability Permanentandsubstantialfunctionallimitationofdailylifeactivitiescausedbyphysical,mentalorsensoryimpairmentandenvironmentalbarriersresultinginlimitedparticipation.

Empowerment/Empower

Aprocessthatenablespeopletomaketheirchoices,haveasayindecisionsthataffectthem,initiateactionsfordevelopment,causechangeofattitudeandenhanceincreasedconsciousnessofequalaccesstoandcontrolofresourcesandservicessoastotakechargeofdevelopmentopportunities.

Equality Equalopportunityinresourceallocation,power,benefitsoraccesstoservicestoallpersonsirrespectiveofstatusorgender.

1DefinitionsoffewtermsareexcerptedfromWikipedia(http://en.wikipedia.org/)whiletheothersarefromtheWorldBankOperationsManualOP4.10:IndigenousPeoples,2013(http://go.worldbank.org/6L01FZTD20).

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework vii

FreeandPriorInformedConsent

AconsensusofallmembersofanIPcommunitytobedeterminedinaccordancewiththeirrespectivecustomarylawsandpractices,freefromanyexternalmanipulation,interferenceandcoercion,andobtainedafterfullydisclosingtheintentandscopeoftheactivity,inalanguageandprocessunderstandabletothecommunity.

Gender Thesocialandculturalconstructoftheroles,responsibilities,attributes,opportunities,privileges,status,accesstoandcontroloverresourcesaswellasbenefitsbetweenmenandwomen,boysandgirlsinagivensociety.

Hudood OftenusedinIslamicliteraturefortheboundsofacceptablebehaviourandthepunishmentsforseriouscrimes.InIslamiclaworSharia,hudoodusuallyreferstotheclassofpunishmentsthatarefixedforcertaincrimesthatareconsideredtobe"claimsofGod."

HumanRights Inherent,inalienableandindispensableentitlementsthatprotecteverypersonfromabuseanddeprivation.

IndigenousKnowledgeSystemsandPractices

Systems,institutions,mechanisms,andtechnologiescomprisingauniquebodyofknowledgeevolvedthroughtimethatembodypatternsofrelationshipsbetweenandamongpeoplesandbetweenpeoples,theirlandsandresourceenvironment,includingsuchspheresofrelationshipswhichmayincludesocial,political,cultural,economic,religiousspheres,andwhicharethedirectoutcomeoftheindigenouspeoples,responsestocertainneedsconsistingofadaptivemechanismswhichhaveallowedindigenouspeoplestosurviveandthrivewithintheirgivensocio-culturalandbiophysicalconditions.

IndigenousPeople

Agroupofpeopleorhomogenoussocietiesidentifiedbyself-ascriptionandascriptionbyothers,whohavecontinuouslylivedasorganizedcommunityoncommunallyboundedanddefinedterritory,andwhohave,underclaimsofownershipsincetimeimmemorial,occupied,possessedandutilizedsuchterritories,sharingcommonbondsoflanguage,customs,traditionsandotherdistinctiveculturaltraits,orwhohave,throughresistancetopolitical,socialandculturalinroadsofcolonization,non-indigenousreligionsandcultures,becamehistoricallydifferentiatedfromthemajority.IPsalsoincludepeopleswhoareregardedasindigenousonaccountoftheirdescentfromthepopulationswhichinhabitedthecountry,atthetimeofconquestorcolonization,oratthetimeofinroadsofnon-indigenousreligionsandcultures,ortheestablishmentofpresentstateboundaries,whoretainsomeoralloftheirownsocial,economic,culturalandpoliticalinstitutions,butwhomayhavebeendisplacedfromtheirtraditionaldomainsorwhomayhaveresettledoutsidetheirancestraldomains.

IndigenousPeoplesCommunity

Agroupofpeoplelivinginageographicalarea,whosharecommonculture,interestsand/ororganizedinasocialstructurethatexhibitsawarenessofcommonidentity.

Islamisation Processofasociety'sshifttowardsIslam.Incontemporaryusage,itmayrefertotheperceivedimpositionofanIslamistsocialandpoliticalsystemonasocietywithanindigenouslydifferentsocialandpoliticalbackground

Marginalizedgroups

PersonsorgroupsofpersonsdeprivedofopportunitiesforlivingarespectableandreasonablelifeasprovidedforintheConstitutionofPakistan.

Migrant Apersonwhoisnotanativetotheancestraldomainornotapartownerofancestrallandbutwho,asaconsequenceofsocial,economic,politicalorotherreasons,suchasdisplacementduetonaturaldisasters,armedconflict,populationpressure,orsearchforseasonalwork,optedtooccupyandutilizeportionsoftheancestralland/domainandhavesincethenestablishedresidencetherein.

ProtectedArea Identifiedportionsoflandandwatersetasidebyreasonsoftheiruniquephysicalandbiologicalsignificance,managedtoenhancebiologicaldiversityandprotectedagainstdestructivehumanexploitation.

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework viii

Qazi AlocallyappointedofficialwhomakesdecisionsamongKalashpeople

Self-determination

TheinherentrightofIPstoself-determinationandself-governanceincludestherighttopursuetheireconomic,social,andculturaldevelopment;promoteandprotecttheintegrityoftheirvalues,practicesandinstitutions;determine,useandcontroltheirownorganizationalandcommunityleadershipsystems,institutions,relationships,patternsandprocessesfordecision-makingandparticipation.

Shariat Islamiccodeoflife;asourceoflawinPakistan

SocialExclusion Beingleftoutofthesocial,cultural,economicandpoliticalactivities

Sunnah AnactoftheProphetMuhammad(PBUH)whichisfollowedbyMuslims

Tablighis PersonsrelatedtoanIslamicreligiousmovementworkingforspreadofIslamandspiritualreformationbyworkingatthegrassrootslevel,reachingouttoMuslimsacrosssocialandeconomicspectratobringtheminlinewiththegroup'sunderstandingofIslam.

Talibanization AtermcoinedfollowingtheriseoftheTalibanmovementinAfghanistanreferringtotheprocesswhereotherreligiousgroupsormovementscometofolloworimitatethestrictpracticesoftheTaliban.

Vulnerability Astateofbeinginorexposedtoariskysituationwhereapersonislikelytosuffersignificantphysical,emotionalormentalharmthatmayresultinhis/herhumanrightsnotbeingfulfilled.

Youth Youthisdefinedasaperiodduringwhichapersonprepareshimself/herselftobeanactiveandfully,responsiblememberofthesociety.Itisaperiodoftransformationfromfamilydependantchildhoodtoindependentadulthoodandintegrationinthesocietyasaresponsiblecitizen.NationalYouthPolicyofPakistan-2008definesyouthasthepopulationintheagegroupof15-29years.

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework ix

ExecutiveSummary

1. Introduction

1. With an overall goal to alleviate poverty through empowering poor people andincreasingtheiraccesstoincomeandopportunitiesensuringafocusonthemostvulnerableandmarginalized groups, the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) is a socially andenvironmentally sensitive organization and is committed to sustainable development ofPakistan. PPAF ensures that all its supported interventions remain socially acceptable andenvironmentfriendly.Currently, it is implementingtheThirdPakistanPovertyAlleviationFundProject(2009-2015)withkeyfeaturessuchas social mobilization and institution building,livelihood enhancement and protection,micro-credit access, and providing basic services andinfrastructure.

2. PPAF has already developed the Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) to complywithnationalenvironmental lawsandWorldBank’soperationalpolicies forsocial and environmental safeguards, and adheres to PPAF’s core principles of socialtransformationandenvironmentalresponsibility.

2. IndigenousPeoplePlanningFramework(IPPF)

3. PPAF has developed the IPPF following the World Bank Operational Policy 4.10 onIndigenousPeoplewhichistriggeredwhenaproject/sub-projecteitherpositivelyornegativelyand directly or indirectly effects the Indigenous People’s dignity, human rights, livelihoodsystemsorcultureofIPs;oraffectstheterritoryornatural,orculturalresourcesthatIPsown,use,occupyorclaimastheirancestraldomain; inthiscasetheKalashcommunityresidingtheChitralDistrictofKhyberPakhtunkhwaprovince.ItwillensurethatthePPAFthroughitsPartnerOrganizationspreparetheIndigenousPeoplesPlans(IPPs)foreachsub-project/intervention intheseareas.TheIPPswillbesenttotheWorldBankforclearancepriortotheapprovalofsub-projectbythePPAF.Thescopeof the IPPF includesgaugingpositiveandnegatives impactsofsub-projects on indigenous peoples, preparing plan for carrying out the social assessment forsub-projects,developingframeworkforensuringfree,prior,andinformedconsultationwiththeaffected Indigenous Peoples’ communities at each stage of project preparation andimplementation, ensuring institutional arrangements including capacity building wherenecessaryforscreeningsub-project-supportedactivities,evaluatingtheireffectsonIndigenousPeoples, preparing IPPs, addressing any grievances, developing monitoring and reportingmechanism,andfinallydisclosingarrangementsforIPPFandIPPstobepreparedundertheIPPF.FollowingclearanceofIPPFbytheWorldBankandendorsementbythePPAFmanagement,thesamewillbedisclosedonPPAFandWBwebsites.

4. TheIPPFfollowstheOperationalPrincipleslaiddownbytheWBOP4.10andprovidesaframeworkforthedesigningandimplementationsub-projectsinawaythatfostersfullrespectfor Indigenous Peoples’ dignity, human rights, and cultural uniqueness and so that they: (a)receiveculturallycompatiblesocialandeconomicbenefits;and(b)donotsufferadverseeffectsduring the development process”. IPPF intends to (i) provide policy and legal framework andprocedures to plan and manage sub-projects/interventions in Indigenous People areas; (ii)provide guidance to PPAF and its POs for sub-projects/interventions selection, screening andassessment of their social impacts; (iii) guide the process of Indigenous Peoples Planning,including socio-economic assessment, and free, prior and informed consultations; and (iv)provideguidancetoPPAFanditsPOsonpreparationandimplementationofIndigenousPeoplesPlans(IPPs)forsub-projects/interventionsinIPareas.

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework x

5. ThescopeofthisIPPFislimitedtothePPAFsupportedactivitiesundertakenbytwoofits Partner Organizations, i.e., AKRSP and SRSP, in three Kalash Valleys – namely Bamburet,RumboorandBirirofChitralDistrict inKhyberPakhtunkhwaprovinceofPakistan. Ithasbeendeveloped through review of relevant literature, key informant interviews, focus groupdiscussions, discussions with POs and the relevant stakeholders, and social assessmentundertakeninKalashvalleys.

3. NationalOverviewofIndigenousPeopleinPakistan

6. The Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 and the country legal system does not recogniseIndigenous Peoples. However, there are a few constitutional and legal provisions for tribalpeoplelivinginvariouspartsofPakistan.PakistanhasalsovotedfortheUNDeclarationontheRights of Indigenous Peoples, 2007 and ratified the ILO Convention on Indigenous and TribalPopulations,1957,andtheInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights,1966.

7. Given the lack of legal definition for the indigenous peoples in Pakistan, there havealways been varying claims by different societal groups. The term “indigenous peoples” hasbeenconfusedwiththatoftribalpeoples,andethnicandreligiousminorities.Sofar,thereisnoauthenticinventoryofindigenouspeoplesinPakistan.

4. Policy,LegalandInstitutionalFrameworkforIPPF

8. Mainly,theIPPFhasbeenguidedby(i)local/nationallawsandregulationsonIPs,(ii)theWorldBankPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeople,(iii)theinternationalConventionsratifiedbytheGovernment of Pakistan, and (iv) the Environmental and SocialManagement Framework (5thEdition) of thePPAF-III Project. Though there is no clear recognitionof IndigenousPeoples inPakistan’sconstitutionaland legal framework,variousprovisionsprovide forprotectionof IPs’rights.Similarly,variousgovernmentinstitutions,suchastheMinistryofReligiousAffairs&InterFaithHarmony,theFederalAdvisoryCouncilforMinoritiesAffairsandtheMinorityCommitteesat district and local levels, and the Minority Welfare Fund are there to protect IndigenousPeoples’interests.Variouscivilsocietyorganizations,bothinternationalandnational,havebeenactiveforIndigenousPeoples’rights.IncaseofKalash,theKalashFoundation,thePakistanRedCrescent Society, the Greek Volunteers, the Helvetas Swiss Inter-cooperation Pakistan, theHinduKushConservationAssociation,UK/KalashEnvironmentalProtectionSociety,theKalashPeopleWelfareSociety,theAyun&ValleysDevelopmentProgramme,andPPAFanditsPartnerOrganizations such as AKRSP and SRSP have been active for community led development ofKalashpeople.

5. Definition/CriteriaforIdentifyingIndigenousPeoples

9. There are no definitive criteria for identifying Indigenous Peoples. The World BankdefinedIPsasadistinct,vulnerable,socialandculturalgrouppossessing(i)self-identificationasmembersofadistinct indigenousculturalgroupand recognitionof this identitybyothers; (ii)collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the projectarea and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; (iii) customary cultural,economic,social,orpolitical institutionsthatareseparatefromthoseofthedominantsocietyandculture; and (iv) an indigenous language,oftendifferent from theofficial languageof thecountryorregion.

6. PPAFandKalashCommunity

10. TheKalashcommunityissofartheonlyIndigenousPeoples,PPAFisworkingwith.PPAFhasbeen implementing infrastructuresub–projects in theKalashValleysince2000through itspartner organizations, i.e., Agha Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) and Sarhad Rural

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework xi

Support Programme (SRSP). Social mobilization efforts in Kalash Valleys have resulted information of 92 Village Organizations (VO), Women Organizations (WO) and Civil SocietyOrganizations(CSO)witharepresentationofalmost2,500persons.Ofthese,8VOshavebeenset up with PPAF support in the villages of Rumboor and Birir. A total of 30 PPAF fundedinfrastructureschemesincludingirrigation,roads,watersupply,sanitation,floodprotectionandhydel power benefiting over 3,500 households are present in Kalash Valleys and adjacentvillages.EightoftheseschemeshavebeenimplementedunderthePPAFIIIproject,benefiting1,021 households. No intervention is planned in Kalash Valleys through PPAF PartnerOrganizations in the near future under PPAF-III. However, these POs may continueimplementingmoreinterventionsthroughtheirownorotherdonorresources.

11. Kalash–believedtobedescendantsofAlexandertheGreat–areresidingin15villagesof Ayun Union Council of Chitral district of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan.They are identified as indigenous peoples due to their distinct tribal customs, religion and auniqueKalash language. The total populationof these 15 villages is 17,994with 3,628 (1,729women)Kalashpeoples.Additionally,556KalashpeoplearesettledinrestoftheChitralDistrict,makingthetotalestimatedKalashpopulationas4,184(asextrapolatedfrom1998census).Thecommunitystillreliesmainlyontheirindigenoussourcesoflivelihood;however,thecommunitydoes not have a unique source of livelihood as these traditional occupations are sharedwithother ethnicities and tribes in the region. The recent transition to a cashbasedeconomyhasrenderedtheKalashtobethepoorestcommunityoftheregion.JusttwovillagesofBamburetandRumboorValleyshavemajorityofKalashpeopleswhile in fiveothervillagesKalashare insignificantnumbersbutnotinmajority.

12. SocialmobilisationinKalashValleysislimitedwithlowwomeninclusionatVOlevel.Ingeneral,theKalashpeoplearepeacefulbuthaveaninstitutionofQazitonegotiateandreachanamicable solutionbetween theconflictparties.TheKalash isan insulatedcommunityandhasverylittlecontactwithpeopleandinstitutionsoutsidetheirimmediateareasofresidence.TheCommunity has reported indirect pressures from the Muslim majority in their villages andsurroundingareastoconverttoIslam,succumbingtowhichtodayKalashhavedecreasedtoonethirdoftheirpopulationadecadeago.TheissuesandchallengesofKalashcommunitiesincludelackofexclusiveschoolsystemfortheKalashchildren,healthandsanitation,changeofreligion,andunsustainabletourismanddevelopmentinterventions.

13. Mostof theKalash canbe categorisedaspoorwithhardly 10%as above thepovertyline. Kalash are a patriarchal society, with strong male dominance in financial, political andculturalareas;however,thewomentakeupthebulkoftheeconomicactivity,primarilyworkingin the fields. The Kalash people welcomed development interventions, especially related toconnectivityanddemandedmoreofsuchinterventions.Notasinglecaseofanynegativeimpactofdevelopmentinterventionswasreported.

7. PotentialInteractionsofPPAF-IIIProject

14. PPAF’s interventions/subprojectsmaydirectlyor indirectlyandpositivelyornegativelyimpact indigenous communities and their knowledge systems, practices and values. Since thesubprojectsarenormallysmall-scaleandcommunitybased,negativeimpactsareexpectedtobeminimal.Someofthepotentialnegativeimpactsmayincludedivisivenessamongtheindigenouscommunitymembers resulting from inequitable distributions of benefits, and disturbances tocultural or religious places of the community and local grazing or hunting grounds. In theprocessofdevelopingthisIPPF,nineconsultationswereheldwiththeKalashcommunitiesandother stakeholders in Bamburet, Rumboor and Birir valleys. While the community was fullyaware of the interventions and no barrierswere found in its participation in planning and/orimplementation of the schemes; the communities demanded for more development

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework xii

interventions to alleviate their poverty. Some of the recommendations from stakeholdersinclude protection of traditional graveyard, separate educational institutions for Kalash orexclusion of religious material from curriculum, establishment of proper health facilities,allocation of quota for Kalash people in public and private sector, emergency preparedness,inter-NGOs collaboration, grassroots level interventions, demarcation of Kalash pasturesboundaries,communitybasedconservationofnaturalresources,forpreservationofcultureandheritage,andpriorconsultationandaccentfordevelopmentinterventions.

8. IPPFimplementation

15. PPAF will ensure implementation of IPPF through its Operational Units and ESMU incollaborationwithitsPartnerOrganizationsinthefollowingmanner:

• EarlyonscreeningandidentificationofIndigenousPeoplesinthenewlyproposedsub-projects’areas,andtheirprior,freeandinformedparticipationinthesubsequentsocialand intervention risks assessments, and gender action planning will be ensuredfollowing stepselaborated inSection4.Thecategorisationof the sub-projecthasalsobeendescribedinthesamesection.

• Foreachsub-project in the IndigenousPeoples’areas,an IndigenousPeoplesPlanwillbedeveloped following the stepselaborated inSection5, including socialpreparationanddisclosure/access to information.An indicative annotatedoutlineof IPPhasbeenprovidedinAnnexIV.

• The IPPF implementation will be made part of PPAF’s project cycle as elaborated inSection 6. It would include initiating Community Management Plans; assessing anyunintended impacts; ensuring participation of women and vulnerable sectors;establishing a Grievance Redressal Mechanism; internal and external/third partyvalidation monitoring and reporting; budgeting and financing of IPPs; and capacitybuildingofPPAFandPOs staff. The institutional responsibilities forPPAF,CQAGroup,ESMUnit,POs,LSOs,VOs,COs,LocalGovernmentandtheWorldBankhavealsobeenexplainedinthesameSection.

16. TheprocessofIPPFimplementationissummarisedinthefollowingprocessflowchart.

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework xiii

Project Proposal Screening for presence of IPs

Environmental & Social

Assessment

Prior, Free & Informed

Consultation

No IP community

present

IP community is present

Project is processed for implementation

Indigenous Peoples Plan

Monitoring & Reporting

LEGEND:

PPAF


PartnerOrganization

IPP implementation


IPPF compliance

Donors

GrievancesGrievance Redressal

Mechanism

PPAF–IndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. PakistanPovertyAlleviationFund

1. PPAF represents an innovativemodel of public private partnership. Incorporated as anot for profit corporate entity, it follows the regulatory requirements of the Securities andExchangeCommissionofPakistan.SponsoredbytheGovernmentofPakistanandfundedbytheWorldBankandother leadingagenciesanddonors,PPAF isanapex institutionof thecountrywholesalingfundstocivilsocietyorganizations.PPAFformspartnershipsonthebasisofrigorouscriteria. Before finalizing partnerships, it ensures that the partners have well targetedcommunity outreach programs that are committed to enhancing the economic welfare andincomeofthedisadvantagedpeople.Benefitsaccruedirectlytothevulnerablethroughincomegeneration, improved physical and social infrastructure, and training and skill developmentsupport.

2. With an overall goal to alleviate poverty through empowering poor people andincreasingtheiraccesstoincomeandopportunitiesensuringafocusonthemostvulnerableandmarginalizedgroups,itstrivestoachievethefollowingobjectives:

i. To strengthen the institutional capacity of civil society organizations, and support thecreation of organizations of the poor that canwork together to alleviate poverty andachieveMDGs

ii. Tobuildpublic-privatepartnershipswith thepurposeof increasingmarketaccessandmarketshareforpoorcommunities

iii. To ensure that public services for poor communities are available and adhere toidentifiedqualitystandards

1.1.1. ThirdPakistanPovertyAlleviationFundProject(PPAF-III)

3. The Third Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF-III) Project is a five-year project,financed by the World Bank, started in 2009 and ending in 2015. The Pakistan PovertyAlleviationFund(PPAF)istheImplementingAgencyofPPAF-III,whichisimplementedinalloverPakistan through community driven development approach with active participation of 129PartnerOrganizations,and three tier community institutions (613LocalSupportOrganizationsatUC level,11,832VillageOrganizationsand141,273CommunityOrganizations)2.TheprojectaimstobuilduponPPAF’spastexperiencetoimprovepovertyoutcomesthroughanapproachofconsolidationandsaturationintargetedareas,astrongerfocusonthemarginalizedgroupsofthe most vulnerable and poorest households including women, and through integratedapproachestolivelihoodenhancement.

4. ThekeyfeaturesofthePPAF-IIIprojectare:

• Social Mobilization and Institution Building to target and empower the poor bysupportingtheirorganisationintothreetiers;namely(i)CommunityOrganizations(CO),(ii)VillageOrganizations (VO),and (iii)UnionCouncil levelThirdTierOrganizations, tobuild voice and scale for an effective interface with local government bodies, otherdevelopmentprogramsandmarkets.

2Asof31March2015


• LivelihoodEnhancementandProtectiontodevelopthecapacity,opportunities,assetsand productivity of community members to reduce their vulnerability to shocks,improvetheirlivelihoodinitiativesandstrengthentheirbusinessoperations.

• Micro-creditAccess to improveavailabilityandaccessof thepoor tomicrofinance forenhancingtheircapacities,productivityandreturnsfromlivelihoodinitiatives.

• ProvidingBasicServicesandInfrastructuretoestablishandupgradebasicservicesandcommunity infrastructure to serve the poor, and improve health and educationfacilities.

1.1.2. LongTermResultsofPPAF-III

5. Broadlyaimingat“ImprovedLivesandProtectionoftheVulnerable”,PPAF-IIIintendstocontributetotheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs),particularly:

• Improvingincomesofthepoorest(Goal1,Target1);• Reducingtheproportionofpeoplewhosufferfromhunger(Goal1,Target2);• Ensuringthatchildren,boysandgirlsalike,areabletocompleteafullcourseofprimary

schooling(Goal2,Target3);• Promoting gender equality and empowering women, especially in education (Goal 3,

Target4);and• Reducing the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water

andsanitation(Goal7,Target10).

6. Inordertoachievetheabovetargets,PPAF-IIIensuresthat:

i. Inclusive COs of the poor are formed and their clustersmobilized, which are able tomanage their own development, access services through improved linkages to localgovernment,otherdevelopmentprogramsandmarketsforsustainableservicedelivery.

ii. Enhanced assets and incomes, productive market linkages and sustainable livelihoodopportunities for targeted households are improved with reduced vulnerability toshocks.

iii. Thepoor (especiallywomen)have increasedaccess tomicro-credit,particularly in theleastdevelopedareasofPakistan.

iv. Thepoor communities have increasedaccess toprovisionof basic needs likedrinkingwater, irrigation,energy,access to transport,access tomarkets,healthandeducationfacilitiesandlocalgovernmentinstitutions.

1.1.3. EnvironmentandSocialManagementatPPAF

7. PPAF is a socially and environmentally sensitive organization and is committed tosustainabledevelopmentofPakistan.PPAFensuresthatall itssupported interventionsremainsocially acceptable and environment friendly. Though a need for social and environmentalmanagement was realised since the inception of PPAF-I project, but PPAF developed its firstEnvironmental and SocialManagement Framework (ESMF) in 2009at theproject preparationstage of PPAF-III, to comply with national environmental laws andWorld Bank’s operationalpoliciesforsocialandenvironmentalsafeguards,andadherestoPPAF’scoreprinciplesofsocialtransformation and environmental responsibility. It was modified and updated from time totime and its fifth revision has been completed in 2014 under PPAF-III project, incorporatingmitigationmeasuresagainstimpactsofnewinterventionsandschemesintroducedbyPPAF.TheESMFprovideslegalandpolicyframeworkandproceduresforcompliancebyPPAF,anditsPOsandcommunityinstitutionstoassessandmanagenegativeenvironmentalandsocialimpactsatsub-projects/interventions design and construction regimes, and operations andmaintenance/management. Compliance of ESMF is mandatory for all PPAF Partner


Organizations (POs) and community institutions while implementing any of PPAF supportedinterventions.PPAF complywithESMFacross its activities through thePartnersOrganizationsand community institutions. PPAF recognizes that environmental and social managementrequiresevenmorecautiousapproachincaseofworkinginIndigenousPeopleareas.

1.1.4. EnvironmentalandSocialManagementFrameworkofthePPAF-IIIProject

8. ThepurposeofPPAF-IIIEnvironmentalandSocialManagementFramework(ESMF)istoensurethatenvironmentandsocialmanagementisintegratedintotheentirecycleofPPAFandsub-projects, to be financed under PPAF-III Project. ESMF provides a practical tool to guideidentification and mitigation of potential environment and social impacts of proposedinterventions. The ESMF is based on the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguardpolicies aswell as national laws and regulations. Environmental and social issues are trackedduringall stagesof the sub-projects cycle toensure that supportedactivities complywith thepoliciesandguidelineslaidoutintheESMF.TheapproachandmainprovisionsofIPPFareinlinewith ESMF requirements. In that regard, vital information from the ESMF was adopted andappliedaccordinglytopreparethisIPPF.ThePPAFanditsPOswillcarefullyscreentheactivitiesof all subprojects for a preliminary understanding of the nature and magnitude of potentialimpacts,andexplorealternatives toavoidorminimizeanyadverse impactsasdetailed in theESMF.

1.2. RationalforPPAF-IIIIndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework

9. Under PPAF-III project, the PPAF started funding Partner Organizations working inIndigenousPeople(IP)areanamedKalash/Kalash,which is located inChitralDistrictofKhyberPakhtunkhwaprovince,Pakistan.The IndigenousKalashpeople live in threeremotemountainvalleysnamedBamburet,RumboorandBirir,whicharesituated inAyunUnionCouncilof theChitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. The Kalash people have socio-economicandculturalcharacteristicsofindigenouspeopleasdefinedbytheWordBankPolicyon Indigenous People. They are identified as an indigenous community due to their distincttribalcustoms,religionandauniquelanguage–Kalash.RumboorAccordingtothelastcensus(1998), Kalash people reside in 15 villages of Ayun Union Council. Following populationestimates of the Population Census 1998, Kalashandeh (Anish) village has the highestconcentrationofKalashpeople(85%),followedbyRumboor(75%).WhileKalashpeopleareinminorityinrestofthe13villages(rangingfromlessthan1%to44%).

10. Kalashpeopleconsiderthemselvesindigenousbecausetheyhavebeenlivingintheareafor thousandsofyears.Furthermore, theirdistinct language, folklore,andpolytheistic religiondifferentiate them from the other communities in the areawho hadmigrated to Chitral at alatertime.Thecommunitystillreliesmainlyontheirindigenoussourcesoflivelihoodincludinglivestock, small-scale cultivation andwage labour.3However, the community does not have aunique source of livelihood as these traditional occupations are sharedwith other ethnicitiesand tribes in the region.TheKalashpeoplehaveonly recentlybeguntomove towardsacasheconomy,triggeredbytheinfluxoftouristsinthearea.Somemembersofthecommunityhaveopenedsmallshopswhileothersareerectingguesthousestocatertotheneedsofthetourists.This recent transition toa cashbasedeconomyshows that theKalashareoneof thepoorestcommunities of the region as other communities have developed more complex economicsystemswithlinkstoregionalmarkets.

3FocusGroupDiscussionwiththecommunity


1.2.1. FootprintofPPAFinKalashCommunity

11. PPAF has been present in Kalash Valleys since 2000, implementing communityinfrastructuresub-projectsandsocialmobilizationthroughitsPartnerOrganizationsAKRSPandSRSP.ThedetailofthesePPAFPartnerOrganizationsworkinginKalashValleysisgiveninAnnexI. Social mobilization efforts in Kalash Valleys have resulted in formation of 92 VillageOrganizations (VO),Women Organizations (WO) and Civil Society Organizations (CSO) with arepresentationofalmost2,500persons.Ofthese,8VOshavebeensetupwithPPAFsupportinthevillagesofRumourandBirir.AsummaryoftheseVOsisgiveninAnnexII.

12. Atotalof30PPAFfunded infrastructuresub-projects including irrigation,roads,watersupply, sanitation, flood protection and hydel power benefiting over 3,500 households arepresent in Kalash Valleys and adjacent villages. Eight of these sub-projects have beenimplementedunderthePPAFIIIproject,benefiting1,021households.Asummaryofthetypeofsub-projects is presented in Annex II. Livelihood andmicrofinance activities are currently notbeing financed by PPAF in the Kalash Valleys. No intervention is planned in Kalash ValleysthroughPPAFPartnerOrganizationsinthenearfutureunderPPAF-III.However,thesePOsmaycontinueimplementingmoreinterventionsthroughtheirownorotherdonorresources.

1.3. ApplicationofWorldBankSafeguardPolicies

13. TheWorldBankfundedprojectsandactivitiesaregovernedbysocialandenvironmentsafeguardOperationalPolicies,whicharedesignedtoensurethattheprojectsareeconomically,financially, socially andenvironmentally sustainable.PPAFdeveloped relevant tools to complywiththesePolicies,mainlyESMF.

14. InlinewiththeConstitutionofPakistan1973,andbeingasociallyandenvironmentallyresponsibleorganization,PPAFfullyrecognisesthehumanrights,uniqueness,andfullyrespectsdignityofIndigenousPeople,tolivetheirlifeandundertakedevelopmentactivitiesaccordingtotheirreligion,faithandcultureswithoutanydiscriminationtowardstheirwayoflife.PPAFalsoensures thatall segmentsof communities,especially children,womenandmarginalised,haveequitable access to benefits accruing from its interventions implemented through its PartnerOrganizationsandcommunityinstitutions.

1.3.1. WorldBankPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeople:TriggersandScope

15. The World Bank Policy 4.10 on Indigenous People4 is triggered when a project/sub-projecteitherpositivelyornegativelyanddirectlyor indirectlyeffectsthe IndigenousPeople’sdignity,humanrights,livelihoodsystemsorcultureofIPs;oraffectstheterritoriesornatural,orculturalresourcesthatIPsown,use,occupyorclaimastheirancestraldomain.However,byitsnature, PPAF cannotdetermine the typesof sub-projects in advanceuntil communities selectthem.Giventheexpectedshorttermandlong-termbenefits,andpositiveimpactsandadverseimpacts of sub-projects on IPs, an Indigenous People Planning Framework (IPPF) is deemednecessaryandthusprepared.Further,thePPAFthroughitsPartnerOrganizationsrequiresthepreparationof IndigenousPeoplesPlans (IPPs) foreachsub-project/intervention, ifanyof thePartnerOrganizationsapplyfortherequestoffunding intheIPareas.TheIPPswillbesenttotheWorldBankforclearancepriortotheapprovalofsub-projectbythePPAF.ThescopeofthisIPPFincludes:

4TheWorldBankOperationsManualOP4.10:IndigenousPeoples,2013(http://go.worldbank.org/6L01FZTD20).


• Thepotentialpositiveandadverseeffectsofsub-projectsonIndigenousPeoples• Aplanforcarryingoutthesocialassessmentforsub-projects• A framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected

Indigenous Peoples’ communities at each stage of project preparation andimplementation

• Institutional arrangements including capacity building where necessary for screeningsub-project-supported activities, evaluating their effects on Indigenous Peoples,preparingIPPs,andaddressinganygrievances

• Monitoring and reporting arrangements, including mechanisms and benchmarksappropriatetotheproject/sub-project

• DisclosurearrangementsforIPPFandIPPs,tobepreparedundertheIPPF

16. This IPPF has been prepared by the PPAF and fully endorsed by PPAF management.Afterclearanceof IPPFby theWorldBank, itwillbedisclosedon thePPAFwebsite toenablelargerpublic to read it. ItsExecutiveSummarymaybetranslated inUrduandplacedonPPAFwebsite.ItwillalsobedisclosedontheWorldBankwebsite.

1.3.2. IPPFPrinciplescompatiblewiththeWorldBankPolicyonIP

17. The Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework for PPAF is based on the followingprincipleslaiddownintheWorldBankPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeople:

i. Screen at the earliest, in the PPAF’s project cycle, to determine whether IndigenousPeoplesarepresentinthesub-projectarea.

ii. Undertake culturally appropriate, gender and intergenerational inclusive socialassessmenttodeterminepotentialdirectandindirectshortandlongtermpositiveandadverse impacts on Indigenous Peoples. Give full consideration to options andpreferences of the affected Indigenous People in relation to project benefits anddesigning of mitigation measures. Identify social and economic benefits for affectedIndigenousPeoples that are culturally appropriateandgenderand intergenerationallyinclusiveanddevelopmeasurestoavoid,minimize,and/ormitigateadverseimpactsonIndigenousPeoples.

iii. Undertake free prior and informed consultations with affected Indigenous Peoplescommunitiesbothwithmenandwomenandothermarginalizedgroups,andconcernedIndigenous Peoples organizations to solicit their participation (i) in designing,implementing,andmonitoringmeasurestoavoidadverseimpactsor,whenavoidanceisnot possible, tominimize,mitigate, or compensate for any adverse effects; and (ii) intailoring project benefits for affected Indigenous Peoples communities in a culturallyappropriatemanner.

iv. Do not undertake commercial development of cultural resources or knowledge ornatural resourceswithin customary lands under use thatwould impact livelihoods orcultural, ceremonial or spiritual uses that define the identity and community ofIndigenousPeopleswithoutobtainingtheirprioragreementtosuchdevelopment.

v. PrepareanIndigenousPeoplesPlan(IPP),basedonthesocialassessmentanddrawsonindigenous knowledge, in consultation with and active participation of the affectedIndigenousPeoples’communitiesbyusingqualifiedandexperiencedprofessionals. IPPwill include a framework for continued consultation with IP during sub-projectimplementation; measures to ensure that IP receive culturally appropriate benefits;measures to avoid, minimize or mitigate/compensate adverse impacts; establishingculturally appropriate and gender inclusive grievance redress mechanism, monitoringandevaluationarrangements;andabudgetandtimeboundimplementationschedule.


vi. Discloseadraft IndigenousPeoplesPlan, includingdocumentationof the consultationprocessandresultsofsocialimpactassessment,inatimelymannerbeforeappraisalofasub-projecttotheIPcommunitiesandotherstakeholders.FinalapprovedIPPwillalsobedisclosedtothe IPcommunitiesandotherstakeholders, includingthedisclosureofprogressandmonitoringreportsduringimplementation.

1.4. IPPFObjectives

18. TheoverallobjectiveofIPPFistofacilitatecompliancewiththerequirementsspecifiedintheWorldBankPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeopleandtheOperationalPrinciplesprovidedinAnnex III. The broader objective of IPPF is to provide a framework for the designing andimplementationsub-projects inaway that fosters full respect for IndigenousPeoples’dignity,humanrights,andculturaluniquenessandsothatthey:(a)receiveculturallycompatiblesocialandeconomicbenefits;and(b)donotsufferadverseeffectsduringthedevelopmentprocess”5,thespecificobjectivesofthisIPPFinclude:

i. To provide policy and legal framework and procedures to plan and manage sub-projects/interventions in Indigenous People areas, in conformity to the World BankPolicy 4.10 on IP as well as the local/national applicable laws and regulations,internationallawsratifiedbytheGovernmentofPakistanandESMF.

ii. ProvideguidancetoPPAFanditsPOsforsub-projects/interventionsselection,screeningandassessmentoftheirsocialimpacts.

iii. To guide the process of Indigenous Peoples Planning, including socio-economicassessment;andfree,priorandinformedconsultations.

iv. ProvideguidancetoPPAFanditsPOsonpreparationandimplementationofIndigenousPeoplesPlans(IPPs)forsub-projects/interventionsinIPareas.

19. By fulfilling these objectives, the PPAF will ensure (i) participation of IPs in selectingcommunity subprojects through informeddecision-making, (ii) informedparticipationof IPs inthesub-projectplanningsothatIPsreceiveculturallycompatiblesocialandeconomicbenefits,(iii) that IPswill not be adversely affected by subproject implementation, (iv) that IP activelyparticipate and lead in the design, development, and implementation of community projects,and (v) that feedback on project implementation, benefits and risks is provided to IPcommunities.

1.4.1. ScopeofIPPF

20. ThescopeofthisIPPFislimitedtothePPAFsupportedactivitiesundertakenbytwoofits Partner Organizations, i.e., AKRSP and SRSP, in three Kalash Valleys – namely Bamburet,RumboorandBirir.

1.4.2. MethodologyfollowedforIPPFPreparation

1.4.2.1. ReviewofDocuments

21. First of all, the World Bank Operational Policy 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples wasthoroughly reviewed to understand the requirements. Taking into consideration, theoperational principles for indigenous peoples planning, the Indigenous Peoples PlanningFramework for PPAF has been prepared based on secondary information from internet

5TheWorldBankOperationsManualOP4.10:IndigenousPeoples,2013(http://go.worldbank.org/6L01FZTD20).


research,reviewoftherelevantdocumentsofPOs,NGOsandgovernmentinstitutions.AreviewofinternationalinstrumentswasalsoconductedtounderstandtherecognitionandrightsofIPs.AnanalysisofsecondarydatawasconductedtoapplythesameinthecontextofKalashIPsandPakistan.

1.4.2.2. FieldVisitsandStakeholderConsultations

22. Primary data was collected through qualitative and quantitative social assessmentmethods to generate required information, namely Key Informant Interviews, Focus GroupDiscussions,andanalysisofavailabledatafromPOs,LSOandgovernmentoffices.Forinstance,demographic data was extrapolated based on the 1998 Census data but was furthertriangulatedthroughdiscussionswiththeLSOandcommunitymembers.Thevoters liststatusand legal status were confirmed from the government officials and the developmentinterventions’datawasobtainedfromthePOs.Intotal,7FGDsand10KeyInformantInterviewswereconductedinadditiontomultipleinformaldiscussionswiththePO,LSOandgovernmentstaff.

23. Field observations further helped in obtaining untold information like settlementpattern,infrastructure,sourcesoflivelihood,andnaturalresourcemanagement.KeyInformantInterviews in theKalashValleysprovidedan in-depthanalysisof issues facedby IPsofKalash.Gender specific stakeholder consultations were conductedwithmen andwomen communitymembersseparatelyasthecommunitydidnotconsideritculturallyappropriatetohavemixedFGDs.TheseconsultationsalsoincludedMuslimsaswellasmarginalizedmembersoftheKalashcommunity.

24. Number of key informants in the community, Partner Organizations, Local SupportOrganization and the government offices were interviewed to get in-depth knowledge aboutstatusandissuesofandinterventionsfortheKalashpeople.

25. Getting accurate estimate of Kalash population was a challenge as different sourcesquotedvaryingestimatesoftheKalashpopulation.Also,therewaslackofconsensusondefiningavillage,hencethenumberofvillageswithKalashpeoplevariedfrom14to17.Inordertoavoidconfusionandhavingauthenticdata,namesofthevillagesandthepopulationestimateshavebeen taken fromthePopulationCensus1998.For reaching theestimatedpopulation in2015,the1998populationfigureshavebeenextrapolated.

1.4.2.3. ESMF

26. The IPPFwas prepared alongsideof ESMF (5th Edition), information about nature andtypeofsub-projectsimpactshasbeentakenfromESMF.

27. Areiterativeprocessofdraftdevelopment,reviewsandrevisionswasadopted.ThefinaldrafthasbeenendorsedbythePPAFmanagementandsubmittedtoWBforclearance.

1.5. ANationalOverviewofIndigenousPeopleinPakistan

28. TheConstitution of Pakistan, 1973does not recognise Indigenous Peoples – even theword‘indigenous’isnotfoundintheConstitution.Hence,thereisnoparticularlawtosafeguardIndigenous Peoples rights and privileges. However, the tribal people living in various parts ofPakistanhavebeenacknowledgedinitsArticles1,andgivencertainrightsandprivilegesunderArticle 246 and 247. They have been given political representation in the Parliament underArticle51and59.ThenationalandprovinciallawscanbeextendedtotheTribalAreasonlywiththeconsentof thePresidentofPakistan. In theabsenceofanyother legal instrument for theIndigenousPeoples,theycanbetreatedunderthecategoryofpeoplelivingintheTribalAreas.


29. Pakistan has also voted in favour of the UN Declaration on the Rights of IndigenousPeoples, 2007. TheDeclaration provides for all sorts of rights for the Indigenous Peoples butdoesnotbindthememberstates to legislate for therightsof IndigenousPeoples;hence isoflimitedvaluetotheIndigenousasfaraspracticalbenefitstothemareconcerned.Thislimitationhasovershadowedanyeffortstoprovideconstitutionalandlegalprotectiontothesevulnerablecommunities.

30. EarlierPakistanhad ratified the ILOConventionon IndigenousandTribalPopulations,1957howeveritwaslaterreplacedbytheILOIndigenousandTribalPeoplesConvention,1989whichPakistanhas not yet ratified. Pakistanhas signed and ratified someother internationalhuman rights instruments, treaties and conventions which are not directly binding towardsindigenousand tribalpeoplesbut theycanprovidebasis for their struggleaswellaspracticalguidance to theGovernmentandconcerned institutionson indigenousand tribalpeoplesandtheirissues.

31. The most important of these conventions is the International Covenant on Civil andPoliticalRights, 1966whichPakistanhas ratifiedwith reservationson itsArticle3 (equalityofmen andwomen) and 25 (election to the public posts) aswomendonot have equal right oftestimony and a non-Muslim cannot become President or Prime Minister according to theConstitutionofPakistan.However,Pakistandidnot ratify itsOptionalProtocol.ThisCovenantdoesnotmentiontheIndigenousPeoplepersebutcanbeusedtoprovidethemrelief.

32. Given the lack of legal definition for the indigenous peoples in Pakistan, there havealways been varying claims by different societal groups. The term “indigenous peoples” hasbeenconfusedwiththatoftribalpeoples,andethnicandreligiousminorities.Inmostcases,theidentificationofindigenouspeoplehasbeenarequirementunderthedonor-fundedprojects.Atleast two indigenous peoples planning frameworks have been drafted under the ADB fundedpowersectorprojects,whicharequitegeneric.

33. So far, there is no authentic inventory of indigenous peoples in Pakistan. Any effortaimed at identification of IPs and inventorying across Pakistan needs extensive academic andfield research. PPAF is fully committed to identify marginalised groups, including indigenouspeoples,initsprogramareasacrossPakistanandwillkeeponitseffortstoidentifysuchgroups,especially IPs, early on for developing the relevant IPPFs and IPPs before undertaking anyinterventionsinIPsareas.PPAFhasalsoincludedachecklisttoitsPOappraisalandsub-projectplanning process, which would help early identification of any marginalised groups andIndigenousPeoplesifsuchcommunitiesarepresentinanyoftheproposedsub-projectareas.

1.6. Policy,LegalandInstitutionalFrameworkforIPPF

34. Mainly,theIPPFhasbeenguidedby(i)local/nationallawsandregulationsonIPs,(ii)theWorldBankPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeople,(iii)theinternationalConventionsratifiedbytheGovernmentofPakistan,and(iv)theEnvironmentalandSocialManagementFramework(ESMF)ofthePPAF-IIIProject(5thEdition).

1.6.1. NationalandLocalLaws,andRegulations

1.6.1.1. ConstitutionalofPakistan

35. The equality of citizens, protection of minority groups and freedom of religion inPakistanis guaranteedby the Constitution of Pakistan. The constitutional provisions regardingminorities imply religious minorities, but over the years extended to ethnic minorities andindigenouspeople.


36. Article 2 (A) the Objectives Resolution was passed by the Constituent Assembly ofPakistaninMarch1949,andwasmadeasubstantivepartoftheConstitutionofPakistanbythePresidentialOrderNo.14of1985,Art.2andSch. item2 (witheffect fromMarch2,1985). Itguaranteesequalityofrightstotheminoritiessaying:

• Wherein the State shall exercise its powers and authority through thechosenrepresentativesofthepeople;Whereintheprinciplesofdemocracy,freedom,equality, toleranceandsocial justiceasenunciatedby Islamshallbefullyobserved;

• Whereinadequateprovisionshallbemadefortheminoritiesto*[absentin1985-2010,re-addedin2010]freely*professandpracticetheirreligionsanddevelop their cultures; Wherein the territories now included in or inaccession with Pakistan and such other territories as may hereafter beincludedinoraccedetoPakistanshallformaFederationwhereintheunitswill be autonomouswith such boundaries and limitations on their powersandauthorityasmaybeprescribed;

• Wherein shall be guaranteed fundamental rights including equality ofstatus,ofopportunityandbeforelaw,social,economicandpoliticaljustice,and freedomof thought, expression, belief, faith,worshipandassociation,subject to law and public morality; Wherein adequate provisions shall bemadetosafeguardthelegitimateinterestsofminoritiesandbackwardanddepressedclasses;

37. The1973ConstitutionofPakistandescribesthat“allcitizensareequalbefore lawandare entitled to equal protection of law” under Article 25 (1) of the Constitution. The FourthAmendmenttotheConstitutionofPakistanwasmadethatbecamepartoftheConstitutionofPakistan on November 21, 1975, which decreed the seats for minorities and non-Muslimsrepresentation to the government of Pakistan and the Parliament of Pakistan, to protect theminorityrightsinthecountry.

38. There are also other beneficial provisions to safeguard and protect minorities in theconstitution.

Article20.Freedomtoprofessreligionandtomanagereligiousinstitutions:Subjecttolaw,publicorderandmorality:(a)everycitizenshallhavetherighttoprofess,practiceandpropagatehisreligion;and(b)everyreligiousdenominationandeverysectthereofshallhavetherighttoestablish,maintainandmanageitsreligiousinstitutions.

Article 21. Safeguard against taxation for purposes of any particular religion: Nopersonshallbecompelledtopayanyspecialtaxtheproceedsofwhicharetobespentonthepropagationormaintenanceofanyreligionotherthanhisown.

Article22.Safeguardsastoeducationalinstitutionsinrespectofreligion,etc.:(1)Noperson attending any educational institution shall be required to receive religiousinstruction,or takepart inanyreligiousceremony,orattendreligiousworship, ifsuchinstruction,ceremonyorworshiprelatestoareligionotherthanhisown.(2)Inrespectof any religious institution, there shall benodiscrimination against any community inthegrantingofexemptionorconcessioninrelationtotaxation.(3)Subjecttolaw:(a)noreligious community or denomination shall be prevented from providing religiousinstructionforpupilsofthatcommunityordenominationinanyeducationalinstitutionmaintained wholly by that community or denomination; and (b) no citizen shall be


deniedadmission toanyeducational institution receivingaid frompublic revenuesonthegroundonlyofrace,religion,casteorplaceofbirth.(4)NothinginthisArticleshallpreventanypublicauthorityfrommakingprovisionfortheadvancement.

Article 28. Preservation of language, script and culture: Subject to Article 251 anysection of citizens having a distinct language, script or culture shall have the right topreserve and promote the same and subject to law, establish institutions for thatpurpose.

Article36.Protectionofminorities:TheStateshallsafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofminorities, includingtheirduerepresentation intheFederalandProvincialservices.

1.6.1.2. ExecutiveOrderfortheProtectionofKalashCommunities

39. TherewasagrowingtrendinKalashthatoutsidersappropriated/mortgagedtheprimeresourcesofKalash,thelandandtreesatatokenprice.Thefederalandprovincialgovernmentrealized the seriousness of this issue and passed an executive order in 1974 issued by theGovernment of Pakistan6 to redeem Kalash people’s land and tress against mortgages.7 TheGovernmentalsoprovidedloanstoKalashcommunitiestorecovertheir landandtressagainstmortgages. Government legally forbade the purchase of land or any new construction byoutsiders.LawsalsoforbidtheforcibleconversionofanyKalash"andbanthecuttingoftreesbyoutsiders.InresponsetocomplaintsaboutabusebyschoolteachersexclusivelyKalashschoolshavebeenopened.

1.6.2. InternationalObligations/Commitments

1.6.2.1. InternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)Convention107and169

40. The ILO has been working with Indigenous and tribal people since 1920. The ILOadoptedIndigenousandTribalPeopleConvention107in1958withthesupportofUNsystem;itwasthefirstinternationalconventiononthesubjecttoaddresstheproblemsofindigenousandtribal people (ITP), which was ratified by 27 countries. This Convention was revised throughadoptionofConventionno. 169 in1989, ratifiedby20 countries. The revised ILOConvention169iscertainlyaprominentexampleofinternationalstandard-settingforITP.PakistanratifiedILOConvention107,whichisstillinforceinPakistanasitremainsbindingsoncountries,whichhave ratified it, butConvention107wouldautomaticallydenounced if oncea country ratifiesConvention169.PakistanreportsonitsimplementationofC.107afterevery5yearsasperitsrequirements.TheseconventionsprovidepolicyframeworkforITP’sdevelopment.TheC.107isavaluabletoolforprotectingandpromotingIP’srights.TheILOCommitteeofExpertsexamineITP situation in Pakistan and drawn attention of the Government of Pakistan towards theirissuesi.e.forcedlabour,health,humanrightsabusesandlandrights.ILOhasbeenworkingwiththeGovernmentofPakistanandITPPartnersfortheimplementationofC.107activities.Theseactivities involve awareness raising, training of government and ITP representatives, andcapacitybuildingonspecialneedsofITPs.

6Malik,JavedAhmedandArshadWaheed,2005.Kalash-TheChallengeofDevelopmentwithIdentity:MeaningsandIssues.Islamabad:InstituteofSocialPolicy.

7http://www.chitralnews.com/LT142.htm


1.6.2.2. UnitedNationsDeclarationontheRightsofIndigenousPeople

41. UN General Assembly adopted the United Nations Declaration on the Rights ofIndigenousPeople(UNDRIP)on13Sep2007,ontherecommendationofhumanrightscouncilresolutionof29 June2006.Pakistanalso voted in favourof thisDeclarationalongwithother143 countries. As aGeneralAssemblyDeclaration it is not a legally binding instrumentunderinternationallaw,accordingtoaUNpressrelease,itdoes"representthedynamicdevelopmentofinternationallegalnormsanditreflectsthecommitmentoftheUN'smemberstatestomoveincertaindirections";theUNdescribesitassetting"animportantstandardforthetreatmentofindigenouspeoplesthatwillundoubtedlybeasignificanttooltowardseliminatinghumanrightsviolations against theplanet's 370million indigenouspeople andassisting them in combatingdiscriminationandmarginalization."

42. TheDeclaration sets out the individual and collective rights of indigenous peoples, aswell as their rights to culture, identity, language, employment, health, education and otherissues. It also "emphasizes the rights of indigenous peoples tomaintain and strengthen theirowninstitutions,culturesandtraditions,andtopursuetheirdevelopmentinkeepingwiththeirown needs and aspirations”. It "prohibits discrimination against indigenous peoples", and it"promotestheirfullandeffectiveparticipationinallmattersthatconcernthemandtheirrightto remaindistinctand topursue theirownvisionsofeconomicand socialdevelopment”.ThegoaloftheDeclarationistoencouragecountriestoworkalongsideindigenouspeoplestosolveglobal issues, like development, multicultural democracy and decentralization. According toArticle31, there isamajoremphasis that the indigenouspeopleswillbeable toprotect theirculturalheritageandotheraspectsoftheircultureandtradition,whichisextremelyimportantin preserving their heritage. The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action had alreadyrecommendedtheelaborationofthisDeclaration.

1.6.3. WBPolicyonIndigenousPeoples(OP4.10)

43. TheWorldBankOperationalPolicy4.10(IndigenousPeoples),20138contributestotheBank's mission of poverty reduction and sustainable development by ensuring that thedevelopment process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures ofIndigenousPeoples.ForallprojectsthatareproposedforBankfinancingandaffectIndigenousPeoples, the Bank requires the borrower to engage in a process of free, prior, and informedconsultation, resulting in broad community support to theproject by the affected IndigenousPeoples.AllsuchBank-financedprojectsincludemeasuresto:

a. AvoidpotentiallyadverseeffectsontheIndigenousPeoples’communities;orb. Whenavoidanceisnotfeasible,minimize,mitigate,orcompensateforsucheffects.

44. Bank-financedprojectsarealsodesignedtoensurethattheIndigenousPeoplesreceivesocialandeconomicbenefitsthatareculturallyappropriateandgenderandinter-generationallyinclusive.Thepolicy laysdown requirements for theprojects tobe financedby theBank thataffectsIndigenousPeoples:

i. Screeningby theBank to identifywhether IndigenousPeoplesarepresent in,orhavecollectiveattachmentto,theprojectarea;

ii. Asocialassessmentbytheborrower;

8TheWorldBankOperationsManualOP4.10:IndigenousPeoples,2013(http://go.worldbank.org/6L01FZTD20).Accessedon25Jan2014.


iii. A process of free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected IndigenousPeoples’ communities at each stage of the project, and particularly during projectpreparation, to fully identify theirviewsandascertain theirbroadcommunity supportfortheproject;

iv. The preparation of an Indigenous Peoples Plan or an Indigenous Peoples PlanningFramework;and

v. Disclosure of the draft Indigenous Peoples Plan or draft Indigenous Peoples PlanningFramework.

45. PPAF being implementing agency of the World Bank financed Pakistan PovertyAlleviation Fund projects (PPAF-I, PPAF-II and PPAF-III which is under implementation), fullyacknowledgesthePolicyandhasthusdevelopedtheIndigenousPeoplesPlanningFrameworkinconformitytotheWorldBankPolicy4.10onIP.AnindicativeannotatedoutlineforIndigenousPeoplesPlanisgiveninAnnexIV.

1.6.4. OrganizationsWorkingonKalash

1.6.4.1. MinistryofReligiousAffairs&InterFaithHarmony

46. TheMinistryofReligiousAffairshasbeenworkingsince1970.InJune2013,MinistryofNational Harmony was merged with a larger ministry, the Ministry of Religious Affairs andnames as Ministry of Religious Affairs & Inter Faith Harmony. The functions of this ministryregarding minorities include safeguard the rights of minorities, as guaranteed under theconstitution;protectionofminorities fromdiscrimination;promotionofwelfareofminorities;representationininternationalbodiesandconferencesregardingminoritiesrights;internationalcommitmentsandagreementsconcerningminorities,andimplementationoftheseagreements.

1.6.4.2. FederalAdvisoryCouncilforMinoritiesAffairs

47. There is also the Federal Advisory Council for Minorities Affairs. This council, whichincludes all the electedminority representatives in the national and provincial assemblies aswell as other prominent members of minority groups, and non-government members, isentrustedwithmakingrecommendationsonpolicyissuesaswellasotherspecificmatters.Thedecision for the adoption of recommendations and implementation lies with the federalgovernment.

1.6.4.3. MinorityCommitteesatDistrictandLocalLevel

48. Atdistrict level,MinorityCommittees foreachdistrict include representativesof localminorities;thedistrictgovernmentauthorityistheinchargeofminorityissues.UndertheLocalBodiessystemofgovernment,theminorityseatsarereservedatadministrativelevelfromtheDistrict Council down to Town Committees and Union Councils. Minority groups may electrepresentativestoeachofthesebodies inordertoprotecttheir interests ineducation,healthcare,andalsoinfrastructuresuchasroadsandirrigationchannels.

1.6.4.4. MinorityWelfareFund

49. ThefederalgovernmenthadsetupaPakistanMinoritiesWelfareFund in1974withasumoftwomillionand in1982anotherfivemillionaddedtothefundandconverted it intoarevolvingfund.In1985anon-lapsablefundfortheupliftandwelfareofminoritieswascreatedwithafundofRs20millionandgiventotheminorityrepresentativesinthenationalassemblyfor the economically needed families and small-scale infrastructure schemes. In the budget2014-2015, there are two funds for the welfare of minorities, i.e., (1) Pakistan Minorities


Welfare Fund with a deposit of Rs. twomillion and (2) Special Fund forWelfare & Uplift ofMinoritieswithanallocatedbudgetof11million.

1.6.4.5. KalashFoundation

50. In 1991, the District Chief Administrator formed Kalash Foundation, consists ofbureaucratsresponsible forKalashaffairs, legislativerepresentativesof theKalashatboththenationalandthedistrictlevel,andtwomembersfromKalashcommunity.TheFoundationusedtoprovidetextbookstotheschoolstudentsandhealthandsanitationfacilitiestoKalashpeople.NowthisFoundationisinactive.

1.6.4.6. PakistanPovertyAlleviationFund

51. ThePakistanPovertyAlleviationFund(PPAF)representsan innovativemodelofpublicprivatepartnership. Incorporatedasanot forprofitcorporateentity, it follows theregulatoryrequirementsoftheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionofPakistan.

52. Sponsored by the Government of Pakistan and funded by theWorld Bank and otherleadingagenciesanddonorsPPAFistheleadApexinstitutionofthecountry,wholesalingfundsto civil society organizations. PPAF forms partnerships on the basis of a rigorous criterion.Before finalizing partnerships, it ensures that the partners have well targeted communityoutreachprogramsthatarecommittedtoenhancingtheeconomicwelfareand incomeofthedisadvantaged people. Benefits accrue directly to the vulnerable through income generation,improvedphysicalandsocialinfrastructure,andtrainingandskilldevelopmentsupport.

53. TheWorldBank’sThirdPakistanPovertyAlleviationFund(PPAF-III)Projectwasstartedin2009.Theprojectaims tobuilduponPPAF’spastexperience to improvepovertyoutcomesthroughanapproachofconsolidationandsaturationintargetedareas,astrongerfocusonthemarginalized groups of the most vulnerable and poorest households including women, andthrough integrated approaches to livelihood enhancement. To ensure compliance ofenvironmental and social safeguards, the Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF)wasprepared in2009,andupdatedrecently (2014) to incorporatesafeguards fornewinterventionsandschemesintroducedbyPPAF.

1.6.4.7. AghaKhanRuralSupportProgram

54. The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) was founded in the early 1980s inwhat is now Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Created by the Aga Khan Foundation, it worked onagricultural productivity, natural resource management, small-scale infrastructure andforestation. Its purpose was to improve agricultural productivity and raise incomes in a verypoor, remoteandmountainouspartofPakistan.AKRSPhascompletedanEthnographic studyontheKalashpeoplewiththehelpofICIMOD.MoredetailsareavailableinAnnexI.

55. A sister organization of AKRSP within the Aga Khan Development Network, FocusHumanitarian,isalsoactiveKalashareasfocusingondisasterpreparedness.

1.6.4.8. SarhadRuralSupportProgram

56. SarhadRural Support Programme (SRSP) is a non-profit organisation registered underCompany's Law, working in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and parts of FATA. It is an intermediaryorganization which is based on the rural support programme approach to communityempowerment and economic and livelihood development. It was established in 1989 bymembers of the civil society, enlightened members of the government in their individualcapacities,membersoftheacademia,mediaandtraininginstitutions.In2007SRSPalsoinitiated


a programme for community empowerment and economic development in parts of FATA. Inrecentyearsbecauseofitsvastoutreachinthecommunities,SRSPhashadtoplayaprominentroleindisastersthathavehitKhyberPakhtunkhwaandasaresulthumanitarianworkalongwithdevelopmenthasbecomeacorecompetencyoftheorganization.MoredetailsareavailableinAnnexI.

57. InadditiontoPPAFfundedactivities,SRSPhasprovidedadditionalclassroomsandotheramenitieslikeboundarywallstotheschoolsinKalashareasthroughKfWfundingwhileithassetuptwomicrohydelpowerstations(of200and50kW)withthehelpoftheEuropeanUnion.

1.6.4.9. PakistanRedCrescentSociety

58. ThePRCShasestablishedoneBasicHealthUnitatBamburetandaCivilDispensaryatRumboor to provide health services to Kalash communities.Under the disaster risk reductionprogrammefewprotectionwallsandcheckdamshavebeenconstructed.

1.6.4.10. GreekVolunteers

59. ThoughnotformallyincorporatedunderPakistanlaw,theGreekVolunteershavebeensponsoringseveralculturalprojectssuchastemple,women’squartersandschoolsintheKalashcommunities. Additionally, the Government of Greece has established a HeritageMuseum intheareatopromotetherichculturalheritageoftheKalashpeople.

1.6.4.11. HelvetasSwissInter-cooperationPakistan

60. Commonly known as Inter-Cooperation, it has implemented some natural resourcemanagementprojectsinKalashValleys.

1.6.4.12. HinduKushConservationAssociation,UK/KalashEnvironmentalProtectionSociety(HKCA/KEPS)

61. HKCA (Hindu Kush Conservation Association) is a British Charity (Charity number1063232) tohelp theneedsof theKalashand theirenvironment.KEPS (KalashEnvironmentalProtectionSociety) isa registeredNGO inPakistan.Thesewere foundedbywell-knownsocialworkerMaureenLines.

62. Thelong-termcommonobjectivesofbothorganizationsinclude:

• Toprotecttheenvironmentandconservetheforests• Toprotectculturalheritage• To preserve and conserve the indigenous group ‘The Kalasha’ their culture and to

preservetheenvironment.• Toprovide themedical facilitiesand improve thequalityof lifeof thepeople through

healthawareness-raisingcampaign.• Toengageincapacitybuildingofthelocalpeopletogenerateincomewithinthevalleys.• Toseektheregistrationoftheareatobecomeanorganiczoneandbiosphere.

63. SincetheirinceptionbothhavebeeninvolvedinvariousactivitiesintheKalashValleysfrom small beginnings with a Medical Project which has now been expanded to health andsanitationprojects,tourismandpreservationoftheoldbuildingsinthevalleystotheformationof young Women’s society in Birir regarding health education and awareness. They were


instrumental inbringing the firstTBTrainingScheme toChitral, including theopeningofaTBTestingClinicatShidi.9

1.6.4.13. KalashPeopleWelfareSociety(KPWS)

64. Kalash Welfare is a UK based charity working for the Kalash people of North WestPakistantohelpKalashpeoplewiththeirexistingprojects.ItsupportskeepingtheKalashculturealive.Recentprojects includeanonlineKalashforum,theprivateeducationofayoungKalashboy, a course in IT teaching for aKalashgirl,medicinedistribution, andexpenses incurredbyoneoffmedicalemergencies.

1.6.4.14. AyunandValleysDevelopmentProgramme(AVDP)

65. TheAyunandValleysDevelopmentProgrammewasformedin2005asaLocalSupportOrganization and has membership of 108 community organization (including 56 VillageOrganizations,31WomenOrganizationsand21CommunitySupportOrganizations). It focuseson Community Mobilization, Institutional Development, Gender &c Development, CapacityBuilding,ResourceMobilization,InfrastructureDevelopment,MicroEnterprises,Culture,Health,Environment, Natural Resource Management, Poverty Alleviation, Youth, Microfinance, andVocational Training. SO far it has partnered with AKRSP, SDC, RSPN, Greek Embassy, RWEP,CIADP, UNDP, CIADP/Thrive, the Local Government and Hashoo Foundation. Since all threeKalash valleys are located within the Ayun Union Council, AVDP has so far completed thefollowingschemesintheKalashvalleys:

• PublicBathroomsinBalanguruVillage• DrinkingwatersupplyschemesinBruthurandTrakdaraVillages• IrrigationChannelinShigalaVillage• StairsandpavementsinGrumVillage• SanitationinKalashgramVillage• IrrigationchannelinChuchuGolVillage• Dancingplace• RepairofirrigationchannelsinBaradesh,Shigala,Koldesh,Gumbayak,Dubazh• CommunitytoiletsandbathroomsinAnishVillage

1.7. Definition/CriteriaforIdentifyingIndigenousPeoples

66. In Pakistan, the term “ethnicminority” is used to refer to Kalash indigenous peoples.However,forthisframework,theWorldBankcriteriontoidentifyindigenouspeopleshasbeenadapted,asperOP4.10onIndigenousPeople.TheWorldBankPolicyonIPstates”Becauseofthe varied and changing contexts in which Indigenous Peoples live and because there is nouniversally accepted definition of “Indigenous Peoples,” this policy does not define the term.Indigenous Peoples may be referred to in different countries by such terms as "indigenousethnic minorities," "aboriginals," "hill tribes," "minority nationalities," "scheduled tribes," or"tribalgroups."Forpurposesofthispolicy,theterm“IndigenousPeoples” isused inagenericsense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the followingcharacteristicsinvaryingdegrees:

i. Self-identificationasmembersofadistinctindigenousculturalgroupandrecognitionofthisidentitybyothers;

9http://www.hindukushconservation.com/


ii. Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in theprojectareaandtothenaturalresourcesinthesehabitatsandterritories

iii. Customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate fromthoseofthedominantsocietyandculture;and

iv. An indigenous language, often different from the official language of the country orregion.

1.7.1.1. ScreeningforIdentifyingIP

67. Early in project preparation, the World Bank undertakes a screening to determinewhetherIndigenousPeoplesarepresentin,orhavecollectiveattachmentto,theprojectarea.Inconductingthisscreening,theBankseeksthetechnicaljudgmentofqualifiedsocialscientistswithexpertiseonthesocialandculturalgroupsintheprojectarea.TheBankalsoconsultstheIndigenous Peoples concerned and the borrower. The Bank may follow the borrower’sframework for identification of Indigenous Peoples during project screening, when thatframeworkisconsistentwiththispolicy.

1.8. Socioeconomic/CulturalBaselineInformationofKalash

68. In the last census (1998) in Pakistan, the indigenous people of Kalash were includedunder the tribal people of Chitral Valley. PPAF has been working through its PartnerOrganizations in Kalash since year 2000 to alleviate poverty of the underprivileged andmarginalized communities of Kalash. This Frameworkwill be applicable to the Kalash area asWorldBankonly recognises thepeopleof Kalash as indigenouspeoples in Pakistan as per itsPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeople.

1.8.1. Kalash–BackgroundandCharacteristics

69. There is a popular belief among the Kalash (and many non-Kalash) that they aredescendants of Alexander theGreat. This theory is based on the fact thatAlexander broughtwith him troops from various parts of his empire when he came to the subcontinent. SomeevidencesuggeststhattheKalashsocietyoriginatedinSyria,withamixtureofinfluencesfromothernearbycultures,includingGreek.Ifthisistrue,theymayhavemigratedfromSyriaalongwithAlexander’sGeneral Seleucus (Trail,G1996,p.373). Strand (2001)also tracesapossiblehistoryof the Indo-Aryansgenerally, includingtheKalash, fromtheequestriantribesmenwhooriginallyoccupiedtheareabetweentheBlackandCaspianSeasaboutfourthousandyearsago,andwhomigratedasfarasSouthAsia.10

70. The Kalash or the Kalash are the only paganminority residing in 15 villages in threevalleysof theAyunUnionCouncilofChitraldistrictof theprovinceofKhyberPakhtunkhwa inPakistan. They form the smallest minority community in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.ThoughthepeopleofKalashwereonceinalargenumber,someestimatesofaround200,000,thenumberhasdwindledsomuchsothatonlyahandfulofKalashpeopleremain.ThestrikingdecreaseinthepopulationofKalashpertainstoconversionofthesepaganstoIslam.Theyareidentifiedasindigenouspeoplesduetotheirdistincttribalcustoms,religionandauniqueKalashlanguage.Currently,thesecommunitiesresidinginBamburet,RumboorandBirirvalleysformasinglecultureduetotheirverysimilarculturalpractices,whileBirirbeingthemosttraditional

10Cooper,Gregory,2005.IssuesintheDevelopmentofaWritingSystemfortheKalashLanguage.PhDthesisatDepartmentofLinguistics,MacquarieUniversity.


one formsaseparateculture.ThepeopleofKalasharewhiteskinnedwithgoldenbrownhairandblueeyes.

71. Kalashpeople consider themselves indigenousdue to theirdistinct language, folklore,and polytheistic religion; differentiate them from the other communities in the area whomigratedtoChitralatalatertime.Thecommunitystillreliesmainlyontheirindigenoussourcesof livelihood including livestock, small-scale cultivation and wage labour. However, thecommunity does not have a unique source of livelihood as these traditional occupations areshared with other ethnicities and tribes in the region. The Kalash people have only recentlybegun tomove towardsacasheconomy, triggeredby the influxof tourists in thearea.Somemembersofthecommunityhaveopenedsmallshopswhileothersareerectingguesthousestocatertotheneedsofthetourists.ThisrecenttransitiontoacashbasedeconomyshowsthattheKalashareoneofthepoorestcommunitiesoftheregionasothercommunitieshavedevelopedmorecomplexeconomicsystemswithlinkstoregionalmarkets.

1.8.2. KalashPopulation

72. According to the last census (1998),Kalashpeople reside in15villagesofAyunUnionCouncil. The extrapolated population of Kalash people in 2015 is 3,628 (with 1,729women).Kalash population constitutes about 15% of the total population of Ayun Union Council (i.e.,24,348)andaround20%ofthetotalextrapolatedpopulationofthese15villages(i.e.,17,994).There are other 556 Kalash people settled in rest of the Chitral District, making the totalestimatedKalashpopulationas4,184.Theaveragehouseholdsizeinthese15villagesis7.4withan average population growth rate of 2.49% per annum. Unfortunately no other accurateestimatesofKalashpopulationareavailableasdifferentsourcesvaryintheirestimates.Thereisalsoconfusionoverthedefinitionofavillagehenceforthesakeofauthenticityonlythevillagesacknowledged by the Population Census 1998 have been taken into consideration. TheIndigenousPeoplesPlanstobedevelopedbythePartnerOrganizationsduringplanningoftheirsub-projectswill undertake a baseline,whichwill establish the accurate population of Kalashpeopleinthearea.Figure1showscompositionofKalashpopulationinAyunUnionCouncil.

Figure1:KalashPopulationinChitralDistrict

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Kalashande

h(Anish)

Burun

Batrik

Karakar

Pehlaw

anande

h

Shiekhanande

h(Zahoo

riat)

Rumbo

or

Birir

Birirnisar

Der

Gang

Barw

uch

Kand

isar

Shanpayeen

Sahanb

ala

Bamburet Rumboor Birir OtherValleys

KalashPopulapon MuslimPopulapon


73. Lookingattheavailabledemographicstatistics,KalashareinmajorityinthevillagesofKalashandeh (Anish)andRumboor,85%and75%, respectively.Kalashpopulationranges from7%to44%inthevillagesofBurun,Birir,Batrik,KarakarandPehlawanandeh.Intheremaining8villages, their population is negligible (less than 1%). Once the IPPs for the upcoming sub-projectsaredeveloped,morerealisticdemographicstatisticswillbeavailable.

Table1: KalashPopulationinChitralDistrict

Village ValleyMuslim

PopulationKalash

Population%ageofKalashPopulation

1 Kalashandeh(Anish)

Bamburet

88 494 84.86%

2 Burun 594 460 43.66%

3 Batrik 451 112 19.95%

4 Karakar 623 129 17.17%

5 Pehlawanandeh 1,609 112 6.53%

6 Shiekhanandeh(Zahooriat) 2,005 2 0.08%

7 Rumboor Rumboor 437 1,291 74.69%

8 BirirBirir

1,688 1,016 37.58%

9 Birirnisar 389 2 0.39%

10 Der 1,138 2 0.13%

11 Gang 363 2 0.42%

12 Barwuch 495 2 0.31%

13 Kandisar 921 2 0.16%

14 Shanpayeen 1,413 2 0.11%

15 Sahanbala 2,153 2 0.07%

1.8.3. SocialMobilisationandDecision-MakinginKalashCommunities

74. At present, only Village Organizations (VOs) exist in Kalash Valleys but those arecurrently dormant, i.e., not performing any activity. However, the community has lot ofpotentialandwillingnesstobeinvolvedindevelopmentactivities.AlthoughtheseVOsarepartofAyunValleyDevelopmentProgram(LSO)butVOmembersseekmoremeaningful,activeandtrueparticipationandrepresentationinLSOproceedings.ThewomeninclusionatVOlevelwasfound low. During discussions, community mentioned that suggestions are being taken fromwomenbeforeundertakinganydevelopmentalworkbuttheinputwasnotobvious.

75. The VOs (existing community institutions) of Kalash valleys need revitalization, alongwithmorewomen inclusionandcontributiontoensure factual representationofmarginalizedKalashcommunity.

76. Theauthoritytomakedecisionisprimarilyamanifestationofsocio-economicstatusofcertain communitymembers. The relatively rich communitymembers have greater voice andweight in decision-making. While dispute resolution is mainly assigned to Qazi (see Section1.8.4), ingeneral thedecisionsabouteveryday lifearemadebyelders in thecommunity.Thewomenandyoungareseldomconsultedindecision-making.


1.8.4. ConflictsandCohesionamongKalashCommunities

77. In general, the Kalash people live peacefully and are not involved in inter-villageconflicts.AQazi is designated fromamongst the communitybasedonhis commandover theKalash religion and culture who negotiates and reaches an amicable solution between theconflict parties, be it within the Kalash communities and orwith the Sheikhs/Muslims. SomewomenhavealsobeendesignatedasQazi.ConsultationwiththeQaziseemstobetheprimary(andquitepopular) formofconflictmanagement.Themain responsibilitiesof theQaziare toleadonthereligiousandculturalactivities,andconductingarbitrationmeetingsoverdomesticandproperty-relatedissues.

78. Afewexamplesoftheconflictsobservedinclude:

• The Sheikh Community (Kalash who have accepted Islam) is blamed by Kalashcommunity of stealing the livestock of the Kalash and disturbing the graveyards ofKalash(inBamburetValley)withthehelpfromNuristan(Afghanistan)people.

• Some people from the Ayun UC exploit natural resources of Kalash communities bygrazingontheirlandsandpastures.Severalcasesofconflictoverlandownershipwerealso shared. In such cases (within the Valley), the Kalash take up the casewith theirQazi. In some cases, the Kalash involve the police or take up thematter in the localcourts.WomenintheRumboorValleyseemedtobewellawareofsuchcasesandtheoptionsavailableforconflictresolution.

• Women in the Rumboor Valley object to the outsiders / tourists taking their picturesandinvadingtheirprivacywhichsometimesleadstoresentmentandconflict.WomenintheBamburetValley,however,donot feel thesameway. In fact, they take thisasanopportunity to sell their merchandise (beads, headgears, clothes) to the tourists andearnanadditionalincome.

1.8.5. CommunityRelationsandPowerStructure

79. The Kalash is an insulated community and has very little contact with people andinstitutionsoutsidetheirimmediateareasofresidence.TheCommunityhasreportedpressuresfrom the Muslim majority in their villages and surrounding areas to convert to Islam, bothforcefully and through peaceful missions (the Tablighi Jamaat). A key community informantstated that the number of communitymembers who were actually following the indigenouspolytheisticreligionoftheKalashhaddecreasedfrom15,000persons(adecadeago)toalmostonethird.

80. The strongwave of Islamisation in the region has decreased the social space for theKalashwherebythemembersofthecommunityalongwiththeirculturalandreligioussymbolsarefrequentlytargetedbyfundamentalists,resultingindestructionanddefilingoftemplesandplacesofworshipinKalashvillages.

81. Inadditiontoreligiousdiscrimination,theKalashpeoplearefacingeconomicoppressionfrom the majority, such as forceful taking over of pastures surrounding the Kalash villages.However, the community does not face systematic exclusion and discrimination at the sociallevelastheyfreelyparticipateinthesocialeventsoftheMuslimcommunity.

82. The community’s customs and traditions are vulnerable to the increased influence ofIslamandmodernization.Accordingtoakeyinformant,theKalashdonothaveacodedaccountof their customs and traditions whereby culture and folklore is transferred orally throughgenerations.Thisoraltraditionisthreatenedbymoderneducationwherebystudentsbelongingto the community have started losing interest in their indigenous culture. The surviving


expressionsofKalashculturearepresentintheirfestivalsandritualswhichareslowlyeroding.AMuslim seminary has been constructed in the immediate vicinity of the Kalash dancing placewhichhasthepotentialtoemergeasamajorissueofconflictinthefuture.

83. However, the participants of the FGDs did notmention any specific communal issuesbased on difference of faith. Some of the Kalash and recently converted Muslims still havemarriage unions intact. The everyday business and interaction has not boundaries based onreligion.Infact,manyofthemreportedthattheirMuslimclansmentrytobehelpfulincaseofanyexternalpressureandconflict.

84. Thepowerstructure,withinKalashpeopleandamongstvariouscommunalgroupslivinginKalashvalleys, isprimarilya functionofwealth.Notonly, thenon-Kalashpeople,but thoseamong the Kalash who earned wealth due to tourism, government jobs or ‘politics ofdevelopment’exercisepowerinallspheresoflife.Theinfluenceofthoseassociatedwithlocaland internationalNGOs isalsooneaspectofpowerstructureasnotonlythatsuch individualswereabletomakemonetaryfortunesbutalsostartedposingthemselvesasrepresentativesofthecommunity.

85. Unlike otherminorities, the Kalash people are registered as general voters in generalvoters’lists.Hence,theyhavenospecialstatusasminoritiesandseparateelectorate.Theyarealsosubject to formal jurisprudenceforcriminalcases inthecourtsof law.However,civilandfamily suits are decided by the courts of law based on Kalash traditions.Most of the Kalashpeopleresolvetheirconflictsthroughcommunalmeans,ratherthanapproachingcourtsoflaw.

1.8.6. IssuesandChallengesofKalashCommunities

86. The following issues and challengeswere identified during the consultationswith thecommunitiesandtherelevantstakeholders,aswellasthroughfieldobservations:

1.8.6.1. NeedforexclusiveschoolsystemfortheKalashchildren

87. Althoughschoolenrolmentisveryhigh(thecommunityclaimedcloseto100%maleandfemalechildrenwereattendingschool),oneofthemostcriticalissueshighlightedbytheKalashcommunities was lack of exclusive school system for the Kalash children. Once the Kalashchildren qualify the primary schools, there are no exclusive secondary schools in the KalashValleys.Hence,eithertheyhavetocommutetoAyunUCforcompletingtheireducationorjointheexistinggovernmentschoolswheremajorityofthepupilsareMuslims.AlthoughnovisibleanimositywasobservedbetweentheKalashandtheMuslims,theKalashbelievethatsendingtheirchildrentoschoolswiththeMuslimmajoritystudentscancompromisetheircultureandway of life. This is primarily due to the reason that the existing curriculum used in schoolsincludes IslamicStudiesasacompulsorysubjectandalmostall the teachersareMuslims.TheIslamic teachings and traditions, taught through the textbooks,directly conflictwith someofthemostfundamentalconceptsoftheKalashreligionandculture.ThishascauseddiscomfortinKalashcommunitiesassomeofthemattributethisissueasmaincauseforconversionofKalashboysandgirlstoIslam.

88. Also, inRumboorValley,the2010floodshaddestroyedtheprimaryschoolandtothisday,thechildrenarestudyinginmake-shifttentarrangementsandopenroofconditions.

1.8.6.2. HealthandSanitation

89. There isaBasicHealthUnit inBamburetandadispensary inRumboor(establishedbythe Red Crescent) with limited availability of medicines which provide free medical advicethrough paramedics. No doctor is available in these Valleys, hence, in cases of any critical


ailment (such as miscarriages) and accidents, the Kalash have to approach the nearestclinic/hospitalinChitral.AnaveragereturnjourneycostsuptoPKR3,000whichisasignificantamountforanyhouseholdtobear.

90. InRumboorValley,thecommunityraisedtheissueofunavailabilityofhouseholdtoiletsandopendefecation.Communaltoiletshavebeenprovidedbysomeproject,whichwerefoundto be satisfactory by the women at least, but there is need for household level toilets. InBamburetValley, toiletsareavailableatthehousehold level.However, thewomenvoicedtheneed for communal bathing facilities near the riverside where they wash their hair as it isagainsttheirculturetowashtheirhairandclothesintheirhouses.Forthispurpose,theygotothe riverside at least twice a week but there is no facility available to cater to their specialneeds,especiallyinthewinters.

91. ThoughKalash(in),aspertheirculturalpractices,havenotbeenpronetocleanliness(atpersonalhygieneaswellasthehouseholdlevel), it ischangingat least inBamburetValleybutthestereotypedperceptionaboutKalash’scleanlinessstillexists.However, inRumboorValley,which isperceived tobe lessexposed toexternal influencesandmodernity toa largeextent,someof the unhygienic practices andwastemismanagement are still prevalent. According tothe key informants, various hygiene campaigns have failed (at least in the Rumboor Valley)simplybecauseNGOsrunningthesecampaignsdonottakesuchculturalfactorsintoaccount.

1.8.6.3. ChangeofReligion

92. Though Kalash people report visits by the ‘Tablighi Jamaat’ to preach them forconversion to Islam, theydonot feelanypressure fromthem. Instead, theKalashcommunitycitedthreemainreasonsfortheirconversiontoIslam:educationalinfluence,lovemarriagesandeconomicfactors(forexample,theexpensesincurredduringKalashfunerals).Assuchtherewasno evident hostility perceived between the Kalash and the Sheikhs. Any familymemberwhochosetoconverthastomoveoutoftheirfamilyhomeandsetsupanewhouselowerdowninthe Valley (in the case of Bamburet). The Sheikhs can continue to join the Kalash in theirfestivals,unlessspecificallyexcludedfromcertainfestivalsandreligiousactivities.

1.8.6.4. TourismandDevelopmentInterventions

93. TheKalashintheRumboorValleydonotperceivetourisminapositivelight.Theyfeelthattheyarenotdirectlybenefitting fromanyactivityassociatedwiththetourism;rathertheSheikh community is benefitting more from it. In the Bamburet Valley, the Kalash are moreopen-mindedand,thoughtheyalsoclaimthattheSheikhsarebenefitingmore,theyagreedthattourismwasalsobenefittingthemdirectly,especially to thosewhohaveshopsandhotels.AllKalashmenandwomenstronglyfeelthattheydeservemoredirectbenefitsfromtourism.

94. TheunrulybehaviourofvisitorshasoffendedmanyresidentsinKalashvalleys;however,theyfindthemselveshelplessbeingaminority.Influxoftourists,andresultantlyofmoney,haschanged the value system; hence nostalgia about the old days is common in the oldergeneration. Thebiggestof issue isbreachofprivacy; in response towhich theKalashpeople,whowerenotkeenonwalls,haveerectedwallsandfencesaroundtheirfields.TherehavebeenreportedcasesoftouristsusinghiddenvideocamerasatthebathingplacesforKalashwomen,offending the community very strongly; andnow thepolice and the local community is quitevigilant. This breach of privacy has resulted in a localised migration of Kalash peoples fromBamburetValley,which ismoreaccessible forvisitors, toRumboorandBirirvalleyswhicharerelativelylessvisited.

95. Anotherdimension iseconomicexploitationof theKalashculture.Manyhotelownersandsomeof theshopkeepersarenot localsbut takingadvantageof tourist influx.TheKalash


people,beingdeprivedofpropereducationandpoor,couldnottakefulladvantageofeconomicopportunitiescreatedbytourism.

1.8.7. IdentificationofUltraPoorPeople/HouseholdsinKalashCommunities

96. The participants of the Focus Groups Discussions identified agricultural land,employment, livestock and cash money as major indicators for household wealth ranking inKalashcommunitiesofAyunUCinChitralDistrict.Accordingtotheseindicatorstheparticipantsdividedtheentirenumberofhouseholdsintofivecategories,asshownbelow:

Welltodo Betteroff Poor VeryPoor Destitute

Above50kanalsofland

15orabovekanalsofland

Atleast5kanalsofland

Havenoland Havenoland

Threepersonsinthehouseholdareemployed

Oneortwopersonsinthehouseholdareemployed

Nopersoninthehouseholdisemployed



50cattle 25cattle 5cattle Onecattle Nocattle

Rs.1.0millioncashmoney

Rs.0.5millioncashmoney

Rs.10,000cashmoney

Rs.1,000cashmoney

Nocashmoney

97. On the basis of this categorisation, the following is status of the household wealthranking:

98. Moreover,thevulnerabilitymanifests inmanyways inKalashcommunitiesaggravatedbyextremepoverty.Poorestof thepoor includeddailywagers,bottompoor,oldagepeople,widowsandphysicallydisabledpopulation identifiedduring theFocusGroupDiscussionswithKalashcommunities.

1.9. GenderAnalysis

99. Overall, theKalash are a patriarchal society,with strongmale dominance in financial,politicalandculturalareas.Usuallythemencontrolthehouseholdfinancesandtakethemajor

Welltodo4% Beqeroff

9%

Poor66%

VeryPoor13%

Desptute8%


familydecisionswhilewomenspendtheirpersonalincomeonpurchasingtherawmaterialsfortheirclothesandadornments.Ontheotherhand,thewomentakeupthebulkoftheeconomicactivity – primarilyworking in the fields, although somewomen run their own shops aswellselling items to the tourists – andalsoundertakedomestic activities suchas rearing children,collectingwater,cookingandwashingetc.However,themendonotperceivethewomentobebearing the major share of the work and insist that their own role is more prominent inagricultureandlivestock-relatedactivities.

100. During the time of their menstrual cycle and pregnancy, the Kalash women arequarantined in separate quarters (baashili) for a certain period of time and are not allowedaccess into the village. The men are also not permitted to enter these quarters. Almost allwomen, whowere interviewed, were strongly in favour of this practice; they perceiving thisquarantineperiodasatimeforrelaxingasthewomenspendthistimemakingadornmentsforthemselvesandarefedallmealsbytheirfamilymembers.Maynotbeinthepast,butcurrentlythequartersarecleanandspaciouslivingarrangementswherethewomenseemedsatisfiedandhappy.

101. Anotherformofvulnerabilityisofwomenandgirlswhoaresusceptibletoimpoliteandindecentbehaviouroftouristsascolourfuldressesandattireofwomenandgirlsareviewedastouristattraction.Theyare insisted forphotographwithout realising their right toprivacyandhonour.

1.10. DevelopmentActivitiesinKalashVillages

102. AnumberofNGOsarecurrentlyengagedinactivitiestoimprovewellbeingoftheKalashcommunity. The Agha Khan Rural Support Program (AKRSP) and the Sarhad Rural SupportProgram(SRSP),beingsupportedthroughPPAF,haveplayedapivotalroleinsuchdevelopmentinitiativeswhereby theseorganizationshavehelped inmobilizingand capacitybuildingof theKalashpeople. In this regard,bothhavedevelopedvillageandwomenorganizations inKalashvillages which are presided over by members of the Kalash community. In order to fosterinterreligiousandinterethniccooperationandcoordination,organizationmembersareselectedirrespectiveoftheirreligiousorethnicaffiliation.

103. In both valleys, the Kalash people welcome development interventions, especiallyrelatedtoconnectivitysuchasroads,phones/mobilesetc.,andfeelthattheschemesdevelopedsofar(aswellasthoseinthepipeline)helpthemimprovingtheirqualityoflife,andcontributetoenhancingtheireconomicandsocialstatus.Notasinglecasewasreportedwhereanytypeofdevelopment interventionhad anynegative impact on theKalash cultureor traditions. Theseinterventionsarenotconsideredadverselyaffecting their customs, language, religionordresscode.


2. POTENTIALINTERACTIONSOFPPAF-IIIPROJECT

104. PPAF’s interventions directly or indirectly impact indigenous communities and theirknowledge systems, practices and values. These impacts can be positive or negative. Thepositive impacts arise directly from the inputs of a subproject. Since the subprojects arenormallysmall-scaleandcommunitybased,negativeimpactsareexpectedtobeminimal.Thesemayincludedivisivenessamongtheindigenouscommunitymembersresultingfrominequitabledistributionsofbenefits.ItisthereforeimportantthatallcommunityactivitiesundertheprojectincorporateprocessesandprocedureforIPparticipationandconsultation,andensurethatthesubprojects are community driven.Other negative impacts can be disturbances to cultural orreligious places of the community and local grazing or hunting grounds. The indigenousknowledgesystems,practicesandvaluesoftheIPcommunitymustbesafeguardedduringtheproject and effortsmust be taken to ensure that subproject activities are not in conflictwithtraditional,socialandreligiousvalues.

2.1. CriticalIssues

105. It is evident from the interaction and consultationswith theKalash communities thatthey have collective relationship with their lands, territories and natural resources. Thisrelationshipisintergenerationalandcriticaltotheidentity,economicsustainabilityandsurvivalof these Indigenous Peoples as distinct cultural communities. Without access to their lands,territories and resources, the physical and cultural survival of Indigenous Peoples can bethreatened. In that regards, at least two particular risks relevant for the type of subprojectssupportedbyPPAFare:

• Indigenous Peoples’ rights are recognized in international agreements and forWorldBank-supported projects by the Bank’s own policy. The planning and implementationprocessofthePPAF-IIIsubprojects,ledbyPOs,hastoidentifyandrecognizetheserightstoensurethatactivitiesdonotadverselyaffectsuchrights;

• Loss of culture and social cohesion – Given Indigenous Peoples’ distinct cultures andidentities and their frequent marginalization from the surrounding mainstreamcommunities,PPAFinterventionsmayhavetheriskofimposingchangestoordisruptionof their culture and social organization, whether inadvertently or not. While theseindigenouscommunitiesmaywelcomeandseekchange, theycanbevulnerablewhensuchchangeisimposedfromexternalandwhensuchchangeisrushed.Moreover,sincemany indigenous communities’ culture and social organization are intertwined withtheir landandnaturalresourceusepractices,changestothesepracticesmayresult inunintendedandunexpectedchangesincultureandsocialorganizationwhichmayleadto social disruption and conflicts within and between communities and otherstakeholders. This is relevant for all types of subprojects, but particularly for sub-projectsthataimtochangelivelihoodandnaturalresourceusepracticesandaccessandthosethatcreatenewinstitutionalstructuresatthelocallevel.

2.2. PositivePotentialImpactsofPPAF-IIIProjectComponents

SectorofIntervention PotentialPositiveImpacts

Socialmobilizationandinstitutionbuilding

• IPswillgetanopportunitytoparticipateindecisionmakingprocessandintegratewithlargercommunity

• IPswillhaveasocialplatformtovoicetheirissues• IPswillbenefitfromvarioustrainingsandawarenesssessions


SectorofIntervention PotentialPositiveImpacts

WaterResourcesDevelopment

• IPswillhavebetteraccesstowaterresourcesfordrinking,generaluseandagriculture

TechnologicalInnovation

• IPswillbebenefitfromalternatemeansofenergygenerationsuchasolar,biogasandhydroelectricpower

Access/Circulation • IPswillbenefitfrombetteraccesstomarkets,healthandeducationfacilities

WastewaterManagement

• IPswillbenefitfromtheconstructionoflatrines,septictanksanddrains,resultinginbettersanitationpracticesandimprovedhealthofthecommunity

SocialSectorDevelopment

• IPswillbenefitfromprovisionofhealthandeducationfacilities

LivelihoodAssetTransfersandTrainings

• MembersoftheIPcommunitywillbenefitfromalternatemeansoflivelihoodandvocationaltrainings

Microfinance • MembersoftheIPcommunitywillbenefitfrommicrocreditloanstoimproveenterpriseandlivelihoods

2.3. PotentialNegativeImpacts

106. Following are potential adverse impacts of PPAF-III subprojects on IPs along withpossiblemeasurestoavoidorminimisethesame:

SectorofIntervention PotentialAdverseImpacts MeasurestoAvoidorMinimizeAdverseImpacts

Socialmobilizationandinstitutionbuilding

• IPsmaynotbeincludedincommunityorganizations,ormaybeinadequatelyrepresentedincommunityorganizations.

• SubprojectsimplementedbythecommunityorganizationsmayruncountertoIPtraditionalpracticesandcustomarylaws

• TrainingsandawarenesssessionsimpartedbyPOsmayruncountertoIPtraditionalpracticesandcustomarylaws

• ThesubprojectmayruncountertoIPtraditionalpractices,religionandcustomarylaws

• Allsegmentsofthecommunitiesshallbeinvolvedinthesocialmobilisationprocess.

• Womensocialorganisationshallbegivenprioritytocoverthegendergap.

• CulturalnormsandvaluesystemofIPsshouldbestudiedthoroughlybeforeplanninganyinterventions.

• Theinterventionsshouldbewithoutanybiasofreligion,raceortribalaffinity.




• SubprojectmaynotbeappropriatelydesignedfortheIPcommunity

• TheremaybelowparticipationbytheIPcommunity

• Inequitabledistributionofbenefits,e.g.accessmayberestrictedfortheIPcommunity,especiallywomen

• ThesubprojectmayutilizeanddenyaccesstoresourcestraditionallyutilizedbytheIPcommunity



• Thetraditionalwaterrightsshouldbestudiedandhonouredtotheextentpossible.

• Allrightholdersshouldparticipateintheplanningandimplementationoftheinterventions.

• Wateruseneedsofallcommunitymembers,especiallywomenandchildren,shouldbecatered.





• ThesubprojectmayutilizeanddenyaccesstoresourcestraditionallyutilizedbytheIPcommunity(e.g.inthecaseofmicrohydels)



• Theinterventionsshouldnotruncountertothetraditionalpatternsoflife.

• Allcommunitymembers,especiallywomenandchildren,shouldparticipateintheplanningoftheinterventions.

• Theresourceownershipandtraditionalusepatternsshouldbedeterminedbeforehandandshouldnotbeaffectedtotheextentpossible.

Access/Circulation • SubprojectmaynotbeappropriatelydesignedfortheIPcommunity



• ThesubprojectmaydenyaccesstoresourcestraditionallyutilizedbytheIPcommunity







WastewaterManagement












• SyllabiofeducationalfacilitiesmayincludematerialthatrunscountertoIPtraditionalpractices,religionandcustomarylaws





• Theeducationalinterventionsshouldnotbedogmaticpromotingaspecificreligion,faithorbeliefandshouldnotcreatereligiousdisharmony.

• Thehealthrelatedinterventionsshouldensureaccessbyallcommunitymembers,especiallywomenandchildren.

LivelihoodAssetTransfersandTrainings

• NewerlivelihoodsandtrainingsmayresultintheIPcommunitytomoveawayfromitstraditionalmeansoflivelihoode.g.handicrafts

• IPsmightbeexcludedfromtheselectionprocesstoreceiveassettransfersandtrainings

• Assettransferssuchaslivestockmayresultinthelossoftraditionalpasturelandstothemajoritycommunity


• CulturalnormsandvaluesystemofIPsshouldbestudiedthoroughlybeforeplanninganyassettransfersortrainings.



• Thetrainingsshouldbeaccessibleforallcommunitymembers,especiallywomenandchildren,andshouldnotpromoteanyspecificreligion,faithorbelief.



Microfinance • LoanrulesandregulationsmayruncountertoIPtraditionalpractices,religionandcustomarylaws

• IPloanapplicationsmayberejectedduetodiscrimination

• CulturalnormsandvaluesystemofIPsshouldbestudiedthoroughlybeforeplanningmicrofinanceinterventions.

• Themicrofinanceshouldbeaccessibleforallcommunitymembers,especiallywomenandchildren.

• Theloanapplicationsshouldbeprocessedonmerit.

2.4. AnalysisofPPAF-IIIInterventions/Sub-ProjectsRisks

107. AKRSP, as PPAF partner organization, has implemented only eight interventions inRumboor Valley under PPAF-III. No negative impacts or any other associated issues werepointed out by the community during consultations. The access to and benefit from theseschemeswasreportedtobeequitable.ThecommunitiesdemandedforsimilarinterventionsinotherpartsoftheKalashcommunities.

2.5. BarrierstoParticipationofIPs

108. Thecommunitywasfullyawareoftheinterventionsanddidnotreportanybarrierinitsparticipationinplanningand/orimplementationoftheschemes.Thefutureassessmentshouldalsobeplannedandundertakeninawaythatallstakeholders,especiallywomen,marginalisedand children, are consulted in a free environment, and are informed of the consultative andassessmentprocesswellinadvance.


3. STAKEHOLDERCONSULTATIONS

109. InordertodevelopthisIPPF,sevenfocusgrupdiscussions,10keyinformantinterviewsand number of informal consultations were held with the Kalash communities and otherstakeholders in Bamburet, Rumboor andBirir valleys.Details of consultations conductedwithstakeholders are given in Annex V while the male and female focus group discussions withKalashcommunitiesaresummarisedbelow.

3.1. FocusGroupConsultations

3.1.1. FGDwithmeninBamburetValley

110. Fourteen community members were present in FGD at Bamburet Village with agerangingfrom25to50years.TheyrepresentedBatrick(14Households),Karakal(70HH),Borun(75HH),Anish(70HH)andDarazgoro(15HH)villages.Thenumberoffamilymembersineachofthehouseholdwas16,13,14,10,09,09,08,06,08,and12.

111. Education level was good among the respondents: 1 graduate, 2 SSC and 4 hadcompletedeightyearsofschooling.

112. Respondents had enough general knowledge, e.g., who is the CM of KhyberPakhtunkhwa, what is the role of NGOs in Development sector, link between education andemployment, livelihoodopportunities and their customand traditions. The respondentswerevery keen to avail education, health and new livelihood opportunities, and interaction withtourismandNGOssector.However,majorityof respondentsmentioned that localNGOshavenotpriorconsultedwiththecommunityonprojectsandsub-projectsandnoneedassessmentiscarriedout.

3.1.2. FGDwithwomeninBamburetValley

113. Ninefemalemembersparticipatedinthediscussionvaryingbetween20to35yearsofage. Some respondents had formal education, i.e. SSC,middle and even one participant hadgraduationdegree.Theresponsibilitiesoffemalegroupwereinagricultureactivities,andsmallhousechoresincludingfetchingwater,cooking,fuelwoodcollectionandothers.

114. All of the focus group members had good information about education and healthissuesofthearea,theirculture,religionandcustoms,anddevelopmentactivitiesincludingVOandLSOs.

3.1.3. FGDwithmeninRumboorValley

115. The first FocusGroupDiscussion (FGD)was conductedwith 12 residents of RumboorValley who ranged between 20-30 years of age, representing all tribal formations of Kalashcommunity,i.e.Baghaliaye,Dharmasay,Wokakaye,Jarway,Shashakaye,BhalwayandZhoway.

116. Bhalway tribe has majority in Rumboor Valley, it has 65 households. The familymembersofeachrespondentwere16,21,30,12,16,19,40,7,12,6,and5,respectively.TwooftheparticipantshadBachelor’sdegreefromthePeshawarUniversity,4peoplehadSecondarySchoolCertificate(SSC)whilerestwereuneducated.

117. TherewasoneGovernmentPrimarySchoolinRumboorValleyandonedispensarywithlimitedmedicines and first aid services. Sectionof roadwasdamageddue to floods and rockfallingforRumboorValley.


118. The respondents had detailed information regarding their customs, uniqueness andother cultural iconicity. Theyhad information regarding surrounding communities; interactionwasverycommonamongothergroupsincludingMuslimsofthearea.

119. The respondents also had information about the donors, investments and projectimplementation in Kalash Valley but they had reservation that local NGOs attracts a lot ofdonorstotheKalashareasbuttheactualinvestmentistoolowascomparedtodonorinterests.

3.1.4. FGDwithwomenininRumboor

120. Two female Group discussions were organized at Rumboor for eight members. Thegroupwas representedbetween20 to35yearsofage.Amongthemembers,one femalehadgraduate level academics while 5 female members had SSC, 2 to 3 members were undermatriculation.ThefemaleshadenoughinformationregardingNGOs’workintheareaandwerealsokeenfordevelopmentactivitiesinfuture.Thegrouprespondedthattheyusually involvedthemselvesinagriculture,cattlerearingandcropsproductionactivitiesinKalashcommunity.

3.1.5. FGDwithwomeninBirir

121. Mostofthewomenareuneducatedanddothehouseholdchoresaswellasworkinthefields.Major livelihoodformen inBirir iscultivationandrearing livestock.Mostofthepeopleareverypoor,andmanytimesdonothaveenoughfood.

122. Thecommunity,irrespectiveoftheirethnicityorreligion,livesverypeacefullyandhelpeachother in the timeof need. In caseof food shortfall, bothMuslims andKalashhelp eachother, especially the neighbours. If there are disputes, they resolve at communal level and ifthereareseriousconflicts,theytaketheircasestothelocalcourtsoflaw.

123. There are some groups from the Muslim community who try to preach the KalashcommunityforconversiontoIslambutnoonepressurisesthemforforcedconversion.

124. Thefirstandforemostproblemforwomenispoorhealthandnon-availabilityofhealthservices in Birir. There is one Basic Health Unit (BHU) in Birir which is quite far away as thevillagesaresituatedintheroughandfaroffterrain.ThereisnodoctorattheBHU,thereforeinthetimeofemergenciestheyhavetotaketheirpatientstoAyunorChitral,whichincurslotsofmoney,whichpoorpeoplecannotafford.Thepatientshavingseriousproblemseitherexpireonthewayordevelopcomplicationsduetonon-availabilityoftimelyhealthservicesandabsenceofdoctorat theBHU.OnlyadispenserorLHV isoccasionallyavailableat theBHUbutnotonregularbasis.Theyalsocannotdiagnoseproperlyandwrongmedicationaddstothemiseriesofthepeople.Tuberculosis(TB),respiratoryinfections,diarrhoeaandskininfections,especiallyinchildren, are the common diseases. The pregnant women and new-borns are at high risk ofdeathandothercomplicationsbecauseofthenon-availabilityofdoctors.Asaculturalpractice,thewomenaresecludedatBahshalini,andincaseofcomplicationsnomedicalhelpisavailable.

125. Childrengotoschoolwithoutanygenderdiscrimination.Thereare5-6primaryschoolsintheBirirvalley;halfoftheschoolsaregovernmentrunwhereteachersareMuslims.RestareKalashprivateschoolshavingKalashteachers,butthefeeisunaffordableformostoftheKalashpeople. Hencemost of the children go to government primary schoolswhere teachers teachthemIslamiatasoneofthesubjects.ThereisahighschoolandtwomiddleschoolsinBirirbutthe long distances discourage children from continuing their education after completion ofprimary classes. However, some parents send their girls and boys to the distant schools ingroups.


126. Water is the most scare resource, hence the community needs water channel forincreasing cultivable land to diversify the livelihoods, and increase income generation andensurefoodsecurity.Flashfloodsareregularfeatureofarea,whichoftenwashawaytheirfieldsand homes causing heavy economic losses and sometimes of life. Therefore, the communityneedsaprotectionbundforthevillage.

3.1.6. FGDwithmeninBirir

127. Themain issueoftheBirirarea ispovertydueto lackofaccessandunsaferoute.ThetrackfurtherdegradesduringrainsandflashfloodsinterdictinglocalpopulationtoAyunValleyand Chitral. Floods have eroded large pieces of agricultural land so protective measures areneeded.Another issue isopendefecation inupstreamsofBiriras there isno toilet facility inKalashareas.

128. Forest cover has also reduced as compared to 15 years ago as Kalash communitydepends on forest for construction, fuel wood and other activities. Local community hasdeveloped consensus over conservation of forest, however some people are still involved incuttingoftreesfortheirownusesandcommercialsale.

129. Educationinstitutionsareavailable,thoughonfardistances.Kalashpeoplearekeenforeducationwithoutanygenderdiscrimination.

3.2. RecommendationsfromStakeholders

KeyIssues Recommendations

Protectionoftraditionalgraveyard Properfencingandprotectionisneededtothisplaceassurroundingcommunitieshavedisturbedthepracticebystealingdeadbodies’belongings.

LackofacademicinstitutionsandcompulsoryIslamicsyllabusintextbooksatprimary,middleandsecondaryeducationsystem.

Eitherseparateeducationalinstitutionsorexclusionofallmaterialwhichhasconversionmessagesfromtheprimary,middleandsecondarylevelbooksforKalashschoolgoingchildren.AtleastonehighschoolshouldbeavailableforonlyKalashstudentswhereKalashculture/religionmaybetaughtinsteadofIslamicsyllabus.

LackofhealthfacilitiesintheKalashvalleys

Establishmentofproperdispensariesequippedwithhealthstaffandmedicines.

ConversiontoIslamduetoeconomicvulnerabilityandlimitedincomegenerationopportunities

GovernmentshouldallocatequotaandreservedseatsforKalashpeopletoincreaselivelihoodopportunitiesinpublicandprivatesector.

Rehabilitationofflood-damagedinfrastructureincludingprotectivebunds,roadandaccesstracks

Theemergencypreparednessplan(forKalash)shouldbedevelopedonpublicorprivateleveltoestimatethedamagesandlossesof2010floodsasithasdamagedtheinfrastructureincludingroadsandprotectivebundstoagriculturelands.

Opendefecationaroundwaterbodies

NGOsshouldfocusmoreandmorefundsbyestablishinganetworkandlaunchingacombinedprojectonhealth&hygieneinvolvingKalashmenandwomenratherthanexternalstaff.

LackofeconomicopportunitiesforKalashintowns/citiesofKP

Grassrootslevelinterventions,e.g.,LEPorassettransfersforKalashpeopletostreamlinetheeconomicdevelopmentofthisspecificcommunity.



DemarcationofKalashpasturesboundaries

PryingofexternalanddominantgroupscanbebarredbydemarcatingKalashareasforlivestockrearingandforestreserves.

Degradationofforestthroughillegalfuelwoodextractionandkillingofwildlife

Communitybasedconservationactivities(suchastrophyhunting)shouldbeintroducedtocreatemoreandmorelivelihoodopportunitiesbydevelopingwatchandwardsystemforwildfaunaandflora,andprovisionofnewopportunitiesforcommunities.

Culturaldiversityatrisk Project/incentivesforpreservationofcultureandheritageshouldbeintroducedthroughprivatesectororINGOs.

Lackofinformationondevelopmentsectorsamongcommunitymembers

Priorconsultationandaccentshouldbeacclaimedamongallmembersofcommunitybeforeanyintervention.


4. PROCEDUREFORSCREENINGANDINDIGENOUSPEOPLESPARTICIPATION

130. InlinewiththeprinciplesandobjectiveslaidoutforPPAF’sIndigenousPeoplesPlanningFramework in Sections1.3-1.4, the followingprocedures and institutionalmechanismswill beputinplacetoimplementtheIPPF.

4.1. ScreeningforIndigenousPeoples

131. Oncetheproposalsfornewsub-projectshavebeenreceivedinresponsetotheCallforProposalsbyPPAF,thesamewouldbescreenedbythecorrespondingIPPFOperationalUnitforidentificationof IndigenousPeoples inthegeographicalareaof theproposedsub-project.ThecriteriaelaboratedatSection1.7willbeusedtodeterminepresenceoftheIndigenousPeoplesintheproposedsub-projectsgeographicalareas.TheComplianceandQualityAssurance(CQA)GroupwillberesponsibletoassistOperationalUnitsforeffectiveapplicationofthecriteriaandscreening.PPAFwillalsoseekthetechnicaljudgementoftheWorldBanksocialspecialisthavingexpertiseon the socialandcultural groups.TheBank specialistwill follow thePPAF’s IPPF foridentificationof IndigenousPeoplesduringscreening,which isconsistentwiththeWorldBankPolicyonIndigenousPeople4.10.

132. Onceany IndigenousPeopleshavebeen identified inanyof theproposedsub-projectareaofPPAF-IIIproject,theWorldBankOP14.10willtriggerandIPPFwillbeapplied,andallofitsrequirementswillbestrictlycompliedwithbyPPAFESMUandallOperationalUnitsaswellasits PartnerOrganizations. ESMUwill identify IPs groups, their population (number and ratio),andtheircharacteristicsascomparedtothemainpopulationinthesub-projectinfluencezonethroughprimaryandsecondarydata/informationcollection.MeetingswithbeheldwithPO(s)and localadministration toassesspopulationsizeof IPs, thesub-groupswithin them,and thelikely impact of the sub-project on each sub-group. The characteristics of Indigenous PeoplesmentionedinOP4.10willbeusedasabasisforidentificationofIPs.CurrentlyonlytheKalashcommunitiesqualifyas IPs in thePPAFsub-projectareas.Screeningwillalsobecarriedout toidentifyvulnerablepeople,basedondiscussionswithIPscommunitiesinsub-projectareas.

133. TheESMUinclosecollaborationwithconcernedOperationalUnitandrelevantPartnerOrganization will undertake the social analysis to understand the context of affected IPscommunities; conduct free,priorand informedconsultations to identify theirviews, toobtainbroadersupport for thesub-project;andtodevelopsub-projectspecificmeasurestoenhanceculturallyappropriatebenefitsandavoidor/andmitigateadverseimpactsasstipulatedinIPPF.

4.1.1. Sub-ProjectScreening

134. Initial screeningofsub-project impactswillbeconductedrightafter identificationofasub-projecttodeterminetheimpactcategoryasunder:

• CategoryA:subprojectsexpectedtohavesignificantimpactsthatrequireassessmenttofindalternatives;

• CategoryB:subprojectsexpectedtohavelimitedimpactsthatrequirespecificactionforIPstomitigatethoseimpacts;and

• Category C: subprojects not expected to have impacts on IPs and therefore do notrequirespecialprovisionforIPs.

135. Ideally none of the IP should negatively affect from any of the sub-projects/interventions,butincaseofadverseimpactsofaproposedsub-project,anIndigenous


PeoplesPlanwillbedevelopedtoadequatelyassessandmitigateadverse impactson IPs.TheCategoryAsub-projectswhichcancauselongtermorirreversibleimpactsontheenvironmentof IPsand/orcausesignificantadversesocial impacts,willnotbe financedunderPPAF-III.TheimpactsonIPswillbeconsideredsignificantifthesub-projectpositivelyornegatively:

i. Affectcustomaryrightsofuseandaccesstolandandnaturalresources;ii. Changesocio-economicstatus;iii. Affectculturalandcommunalintegrity;iv. Affecthealth,education,livelihoodandsocialsecuritystatus;v. Alterorunderminetherecognitionofindigenousknowledge;vi. Contributestoconflicts;vii. Resultsinlossofland/assets/infrastructure;viii. Resultsinlossoflivelihood;and/orix. Resultsinlossofaccesstosourcesofincome.

136. Thepossiblesub-projectsorinterventionsintheIPsarea,havingminortomoderateandtohighadverse impacts,areprovided inAnnexVI. Insub-projectswithnoadverse impacts, inadditiontoconsultationswithIPsintheplanningandimplementationphasesofsub-projectstokeep IPs communities informed about sub-project activities, the sub-project will also have amechanismtoensurethattheybenefitfromandareapartofthedesignandimplementationofthesub-project.

4.2. AnalysisofInterventionsRisks

137. Each of the planned interventions will be analysed for identifying potential (bothpositiveandnegative)direct,indirect,cumulativeandinducedenvironmentalandsocialimpactsonIPsandriskstophysical,biological,socioeconomic,andphysicalculturalresources.Itwillalsoinvolve determining significance and scope of the risks so that potentially adverseenvironmentalimpactsandrisksareidentifiedandavoided,andifavoidanceisnotpossible,theadverseimpactsandrisksareminimized.Theprimaryandsecondarydatawillbeusedtoassessthe severity of these impacts against baseline data using alternate scenarios and potentialpositiveandnegativeoutcomes.

4.3. SocialAssessment

138. TherevisedESMFwillnowbe implementedwithanadditional layerof IPPFprinciplesandbasedonthefindingsofsub-projectsscreening.PartnerOrganizations,incloseliaisonwiththePPAFESMUwillconductanenvironmentalassessmentandasocialassessmentbeforetheinitiatingsocialmobilizationprocessinareaswhereIPcommunityarepresent.Screeningoftheproposed sub-project according to the standards proposed in ESMF to determine what ESMprotocolwillhavetobeapplied for theenvironmentalassessment.Theseassessmentswillbeproportionate to the nature and scale of potential effects of the subproject on IndigenousPeoples. The PPAF will engage a social specialist, having qualification, experience and TORacceptable to the Bank, for the social assessment. Methods for data collection will observeculturallyappropriatenorms.Thesocialassessmentwillincludefollowing:

i. ReviewofthelegalandinstitutionalframeworkapplicabletoIndigenousPeoplewithinthescopeoftheproposedintervention.

ii. Collection of baseline information on demographic, social, cultural, political andecologicalcharacteristicsofIPcommunities,landandterritoriestheyhavetraditionallyowned or customarily used or occupied, and the natural resources upon which theydepend.


iii. Identificationof key stakeholders, particularlywomenandmarginalisedpeoplewithintheIndigenousPeoplescommunities.

iv. AdoptionofaculturallyappropriateprocessforconsultingwithIPsateachstageoftheprojectpreparationandimplementation.

v. Anassessmentofpotentialdirectandindirect,shortandlongtermadverseandpositiveeffects of the sub-project through free, prior and informed consultationwith the IPs’communities.Itwouldalsoincludeananalysisoftherelativevulnerabilityof,andrisksto,theaffectedIndigenousPeoples’communitiesgiventheirdistinctcircumstancesandclosetiestolandandnaturalresources,aswellastheirlackofaccesstoopportunitiesrelativetoothersocialgroupsinthecommunities,regions,ornationalsocietiesinwhichtheylive.

vi. Development of mitigation measures, identified through free, prior, and informedconsultationwiththeaffected IPcommunities, toavoidpotentialadverseeffects,or ifsuchmeasuresarenotfeasible,theidentificationofmeasurestominimize,mitigate,orcompensate for such effects, and to ensure that the Indigenous Peoples receiveculturallyappropriatebenefitsundertheproject.

139. A list of components wise key anticipated positive and negative impacts of PPAFinterventionsonIPsareprovidedintheSections2.2and2.3,respectively.Theseimpactsincludetemporaryandpermanent,directandindirect,shortandlongtermimpacts.Theseimpactswillmore thoroughly be investigated during the environment assessment and social assessmentbeingundertakenintheIPareas.

4.4. InvoluntaryResettlement

140. Although there is no possibility, but in case of land acquisition and/or localized andminorresettlementimpacts,duereferencewillbemadetotheresettlementplanincludingtherequirementofbroadcommunitysupportaspartof the free,priorand informedconsultationprocess.Aninventorysurveywillbeconductedtorecordthenatureandextentoflossesofeachaffectedpersonand/oridentificationofimpactoccurcollectivelyontheIPs.

4.5. StrategyforSocialInclusionandGenderParticipation

141. A strategy has been developed to ensure inclusion and participation of vulnerableIPs/groupsandwomeninsub-projectscycle:

• Conduct social and gender analysis to identify vulnerable sub-groups among the IPs,especially those at risk of exclusion, identify gender based differences in access toresources topredicthowdifferentmembersofhouseholdsandvulnerablegroupswillparticipateinandbeaffected/benefittedbysub-projects/interventions.

• Developproceduresinthesub-projectstopromotetheirparticipation;• Determine participatory techniques that can help facilitate their involvement (where

existing systems of social organization are highly inequitable, new community groupswillbecreatedtoenableexcludedgroupstoparticipate);

• EnsurethatPOsworkingwithcommunitieshaveexpertiseinworkingwiththesegroupsandusingparticipatorytechniques;

• Investigatehow local institutionscanbemademoreresponsiveand inclusiveof thesegroups;

• Includespecificindicatorsrelatedtothesegroupsinmonitoringandevaluationsystems,andinvolveallstakeholdersinmonitoringandevaluation.


4.5.1. ConsultationandMobilization

142. Sub-projects will be designed to ensure that the vulnerable and marginalizedcommunitysub-groupshaveavoiceindecisionmaking,planning,designingandmanagementofsub-projects. Adequate gender inclusive consultations will be conducted with these groupsduring designing and implementation of sub-projects to enhance the positive benefits of thesub-projects,therewillbeadequateconsultationandparticipationofindigenouspeopleduringthe project design and implementation to ensure that the project adequately deals with theneeds,prioritiesandpreferencesoftheIndigenousPeoplesparticularlymarginalizedgroupsofIPsincludingwomen,disabled,verypoor,womenheadedhouseholdsetc.Communitieswillbemobilizedtomanageandsustainthesub-projectsinfrastructureandservicessoastoencourageownershipoftheseinvestments.Accesstoinformationwillbeensuredtoenableallcommunitymembersnotonlytoknowtheirrights,demandforservicesandhold leadersaccountablebutalsofulfiltheirdutiesandresponsibilitiesassub-projectsstakeholders.POsfieldstaffwillmakeconcertedeffortsforsocialmobilizationandeffectiveparticipationofvulnerablegroupsto:

• Identifyandprioritizecommunitydevelopmentneedsandopportunitiesforintegrationindesignofsub-projects;

• Identifypotentialpositiveornegativeimpactsofsub-projectsandhelptomitigate;• Ensure IPs and male and female of vulnerable groups involvement in sub-projects

design,implementation,andmonitoring;and• Monitor sub-projects impacts and ensure that the project meets community

expectations.

4.5.2. Sub-ProjectIdentificationandDevelopment

143. Duringthesub-projectsidentificationanddevelopmentactivities,ESMUwillensurethatthe POswillmake all possible efforts to engage IPs, particularly vulnerable andmarginalizedgroupsincludingwomen,byundertakingfollowingactivities:

i. IPcommunities’ leaderortheirrepresentativeswillbeelectedtotakeresponsibilitytoidentifyandprioritizesub-projectandinvolveinthepreparationofproposal.

ii. The checklists having sub-project benefits, and adverse impacts on IPs and potentialriskstoIPcommunities,willbeusedforselectingcommunityinterventions/sub-projectsproposebyPOs.

iii. IP community groups/leaders and representatives will be regularly consulted to taketheiropinions,insights,andrecommendationsthatwillinformthedevelopmentofsub-projectproposalsanddesignofsub-projects.

iv. The process of designing sub-projects is undertaken in a form and manner that issensitive toandreflects IPscultural identities,and is in linewith theprovisionsof theIPPF. Likewise, consultationswould be undertaken specificallywith IP communities ateachstageofthesub-projectdesigninganddevelopmentprocess,andpriortodecisionsaremadeonsub-projectproposals,includingbutnotlimitedto(a)siteforsub-projectswithin IPs areas; (b) use ofmaterials and resources; and (c) inclusion/exclusion of IPshouseholdsasbeneficiaries,andotherconcernsaffectingIPs.

v. Baselinedataonindigenousgroupsareincludedaspartofthesocio-economicprofileofIPscommunities,asrequireforasubprojectproposals.

4.5.3. Prioritization

144. Inundertakingsubprojectprioritizationactivities,POswillensurethefollowing:


i. IP leaders and/or their selected representatives determined through customary lawswillbeincludedasmembersoftheforumwhichwillprioritizeproposedcommunitysub-projectsforfunding.InhomogenousorpredominantlyIPs,anIPmemberwillbeelectedto represent the sub-clan/cast. In areas where an IP community straddlesmany, butwhere the individual tribes/castsare composedofmixed IPsandnon-IPspopulations,the teamwill ensure that an IPs leaders selected by them represent the IPs tribe orcommunityinthecommunitygroup.ThiswillbeinadditiontothevolunteersselectedbythePOduringtheidentification.

ii. Leaders and representatives of IPswill be adequately represented in development ofprioritizationcriteria.

iii. CriteriaonbenefitstoIPswillbeincludedinrankingofasubprojecttobeimplementedinanIPsarea.

4.5.4. GenderActionPlans(GAPs)

145. GenderActionPlansshallbedevelopedforgendermainstreaming,asapartofeachIPP,toensureengagementofsociallyexcluded,vulnerable/marginalisedgroupsincludingwomenofKalash communities in key sub-project activities. In case of under-representation or whereneeded,separatemeetingswithmarginalizedhouseholds,includingwomen,shallbeorganizedto discuss subproject proposals prior to the approval of sub-project approval for funding. Amechanism will be laid down in each IPP to ensure gender mainstreaming in sub-projectsimplementation.

4.6. ConsultationswithStakeholders,andFree,PriorandInformedConsultationswithIPs

146. A stakeholder analysis will be conducted to identify sub-projects’ stakeholdersparticularlythepositivelyornegativelyaffectedIPsbythesub-project/intervention.Free,priorandinformedconsultationswithpotentialaffectedpersonsandbeneficiarieswillbecarriedoutincluding needy communities, potential affectees and other stakeholders. Stakeholderconsultations will be carried out through gender specific community meetings, focus groupdiscussions, interviews of key informants and corner meetings to record their views andrecommendations for the sub-projectpreparation. Inmost cases, thisprocess isbestdoneaspartofthesocialassessmentalthoughconsultationsarelikelytocontinueafteritscompletion.Free, prior, informed, culturally appropriate, gender and intergenerational inclusiveconsultationswilltakeplacewiththeIPscommunitiesatallstagesofthesub-projectsfromtheplanningtoimplementation.Thefree,priorandinformedconsultationsareexplainedasunder:

Free Prior Informed Consent

Nomanipulation

NoneofthefollowingshouldbeundertakenbeforeconsentofIPshasbeenobtained:• Authorizationor

commencementofactivitieslandacquisition

• Finalizationofdevelopmentplans.

• Specifictimerequirementsoftheconsultation/consensusprocessshouldbeset.

Informationtobeprovidedshouldbeaccurate.

Theconsentmaybeoralorwritten,butwillalwaysinvolveconsultationandparticipation.


Free Prior Informed Consent

Nointimidation

Beinanappropriatelanguage.

Theprocessshouldbeparticipatory.

Noincentives Includeinformation,whenavailable,onsocial,economic,environmentalandculturalimpactsandreasonsforproposedactivities,duration,affectedlocality,proposedbenefitssharingandlegalarrangementsandpeoplelikelytobeinvolved.

Decision-makingshouldnotexcludeormarginalizeindividualsduetogender,ethnicityorotherfactors.

Nocoercion Beinaformthatisunderstandableandthattakesintoaccounttraditionsofthecommunity

147. Thesocialassessmentwillensurethatallpotentialpositiveandadverseeffectsof thesub-projects on the IPs are fully understood and accounted for in the project design by POs,keeping inviewIPPFguidelinestoavoidanyadverseeffects,or ifnotpossible,thenminimize,mitigate or compensate for such effects, as well as ensure that the IPs community receivesculturallyappropriatebenefitsofthesub-project.Specificconsultationswillbecarriedoutwiththenegatively IPs to identify theirneedsandpreferences forcompensationandrehabilitationmeasures.Inthisregardtheaffectedpersonswillbethoroughlyinformedontheresultsofthecensusandimpactassessmentandtheirpreferencesforcompensationandotherresettlementassistancewillbegivendueconsideration.Thiswillinclude,asappropriate:

• Informaffectedindigenouscommunitiesaboutsub-projectobjectivesandactivities;• Discussandassesspossibleadverseimpactsandwaystoavoidormitigatethem;• Discussandassesspotentialprojectbenefitsandhowthesecanbeenhanced;• Discuss and assess land and natural resource use and how management of these

resourcesmaybeenhanced;• Identify customary rights to land and natural resource use and possible ways of

enhancingthese;• Identifyanddiscuss (potential) conflictswithothercommunitiesandhowthesemight

beavoided;• Elicitandincorporateindigenousknowledgeintoprojectdesign;• Facilitateandascertaintheaffectedcommunities’broadsupporttotheproject;and• Develop a strategy for indigenous participation and consultation during project

implementation,includingmonitoringandevaluation.

148. Theinterests,needsandprioritiesofvulnerablesegmentsofIPscommunities,especiallywomen,younggirlsandboys,andoldpeoplemayvaryandtheymaybeaffecteddifferently.Itisimportanttohavein-depthconsultationswithsuchvulnerablegroupstoassesstheirneedsandpriorities and nature of their interests in the sub-project. The consultationswould be genderand intergenerational inclusive, and consultation process will ensure their participation indecision making at all stages of sub-project. The social mobilization process will focus oninclusionofwomen,youth,verypoor,ethnicminoritiesandothervulnerablegroupsinallstagesofasub-project.Ifsuchparticipationwouldnotproveeffective,otherparticipatorytechniques


willbeusedforconsultationandparticipationsuchashouseholdleveldiscussions,structuredorunstructuredinterviews,focusgroupdiscussionsetc.

149. Theprocessesandmechanismsensuringtheactiveinvolvementofaffectedpersonsandother stakeholders will be detailed in the IPPs, which will include an Appendix with a list ofparticipants, location, date andminutes of consultationmeetings. The on-going consultationsacrosssub-projectstageswillbedocumentedandreportedintheQuarterlyProgressReports.

150. Aframeworkforconductingsuchconsultationsisgivenbelow:

ConsultationStage ConsultationParticipants ConsultationMethod ExpectedOutcome

Socialmobilization PartnerOrganization,IPcommunity,membersofcommunityorganizations,otherorganizationsworkingforIPs

Openmeetingsanddiscussions,visitofIPsettlementsandsurroundings

FirsthandassessmentofstateofIPcommunity.InclusionofIPcommunityincommunityorganizations

PreparationofVillageDevelopmentPlans

PartnerOrganization,IPcommunity,membersofcommunityorganizations,otherorganizationsworkingforIPs

Openmeetingsanddiscussions,focusgroupdiscussions,PRAexercises,visitofIPsettlementsandsurroundingsetc.

NeedsassessmentofIPcommunity.IdentificationofschemesinVDPthatwillequallybenefitIPcommunities

Screeningoftheproposedsub-projects


Openmeetingsanddiscussions,focusgroupdiscussions,visitofproposedsub-projectsites,IPsettlementsetc.

Identificationofmajorimpacts,issuesandfeedbackfromIPcommunity

Implementationofsub-projects


Meetingswithimplementationfacilitationandmonitoringcommitteesincommunityorganizations

ResolutionofissuesandeffectiveimplementationofIndigenousPeoplePlan

MonitoringandEvaluation

PPAF,PartnerOrganization,IPcommunity,membersofcommunityorganizations

Meetingswithcommunityorganizationsandbeneficiaries

Identificationandresolutionofimplementationissues,effectivenessofIndigenousPeoplePlan

151. The proponent Partner Organization, in close liaison with the PPAF InstitutionalDevelopmentUnit,willberesponsiblefororganizingfree,priorandinformedconsultationswiththepotentialIPcommunitiesensuringmaximumpossibleparticipationofthecommunities.Theresultsoftheconsultationswithstakeholderstoassessthepossibleimpactsofsub-projectsontheIPswillbedocumentedinthefollowingformat:





5. INDIGENOUSPEOPLEPLANSPREPARATIONANDAPPROVAL

152. Basedon theoutcomeof SocialAssessment and consultations, for subprojectswhereIPsarethesoleoroverwhelmingmajorityofdirectprojectbeneficiaries,andwhenonlypositiveimpactsareidentified,astand-aloneIndigenousPeoplePlan(IPP)willnotberequired.Elementsof an IPP (meaningful consultations, information disclosure, and beneficial measures to IPscommunities)areincludedintheoverallPPAF’sIPPFsub-projectcycleandareportofthesesub-projects(includinganassessmentofthebenefitsaccruingtoIPcommunities)willbesubmitted,aspartoftheQuarterlyProgressReports,totheWorldBank.

153. Ifasub-projectwillcausenegativesocio-culturalandeconomicimpactsonIPs,itwillbemandatoryforthePPAFtodevelopanIndigenousPeoplesPlan(IPP).Thesocialassessmentandconsultations undertaken will provide basis for developing the IPP. An IPP will be preparedeither forasetofsub-projectsor individualsub-projectbytypeorsectorofsub-projects.ThelevelofdetailinIPPwillbebasedonnature,scaleandextentofimpactsofasub-projectbutwillincludethefollowingasaminimum:11

• DescriptionofIPsandtheirvulnerablegroupstobeaffectedbyasub-project,measurestoaddresstheirneedsandconcerns,andasummaryofproposedsub-project;

• Detailofparticipationandconsultationprocesstobefollowedduringimplementation;• How adverse impacts will be avoided, minimized, mitigated or/and compensated

throughanagreeduponentitlementmatrix;• HowculturallyappropriatebenefitswillbesharedwithaffectedIPscommunitieswithin

anagreedtimeframe;• Abudgetestimate;• CulturallyappropriategrievanceredressalmechanismatbothPPAFandthelocallevel;• Monitoringandevaluationmechanisms;and• Acapacitybuildingplan.

154. An IPPwillbeprepared ina flexibleandpragmaticmanner,and its levelofdetailwillvary depending on the nature and impacts of a specific sub-project. The IPP includes thefollowingelements,asneeded:

• DetailofIPsscreeningandimpactcategory.• Needs,prioritiesandaspirationsofaffectedIPs.• Localsocialorganization,culturalbelief,ancestralterritoryandresourceusepatternsof

affectedIPs.• Summary of the legal and institutional framework applicable to Indigenous Peoples

withinthescopeoftheproposedintervention.• BaselinesocioeconomicinformationoftheIndigenousPeoples.• SummaryoftheSocialAssessment.• Summary of the results of the free, prior and informed consultation with the IP

communityduringprojectpreparation.• Framework for ensuring free, prior and informed consultation with the affected IP

communityduringprojectimplementation.• PotentialpositiveandnegativeimpactsonIPs.

11BasedonWorldBankOP4.10–AnnexB.


• ActionPlanofmeasures toensure IPcommunity receivesculturallyappropriate socialand economic benefits from a sub-project and to avoid, minimize, mitigate, orcompensateforanyadverseeffectsarisingfromtheproject.

• CostestimatesandfinancingplanfortheIPP.• ProcedurestoaddressgrievancesbytheaffectedIPcommunityarisingfromtheproject

implementationwithproceduresofcustomarydisputeresolutionandjudicialsystem.• Mechanisms and benchmarks for monitoring, evaluation and reporting on IPP

implementation.• Ifrequired,measurestoenhancethecapacityofthePPAF,localadministrationandPO

toaddressIPsissues.

155. TheIPPwillincludefollowinginformationandbenefitforvulnerablegroups:

• Number of vulnerable people impacted negatively and by losses from sub-projectinterventionsandthemagnitudeandnatureoftheseimpacts.

• Documentationof consultationswithvulnerablegroups toascertain theirviewsaboutprojectdesignandproposedmitigationmeasures.

• Mechanisms for targeted assistance to these groups, including training and incomegenerationactivities.

• Modalities to ensure regular and meaningful consultations with these groups duringprojectpreparationandimplementation.

5.1. SocialPreparation

156. InundertakingSocialPreparationactivities,thePPAFwillensurethefollowing:

i. Full engagement and coordination with POs and across all levels of communityinstitutions in all sub-project stages. IP leaders/IP-selected representatives orcommunity organizations will be formed for the participatory situational analysisactivities.

ii. Demographicandotherdataonthesocio-economicsituationofIPcommunitieswillbegatheredbythePOs.ThedatawillbeusedtodesignactivitiesforIPgroups.

iii. RepresentativesofCommunityOrganizationandPOswillactivelyparticipateduringsub-projectimplementation.

iv. Attendancerecordswillbemaintainedandreportedtoreflect levelofparticipationofIPsandobtaintheirfeedbacktomakeIPPimplementationmoreeffective.

157. AnindicativeoutlineofIndigenousPeoplePlanisgiveninAnnexIV.ThedraftIPPwillbesharedwiththerelevantIndigenousPeoplesfortheirconsentonthePlan.TheComplianceandQualityAssuranceGroupofPPAF,incollaborationwiththerespectiveOperationalUnit,willberesponsible to prepare an IPP. The final draft of developed IP Plan(s) together with sub-project(s)proposal(s)willbesubmittedtotheWorldBankforclearance/approval.

5.2. Disclosure/AccesstoInformation

158. PPAFwilldisclosedraftofIPPtotheIPstobeaffectedbytheproject,withkeyfindingsof social assessment, in a culturally appropriate manner and in a form that is easilyunderstandablebothoralandwritten.WorldBankclearedfinal IPPswillagainbedisclosedtotheaffectedIPscommunities.ApprovedIPPswillalsopublicallydiscloseonthePPAF,POsandtheWorldBankwebsites.Each IPPwillbetranslated inthe local language, i.e.KalashorUrduandwillbemadeavailableatcommunitylevelthroughmeetingswithcommunities/communityorganizations.TheIPPofasub-projectswillalsobemadeavailableinthelocallanguagesintheoffices of the three tiers of community organizations (community, village and Union Council


level), and must be present in the main and field offices of the implementing PartnerOrganizations.PPAFwillsharedetailsofthisdisclosurewiththeWorldBank.Electronicversionsof the IPPs in English andmost commonly known local language(s)will alsobeplacedon thewebsites of PPAF, Partner Organizations and the World Bank for the general public andinterestedinstitutions.AtPPAFlevel,theComplianceandQualityAssuranceGroupwillensurethedisclosureofandaccesstoIPPsinallavailableforms.

159. The IPPswill be updated, if necessary, based on detailed sub-project design or uponidentificationofnewsub-projects inthesameareaorsubprojectsector/type. IPPupdateswillaccommodate adjustments on scope of impacts and/or beneficiaries, mitigatingmeasures toavoid adverse impacts on IPs, as well as measures to enhance culturally appropriatedevelopment benefits. Outcomes and entitlements originally provided in the IPPswill not beloweredorminimized.


6. IPPFIMPLEMENTATION

160. Primarily, PPAF will be responsible for implementation of the Indigenous PeoplesPlanning Framework through its own project cycle management as well as its PartnerOrganizations.PPAFhasawell-establishedandexperimentedProjectCycle(shownbelow).ThefollowingtableshowsvariousIPPFrequirementswhichwillbeincorporatedateachstepoftheCycle.

PPAFProjectCycle IPPFRequirement Responsibility

CallforExpressionofInterestforPartnership

• ThepossiblepresenceofIPcommunitiesintheprojectareastobeflaggedsothattheprojectproponentsarefullyawareoftheIPPFandtheirresponsibilitiesthereof.

PPAF

POShortlisting • IfIPcommunitiesareidentifiedintheareaofworkofthePO,thecapacityofPOtointeractandworkwithIPsshouldbeassessedwhileshortlisting.

PPAF

RequestforFinancing • TherequestforfinancingfromthePOshouldincludecostofavoidanceormitigationifIPcommunitiesarepresentintheproposedareaofwork.

PO

Appraisal• DeskReview• FieldAppraisal• CreditCommittee

Review

• ScreeningtoidentifyifanyoftheproposedactivitiesarelocatedinareaswhereIndigenousPeoplearepresent.

PPAF

SelectionofImplementingPartnersbyBoD

• TheimplementingPartnerOrganizationtobefamiliarisedwithIPPFandtheIPPprocess

PPAF

FinancingAgreement • PreparationofIPcommunityspecificIPPshouldbemandatoryclauseintheFinancingAgreement.

PPAF

EOIsforpartnership• ESMF&IPPFflagging

POshortlispng• ScreeningforIPcommunipes

Requestforfinancing

DeskReview• ESMF&IPPFapplicability

FieldAppraisal• Pracpceassessment

CreditCommiqeeReview• ESMUrecommendapon

BoDApproval

FinancingAgreement• ESMcomplianceclause

ImplementaponPlan• 4%forESMP&IPP

Sub-projectformulapon• ESMFormA• IPP

Implementapon• Monitoring&Reporpng

Complepon• FormB


PPAFProjectCycle IPPFRequirement Responsibility

SocialMobilization• CapacityAssessment

ofPOandCommunities

• Trainings• Formationof3tiers

ofcommunityorganizations

• Socio-economicbaselineofIPcommunity• EnvironmentandSocialImpactAssessment• IPPPlanningandclearance• Disclosure• Free,priorandinformedconsultationswithIP

community

POandPPAF

PreparationofVillageDevelopmentPlans(VDPs)

• Free,priorandinformedconsultationswithIPcommunity•

PO

Preparationofsub-projectproposals

• Free,priorandinformedconsultationswithIPcommunity

• Sub-projectidentification,prioritizationanddesigning(mustensurethatadverseeffectsonIPcommunityareavoidedorminimized)

PO

Implementationandcompletionofsubprojects

• IPPimplementation• Free,priorandinformedconsultationswithIP

community• EnsuringthatadverseeffectsonIPcommunityfrom

sub-projectsareavoidedorminimized,andifnotpossible,thenmitigatedoradequatelycompensatedfor

PO

Monitoring,EvaluationandLearning

• ParticipatorymonitoringofIPPimplementation• Free,priorandinformedconsultationswithIP

community• Grievanceredressalmechanismtobeinplace

POandPPAF

6.1. Sub-ProjectImplementation

161. At pre-implementation stage, a Financing Agreement followed by an ImplementationPlan(IP)willbepreparedaspartofthefundingprocesswithduerespecttoIPPlanningprocess,incoordinationwith therelevantOperationalUnitofPPAF.TheTOP/MOAwillbeattachedtothe IPP. The generic TOP/MOA with POs will ensure that IP well-being are promoted andprotectedand IPparticipation indecisionmaking in relation toaccessof resourcesduring theentireprocessofsub-projectimplementationisrespectedandrecognized.

162. CommunityManagementPlan(CMP)willbeinitiatedbycommunitiesandcomplieswithIPPFprocedures,thereforeequivalencewiththeIPPisnotedasCMPisapprovedbyIPsthroughseveral meaningful consultations resulting in the issuance of Certificate Precondition (CP). Inundertakingsubprojectimplementationactivities,thefollowingwillbeensured:

i. Management Committees of community sub-projects implemented in IP areas underthe project or intended to generate benefits for IPs, include IP communityvolunteers/leaders selected by the community following customary procedures. Inaddition,membersofIPhouseholdswillbegivenpriorityinbenefitingfromlabourandremunerationforworkattendanttotheimplementationofsub-projectsinIPareas.

ii. IP community volunteers involved in managing all aspects of subprojectimplementation, from procurement to implementation and construction (forinfrastructure subprojects) tomanaging finances, are provided with training to equip


them with skills on bookkeeping, simple accounting, procurement, and resourcemanagementduringdesignandimplementationstages.

6.1.1. UnanticipatedImpacts

163. Indirect,and/orunanticipated impactson IPmaybecomeapparentduringsub-projectimplementation.Ifthisoccur,thePPAFwillensurethatasocialimpactassessmentisconductedresulting in the updating of the IPP or formulation of a new IPP covering all applicablerequirements specified in this IPPF. The social impact assessmentwill be done in accordancewiththeprocedures.

6.1.2. ParticipationofWomenandVulnerableSectors

164. The situationofwomenparticipation indecisionmakingamongmalesand females inKalashcommunitiesshouldbedocumented.Itismale-dominatedcommunity,butthisdoesnotpreventwomenfromtakingthenecessaryinitiativetoorganizeandperformlocalizeddecision-making.Sub-projectIPPstakeintoaccounttheuniquenessoftheIPcommunityaffectedbythespecificsub-project.

6.2. GrievanceRedressalMechanism

165. IndigenousPeoplesmayraiseagrievanceaboutanyissuescoveredinthis IPPFor/andIPPs during sub-project designing and implementation. The Affected communities will beinformed about GRM. Article 40 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoplesstatesthat,

“Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision throughjustandfairproceduresfortheresolutionofconflictsanddisputeswithStatesorother parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of theirindividual and collective rights. Suchadecision shall givedue consideration tothe customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoplesconcernedandinternationalhumanrights.”

166. Primarily, to the extent possible, the resolution of grievances will be throughtraditional/customaryIPgrievanceresolutionsystems,followingtheprincipleofprecedenceofcustomarypracticesintheIParea.Atpresent,aQazi(seeSection1.8.4)playsthemediatorroleforconflictresolutioninallKalashcommunities;hencethesameinstitutionwillbeusedasfirstlineofGRM. Inaddition to this, theGrievanceRedressalMechanismSystemofPPAFandPOswillbeusedfor IPstoaircomplaintsorgrievancesduringtheplanningandimplementationofsub-projects.

167. In order to address complaints against noncompliance of IPPF, any of the affectedindividualororganizationcanregisteritsgrievancewiththeGrievanceCommitteeofthePPAFor thegrievance redressalmechanismsetupbyeachPO individually.The reportedcomplaintswillbetreatedconfidentially,assessedimpartiallyandhandledefficiently,andaggrievedpartieswillbeinformedafterresolutionofcomplaintswithnecessarydetails(actionstaken,bywhomandwhen).ThePPAFGrievanceCommitteeforIPPFcomplianceiscomprisedofthefollowing:

1. GroupHead,ComplianceandQualityAssuranceGroup2. GeneralManager,ESM

168. ThecomplaintscanbeforwardedtotheCommitteeatthefollowingaddress:

GroupHead,ComplianceandQualityAssuranceGroup


PakistanPovertyAlleviationFund14,HillRoad,F-6/3,Islamabad,PakistanTel.+92(51)111000102Email:[email protected]

169. The following Standard Operating Procedures are practiced at PPAF for effective andtimelyredressalofcomplaints:

1. ThegrievanceredressalmechanismwillbehandledbytheGroupHead,ComplianceandQualityAssuranceUnit,whichwillberesponsibletoliaise/coordinatewithinternalandexternal stakeholders, i.e., PPAF Units, government departments, POs andcomplainants,asandwhenrequired.

2. Allcomplaintswillberecordedinthedatabaseandareferencenumberwillbeallotted.3. The complainant will be contacted and informed about complaint reference number

andthecontactdetailsinPPAFthroughletterand/oremail.Moreover,heorshewillbeasked told to share any additional information relevant to the complaint. Thecomplainantwill be contacted by PPAF, from time to time, to get clarification on theissueraisedbyhimorher.

4. Identityofthecomplainantwillnotbedisclosedtoanyparty.5. The complaint specific procedure for verification of validity or otherwise of the

complaintwillbeformulatedwithin5days.6. Athirdpartywillcarry-outinvestigationwithrespecttofinancialmatters,asandwhen

required.7. If deemed necessary, the professionals with specific skill set, e.g., social and

environmentspecialists,independentevaluatorsandotherprofessionalswillbehiredorco-optedfromtheOperationalUnits,asandwhenrequired.

8. Thetotaltimeframeforredressalofthecomplaintwillbe4to6weeks.9. TheChiefExecutiveOfficer,PPAFwill follow-uponthecomplaintsonfortnightlybasis,

includingstatusofthecomplaintsandtheprogressthereon.

170. ThisgrievanceredressalmechanismwillbeincludedintherespectiveIPP.ThePOswillensurethat informationaboutGRMwillbedisseminatedthrough itssocialstaff to indigenousgroupsandotherstakeholders.SocialstaffwillinformIPcommunitygroupsaboutthissystematthe startof the sub-projectplanningand implementation. Staffwill ensure thatmeetingsandconsultationsabouttheGRMareconductedwithIPgroups,independentlyoftheregularGRMorientationactivities,ifneeded.IPswillbeinformedthatcomplaintsmayalsoberegisteredwithand by the different tiers of community organizations. In case, PPAF and POs are unable toredressthegrievances,theIndigenousPeopleswillusetheirrighttoregistercasetothecourtoflaw.

171. If a complainant feels comfortable, he/she can also register complaint under GRM ofrelevant PO and seek resolution. But in addition, every sub-project willmaintain a grievanceregisterat thePO level,whichwillprovide informationonthenumberandtypeofgrievancesandcomplaintsreceivedfromindigenousgroups,andonthewaythesecomplaintshavebeenaddressedandatwhich level (POorPPAF). This informationwill be included in theQuarterlyProgressReportsofPOstothePPAFandPPAFtotheWorldBank.

6.3. InternalandExternalMonitoringandReportingArrangements

172. The PPAF will conduct monitoring and evaluation of this IPPF and IPP of each sub-project by establishing a monitoring and evaluation mechanism. The monitoring of IPs andvulnerablegroupsrelatedissueswillbeintegratedintheoverallM&Eandreportingmechanism.Thedetailedbaselinesurveysofexistingsocio-economicstatusandculturalpracticesofIPsand


vulnerable groups, which will be carried out during sub-project design, will be the basis forestablishingthebaselinedatatomonitorthesub-projectimpactsonIPs.CompliancemonitoringwillincludeestablishmentandmaintenanceofanIPdatabase,andmonitoringarrangementsto(a) track engagement of indigenous groups in the various activities of sub-projects, and (b)determine whether IPPs were carried out as planned, and in accordance with the IPPF. Therespective IPPs will also specify the system to collect data and monitor. Each IPP will havespecific monitoring indicators disaggregated by gender and ethnicity. Community self-assessmentsofasub-projectpreparationandimplementationwillbeapartofM&E,toprovideanavenueforIPstocommunicatewhethertheyhavebeeninvolvedinsub-projectactivitiesandwhetherthefinalsub-projectaddressestheirneeds.

173. ThemonitoringofIPPswillgenerallyincludethefollowing:

• Numberoffree,priorandinformedconsultationswithIPsatallstagesofasub-project;• MobilizationofIPstomanagetheinfrastructure/servicesestablished;• TheexistenceofanIPPwithanimplementationschedule;• InclusionofspecificactivitiestobenefitIndigenousPeoplesinIPP;• Thesocio-culturalappropriatenessoftheseactivities;• Impactsindicatorsrelatedtosub-projectimpactsonIPsandtheirvulnerablegroups;• ActionstakentoprotectrightsofIPstolandandnaturalresources;• Specificmonitoringindicators(disaggregatedbyethnicity,genderorsocialgroup);• AdescriptionoftheinstitutionalarrangementsfortheimplementationoftheIPP;• EstablishmentofagrievancemechanisminIPP;• AbudgetfortheimplementationoftheIPP;• DisclosureoftheIPPinanappropriateform,mannerandlanguagesoastobeculturally

appropriateforIndigenousPeoples;and• In caseof commercialdevelopment,agreementand sharingofbenefits in thecaseof

commercialdevelopmentofresources.

174. IndicatorsfornegativeimpactsonIPswillinclude:

• NumberofIPhouseholdsandindividualsphysicallyoreconomicallyaffectedbythesub-project;and

• Increase in conflicts with IPs communities or other groups as a result of newInfrastructure/services.

6.3.1. ScheduleforMonitoringandReportingofIPPs

175. The PPAF and its POswill establish a schedule for implementation of IPPs taking intoaccount the PPAF and sub-projects implementation schedules. It is expected that onemonthpriortothestartofasub-project implementation, internalandexternalmonitoringactorswillhave determined all IPP activities. ESMU auditing will ensure inclusion of IPs complianceparametersinthefieldvisits.Moreover,OperationalUnitswillalsoreportcompliancelevelsintheir mission reports, by filling up ESM Checklist (with IPs compliance parametersincluded).Monitoring results will be reported in regular Quarterly Progress Reports andsubmittedtotheWorldBank.ReportingofmonitoringactivitiesofIPPsimplementationwillbemadearegularfeatureoftheQuarterlyESMReportswhichareregularlysubmittedbyPartnerOrganizationstoPPAFandPPAFtotheWorldBank.

6.3.2. ExternalMonitoring/ThirdPartyValidation

176. Compliance of IPPF and IPPswill bemade a part of Annual Environmental and SocialMonitoring,tobecommissionedbythePPAFthroughacompetentthirdpartyindividualoran


organization/NGO,or a consultancy firmwith relevantqualification andexperience. PPAFwillprepareTORforaThirdPartyValidation (TPV)of IPPFand IPPscompliance,acceptable to theWorld Bank prior to hiring of TPV consultant. PPAF will ensure availability of funds for TPVactivity.Basedondetaileddeskreviewandfieldinvestigations,theexternalmonitorwillpresentrecommendationsforimprovementsIPPFandIPPs.

177. PPAFwillreportonstatusofIPPFcompliance,anddevelopmentandimplementationofIPPs,andcomplianceofdonorpolicies regarding IPs (suchasWBOP4.10) to thedonors.TheComplianceandQualityAssuranceGroupwillberesponsible for themonitoringandreportingthroughtherelevantOperationalUnitsofPPAF.TPVreportswillbesharedwiththeWorldBankforreviewandclearance.PPAFwillsubmitmonitoringandTPVreportstotheWorldBankforitsreviewandalsopostfinalonesonthePPAFandPOs’websites.

6.4. InstitutionalArrangements

178. PPAFwillbeoverallresponsibleforthecomplianceofIPPFandimplementationofIPPsas well as provision of technical assistance to the POs. While POs will directly manage andsupervisethecomplianceofIPPFandimplementationofIPPs.PPAF-ESMUstaffwillensurethatparticipatory approaches for engaging IPs, as well as the development priorities of IPs, areintegratedintothePPAFplanningandimplementationmechanisms.CoordinationwithPOsfieldofficeswillbedone in thepreparationof theTOPwith IPcommunities.ESMUofPPAFwill (i)facilitateeffectivecomplianceofIPPFandimplementationofIPPs(ii)buildandstrengthenthecapabilitiesofPOsanddifferenttiersofcommunityorganizationstoidentify,design,select,andimplementcommunitysub-projectsusingtheparticipatorystrategy.

179. The implementingPartnerOrganizations,whowillhave first-hand interactionwith theidentifiedIndigenousPeoplescommunities,willbeattheforefrontofIPPFimplementation.POswill:

i. Facilitate the formation and strengthening of community-based structures and IPsgrassroots organizations to engage in participatory, transparent, and accountablegovernance;

ii. Provideoverallguidanceinlocaldevelopmentplanning;iii. Provideassistanceinpreparationofsub-projects;iv. Managetoprovidecommunitycontributionsinsub-projects;v. Organizeandconvenecommunitygroupsmeetings;vi. Monitorandevaluatetheoverallimplementationofthesub-projectsatthecommunity

level;andvii. Ensures that theM&E data generated by the subprojects are correct, complete, and

consistentwithPPAFandWorldBankstandards.

180. The Compliance and Quality Assurance Group through its ESM Unit will provideoversight to the entire process while all the relevant Operational Units will liaise with therespective implementing POs for implementation of the Framework. Once an IndigenousPeoples community has been identified in any of the sub-projects area, the relevant POwilldesignateadedicatedFocalPersonforIPPprocesswhowouldresponsibletorepresentthePOthroughoutthesub-projectcycle,starting frombaselines informationcollectiontosub-projectcompletionreporting.

181. The following flow diagram shows institutional arrangements and responsibilities atvariousstagesoftheIPPFinasummarisedform.


Project Proposal Screening for presence of IPs

Environmental & Social

Assessment

Prior, Free & Informed

Consultation

No IP community

present

IP community is present


Indigenous Peoples Plan

Monitoring & Reporting

LEGEND:

PPAF


PartnerOrganization

IPP implementation


IPPF compliance

Donors

GrievancesGrievance Redressal

Mechanism

Institution RolesandResponsibilities

PPAF • DevelopinganIPPF,andgettingitapprovedbyBoDandendorsedbyWB• EnsuringimplementationofIPPFthrough:

o Establishingtheprescribedinstitutionalmechanismso AllocatingbudgetforimplementationofIPPFo SettingupGrievanceRedressalMechanismo IntegratingIPPFcomplianceinitsMISbasedM&Esystem

CQAGroup • IntegratingIPPFprinciplesinappraisalandimplementationplanningprocess• DevelopingMISbasedM&EsystemforIPPFcompliance• ConductingprocessmonitoringofIPPFimplementation• CommissioningthirdpartvalidationforIPPFimplementation


Institution RolesandResponsibilities

ESMUnit • ProvidingtechnicalbackstoppingtotheOperationalUnitsandPOsinscreeningforpresenceofIPcommunitiesattheproject/sub-projectsproposalstage

• ConductingIndigenousPeoplesPlanningaudits• BuildingcapacitywithPPAFandamongPOsfordevelopingIndigenousPeoples

Plans(IPPs)andtheirimplementation• ReceivingquarterlyprogressreportsonIPPFimplementationfromPOsand

submittingthesametoWBthroughCQA

PO • ScreeningforpresenceofIPcommunitiesattheproject/sub-projectsproposalstage

• DevelopingIPPsthroughtheprescribedprocess,especiallythrougho Socialassessmento Free,priorandinformedconsultationso Disclosure

• ImplementingtheIPPsthrougho Establishingtheprescribedinstitutionalmechanismso AllocatingbudgetforimplementationofIPPso SettingupGrievanceRedressalMechanism

• ReportingonIPPFcomplianceandIPPimplementation

LSO • SupportinginidentificationofIPsintheirrespectiveareaofinfluence• SupportingPOsindevelopingIPPs,especially

o Socialassessmento Free,priorandinformedconsultationso Disclosure

• ReportinganygrievancestotheGRM• BuildingcapacitiesofLSOmembersandfirstandsecondtiercommunity

organizationsinIPareas

VO • SupportinginidentificationofIPsintheirrespectiveareaofinfluence• SupportingPOsindevelopingIPPs,especially

o Socialassessmento Free,priorandinformedconsultationso Disclosure

• ReportinganygrievancestotheGRM• BuildingcapacitiesoftheirmembersinIPareas

COs • BeingresponsivetotheidentificationofIPsanddevelopmentofIPPs.

LocalGovernment • SupportingPOsandPPAFinidentificationofIPs• Informationsharingandsupportinginprimarydatacollection

TheWorldBank • ProvidingguidanceindevelopingIPPF• SupportinganyspecialmeasuresforidentifiedIPs

6.5. ImplementationScheduleandTime-boundActionsforImplementingthePlannedMeasures

182. Once the plannedmeasures are identified and planned in the form of an IndigenousPeoples Plan, the implementation process will be elaborated in terms of time-bound actionswith clear timelines.Agnat chartwill bedeveloped tokeepa trackof the implementationofIPP.


6.6. BudgetandFinancingIPP

183. There are two typesof costs associatedwithoperationalizing and implementing IPPF.ThefirstoneisatthePPAFendtosteertheIPPFimplementationprocesswhichwillbepartofPPAF regular ESM budget. However, the additional cost of undertaking capacity buildingactivitieswouldstillneedtobebudgetedandfactoredintooverallbudgetofPPAF.

184. Theotherchunkofcostisagainoftwotypes:

i. The cost incurred by the implementing Partner Organization to jointly undertake thesocial assessment, developing IPPs, anddesignating adedicated staff as a focal point.ThiscostwillbebudgetedasadministrativecostoftherespectivePartnerOrganization.

ii. The cost of implementing themeasures identified in the Indigenous Peoples Plan formitigatinganynegativeeffectsofproposedactivitiesontheIndigenousPeoplesand/oranycompensationstobepaidifthenegativeeffectsareunavoidable.Thiscostwillbeapart of the sub-project proposal, and disbursed to the relevant Partner OrganizationfromthePPAF-IIIbudget.However,thisdisbursementwillbeaccountedforseparately.

6.7. CapacityBuilding

185. SincedealingwiththeIndigenousPeoplesisanascentsubjectinPakistanandverylittleliteratureorexpertiseexistinPakistan,itwillbeimportanttobuildcapacityoftherelevantstaffinPPAFandtherelevantPOsinunderstandingthesocio-culturalpeculiaritiesoftheIndigenousPeoples. PPAF has a very limited institutional capacity to implement this IPPF and preparingIPPs,buildinginhousecapacityistheonlysustainablesolutiontothiscriticalgap.ThePPAFstaffandthePartnersOrganizationswillbemadefamiliarwiththeIPPF.Thestaffwillalsobetrainedin all steps of the Indigenous Peoples planning process, especially screening, IP sensitiveenvironmentalandsocialassessment,prior,freeandinformedconsultations,IPPsdevelopment,andmonitoringandreportingofIPPsimplementation.TheESMUofCQAGroupwilltakeleadincollaborationwith the relevantOperationalUnits and thePartnerOrganizations tobuild suchcapacity through knowledge sharing, formal and informal trainings, exposure to similarexperiencesanddocumentationofthelessonslearned.


AnnexI: PPAFPartnerOrganizationsWorkinginKalashValleys

AgaKhanRuralSupportProgramme(AKRSP)12

TheAgaKhanRuralSupportProgramme(AKRSP)wasfoundedintheearly1980sinwhatisnowGilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Created by the Aga Khan Foundation, it worked on agriculturalproductivity, natural resource management, small-scale infrastructure and forestation. Itspurposewastoimproveagriculturalproductivityandraiseincomesinaverypoor,remoteandmountainouspartofPakistan.Overtheyears,itwasabletorefineanumberofbestpractices,amongthemabottomupapproachthatbeganwiththeprioritizationofdevelopmentneedsbyvillagersthemselvesratherthanforeignbureaucrats.

Often described as a process of “learning by doing”, the AKRSP approach of working inpartnership with communities has made remarkable changes in the lives of the 1.3 millionvillagerswho live in Chitral andGilgit-Baltistan region.Most of these beneficiaries arewidelydispersedacrossaregioncoveringalmost90,000squarekilometres,anarealargerthanIreland.Among many notable achievements have been a significant increase in incomes, theconstructionofhundredsofbridges,irrigationchannelsandothersmallinfrastructureprojects,theplantingofover30milliontreesandreclamationofover90,000hectaresofdegradedland,the mobilization of over 4,500 community organizations and the creation of savings groupswhichmanageoverUS$8million.

Perhaps the most impressive achievement has been its pioneering community-based,participatoryapproachtodevelopment.Forover30years,AKRSPhassuccessfullydemonstratedparticipatoryapproaches toplanningand implementationofmicro leveldevelopment in ruralareas,includingthemobilizationofruralsavingsandprovisionofmicro-credit;theapplicationofcost-effective methods for building rural infrastructure; natural resource development;institution and capacity building; and successful partnership models for public-private sectorinitiatives.

Theoverallgoaloftheorganizationistoimprovethesocio-economicconditionsofthepeopleofnorthernPakistanbysupporting:

• InstitutionalDevelopment• Participatory Infrastructure Development (Roads, Irrigation Projects andMicrohydels,

etc.)• NaturalResourceManagement• Women’sDevelopment• RuralFinancialIntermediation• EnterpriseDevelopment

AKRSP,thoughprimarilyactiveinGilgit-Baltistan,isworkinginupperandcentralChitral.AKRSPhas helped the communities in community infrastructure schemes including microhydels,irrigationchannelsandfarmplantations,accesstobetterseedandagriculturalinputs,andvaluechaindevelopment.AKRSPisbeingsupportedbySDC,KfWandEU.

It has won a number of awards, including the 2005 Global Development Awards for MostInnovativeDevelopmentProjectandanAshdenAwardforSustainableEnergy.12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aga_Khan_Rural_Support_Programmeandhttp://www.akdn.org/rural_development/pakistan.asp


SarhadRuralSupportProgramme(SRSP)13

SarhadRuralSupportProgramme(SRSP)isanon-profitorganisationregisteredunderCompany'sLaw,workinginKhyberPakhtunkhwaandpartsofFATA.Itisanintermediaryorganizationwhichisbasedontheruralsupportprogrammeapproachtocommunityempowermentandeconomicand livelihood development. It was established in 1989 by members of the civil society,enlightened members of the government in their individual capacities, members of theacademia, media and training institutions. In 2007 SRSP also initiated a programme forcommunityempowermentandeconomicdevelopmentinpartsofFATA.Inrecentyearsbecauseofitsvastoutreachinthecommunities,SRSPhashadtoplayaprominentroleindisastersthathavehitKhyberPakhtunkhwaandasa resulthumanitarianworkalongwithdevelopmenthasbecomeacorecompetencyoftheorganization.

SRSP has a reasonable presence in different valleys of (mostly southern) Chitral and Swat.Currently it is implementingPEACE initiative fundedbyEUwhich includesmicrohydels,waterandsanitation,andcommunity infrastructurecomponents.Asvaluechaindevelopmentwork,SRSPisworkingonpackingandmarketingofwalnut,peerandhoneywhileitisalsosupportingnurserydevelopment.SRSPhasaregionalofficeinChitral.SRSPisworkinginnumberofvalleyswhere ithas supported the community in socialmobilisation, community infrastructure,NRMandcommunityenterprisedevelopment.Currently,ithasmorethan90professionalstaffinitsChitralRegionalOfficeofwhichabout10%arewomen.

SRSP and Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) have partnered together since 2000 forpovertyalleviationandimprovingqualityoflife.UnderitscurrentprogrammewithPPAF,SRSPiscarryingoutdevelopmentalactivitiesinSeventyFiveUnionCouncilsofPeshawar,Charsadda,Kohat,Karak,Mansehra,Battagram,Shangla,Kohistan,UpperDirandSwatdistricts inKhyberPakhtunkhwadividedinpriorityandnon-prioritydistricts.SRSP has been actively working in developing institutional and technical models for povertyalleviationandsustainable&equitabledevelopmentalongwithefforttoraisetheincomeandquality of life of poor. Based upon SRSP Social Mobilization Strategy, the project aims atinstitutional development, improving social services delivery of government, networking andlinkages,capacitybuildinganddevelopingcommunitynetworksforfuturedevelopment.UsingPovertyScoreCardsurvey,categorizationofpoorandidentificationoftargethouseholdsis carried out. Identification of livelihood opportunities and its assessment is carried out,LivelihoodInvestmentsPlansaredeveloped,andskilltrainingsareconductedforthevulnerableandpoor.ThemajorcomponentscarriedoutunderthePPAFpartnershipinclude

i. SocialMobilization,CommunityOrganizationsFormations,ii. Human Institutional Building by imparting trainings to Community Members and

Communityiii. PhysicalInfrastructuredevelopment.

13http://srsp.org.pk/srsp_new1/


AnnexII: FootprintofPPAFinKalashCommunity

PPAFCommunityOrganizationsinKalashValleys

S.# NameofOrganization TypeofOrganization Valley Members

1 Bathet VillageOrganization Rumboor 35

2 Bawuk VillageOrganization Rumboor 40

3 ChetGuru VillageOrganization Rumboor 26

4 DamikRumboor VillageOrganization Rumboor 15

5 KoldishGram VillageOrganization Rumboor 24

6 Achologh WomenOrganization Rumboor -

7 Grum WomenOrganization Rumboor 25

8 Bihal VillageOrganization Birir 28

PPAFSub-ProjectsinandaroundKalashValleys

VO/ClusterName Village PO UC Sub-Project BeneficiaryHHs

YearofCompletion

1 Birir Birir AKRSP Ayun Road(Valley) 324 2002

2 GaunoozBamburet Brun AKRSP Ayun ProtectiveWorks

79 2002

3 KandisarBamburet Bamburet AKRSP Ayun IrrigationChannel

40 2004

4 Achulga AchulgaRumboor

AKRSP Ayun IrrigationChannel

25 2005

5 Kalashgram Kalashgram AKRSP Ayun IrrigationChannel

53 2005

6 AnishKalash Anish AKRSP Ayun Road(Link) 53 2005

7 SaroozjalBamburet Saroozjal AKRSP Ayun Bridge(Jeepable)

40 2006

8 KuruBala Kuru SRSP Ayun Watercourselining

2006

9DarkhanandehPayeen Darkhanandeh SRSP Ayun

StreetPavementanddrains

250 2006

10 Kandisar Kandisar SRSP Ayun Watercourselining 50 2007

11 Tholiandeh Tholiandeh SRSP AyunStreetPavementanddrains

150 2007

12 Sheikhandeh Sheikhandeh SRSP Ayun WaterSupply 110 2008

13 Anish Anish SRSP Ayun WaterSupply 102 2008

14 BamburetPayeen BamburetPayeen SRSP Ayun Microhydro 130 2008


VO/ClusterName Village PO UC Sub-ProjectBeneficiary

HHsYearof

Completion

15 Junali Junali SRSP AyunStreetPavementanddrains

190 2008

16 DarkhanandehBala Darkhanandeh SRSP Ayun WaterSupply 300 2008

17 Balausht Balausht SRSP Ayun WaterSupply 120 2008

18SheikhandehRumboor

SheikhandehRumboor AKRSP Ayun

IrrigationChannel 60 2008

19 BronBamburet BronBamburet AKRSP AyunBridge(Jeepable) 99 2008

20 Birir Birir AKRSP AyunHydelPower(Upgrade) 220 2009

21 BehalBirir BehalBirir AKRSP AyunProtectiveWorks 32 2009

22 AchulgaRumboorAchulgaRumboor AKRSP Ayun

IrrigationChannel 30 2009

PPAFIII

23 DamikRumboor DamikRumboor AKRSP AyunIrrigationChannel 15 2011

24 BathetRumboor BathetRumboor AKRSP AyunProtectiveWorks 118 2011

25 GromeRumboor GromeRumboor AKRSP Ayun WaterSupply 43 2011

26 Bawuk Bawuk AKRSP AyunIrrigationChannel 25 2011

27 ChetGuru Rumboor AKRSP AyunIrrigationChannel 22 2011

28 AcholghaRumboorAcholghaRumboor AKRSP Ayun WaterSupply 30 2011

29 KoldeshRumboorKoldeshRumboor AKRSP Ayun

ProtectiveWorks 384 2013

30RumboorWelfareCCB Rumboor AKRSP Ayun Road(Valley) 384 2013


AnnexIII: OperationalPrinciplesoftheWorldBankPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeople

WithanoverallobjectivetodesignandimplementprojectsinawaythatfostersfullrespectforIndigenousPeoples’dignity,humanrights,andculturaluniquenessandsothatthey:(a)receiveculturallycompatiblesocialandeconomicbenefits;and(b)donotsufferadverseeffectsduringthedevelopmentprocess,theWorldBankPolicy4.10onIndigenousPeoplesetsforththefollowingoperationalprinciples:

1. ScreenearlytodeterminewhetherIndigenousPeoplesarepresentin,orhavecollectiveattachment to, the project area. Indigenous Peoples are identified as possessing thefollowing characteristics in varying degrees: self-identification and recognition of thisidentitybyothers;collectiveattachmenttogeographicallydistincthabitatsorancestralterritories and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; presence ofdistinct customary cultural, economic, social or political institutions; and indigenouslanguage.

2. Undertake free, prior and informed consultationwith affected Indigenous Peoples toascertaintheirbroadcommunitysupportforprojectsaffectingthemandtosolicittheirparticipation:(a)indesigning,implementing,andmonitoringmeasurestoavoidadverseimpacts, or,whenavoidance is not feasible, tominimize,mitigate, or compensate forsucheffects;and(b)intailoringbenefitsinaculturallyappropriatemanner.

3. Undertakesocialassessmentorusesimilarmethodstoassesspotentialprojectimpacts,both positive and adverse, on Indigenous Peoples. Give full consideration to optionspreferredbytheaffectedIndigenousPeoplesintheprovisionofbenefitsanddesignofmitigationmeasures.IdentifysocialandeconomicbenefitsforIndigenousPeoplesthatare culturally appropriate, and gender and inter-generationally inclusive and developmeasurestoavoid,minimizeand/ormitigateadverseimpactsonIndigenousPeoples.

4. Where restrictionofaccessof IndigenousPeoples toparksandprotectedareas isnotavoidable,ensurethattheaffectedIndigenousPeoples’communitiesparticipateinthedesign,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofmanagementplansforsuchparksandprotectedareasandshareequitablyinbenefitsfromtheparksandprotectedareas.

5. Put in place an action plan for the legal recognition of customary rights to lands andterritories,when theproject involves: (a)activities thatarecontingentonestablishinglegally recognized rights to lands and territories that Indigenous Peoples traditionallyowned,orcustomarilyusedoroccupied;or(b)theacquisitionofsuchlands.

6. Do not undertake commercial development of cultural resources or knowledge ofIndigenousPeopleswithoutobtainingtheirprioragreementtosuchdevelopment.

7. PrepareanIndigenousPeoplesPlanthatisbasedonthesocialassessmentanddrawsonindigenous knowledge, in consultation with the affected Indigenous Peoples’communities and using qualified professionals. Normally, this plan would include aframework for continued consultation with the affected communities during projectimplementation;specifymeasurestoensurethatIndigenousPeoplesreceiveculturallyappropriatebenefits,andidentifymeasurestoavoid,minimize,mitigateorcompensatefor any adverse effects; and include grievance procedures,monitoring and evaluationarrangements,andthebudgetforimplementingtheplannedmeasures.

8. DisclosethedraftIndigenousPeoplesPlanincludingdocumentationoftheconsultationprocessinatimelymannerbeforeappraisalformallybegins,inanaccessibleplaceandinaformandlanguagethatareunderstandabletokeystakeholders.

9. Monitor implementation of the Indigenous Peoples Plan, using experienced socialscientists.


AnnexIV: IndicativeAnnotatedOutlineofIPP14

1. Preliminariesa. TableofContentsb. ListofAcronymsandAbbreviationsc. ExecutiveSummary

2. IntroductionandContexta. Introductionoftheproposedprojectand/oractivitiesb. RationaleforIPP

3. LegalandInstitutionalFrameworkWhat national and provincial laws are applicable in regard to the Indigenous Peoplesunderconsideration?

4. BaselineSocioeconomicInformationSocioeconomicinformationabouttheIndigenousPeoplescollectedthroughprimaryandsecondaryresources

a. Socio-culturalsetupb. Economicinfrastructure(resources)andactivitiesc. SummaryoftheSocialAssessment

5. Free,PriorandInformedConsultationsa. Summaryoftheresultsofthefree,priorandinformedconsultationwiththeIP

communityduringprojectpreparationb. Frameworkforensuringfree,priorandinformedconsultationwiththeaffected

IPcommunityduringprojectimplementation6. ActionPlan

a. MeasurestoensurethatIPcommunityreceivesculturallyappropriatesocialandeconomicbenefitsfromproject

b. Measures toavoid,minimize,mitigate,or compensate foranyadverseeffectsarisingfromtheproject

7. FinancingIPPCostEstimatesandFinancingPlanfortheIPP

8. GrievanceRedressalProcedurestoaddressgrievancesbytheaffectedIPcommunityarisingfromtheprojectimplementation

9. Monitoring,EvaluatingandReportingMechanisms and benchmarks for monitoring, evaluating and reporting on theimplementationoftheIPP

10. Annexesa. ListofproposedactivitiesintheIPareasb. Listofparticipantstotheconsultationsc. AnyotherinformationdeemfittobeincludedintheIPP

14BasedonexcerptsfromWBOperationalPolicy4.10(2013).


AnnexV:DetailsofStakeholderConsultations

Type/InstitutionofStakeholder

Date Mechanism15 Place NameofParticipations

Communitymembers

23-10-2014 FGDwithmen VillageguesthouseinRumboorValleyownedbyKalashperson

YasirBalangorNoorMuhammadBalangorKonsalKhanBalangorBachazadAkbarBhuttoSalamatKhanGhaziMuhammadSherMuhammadYasingBatroitMulkiAzamBatroitSherpaoBalangor

CommunityMembers

23-10-2014 FGDwithwomen KalashdancingplaceatRumboor

EasterOtherwomendidn’twanttodisclosedtheirnames

AKRSPFieldStaff 23-10-2014 KeyInformantInterview

RumboorValley Jehanzaib(SocialOrganizer)Younus(FieldEngineer)ImtiazAhmad(Anthropologist)

CommunityMembers

24-10-2014 FGDwithmen VillageguesthouseinBamburetValleyownedbyKalashpersonnamedYasir

AbdulAleemNoorulHuqAbdulJabbarSherjanHabibHasratZardariSyedKhanGambazKhanYousufAmirHussain

Communitymembers

24-10-2014 FGDwithwomen MeetingplaceatBamburetValley

Womendidn’twanttodisclosedtheirnames

AVDP(Ayun&ValleysDevelopmentProgram)–LSO

24-10-2014 MixFGD UCAyun SaifullahJan(Chairman)Wazirzada(GenManager)Najma(SocOrganizer)JavedAhmad(SocOrganizer)ZartajBegum(BODmember)RehmatElahi(ExChairmen)MuhammadIbrahim(ViceChairman)Makhdoomudin(Ex-Chairman)Fazal(BODmember)

ReligiousLeader(QaziSahib)

24-10-2014 KeyInformantInterview

AtMuseum,BamburetValley

Ostoor

15EitherIDI,SSI,SI,KII,FGD,openmeeting,cornermeetingetc.


Type/InstitutionofStakeholder

Date Mechanism15 Place NameofParticipations

AKRSPFieldStaff 24-10-2014 KeyInformantInterview

BamburetValley SyedArifHussain(SocialOrganizer)MansoorAlikhan(InternSMUnit)

MuseumIn-charge 24-10-2014 KeyInformantInterview

AtMuseum,BamburetValley

Communityelders 2-4-2015 KeyInformantInterview

Telephonically GulFerozKhanInayatUllahObaidullah

Communitymembers

2-5-2015 FGDwithwomen MeetingplaceatBirirValley

SyasGulDianaKoiBibiNoorJehanSailBibiShahNamaBibitikAsrafiaNusratShaeenTehegoomFouziaManiMuberiSachinGul(PresidentWOGuru)

Communitymembers

2-5-2015 FGDwithmen MeetingplaceatBirirValley

TurabIrfanSharakatKhanUnatBaigNoorBaigGhulamEssaZiaSahibQulchinWazirzada(Manager-AVDP)

Judiciary 29-5-2015 KeyInformantInterview

Telephonically MuhammadShoaibKhan


AnnexVI: LevelofAdverseImpactsofSpecificInterventionsinIPareas

Sector-wiseSpecificInterventions LevelofAdverseImpacts

None Low Moderate High


TubeWells–IrrigationinCanalIrrigatedAreas ü

TubeWells–DrinkingWater ü

TubeWells–IrrigationinDryAreas ü

HandPumps ü

OpenWell/DugWell ü

WaterTanks(OH,OG,UG) ü

DrinkingWaterSupplyScheme(DWSS)–Springs/Watersupplyextensions/others ü

Irrigation(Drip/Sprinkler/Syphon/Pipe/Lift) ü

Watercourse(new,rehabilitation,lining)

ü

WaterChannels–MountainAreas(<2‟x3‟) ü

RainWaterHarvestingPond ü

Karezes ü

CheckDam ü

DelayActionDams ü

LandLevelling(irrigation) ü

PipeLining(PVC/RCC)forDWSS/Irrigation ü


Desalinationplant(for≤100Households)

ü

BiogasPlant(for≤100Households) ü

Solarenergy(for≤100Households) ü

Windmills(i.e.coastalareasofBalochistanandSindh) ü

Microhydel–Lessthan1MW ü

Access/Circulation

Culverts ü

Streetsurfacing/lining(bricksoiling,concreteorlocalmaterial) ü

PipeLining(PVC/RCC) ü

Causeways

ü

Retainingwall/GabionWall/FloodProtectionBund ü

Linkroads–plainareas ü

Bridges ü

Linkroads-mountainareas ü

WasteManagement


Sector-wiseSpecificInterventions LevelofAdverseImpacts

None Low Moderate High

Solidwastemanagement(for≤100Households) ü

Sanitationschemes(latrines,T-Chambers,drains,andoxidationpond) ü


School(Construction/Renovation) ü

School(Adoption/Management) ü

BasicHealthUnit/dispensary(Construction/Renovation) ü

BasicHealthUnit/dispensary(Adoption/Management) ü

LivelihoodEnhancementandPrevention

Agriculture/Cropping ü

Livestock/Poultry/FishFarming ü

FoodProcessing/Production ü Handicrafts/CottageIndustry ü Micro-enterprise ü Workshops/Technicians ü SelectionCriteriaforTypeofTrainingsandInstitutes ü Microfinance

GuidelinesforMicrofinanceInterventions ü

IntegratedProjects

IntegratedAreaUpgradationProgram(IAUP) ü

DroughtMitigation&PreparednessProgram(DMPP) ü IntegratedInfrastructureUpgradationProgram(IIUP) ü IntegratedWaterEfficientIrrigationProgram(IWEIP) ü IntegratedRenewableEnergyProgram(IREP) ü OtherProjects

NaturalResourceManagement(NRM)project

ü

Securitylights

ü

Jetty ü