Providing Options Providing Options for Philippine for Philippine

AgricultureAgriculture

Providing Options Providing Options for Philippine for Philippine

AgricultureAgriculture

BiotechnologyBiotechnologyBiotechnologyBiotechnology

(Revised: June 2003)(Revised: June 2003)

WORLDfrom 6.05 billion to about 7.5 billion

WORLDfrom 6.05 billion to about 7.5 billion

PHILIPPINESfrom 82 million to 122 million

PHILIPPINESfrom 82 million to 122 million

Sources: ADB, POPCOMSources: ADB, POPCOM

world cereal production should increase by 50%

To feed this population...

Philippine rice production should increase from 12 to 18 M tons (40%)

• deforestation• overgrazing • land conversion

Agricultural resources are limited by ...

Source: FAOSource: FAO

we need better and more efficient ways to produce food

With increasing demand for food and limiting resources...

one option is through

Biotechnology

BioBio - life

TechnologyTechnology - any technique or procedure to develop new products

BiotechnologyBiotechnology- any technique that uses whole or part

of a living thing to make new products, improve or develop plants, animals and other organisms for specific use

GE of animalsGE of animals

GE to develop animal vaccinesGE to develop animal vaccines

GE of biocontrol agents against plant pest & diseases

GE of biocontrol agents against plant pest & diseases

Plant protoplast fusionPlant protoplast fusion

Embryo transferEmbryo transfer

GE of plantsGE of plants

GE to improve microorganisms

GE to improve microorganisms

Recombinant DNA for disease diagnostics

Recombinant DNA for disease diagnostics

Monoclonal anti body productionMonoclonal anti body production

Plant tissue culturePlant tissue culture

Fermentation, BiofertilizersFermentation, Biofertilizers

Insulin for diabetes

Interferon for treating cancer

Hepatitis B vaccine

Using living organisms to clean the environment

Improved food quality and food processing

Food biotechnologyFood biotechnology

Better tasting

More nutritious

Cleaner food

Animal biotechnologyAnimal biotechnologyBetter breeds of livestock and poultry

• leaner meat

•more milk

Vaccines

Crops biotechnologyCrops biotechnology

Varieties resistant to pests and diseases

High yielding crops

Improved postharvest qualities

Tissue cultured planting materials

Diagnostic kits

Genetic engineeringGenetic engineeringTechnique that transfers gene(s) of interest to develop and improve plants, animals and other organisms

- basic physical and functional units of heredity which carries

information for the expression of a particular trait

GeneGene

Conventional Breeding

Wild Relative Crop Plant

Genetic Engineering

Wild Relative Crop Plant

• limited to exchanges between the same or very closely related species

• little or no guarantee of obtaining any particular gene combination from the millions of crosses generated

• undesirable genes can be transferred along with desirable genes

• take a long time to achieve desired results

Conventional Breeding Genetic Engineering• allows the direct transfer of

one or just a few genes, between either closely or distantly related organisms

• crop improvement can be achieved in a shorter time compared to conventional breeding

Products developed through genetic engineering

Genetically Modified

Organisms (GMOs)

Genetically Modified

Organisms (GMOs)

= Transgenics= Transgenics

Global area by countryGlobal area by country2001 & 2002

(millions of hectares)

Country 2001 % 2002 % +/- %

USA 35.7 68 39.0 66 +3.3 +9

Argentina 11.8 22 13.5 23 +1.7 +14

Canada 3.2 6 3.5 6 +0.3 +9China 1.5 3 2.1 4 +0.6 +40

South Africa 0.2 <1 0.3 1 +0.1 +50

Australia 0.2 <1 0.1 <1 -0.1 --

India -- -- <0.1 <1 <0.1 --

Romania <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 --

Spain <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 --

Uruguay <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 --

Mexico <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 --

Bulgaria <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 --

Indonesia <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 --

Colombia -- -- <0.1 <1 <0.1 --

Honduras -- -- <0.1 <1 -- --

Germany <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 --

Total 52.6 100 58.7 100 +6.1 +12%

Source: Clive James, 2002

Global area by yearGlobal area by year1996-2002

11.00

27.80

39.9044.20

52.60

1.70

58.70

-

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

in Million hectaresin Million hectaresin Million hectares

Increase of 12%, 6.1 million hectares or 15 million acres between 2001 and 2002.

Source: Clive James, 2002

Global area by crop2001 and 2002:

(million hectares)

2001 % 2002 % +/- %

Soybean 33.3 63 36.5 62 +3.2 +10

Maize 9.8 19 12.4 21 +2.6 +27

Cotton 6.8 13 6.8 12 0.0 - -

Canola 2.7 5 3.0 5 +0.3 +11

Squash <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 (- -) - -

Papaya <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 (- -) - -

Total 52.6 100 58.7 100 +6.1 +12

Source: Clive James, 2002

2001 and 2002:(million hectares)

Source: Clive James, 2002

58.752.6Total

16.013.5Developing Countries

42.7 39.1Industrial Countries

20022001

Global area (Industrial vs. Developing)

Regulation ofGM crops

National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP)

Created by E.O. 430 in 1990 to review and monitor R&D involving GMOs for laboratory and contained evaluation of possible effects on the environment

Department of Agriculture

Issued A. O. No. 8 “Rules and Regulations for the Importation and Release into the Environment of Plant and Plant Products Derived from the Use of Modern Biotechnology”mandating:

• Bureau of Plant Industry to evaluate and monitor field tests of GM crops; process applications for limited field tests, propagation, delisting or for importation of GM crops

• Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority to evaluate and register GM crops pesticidal properties

• Bureau of Animal Industry to evaluate feed safety

• Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Product Standards to evaluate food safety

DENR and DOH are also involved in biosafety and food safety assessments

Commercialization

• Corn resistant to Asiatic corn borer

Field Test

• Rice resistant to bacterial blight• Corn resistant to Asiatic corn borer

Greenhouse

• Papaya with delayed ripening trait• Papaya resistant to ringspot virus

Laboratory

• Mango with delayed ripening trait• Rice resistant to tungro virus• Vitamin A-enriched rice• Banana resistant to bunchy top disease• Coconut with higher amount of MCTs• Sweet potato resistant to feathery mottle virus

Hence, biotechnology is a viable option

Judicious and safe applications of biotechnology in agriculture

and natural resources could increase farmer’s income,

provide better and safer products to consumers and lessen

dependence on chemicals destructive to the environment...

This biotech mentor’s kit is a collaborative project of

DOST – PCARRD

ISAAA

SEARCA-BIC

BiotechnologyBiotechnologyProviding Options for Providing Options for Philippine AgriculturePhilippine Agriculture

BiotechnologyBiotechnologyProviding Options for Providing Options for Philippine AgriculturePhilippine Agriculture

Revised: June 2003