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(Provided Information to you!>>>) Ancient Roman Cultural Achievements: • Roman architectural styles are found throughout the world.
• Roman law is the basis for legal practice in Europe, former European Colonies, and Latin America. • Roman roads, called the greatest engineering accomplishment of their time, are still used in some places today. • Roman art was the inspiration for many works during the Renaissance period. Which statement is consistent with the cultural influence of Ancient Rome on other civilizations?
Based on this information, what importance does the Classical Roman world have most?Possible Answers...
A Rome has had a lasting impact on the modern art period. B Rome has had an enduring impact on modern civilizations. C The Romans greatly influenced early African societies. D The Romans greatly influenced Greek society.
‘Do Now’ Wednesday February 14th
Create a Timeline! Going from oldest to most recent!Include the following events on the timeline!!!
1) Ancient Sumerian Civilization2) Beginnings of Neolithic Age3) Ancient Egyptian Civilization4) Ancient Indus Valley Civilization5) Emperor Qin founds China6) Ancient Yellow River Civilization7) First Democracy created in Ancient Greece8) Battle of Thermopylae between Greece and Persia (From the movie 300)9) Oldest known cave paintings of man
10) Founding of The Roman Republic!11) Birth of Christ12) Founding of The United States of America!
A brief explanation of each event somewhere on the timeline! I’m not looking for a paragraph, but show me you know what the event or place is.
Choose 3 events and draw a picture of them on the back of your timeline!
Timeline Activity!
Think of B.C or ‘Before Christ’ as like a countdown to the birth of Jesus.
A.D, or ‘After Death’ represents the counting of time forward like we do today!
Thursday ‘Do Now’
The Roman World 509 B.C - 476 A.D: Military Expansion = Power and $$$
Classical Rome!Unit 3.1
Where is Rome?
Rome: Beneficial Geography!
-- Because of its geography, Italy was much easier to unify than Ancient Greece!
-- Unlike Greece, Italy is not broken up into small, isolated valleys.
-- Also unlike Greece, the major mountains of Rome, the Apennines, are less rugged and difficult to traverse.
-- Finally, Italy has broad, fertile plains in the north and the west. These plains supported the population of the Roman empire as it grew!
The Beginning!
By about 800 B.C, the ancestors of the Romans, the Latins, migrated into Italy.
They settled along the Tiber river in small villages scattered over seven low-lying hills.
Herders and Farmers initially
In time, there small villages would grow together into the city of Rome!
The Great Roman Origins Myth!
The Roman people took pride in the myth of how their city began.
According to legend, two brothers, Romulus and Remus, founed the city.
They were said to have been the sons of a Latin woman and the war god Mars (Ares in Greece).
This made the Romans believe their city had divine origins!
Legend also stated that the boys were raised by wolves! >>>
The Roman Republic!
In 509 B.C, the Roman people pushed out a group of Northern Italians who had previously ruled over them.
It was then that they set up the ‘res publica’, or Roman Republic!
What is a Republic?
A Republic is a form of government in which the people choose representatives that then make the laws.
The United States is a Democratic Republic!
Roman Republic Structure
At first, only wealthy landowners could participate in the Senate. These were called Patricians.
Each year, the Roman senate would choose 2 consuls from this patrician class.
-- Their job was to supervise the business of government and control the army.
-- Consuls could only serve 1 term! They must also approve each other’s decisions.
If war were to break out, the senate could choose a ‘dictator’ who could take complete control for six months.
The Plebeians Fight for Power!The Plebeians, or common Romans, fought for political power early on in the Republic.
In time, their struggle lead to them winning the right to elect Tribunes.
These early tribunes could veto, or block, laws that were harmful to the Plebeians.
Little by little the Plebeians continued to win political rights. Eventually being allowed to hold senate seats and consulships.
Any of that sound familiar? (It Should) --4thstop
More than 2,000 years later the framers of The United State’s Constitution adopted ideas such as the Senate, the veto, and checks and balances!
Life in Ancient Rome
Women: Played a larger role than in Greek life. Could own property, and eventually own shops and businesses. Most stayed at home raising families, spinning, and weaving clothes.
Over time, women gained greater freedom and influence in Roman life. Some women had public roles and exercised political influence!
Education of Children: Most children were taught to read and write. Wealthy Romans often hired Greek tutors to teach them philosophy and rhetoric (Good speaking skills)
Roman Religion: Polytheistic, took many gods from the Greeks and added their own culture and views on them. Festivals for the gods were common!
Roman Army and Conquest! (10 R.A Facts)
By 270 B.C, the Romans controlled most of Italy.
The Roman army was made up of LEGIONS, or groups of about 5,000 men.
Roman soldiers typically received a portion of the goods that they won in conquest.
Roman generals encouraged good fighters by rewarding bravery in battle with gifts and public praise.
If a unit fled from battle however, they would be ‘decimated’, or have 1 in every 10 men killed in the unit.
A Generous Roman Conqueror
In most cases, the people conquered by Rome were allowed to keep local culture, customs, and government in check (Tolerance!).
In return, conquered people had to pay taxes, supply troops to the Roman legions, and acknowledge Roman leadership!
Conquest! Expansion! Empire! (3 Minute Video)
‘Punic Wars’: Rome fights a series of wars with their neighbors to the South between 246 B.C - 146 B.C. ROME VS. CARTHAGE!
Eventually Rome completely destroys the competing empire, making them the sole power in the mediterranean.
The Romans were now after a policy of IMPERIALISM, or establishing control over foreign lands and peoples (empire building).
Inequality of Wealth and Power in Ancient Rome
“The wild beasts that roam over Italy have every one of them a cave or lair to lurk in; but the men who fight and die for Italy enjoy the common air and light, indeed, but nothing else. They fight and die to support others in wealth and luxury, and though they are styled (refereed to) as masters of the world, they have not a single clod of earth that is their own.”
-- Roman Tribune Tiberius Gracchus
Wealth and Corruption!As the empire expanded, so did the gap between wealthy Romans and poor Romans.
Wealthy Romans built huge plantations called LATIFUNDIA and used conquered people for slaves.
Poor Roman farmers couldn’t compete with the slave labor, and so many lost their farms and ended up homeless!
Attempted Reform!
Two Plebeian brothers, Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus tried to reform what they saw as an unjust system. They pushed for land REDISTRIBUTION and the use of public funds to buy grain (food) for the poor!
The senate found this threatening, and had them and many of their followers killed!
The Decline of the Roman Republic...
Unable to resolve the problems of inequality and corruption peacefully, Rome fell into a series of CIVIL WARS.
To be continued...
1) The United States’ Federal Government has ‘Checks and Balances’ built in. Why do you think this is an important move?
CHECKS and BALANCES DEFINITION: A government that has powers split up between different branches. (Judicial, Legislative, Executive)
‘Do Now’
El gobierno federal de los Estados Unidos tiene "cheques y balances" construido adentro. ¿Por qué usted piensa esto es un movimiento importante?___________________________________CONTROLES Y SALDOS DEFINICIÓN: Un gobierno que tiene poderes divididos entre diferentes ramas. (Judicial, Legislativo, Ejecutivo)
Day 2 The Roman World! ‘DO NOW’ (Honors 3)
1) How was the Roman Government similar to ours today? Use your notes!!
2) How was it different?
Review From Yesterday!
Rome defeats rival empire Carthage in North Africa
Policy of Imperialism!
Gets very very wealthy and continuously gains territory!
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer! Huge Wealth Inequality
Massive government corruption
Problems lead to civil war!
Problem of the Republic: The Roman Armies
Roman armies began to become more loyal to their generals than to the Roman Senate!!!
-- Generals provided them with more benefits like land and money
Out of the civil wars and chaos comes…
Julius Caesar!
Caesar brought great wealth and land to Rome by conquering much of modern day France (Then called Gaul)
The senate feared how powerful Caesar and his armies had become. They ordered him to come home and disband his army!
He says heck no! Takes his army and invades Rome!
“I came, I saw, I conquered.” - Julius Caesar
Caesar takes control of Rome!
Caesar Makes Reforms!
Built Public Works to employ the jobless
Granted more people in the empire Roman citizenship
Caesar’s enemies worried that he was trying to take too much power for himself!
In 46 A.D, he was stabbed to death in the Senate!
A POWER VACUUM was made, and eventually Caesar’s great nephew took power of Rome!
Augustus!
The Great Nephew of the dead Julius Caesar…
Builds a stable government
Creates efficient civil service system
Postal service
Census (counted people, we still use this today in the U.S)
He ended the Republic by appointing his successor (who took power after he died)
Rise and Fall of Rome (4 Minutes)
Rise and Fall of Rome VideoJulius Caesar Emperor Nero (A Tyrant)
‘Pax Romana’ The Roman Peace!Roman rule brought order, peace, and stablility to the massive empire
Trade routes were relatively safe, protected by legions
Roman ships fought off pirates
Silk all the way from China
People could move freely spreading ideas!
Trade within the Empire!!!
Document Analysis!Periods 2 and 4: Read through Document A!
Answer the following Questions…
1) How does the author of the document feel about Caesar? Underline one sentence that backs up why you think this.
2) The author of the document was a soldier under Julius Caesar (Augustus), how might this impact how he wrote about him?
Period 3: Read through documents A and B!
1) How does the author of document A feel about Caesar? Provide 2 sentences (underline or copied) that makes you think this.
2) Why would the author of document A write about Caesar in the way he did?3) What is the main point of document B? In other words, according to the document, what did Julius Caesar
(Augustus) do?4) Why would Caesar want to do this?
The Problem With Monarchies...
After Augustus dies, the rulers of Rome were hit and miss. In other words, some were great, some good, and some terrible!!!
After ruling the Mediterranean sea for hundreds of years, the Roman empire began to weaken!
Emperors were overthrown by ambitious generals (political instability)
High Taxes hurt the economy
The Great Split! Finally in 284 A.D the Roman empire splits the Empire in two! West and East. In an attempt to make the empire easier to rule and fix.
Emperor Diocletian makes the decision (284 A.D)
‘Western Empire’‘Eastern Empire’
Then, in 312 A.D, emperor Constantine changed the world forever by granting toleration to Christians in the empire. He also made a “New Rome” in the city of constantine (modern day Istanbul).
Constantine and Christianity
Emperor Constantine Eventually Converts Himself!
Artwork Depicting Constantine’s Conversion
Invaders!!
For centuries Rome had faced attacks from Germanic peoples.
When Rome was powerful, they could fight them off!
The HUNS!!! Migrating from modern day Mongolia, this band of invaders rode on horseback attacking and pillaging anyone in their path.
Eventually, they would sack Rome itself.
They also displaced other German tribes, who then were pushed towards Rome for safety.
In 476, the Western Empire finally fell to a Germanic invader named Odoacer!
Artwork Depiction of Hun
Invaders
Depiction of Rome Falling (476 A.D)
Why did Rome Fall?
Military Attacks -- Invaders put constant pressure on the empire
Political Turmoil -- Generals and politicians fought for power
Economic Weakness -- Heavy taxes to support the army, less successful wars
Social Decay -- Upper class Romans lived a detached life of luxury seeking honor and prestige rather than helping the Empire.
Huge costs to supply the Roman common people with ‘bread and circuses’ also drastically hurt the empire.
Crossword!
Unit 2 Crossword Review! Show me and I will check off.
Keep it to study!!!!
TO TURN IN TODAY!
DO NOWS
