Proses PDF (en)

8/9/2019 Proses PDF (en)

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Process Management

Processor, memory and kernel informations

Monitoring process

Killing process

Foreground and background process

Version 1.0 linuxslides.blogspot.com


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Processor informations

Checking our processor clock:$ cat /proc/cpuinfoprocessor : 0vendor_id : GenuineIntel

cpu family : 15model : 2model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 1.80GHz...



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Memory informations

Displaying our memory informations:

$ cat /proc/meminfoMemTotal: 483100 kBMemFree: 25352 kB

...More detailed informations:

$ free -mtotal used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 471 445 26 0 3 119

-/+ buffers/cache: 322 149

Swap: 996 230 765

GUI based informations:

$ gnome-system-monitor Version 1.0 linuxslides.blogspot.com


4/15

Kernel and hardware info

Check our kernel:$ uname -aLinux linuxmint 2.6.24-16-generic ...

$ dmesg | grep Linux[ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.24-16-generic ...

Displaying hardware informations:

$ dmesg | less

Displaying PCI hardware info (vga, sound card, etc):

$ lspci



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Monitoring process

Displaying active processes:$ psPID TTY TIME CMD9861 pts/0 00:00:00 bash

10157 pts/0 00:00:00 ps

PID: Process identity

TTY: Terminal where the process is running

TIME: Time needed by CPU to complete the process

CMD: The command which is executed



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Monitoring process

Displaying all active processes:$ ps aPID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND4471 tty3 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty3

4473 tty6 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty68408 tty1 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty 38400 tty19861 pts/0 Ss 0:00 bash10158 pts/0 R+ 0:00 ps a

STAT is the status of the process, which are: Uninterruptible

sleep, Running, Interruptible sleep, Stopped, session leader,

foreground, etc. Further info see chapter PROCESS STATE

CODES in ps manual.



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Monitoring process

Displaying all active processes from all user:$ ps auUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START ...root 4471 0.0 0.0 716 424 tty3 Ss+ 08:14

root 4473 0.0 0.0 716 424 tty6 Ss+ 08:14root 8408 0.0 0.0 716 424 tty1 Ss+ 08:14joni 9861 0.0 0.0 716 424 pts/0 Ss 11:07joni 10158 0.0 0.0 716 424 pts/0 R+ 11:07

USER : user name who run the process

%CPU/MEM: percentage CPU/MEM used by process

VSZ : virtual memory size of the process in KB

RSS : resident set size, RAM used in KB

START : the time process start Version 1.0 linuxslides.blogspot.com


8/15

Monitoring process

Displaying allactive processes from all user including non-tty:$ ps auxUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START ...root 4471 0.0 0.0 716 424 tty3 Ss+ 08:14

root 4473 0.0 0.0 716 424 tty6 Ss+ 08:14root 8408 0.0 0.0 716 424 tty1 Ss+ 08:14root 8438 0.0 0.0 716 424 ? Ss 08:14root 8439 0.0 0.0 716 424 ? Ss 08:14root 8440 0.0 0.0 716 424 ? Ss 08:14

joni 9861 0.0 0.0 716 424 pts/0 Ss 11:07joni 10158 0.0 0.0 716 424 pts/0 R+ 11:07

Displaying process which is not associated or executed from a

terminal, such as init process, daemon, etc. Version 1.0 linuxslides.blogspot.com


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Display a tree of processes

$ pstree -p | lessinit(1)NetworkManager(4864){NetworkManager}(5045)

NetworkManagerD(4878)acpid(4646)

apache2(8271)apache2(8321) apache2(8323) apache2(8324)

Process tree often needed when we have to terminate a parent

process, because the child process is unable to kill.



10/15

Monitoring process real time

$ top



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Terminating (kill) process

Use the PID to kill a process:

$ kill $ kill 8710

If command above failed, use option -9:

$ kill -9 8710

LAB:

Open new terminal in Desktop and type gedit command. Try to findthe terminal's PID (not gedit PID) and kill. Make sure the terminal

and gedit terminated properly.



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Foreground process

Process 1 Process 2 Process 3

Background process

Process 1

Process 2

Process 3

Foreground process run

sequentially, whenbackground process runsimultaneously.



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Foreground and background

Sample of foreground process:

$ find / -name xyz > result.txt 2>&1

We have to wait until process above finished, then we can run

another process:

$ ls -l

Sample of background process:

$ find / -name xyz > result.txt 2>&1 &

At the same time, we can run another process directly:

$ ls -l



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Change foreground to background

Changing foreground process to background:$ find / -name xyz > result.txt 2>&1Ctrl+Z[1]+ Stopped find / -name xyz > result.txt 2>&1

To see pending/paused process:

$ jobs[1]+ Stopped find / -name xyz > result.txt 2>&1

Change process number 1 to background:

$ bg 1Check again with jobs:

$ jobs



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Change background to foreground

Changing background process to foreground:$ find / -name xyz > result.txt 2>&1 &

To see background process:

$ jobs[1]+ Running find / -name xyz > result.txt 2>&1 &

Change process number 1 to foreground:

$ fg 1Or if it the only one:

$ fg


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Proses PDF (en)